If you have vision problems. Five common misconceptions. Vision deteriorates due to increased eye strain

Medical center of the highest category AILAZ

To paraphrase a well-known expression, alas, old age, all organs are submissive - this is true, and the eyes are no exception. Over the years, age-related cataracts or retinal dystrophy can affect the eyes ... To avoid loss of vision or other possible threats, you should be regularly examined by an ophthalmologist - this is the only way to protect your eyes.

There are such visual diseases as, for example, an acute attack of glaucoma - when the clock counts: the earlier you go to the doctor, the more chances you have to save your eyesight. So, what are the signs of visual impairment that can cause the greatest danger?

1. A sharp deterioration in vision in one eye

If you have already crossed the 60th anniversary and if you have at least one of the listed diseases: myopia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, there is a high risk that the loss of vision is caused by vascular disorders. In this case, emergency medical assistance is needed - contact a doctor as soon as possible!

2. Sensation before the eyes of a black curtain that covers some part of the field of view

This is a formidable symptom that is often observed with retinal detachment. Here, as in the previous case, the sooner treatment is started, the more likely it is to keep the eyes healthy.

3. Sharp pain in the eye, redness, blurred vision, there may be nausea, vomiting

This can lead to an attack of angle-closure glaucoma. Intraocular pressure rises sharply, and this can damage the optic nerve. It is urgent to reduce intraocular pressure - up to surgical treatment. This will not go away on its own - you need to see a doctor.

4. Gradual or abrupt narrowing of the field of view

If your field of vision gradually narrows, over time you will be able to see only what is located directly in front of you. This is called "tubular" vision and may indicate glaucoma: narrowing of the field of view due to damage to the optic nerve is just one of its main symptoms. Treatment is also needed here, otherwise vision will deteriorate.

Glaucoma is an insidious disease and often patients are unaware of its existence. On the website of the medical center AILAZ You will find glaucoma self-diagnosis questionnaire .

5. Gradual deterioration of central vision, blurring, blurring of the image (straight lines look wavy, curved)

This may indicate a disease of the central region of the retina - the macula, which, in fact, is responsible for normal vision. This disease has an age-related character - older people are often susceptible to it. Glasses do not help, without treatment, vision is steadily declining. Today, there are many treatment options depending on the form of macular degeneration.

Another reason for a sudden decrease in vision is a retinal tear in the central zone. If you do not immediately contact an ophthalmologist and start treatment, vision can hardly be restored.

6. When everything is in front of the eyes, as if in a fog, the brightness and contrast of vision decrease

So, cataracts can develop, causing clouding of the lens. In this case, vision falls gradually, up to the ability to only distinguish light. Here we are talking about a planned surgical intervention - removal of a cataract followed by implantation of an artificial lens. At the same time, it is worth seeing an ophthalmologist, because sometimes a cataract causes intraocular pressure, and this is an indication for urgent surgical treatment. In addition, cataracts cause the lens to enlarge and harden, which can make it difficult to remove - another reason to visit the eye doctor regularly: to save time.

Modern technologies make it possible to remove a cataract and replace it with a transparent artificial lens painlessly and in a matter of minutes. Do not endure the discomfort of blurry vision. Decide on an examination and surgery.

7. Dark spots, partial cloudiness, feeling of fog or veil before the eyes

If a patient suffers from diabetes, the likelihood of eye damage is quite high, and the longer the experience of diabetes, the more likely changes in the eye. Regular visits to an ophthalmologist are a must. If necessary, the ophthalmologist will prescribe a comprehensive treatment: not only appropriate medications, but often laser treatment as well. Timely treatment will allow you to save your vision.

8. Burning sensation, sand in the eyes, sensation of a foreign body, lacrimation, or, conversely, a feeling of dryness

This is a typical description of dry eye syndrome, the symptoms of which can worsen with age. As a rule, this disease does not cause a particular danger to vision, but a severe degree of dry eye syndrome can cause some pathological conditions. An experienced ophthalmologist will conduct the necessary examination and prescribe moisturizing drops.

On the website of the medical center AILAZ you will find self-diagnosis questionnaire for dry eye syndrome .

9. When the image doubles

When seeing double, there may be several reasons, and this is not necessarily a "visual" problem. The reason for this may be intoxication, vascular disorders, diseases of the nervous system, pathology of the endocrine system. If double vision appears, it is better to immediately be examined by several doctors: a therapist, an ophthalmologist, a neurologist and an endocrinologist.

10. Floaters before the eyes

As a rule, floating spots, threads, "spiders" before the eyes are caused by the destruction of the vitreous body. This is due to age-related changes in its structure and does not cause danger. With age, the vitreous body loses its density, liquefies and does not fit as tightly to the retina as before. When its fibers stick together and lose their transparency, they cast a shadow on the retina and are perceived as defects in the visual field. This is clearly visible on a white background: snow, a sheet of paper. Destruction of the vitreous body can be caused by arterial hypertension, cervical osteochondrosis, diabetes mellitus, trauma to the head, eyes and nose.

