Large cyst in the sinus. Cyst of the maxillary sinus. Symptoms of a cyst of the maxillary sinus. Cyst of the maxillary sinus

Most people consider a runny nose and various nasal breathing problems to be diseases that do not require urgent and effective treatment.

However, there are many cases when regular ignoring of such ailments causes serious complications - sinusitis, pharyngitis, polyps, hearing loss and / or smell, as well as cysts in the sinus.

Not all people know about the last disease, and this despite the fact that a cyst in the nose occurs in every 10th inhabitant of the planet.

A cyst in the nose is a benign formation in the paranasal cavity (most often in the maxillary cavity), filled with a liquid component and enclosed in a dense capsule.

At the primary stage of development, this neoplasm does not manifest itself in any way and does not bother the patient. The presence of a cyst is mainly diagnosed by chance, during the next x-ray or examination by an ENT doctor.

At first, the cyst does not give pain, does not disturb the breathing process, and does not provoke any other clinical symptoms.

The mechanism of cyst formation is simple - in the area of the two-layer mucous epithelium, due to blockage of the excretory channels, a cystic cavity is formed.

Its volume is filled with a secret produced by the inner epithelial layer.

It does not have the ability to move away due to disruption of the cells of the upper layer of the mucosa. Thus, a capsule filled with liquid secretion is obtained.

The main causes of the appearance of a cyst in the nose

Now about those very “minor” ailments of the nasal cavity, which can cause significant problems in the future.

Chronic rhinitis, sinusitis.
Sinusitis.
Various growths, including polyps.
Features of physiology (anomalies in the structure of the nasal cavity - curvature of the septum, etc.).
Blockage of channels, glands.
Regular allergic reactions.
Dental diseases affecting the teeth of the upper row, including caries, pulpitis.
Omission of the hard palate with malocclusion.

The main methods for diagnosing nasal cysts are: examination by a specialist - ENT, X-ray or tomography.

The main symptoms of a cyst in the nose

In some people, a cyst may not manifest itself in any way and cause absolutely no discomfort.

But in most cases, after a short time after the appearance of education, it begins to cause a number of obvious symptoms:

Headaches of different locations;
nasal congestion, appearing periodically or present constantly, in one part of the nose (with one-sided lesion) or in both (with bilateral lesion);
frequent exacerbations of ENT diseases, their long and complex course, without response to traditional therapeutic measures;
heaviness, swelling, discomfort in the forehead, wings of the nose, upper jaw;
yellow-purulent discharge from the nose;
facial asymmetry;
loss of smell;
voice change, the appearance of "nasal";
inflammatory processes in the nose and paranasal sinuses.

The clinical picture of a cyst may include other symptoms, depending on the location of the cyst, its size, and the composition of the filling fluid.

The main methods of treatment of nasal cysts

Treatment of this disease includes conservative methods, surgical and alternative.

Depending on the stage of the disease and its course, a suitable therapy is selected.

1. If the cyst is associated with dental problems, then its separate treatment may not be necessary. It will be enough to eliminate the focus of inflammation, and the cyst will go away by itself.

2. With the ineffectiveness of drug treatment and the deterioration of the patient's condition, the cyst is removed radically: by surgery.

3. Often, the doctor prescribes a puncture to eliminate the cyst. Using a special tool, the contents of the cyst are pumped out, the cavity is thoroughly washed, and drainage is established.

Such manipulations can temporarily relieve the exacerbation, but with further progression of the disease, a surgical operation is prescribed.

4. With conservative treatment are prescribed:

Salt solutions for washing (Marimer, Humer, Aquamaris and others).

Drugs that improve secretion outflow (for example, Sinuforte), local and systemic antibiotics (Isofra, Bioparox, amoxicillins, lincomycins).

Vasoconstrictors to relieve edema and improve new breathing (Otrivin, Tizin, Nazivin, etc.).

5. At home, you can remove unpleasant symptoms and stop the growth of the neoplasm using one of the following methods: regularly do inhalations with essential eucalyptus and tea tree oils.

6. slightly diluted with water and drip into the nose three times a day, three drops.

7. Mix in equal proportions the juice of beets, aloe and onions, instill into the nose every 6 hours.

8. Wash a few sheets of the golden mustache and grind to a mushy state, add half a glass of clean boiled water (warm), leave overnight, filter the composition and drip into the nose in the morning and evening.

9. Inhalations with potato broth.

Boil 4-5 potatoes, take them out, and add 8 drops of rosemary essential oil to the broth.

Bend over the container, cover with a towel from above, inhale the vapors slowly and deeply through the nose. The duration of the procedure is up to 10 minutes.

10. Grate one medium onion and one medium potato separately on a fine grater, squeeze out two juices and mix them in equal proportions.

Drip onion-potato drops in the nose every 6 hours.

11. Mix the juice of three leaves of aloe and three leaves of Kalanchoe, add a little salt and half a teaspoon of natural honey, beat until smooth, drip into the nose every 10 hours.

12. Inject into the nostrils for 4-6 minutes turundas soaked in freshly squeezed black radish juice.

13. Mix viburnum juice with honey in equal proportions, drink half a teaspoon per day. The course of treatment is 10 weeks.

14. 1 teaspoon of strong black tea, mixed with 1 teaspoon of honey and the same amount of eucalyptus tincture. Composition drip at regular intervals of 4 hours.

15. Mix 2 g of mumijo with 1 teaspoon of glycerin and a tablespoon of warm water, drip every 7 hours.

If the cyst is left untreated, it can provoke dangerous complications..

Difficulty breathing and, as a result, oxygen deficiency in tissues cause cardiovascular pathologies;
rupture of the cyst and the release of purulent accumulations can cause severe abscesses that affect all nearby organs - the nasal cavity, ears, teeth;
an overgrown cyst causes severe headaches, spasm of cerebral vessels, decreased immunity, and nightly breathing stops are possible.

A cyst is found in the sinus in 90% of cases quite by accident. This is a benign formation with which you can live your whole life without even knowing about its presence. But sometimes the cyst becomes inflamed, filled with pus and can manifest itself as extremely unpleasant symptoms. Then it becomes necessary to treat or remove it.

True or false?

In medicine, there are such concepts as a true false cyst. A true cyst in the nose or in the sinuses is a fluid-filled cavity, the walls of which are formed by an overgrown mucous membrane. It appears due to blockage of the ducts through which the secret produced by the mucous glands comes out. The cause of the blockage itself is most often chronic inflammatory processes, due to which the mucosa thickens and partially changes its structure.

If the cyst is small and not inflamed, it is filled with clear mucus and does not bother the person at all. The rate of its growth depends on many reasons, most of which have not been identified. Therefore, having small cysts in the sinuses of the nose, a person can live a lifetime and never know about it.

When a cyst becomes inflamed, it fills with pus, which quickly swells. When ruptured, pus flows into the sinuses of the nose, and then diseases such as sinusitis, frontal sinusitis, etc. arise. Therefore, when asked whether it is dangerous to have a cyst and whether urgent removal is necessary, only a doctor can answer after the diagnosis.

A false cyst usually grows in the maxillary sinuses and is associated with chronic inflammation of the tissues or dental roots of the upper jaw. Its lower wall is not a mucous lining, but just maxillary tissues. If the tooth, over which the sinus cyst has formed, is affected by caries, the infection can penetrate into the cavity filled with fluid, provoke an inflammatory process and suppuration.

Reasons provocateurs

In a healthy person, all mucous glands function normally and moderately secrete a secret that moisturizes the mucous membranes. With respiratory diseases or exposure to external stimuli, the amount of mucus secreted increases. When too much of it accumulates in the sinuses of the nose and stagnation forms, blockage of the ducts can occur, which is the main reason for the formation of a cyst.

The following factors can provoke abundant secretion of mucus:

persistent allergic reactions;
chronic diseases of the nose and sinuses (rhinitis, sinusitis, etc.);
persistent colds;
asymmetric facial structure;
severe curvature of the nasal septum;
caries, inflammation of the tissues and teeth of the upper jaw;
polyps or chronically inflamed adenoids.

Sometimes poor working conditions (polluted or hot air, inhalation of chemical fumes, etc.) contribute to the stagnation of mucus and the formation of a cyst of the paranasal sinuses. And even if the air in an apartment or workroom is constantly too dry, this also leads to hyperactivity of the mucous membranes, which try to compensate for the lack of moisture.

anxiety symptoms

If a cyst in the sinus of a person’s nose does not bother you in any way and does not increase in size, you should not touch it. Even if it manifested itself in an x-ray taken for another reason, there is no need for special treatment, let alone surgery. It’s another matter when you don’t even know about the diagnosis yet, but the following symptoms began to bother you:

Only a doctor can diagnose the presence of a cyst. It is rarely seen externally. And more often the doctor finds a cyst on the left, since it is more convenient for him to examine this nasal passage. But, fortunately, now we have at our disposal high-tech examination methods, which are used for diagnosis.

Diagnosis of a cyst

The easiest way to detect a cyst is an x-ray. On it you can see the size, shape and location of the formation in the left or right sinus. If it does not pose a danger to the patient, you can limit yourself to this. But when a cyst of the left or right sinus gives the unpleasant symptoms listed above, one picture is not enough, other studies are needed:

Based on the results of the examination, a decision is made on how to treat the cyst or whether it is necessary to remove it. If no measures are taken, a subsequently inflamed or ruptured cyst can cause purulent inflammation of the sinuses and even decay of the bones of the nose and upper jaw.