At the same time, a spot that suddenly appeared before the eyes, a “curtain”, may be the result of a serious pathology that requires surgical treatment, for example, hemorrhage in the retina or vitreous body. In the event that symptoms appear suddenly, in one day, immediately consult an ophthalmologist.

No. Exercise helps, but not much.

Refractive errors (nearsightedness, farsightedness, astigmatism) are only corrected with the help of exercises. These diseases have many causes, including genetic ones. It is impossible to cure this with complexes alone. Treating short-sightedness.

Exercise is a good way to relieve muscle tension and get rid of headaches, dry eyes, and other symptoms of overwork. Exercise improves blood flow to the retina and helps exercise the eye muscles.

Vladimir Zolotarev, ophthalmologist, head of Essilor Academy Russia

Look out the window at objects that are far away.
Move your eyes in different directions.
blink.

Such simple tasks do not strain, you do not need to specially allocate time for them in the schedule. It is enough to take a break from hard work every two hours. But even this is not possible for everyone.

In case of retinal detachment or recovery after eye surgery, active stimulation of blood circulation can lead to visual impairment. In addition, exercises are not recommended for inflammatory diseases of the eyes, so that along with tear fluid and other secretions, the infection does not get to healthy tissues.
Vladimir Zolotarev

To correct refractive errors, glasses, lenses, medications, and surgery must be used in conjunction with exercises.

Myth 2. Glasses only make things worse.

Not true. Supporters of this myth believe that if you do not give the eyes a load and make life easier with the help of glasses, then the eyes will “relax” and vision problems will increase.

The myth comes from the incomplete correction technique popular in previous years. In the past, ophthalmologists believed that if you wear weak glasses and spend a lot of time without them, this will help train your eyes and improve vision.

Rano Ibragimova, ophthalmologist, Essilor Academy Russia specialist

Because of this approach, many are afraid to change glasses to stronger ones, put children in the first desk, take glasses only for special occasions, and for the rest of the time they prefer to strain their eyes painfully, trying to train them like that.

Practice has shown that this approach not only does not stop the progression of myopia, but can even provoke it due to excessive tension of the eye muscles.
Rano Ibragimova

If it's time to correct your vision, pick up glasses and do not aggravate the condition.

And sunglasses are useful even for those who do not have vision problems. Ultraviolet leads to the development of cataracts and age-related maculopathy, so wear filter glasses on sunny days in both summer and winter. Glasses do not have to be black. The main thing is that they filter UV-A and UV-B radiation.

Myth 3. You need to eat carrots and blueberries.

Life hacker why carrots won't save your eyes. Indeed, without vitamins A and C, vision begins to deteriorate. Therefore, carrots with carotenes (precursors of vitamin A) and vitamin C are useful. But to bring yourself to beriberi, you need to try hard.

Blueberries contain lutein and vitamins, but no one can say with certainty how many of them there are and how much you can absorb. The same story with other foods that are good for the eyes: green leafy vegetables (they also have lutein), legumes, salmon.

In general, diet affects vision in unexpected ways. For example, obesity increases the risk of developing glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy (because excess weight is associated with type 2 diabetes).

Myth 4. Modern screens do not damage vision.

Although now with screens is still better than before, the eyes still suffer. Why exactly - Vladimir Zolotarev explained: “The principle of operation of all gadgets, except for books with electronic ink, is as follows: they emit rays of the visible spectrum, thanks to which we see the image on the screen. This spectrum includes short-wavelength blue-violet rays, which are most dangerous to the eyes. They scatter in the structures of the eye, thereby having a negative impact on the quality of vision and worsening the contrast of the image.

Prolonged exposure to this light causes symptoms of visual fatigue: blurred vision and eye strain, eye redness, pain in the brow ridges, and can subsequently lead to damage to the retina.”

That is, whatever one may say, even the most modern screens harm us. Fans of books (regular and electronic) have fewer problems. But even these people must stop reading to look out the window.

Myth 5. Perforated glasses will help restore vision.

If you put on black glasses with many small holes, the image in front of your eyes will be clearer, that is, your vision will temporarily improve slightly.

With the direct use of these glasses, the clarity of vision increases due to the fact that through the many holes in the dark plates, focused beams of light enter the retina.
Rano Ibragimova

Unfortunately, this is not enough. As Rano Ibragimova notes, there is still little convincing scientific evidence to judge the therapeutic effect of these glasses. It is better to give preference to lenses that block blue-violet light.

Myth 6. As long as I can see normally, I don’t need to see a doctor.

Myopia and farsightedness are not the most terrible visual impairments, especially if they do not progress. Much more dangerous is retinal detachment or glaucoma - diseases that do not make themselves felt for a long time or are manifested by symptoms that do not seem fatal.