Folk methods

Today's popular folk methods of treatment are trying to apply for any disease. In this situation, they are absolutely useless. Since the cyst is located in a closed sinus, to which there is no access from the outside, it is impossible to influence it intensively by means of traditional medicine. Therefore, if the formation is already inflamed and / or filled with pus, such treatment can only worsen the situation, especially if warming is applied.

It is worth using natural remedies only to eliminate the causes that can provoke the growth of a cyst and as a prevention of its occurrence. That is, to fight allergies, rhinitis and strengthen immunity, which will make it less likely to pick up respiratory and viral diseases. Moreover, just most of those methods of treatment that are usually used, in this case, can do much harm.

So let's start with what not to do:

use essential oils for inhalation;
do washing with herbal decoctions or infusions;
use bee products for treatment: honey, propolis, etc .;
instill nose with alcohol tinctures and solutions;
before revealing the nature of education, use aloe juice or pulp.

Shilajit tincture (in water with glycerin), juice from cyclamen tubers (diluted with water 1: 4) or pure golden mustache juice, which can be dripped 3-4 drops 2-3 times a day, will help treat the nasal mucosa, relieve inflammation and swelling. If the cyst is bothering you, you will have to take more drastic measures.

Removal of a cyst

Many believe that if the cyst has already burst or was accidentally pierced (for example, during a puncture of the maxillary sinus), and the fluid has leaked out, then it will no longer appear. This opinion is erroneous - if the body of the cyst itself remains, then after a while the integrity of the membrane is restored, and it is again filled with fluid or pus.

Therefore, if a decision has already been made that the formation should be removed, it is better to do it surgically. Moreover, the achievements of modern medicine make it possible to do this bloodlessly and almost painlessly. Usually, after removal, the cyst no longer forms in the same place, especially if the manipulation is performed using a laser, which simultaneously cauterizes the tissues at the site of the operation.

The most common technologies today are the Cadwell-Luke technique or endoscopic removal. All these manipulations can be performed both under local and general anesthesia. The choice of removal method is individual. It depends on the type and location of the cyst, the presence or absence of special equipment, and the qualifications of the surgeon.

The Cadwell-Luke technique is used to remove a cyst deep in the right or left sinus. It consists in the fact that a small incision is made under the upper lip with a conventional or laser scalpel, through which access to the sinus cavity is opened, the cyst is excised and a small suture is applied. The advantage of the method is that it allows you to remove a cyst with deep localization. Minus - the integrity of the sinus mucosa is violated, which can subsequently develop chronic sinusitis or rhinitis.
Endoscopic removal. Much less traumatic. An endoscope is inserted through the nasal passage, which penetrates into the maxillary sinus through a small hole and burns out the formation with a laser. The operation is practically bloodless, since the edges of the wounds are immediately sealed, and then quickly overgrown. This is the main advantage of the method. The downside is that it is impossible to remove purulent formations in this way.

Removal of a dental cyst can be carried out by any of these methods, it all depends on its size and condition. Before determining the date of the operation, the doctor prescribes the necessary tests to make sure that there are no active inflammatory processes and other contraindications.

The operation is contraindicated in pregnancy, blood clotting disorders, cardiovascular insufficiency, systemic diseases (AIDS, lupus, etc.), autoimmune diseases. Manipulations will have to be postponed for the period of menstruation, a period of exacerbation of chronic diseases, if the patient has recently had a viral or respiratory disease.

In the postoperative period, it is necessary to strictly follow all the doctor's instructions, take prescribed medications, and properly care for the nasal cavity.

Within a month, you need to beware of hypothermia, drafts and avoid active physical exertion. With strict adherence to the prescriptions issued by the doctor, the operation usually goes without complications, and the body quickly recovers.

Among the otolaryngological diseases, which are most common in practice, there is also a cyst of the paranasal sinuses. Depending on the specific location of localization, such formations can manifest themselves in different ways.

Diagnosing the problem is not difficult; specialists can offer several options for treating cysts in the nose.

What is a cyst?

At its core, a cyst is a benign neoplasm. It, as a rule, has the shape of a regular ball and consists of an elastic thin fabric. Inside, the sinus cyst is filled with fluid.

The mechanism of the appearance of such a ball is directly related to the anatomical and physiological structure of the human body. The mucous membrane of the sinuses contains numerous glands. Their main goal is to produce mucus that would moisturize and then protect the nasal passages.

Fluid is supplied through special ducts, first into the paranasal sinus, and then into the nasal passages.

Due to certain reasons, such ducts can close, but the fluid in them continues to be produced and accumulated. Mucus has nowhere to go, so the ducts gradually expand, forming cysts in the sinuses. Investigating the content of education, laboratory assistants distinguish in it, as a rule, the following components:

cholesterol;
iron oxide;
albumen;
mucin and some other components.

Unlike the content of polyps, cystic fluid crystallizes very quickly. It takes only 2 months for this phenomenon to appear. The size of the formations can be different: from very small and not distinguishable by tomography to very large, which interfere with normal breathing.

A variant of the latter was first described in 1925 by Professor Kartashov P.N. The purulent cyst in the nasal sinuses of his patient had a volume of more than 350 mm3, which led to serious deformations of the facial structure. Not a single person is immune from the appearance of such neoplasms; they can occur in fact at any age. Statistics indicate that the largest number of patients with such pathologies are men.

In more than 80% of cases, the balls occupy the paranasal voids, in 15% - the cells of the ethmoid labyrinth, and in about 5% - the sphenoid and maxillary sinuses.

Varieties of nasal cystic neoplasms

Depending on the internal filling of the ball, the following types are distinguished:

serous cyst - occurs infrequently;
mucosa - prevails in the total number of cases, in comparison with others it is the safest;
purulent - diagnosed quite often, requires urgent surgical treatment;
pneumatized (air) - an extremely rare species, localized mainly in the frontal sinuses.

According to another classification, sinus cysts are divided into the following subspecies:

Subspecies	Comments
Lymphangiectatic (false)	It is localized in the thickness of the mucous membrane, it has no epithelial lining.
retention (true)	It is clearly manifested on the radiograph, inside it is covered with a cylindrical epithelium, it chooses the maxillary sinuses as its place.
dental	They are divided into two more subspecies: radicular, which arise as a result of tissue necrosis (most often the cause is caries) and deformations of the jawbone and follicular - usually appear at the age of 11-14 years and are directly related to the pathology of the development of the tooth germ.
Congenital	Localized at birth.

Why do neoplasms appear and how are they manifested?

The cyst of the paranasal sinuses can have different causes of its occurrence. Most often, the main problem lies in the inflammatory processes of the mucous membrane. These, for example, include:

chronic rhinitis;
allergic rhinitis;
vasomotor rhinitis.

The impetus for the development of such pathologies can also be given by other neoplasms in the sinuses, for example, polyps, sinusitis. The duct of the gland can also close through specific injuries of the nose, congenital pathologies.

Symptoms of the presence of a neoplasm depend on the content of the ball, its size, the cause of occurrence and the location. There are cases when a cyst in the sinus of the nose does not manifest itself at all for a long time and can be discovered quite by accident, when examined by an otolaryngologist.

These, for example, include formations that have arisen as a result of domestic trauma.

Traditional signs of cyst-like formations of the left sinus or the other side are:

occasional nasal congestion;
dull or aching, but not constant headaches;
discomfort in the upper jaw;
mucous or purulent discharge - a consequence of irritation of the nasal mucosa due to a sharp change in position;
frequent sinusitis;
occasional pain in the sinuses.

The latter can be aggravated when immersed in water, because in such a situation the pressure on the face increases.

A large cyst in the nose, as a rule, has more pronounced symptoms:

neurological pain, which is a consequence of the pressure of the ball on the trigeminal nerve;
Strong headache;
heaviness on the right or left side of the cheek;
gerberian roller - protrusion of the nasal floor;
displacement of the apple of the eye and subsequently deterioration of vision;
swelling to the left or right of the cyst;
nausea;
irritability;
memory impairment;
difficult nasal breathing;
dizziness;
lacrimation.

A large formation can protrude and thereby distort the face.

When viewed in the oral cavity, one can notice a lowered palate or even the appearance of fistulas. Each of these symptoms requires further examination.

How is the diagnosis carried out?

A cyst on the left or right side of the face can be diagnosed and treated by an otolaryngologist or surgeon. In addition to the complaints of the patient himself, the doctor must examine the patient. On palpation of a large formation, a parchment crunch characteristic of a cyst can be seen, this is the so-called Dupuytren's sign.

A puncture helps the doctor to establish an accurate diagnosis. It is quite often done in other diseases. To perform the procedure, a syringe is inserted into the cavity, which collects a substance for analysis. The next step in the diagnosis should be to identify the specific location of the ball.

In this case, radiography will be useful. To get an informative picture, a special substance is poured into the patient's nose beforehand. This method is considered safe and completely painless.

Computed tomography provides even more accurate information.

According to experts, CT with an accuracy of 95% allows you to find out where the cyst is located, how homogeneous its contents are, what size it is, and how it affects neighboring tissues. Of course, the advantages of the method include the ability to trace bone deformities, which cannot be done in any other way.

Among other modern diagnostic methods in practice, otolaryngologists use the following methods:

sounding;
endoscopic examination.

How to cure an ailment?

A cyst of the paranasal sinuses can only be treated surgically. There are no drugs and physiotherapeutic methods that can remove or at least reduce the neoplasm. However, it is worth noting that not every cyst is recommended by doctors to be removed. If the ball is small and does not bring discomfort, does not affect the structural changes in the surrounding tissues, you can not touch it. The patient should undergo regular examinations in order to timely detect negative changes.

If the operation is still needed, then it is carried out in a hospital under local, less often under general anesthesia. Most patients are worried about the question, is the intervention dangerous? In fact, there is nothing too complicated for a professional surgeon or ENT in this. All that is required of the patient is to come at the appointed time, lie down on the couch and trust the specialists.

The doctor can perform his work in several ways. The first can be conditionally called a classic operation on the maxillary sinus. Often performed when the underlying cause of the problem is a bad tooth. In this case, the doctor must make an incision on the patient's inner upper lip, and then cut the sinus itself and pull the cyst out of it. Then everything is neatly sewn up. Such a surgical intervention is quite traumatic.

Due to the violation of the integrity of the sinus, the patient may experience discomfort and pain for a long time. The site of the sinus incision eventually turns into a scar, so the physiological features and characteristics of the mucous membrane change.

Another option for cyst removal is surgery using modern endoscopic equipment. In this case, the instruments are inserted directly into the nasal cavity, and from it through a natural opening into the maxillary sinus. The cyst is removed quickly and without anesthesia. As a rule, the consequences of such an operation are very minor. Patients do not have incisions on the face and lips, open wounds or stitches. There are no contraindications either. In just a few hours after the removal of the formation, the patient can go home.

Is it possible to treat folk methods?

A proven fact is that homeopathic methods and traditional medicine methods do not allow you to get rid of the cyst. On the contrary, there are cases when the use of herbal preparations and homemade drops led to an increase in education.

The list of the most dangerous means of self-treatment includes:

lubrication of the nasal passages with honey;
washing with saline solutions;
steam inhalation;
instillation of essential oils;
taking decoctions of herbs;
propolis inhalation.

It is strictly forbidden to perform any physiotherapy procedures with a nasal cyst, it is dangerous for the sinuses. Summing up all of the above, it should be concluded that the cyst in the sinus is a specific formation. It can be safe and do not require treatment, or it can be dangerous and can cause headaches, breathing difficulties, facial deformities, and some other complications. The only treatment for this problem is surgery. The sooner a problem is identified, the easier and faster it can be resolved. That is why at the first sign of a cyst, you should consult a doctor.

A cyst in the nose is a non-cancerous tumor that is characterized by strong walls. Inside it is concentrated liquid. It can take on various sizes and localizations, taking into account which the symptoms of the disease vary. You can detect a cyst during an x-ray. Cyst of the maxillary sinus can be of two types - truth and pseudocyst. The first type occurs when the glands that produce mucus are clogged. But pseudocysts are formed due to pathogenic microorganisms that have entered the body. The neoplasm does not contain mucous membrane cells.

The mucous membrane of the nose is covered with a large number of different glands. Their function is to produce mucus. It serves to moisturize the nasal mucosa. Each of the glands is equipped with a duct. Mucus moves through it. If there is a blockage of these ducts, this will cause the development of a cyst in the nasal cavity.

The mucous that enters the duct cannot enter the nasal cavity. It accumulates, forming a growth. The following reasons can affect the blockage of the ducts:

sinusitis or rhinitis;
polyps;
dental diseases;
anatomic pathologies.

That is why it is necessary to start treating the disease only after the fundamental factor has been eliminated. Otherwise, it will be impossible to get a positive effect from therapy.

Symptoms

While the cyst in the sinus is small, the person does not feel any unpleasant symptoms. This can last until the development of rhinitis or other pathological processes in the nose. Cyst and sinusitis are two pathologies that are characterized by a similar clinical picture, so a person does not immediately understand that he has a neoplasm. There are the following symptoms of cysts of the maxillary sinus:

Pain syndrome in the forehead. Painful sensations can be concentrated on one or both sides.
Pain near the wings of the nose.
Sensation of a foreign object in the nose.
The nose is blocked from time to time, and then this condition takes a permanent form.
Frequent exacerbation of sinusitis.

Kinds

The odontogenic cyst of the upper jaw is formed from the tissues of the tooth. The tumor is concentrated in the lower parts of the upper jaw. A tooth cyst in the maxillary sinus occurs due to dental disease. The neoplasm can affect the left or right of the upper jaw. The cyst of the maxillary sinus can take various forms. Each of them has its own size and area of localization. Thus, the following types of neoplasms can be distinguished:

incisive foramen (nasopalatine);
radicular;
follicular;
retention;
retromolar;
nasoalveolar;
globulomaxylar.

The most frequent is radicular. This cyst of the maxillary sinus is formed from the structures of the tooth root after suffering inflammation with the formation of granulomas. A radicular cyst of the left maxillary sinus or right can lead to the destruction of the adjacent bone tissue.

Retromolar is a cyst of the maxillary sinus, which occurs with the growth of wisdom teeth. The nasoalveolar cyst in the maxillary sinus is formed at the junction of the upper jaw and the bones of the nose. The cyst of the incisive canal with active growth causes destruction of the palatine bone.

Diagnostic methods

In order for the patient to be able to prescribe adequate treatment for a cyst in the nose, the otolaryngologist must first make a diagnosis, and for this he needs to use the following diagnostic methods:

sinus x-ray
sounding;
puncture;
endoscopy;
computed tomography.

Another doctor during the examination should ask the patient about what worries him. Based on the data obtained, establish a diagnosis and prescribe therapy.

What is the danger?

Is this disease dangerous? It may seem that a small cyst in the sinus can lead to serious consequences. But actually it is not. After all, this ball begins to grow over time, and if it bursts, then all the pathogenic microorganisms that it contains can penetrate into other organs. And then the inflammatory process will begin to develop there.

If a cyst in the nose has been diagnosed, but it does not bother the patient himself, then it is necessary to control the formation with an x-ray. It is very important to catch the moment when it starts to increase. In severe pathology, a cyst of the right maxillary sinus or the left one can completely fill the sinus of the nose.

When the headache has become permanent, a purulent discharge regularly occurs from the nasal cavity, the body temperature rises and other symptoms of the inflammatory process are present, then it is necessary to visit the hospital quickly and without delay.

With such a clinical picture, consequences such as otitis media, meningitis and other serious diseases of neighboring organs can occur.

Surgery

Removal of a cyst in the nose is carried out by the Caldwell-Luc surgical method. It is performed under anesthesia. The patient is made an incision under the upper lip, the anterior part of the sinus wall is cut. Then, through the hole made, using tools, the cyst is removed. But this method of therapy has its drawbacks. The stoma obtained during the operation overgrows and forms scars. This can cause disruption of the mucosal tissues. Thus, rhinitis or sinusitis will visit the patient much more often. Even after such surgical treatment of cysts in the maxillary sinus, the patient is not allowed to go home immediately. For a couple more days, he will be under the supervision of a specialist.

If the doctor has prescribed an operation for the patient, then it must be carried out in the clinic. Further, the patient adheres to a number of recommendations that will avoid negative complications at the time of rehabilitation.

To do this, the patient must:

Adhere to bed rest for 2 days. This will prevent bleeding.
Perform nasal hygiene. This includes cleansing, moisturizing and antiseptic treatment.
Thermal manipulations are not allowed.
Heavy physical activity is prohibited.

But not everyone can carry out the removal of a cyst of the maxillary sinus. There are a number of contraindications, which include:

blood clotting disorder;
malignant tumors;
pregnancy and lactation;
severe forms of pathologies of the heart and blood vessels.
epilepsy.

Endoscopic removal

Removal of a cyst of the maxillary sinus is performed using special equipment that must be introduced to the patient through the nasal passage. In this case, the doctor does not carry out any incisions and punctures. All actions of the attending physician are monitored on the monitor. The advantage of endoscopic removal of the maxillary sinus cyst is that the maxillary sinus is not damaged, which means that the integrity of the mucous membrane is not broken. Perform endoscopy without anesthesia.

The next advantage of the procedure is the patient's ability to go home on the same day, which has a positive effect on his emotional mood. Endoscopy is an effective method of cyst removal, which has no contraindications and rarely causes complications.

laser removal

This method of treatment is very popular today. And all this thanks to the fact that it is completely safe. In addition, tissue repair is much faster than with a classic operation to remove a maxillary sinus cyst.

Medicines

If the cyst in the nose is small, then it can be cured without surgery. But then it remains to be seen what caused the development of the pathological process. If these are sick teeth, then they need to be treated and then the disease will recede.

It is forbidden to carry out any physiotherapy with such a diagnosis, and especially those that involve thermal exposure. Otherwise, such actions will lead to an increase in the size of the cyst and the transition of inflammation to intact sinuses. When treating, doctors may prescribe the following methods:

glucocorticosteroids;
vasoconstrictor drops;
removal of fluid and neoplasms.

But none of the listed methods will give a full guarantee that the disease will recede, since the cyst of the main sinus is not treated. If you already have a maxillary sinus cyst, then with the help of drug therapy it is only possible to slow down its growth. But you can completely get rid of it only by surgery.

Alternative treatment

Treatment of a nasal cyst with folk remedies can slow down the growth of the tumor and improve the general condition of the patient. But getting rid of the pathological process does not work out that way. In addition, treatment with folk remedies may have a contraindication for use due to the development of allergies.

To relieve symptoms, you can use proven recipes of traditional medicine:

Drip your nose with aloe juice. Such therapy should be carried out for six months.
You can also use a mummy infusion in a similar way.
Take the root of cyclamen, squeeze out the juice, drip 2-3 drops into each nasal passage.
Get potato and onion juice, combine them in equal proportions, add honey. Use the resulting composition as drops 3 times a day, 2-3 drops.
To cleanse the sinuses, you can use the following composition: take an onion, chop finely, add 100 ml of boiling water and 5 g of honey. Infuse for about 5 hours, and then rinse the sinuses 2 times a day.
Get 100 ml of juice from celandine, add 0.5 l of propolis tincture. Dilute the resulting composition with 200 g of honey. Mix everything, take 10 ml before meals.
To facilitate general well-being, it is useful to use an infusion of medicinal plants. You can use horsetail, lilac flowers, wheatgrass root and rose hips. Take 20 g of the collection, pour 500 ml of boiling water. Insist all night, and then consume 200 ml daily.

A cyst in the nose is a serious pathological process that cannot be left to chance. If you do not start treatment in a timely manner, the tumor will begin to grow, leading to serious complications. Completely get rid of it is possible only with the help of surgery. But if it is small and does not prevent a person from living fully, then with the help of medicines and folk recipes, you can slow down its growth.

What is a cyst of the paranasal sinus, and why is its growth dangerous?

A sinus cyst is an abnormal, but not malignant, nodule-shaped hollow formation with a cavity filled with liquid secretion, which is formed from the mucosal tissue of the paranasal sinuses.

The paranasal sinuses or sinuses are air chambers that communicate with the nasal cavity through natural openings - anastomoses. These include the maxillary or maxillary sinuses, the sphenoid, frontal and two ethmoid labyrinths.

Most often, a cyst in the nasal cavity is diagnosed in the frontal sinuses (almost 80% of all clinical cases), in the maxillary and sphenoid sinuses they occur in only 5% of patients, formations in the ethmoid labyrinth are observed in 15% of case histories.

Features of the cyst of the paranasal sinuses:

Not capable of malignant transformation.
It almost never resolves on its own and with therapeutic treatment.
It can form as a single formation or in the form of multiple nodes.
The appearance of nodes in the maxillary sinus is diagnosed as cystic sinusitis.

Is the condition dangerous when a cyst appears in the nose, and what consequences can the growth of a cystic node lead to?

A cyst is not a tumor, since it is not a dense tissue formation, but simply a capsule with a shell and liquid contents, and a cancer process cannot begin in it, but its growth is dangerous for the patient with serious consequences.

Among the complications that a cyst of the paranasal sinuses leads to include:

Disorder of nasal ventilation and nasal breathing. For this reason, the cells of the brain and other organs suffer from constant oxygen starvation. With such a condition, headaches, memory impairment develop, in childhood and adolescence - developmental delay, a noticeable lag behind peers.
Increasing the frequency of diseases of the bronchi, lungs, ENT organs.

In the course of an increase in the cyst of the main sinus of the nose, serious consequences occur:

changes in the facial bones due to the pressure of a large cyst;
exophthalmos or displacement of the eyeballs;
inflammation and purulent processes that pass to the organs of vision, brain and bone tissues;
the appearance of fistulas during the development of an odontogenic cyst;
decreased function of the kidneys, myocardium, brain, liver, damage to blood vessels, bones and joints due to constant oxygen deficiency;
destruction of bone and cartilage tissue of the nose and upper jaw;
rupture of the walls of the node and the penetration of pyogenic bacteria into the lymph nodes and blood vessels, if a cyst infected with microbes has burst.

Main symptoms

Until the cyst in the nose reaches a size of 5 - 8 mm, it may not be felt by the patient. And not always the signs of a formation growing in the sinuses are associated with its size.

So, a large outgrowth in the lower segment of the maxillary sinus can not manifest itself for a long time, and a small nodule in the upper section can cause pain, squeezing the nerve plexus.

As a rule, a cyst in the sinus of the nose manifests itself with a number of symptoms:

Feeling of nasal congestion, difficulty breathing, while vasoconstrictor medications help less and less as the formation grows.
There are persistent dull pains under the eyes, in the region of the temples, forehead, bridge of the nose or the back of the head. In this case, the pain can increase with a change in the position of the head - especially with forward bends, as well as during air travel, scuba diving.
Feeling of pressure, fullness in the sinuses.
Blurred vision, double vision.
Mucous or yellowish (with bacterial sinusitis) discharge from the nose.
Dizziness, sleep disturbance, memory impairment, irritability, decreased performance.
Development or exacerbation of sinusitis.
Edema over the site of growth of the cyst of the paranasal sinuses, shift of the eyeball.

These signs are typical for cysts of the left and right sinuses, but can occur with sinusitis, polypous growths in the nose.

The reasons

There are two types of nasal cystic nodes with different mechanisms of formation:

True or retention cyst

It is formed due to swelling and thickening of the mucous membrane due to frequent or long-term inflammation. This leads to obstruction of the excretory channels of the glands that produce mucus. A secret accumulates in the ducts, and a cavity bubble is formed, gradually filled with liquid.

False or pseudocyst.

In medicine, such a formation is called an odontogenic cyst, since the cause of its appearance is usually an inflammatory and infectious process at the root of the tooth of the upper row. With the destruction of bone tissue, a dense odontogenic cyst grows into the maxillary sinus, localizing at its bottom.

The causes of the occurrence of abdominal nodes in the sinuses include:

frequent inflammation in the cavity and sinuses of the nose, leading to thickening and swelling of the mucosa and blockage of the ducts;
chronic ENT diseases, including rhinitis and sinusitis of a different nature;
purulent processes on the roots of the teeth of the maxillary row;
deformation of the nasal septum and other structures of the nose, including the descent of the hard palate, anatomically narrow fistulas.

Diagnostics

To detect a cyst of the paranasal sinuses, an X-ray examination is first performed, analyzing the radiograph (image) of the sinuses in two projections.

However, the medical interpretation of the data obtained remains subjective and depends on the quality of the images, the qualifications of the doctor, the characteristics of the pathology and the structure of the nose.

As reliable diagnostic methods are considered:

hymography, performed with the introduction of a contrast agent into the sinus, which allows you to determine the exact place of formation and size of the node;
magnetic resonance and computed tomography, which is usually prescribed in doubtful cases in order to differentiate the retention cyst from the odontogenic, polyps and tumors, to determine the size and structure;
endoscopy of the nasal cavity and sinuses, performed using a micro-camera to repeatedly enlarge suspicious areas and confirm the diagnosis.

During diagnostic endoscopy, a biopsy is mandatory - a tissue fragment of an abnormal outgrowth is taken for histological, cytological, biochemical and microbiological examination. This is necessary to exclude the diagnosis of a cancerous process, to identify pathogens in a purulent process.

Treatment

Medical

Therapy of cystic nodes in the nose with drugs does not lead to a cure for the pathology, since the cyst in the nose cannot dissolve or disappear under the influence of pharmacological and folk remedies. But medicines eliminate inflammation in sinusitis, slow down the process of growth of anomalies.

Main drug groups:

Antibiotics necessary for the microbial process: Azithromycin, Amoxiclav-solutab, Suprax, Macropen.
Sprays and drops that kill pathogenic flora: Bioparox, Sialor, Isofra, Framinazin, Polydex.
Mucolytics that increase the fluidity of mucus and its outflow: Fluditec, Nazol, Rinofluimucil, Leconil, Mucodin, Oxymetazoline.
Antihistamine sprays and drops for hypersensitivity to allergens: swelling, inflammation: Allergodil, Tizin-Allergy, Zodak, Vibrocil.
Moisturizing aerosols: Dolphin, Vivasan, Aquamaris, Salin, Aqualor, Humer.
Glucocorticoid nasal sprays - Flixonase, Nasonex, Baconase, Fluticasone - are powerful agents for suppressing swelling and inflammation.

Surgical Techniques

Excision of the cyst in the sinuses is prescribed for growths of more than 8 - 10 mm, severe symptoms, purulent process.

Sometimes they resort to puncturing the cystic capsule, which is not considered a surgical intervention. The procedure is carried out by piercing the cyst and drawing out its contents with a syringe under local anesthesia. However, this method provides only temporary relief. In the future, the capsule is again filled with liquid.

To completely eliminate the pathology, surgical care is needed to avoid complete filling of the sinus with an abnormal formation and severe consequences.

Traditionally used methods:

Operation Caldwell-Luc

This classic method is used to remove . The technique of radical maxillary sinusotomy involves the introduction of instruments through the opening under the lip in the mouth. The operation allows you to remove deeply localized nodes without the use of expensive complex tools and equipment.

The main disadvantages of the technique, which is considered obsolete, include:

damage to the mucous, submucosal and bone tissue;
the need for general anesthesia, bleeding, soreness;
long-term hospital stay (up to 7-10 days);
cicatricial wound healing, adhesive processes;
frequent postoperative development of sinusitis, rhinitis, long-term discharge from the nose, numbness of the cheeks, lips, loss of sensitivity.

laser removal

With this technique, a laser LED is inserted into the oral cavity through an incision under the lip, which destroys the abnormal outgrowth, while disinfecting the cavity and completely stopping the bleeding.

The method is rarely used, since it can be used to “evaporate” only small (up to 4 mm) knots with a laser. And most importantly, the access of the laser head to the location of the cyst requires the same manipulations as with the Caldwell-Luc method.

Endoscopic surgery

The method of treating cysts of the paranasal sinuses using an endoscope with a video camera is considered the most sparing today. To remove the node, the instruments are inserted through the physiological openings - the nasal passage and fistula, without making any incisions or punctures.

Advantages:

No tissue damage during the procedure.
Fast healing without adhesions and scars.
Accurate manipulations in the working field thanks to video surveillance using a camera.
Rare complications and relapses of repeated cyst formations.
Short time spent in the hospital (1-2 days) and the possibility of performing the operation on an outpatient basis.
The most comfortable and safe method in pediatrics.
The possibility of using local anesthesia.

If symptoms of a pathology such as a cyst in the nose appear, contact a specialist without delay.