For example, signs of impairment may include blurred vision, pain in the eyes, headache and profuse flow of tears, as well as a desire to reduce the usual distance from the eyes to a book or monitor.
Vladimir Zolotarev

These signs are a reason to see a doctor and examine your vision. According to WHO, 80% of all visual impairments are preventable. But for this you need to regularly visit the doctor and evaluate your condition. Regularly means about once a year.

Decreased vision can occur due to age, due to infectious diseases or hereditary factors. With a decrease in visual acuity, wearing corrective lenses (glasses or contact lenses), as well as treatment with various conservative and surgical methods, is indicated. If you suspect that your vision is deteriorating, it is important to see a doctor in time.

Steps

How to identify symptoms of decreased visual acuity

Notice if you are squinting. You may be squinting your eyes to get a better look at something. People with poor eyesight often have various pathologies of the shape of the eyeballs, the structure of the lens or cornea is disturbed. These disturbances block the light beam from reaching the retina properly, resulting in a fuzzy image. When a person squints, he narrows the beam of light, which increases the clarity of vision.

Pay attention to headaches. Headaches can be caused by eye strain, which in turn is caused by stress and high visual load. Increased eye strain often occurs while driving a car, working at a computer, watching TV for a long time, reading and other activities.

Look out for double vision (diplopia). Diplopia is two images of the same object. Double vision can occur in one eye or both. Diplopia may be due to an irregular shape of the cornea or diseases such as cataracts and astigmatism.

Note the appearance of halos. A halo is a bright circle surrounding a light source (most often a car headlight). Usually such halos appear in the dark (for example, at night or in a dark room). Halos can be caused by nearsightedness, farsightedness, cataracts, astigmatism, and presbyopia.

Pay attention to different highlights. Glare is caused by a light source directed into the eyes, which spoils the perception of the image. Glare usually occurs during the daytime and can be due to nearsightedness, farsightedness, cataracts, astigmatism, or presbyopia.

Notice blurry and blurry vision. Blurring and loss of visual acuity affects the clarity of vision. Blurred vision can occur in one eye or both. This is the main symptom of myopia.

Note night blindness (gameralopia). Gameralopia is a disturbance of vision at night or in a dark room. This condition is usually aggravated when a person leaves a bright street light and enters a dark room. Night blindness can be caused by cataracts, myopia, exposure to various medications, vitamin A deficiency, retinal defects, and congenital anomalies.

Find out if you are farsighted. Farsightedness is the blurry vision of objects at close range. The cause of farsightedness is a shortening of the eyeball or insufficient curvature of the cornea.

Identify the symptoms of astigmatism. Astigmatism occurs when the light beam does not hit the retina properly. Astigmatism causes objects to become blurry and elongated. The reason is the wrong shape of the cornea.

Look out for signs of presbyopia (senile vision). Usually this disease develops at an older age (after 35 years). With this disease, it is difficult to focus on an object and see it clearly and clearly. Presbyopia is caused by the loss of flexibility of the lens and its thickening.

See a doctor

Get tested. Visual impairment can be diagnosed with several tests and a complete eye examination. This study includes several aspects:

Ophthalmic tests are designed to determine visual acuity. One of them goes as follows: the patient is placed at a distance of several meters in front of a special tablet in which letters are written in rows. In each line, the letters are different in size. The largest letters are located on the top line, and the smallest - on the last. With the help of such a test, the doctor checks your distance vision (depending on the line that you see and can read correctly)
Another part of the survey is determining the color spectrum that you see.
Take a cover test to assess your binocular vision. This test measures how well you see with both eyes. Your doctor will ask you to focus on a small object with one eye while covering the other eye. With this test, the doctor will be able to understand whether the eye has to reorient its gaze in order to see the object. If you really have to change focus in order to see the subject, you may have lazy eye syndrome, that is, the eye is very tired.
Test to check the condition of the eyeball. To determine the condition of the eyes, the doctor will conduct a special test with light. You will be asked to place your chin on a special stand and look through a small hole in the apparatus through which the light will go. This test is necessary to examine the outer part of the eye (conjunctiva, cornea, iris), as well as the internal structure of the eye (retina and optic nerve).

Get tested for glaucoma. Glaucoma is an eye disease characterized by increased intraocular pressure and can lead to complete loss of vision. Glaucoma is tested by injecting a small amount of air into the eye and measuring intraocular pressure.

For examination, you need to expand the pupils. This is required for many tests. To dilate the pupils, you need to put special drops in your eyes. This is done when screening for diabetes, high blood pressure, macular degeneration, and glaucoma.

Wait for the test results. A comprehensive eye examination takes about 1-2 hours. The results of most tests are reported immediately after the examination, but the doctor may prescribe additional studies. If you are scheduled for an additional examination, ask your doctor about the time of the examination.

Find out if you need glasses. Testing is carried out by determining refraction. The doctor will offer several options for lenses, and you will need to choose those in which you see objects most clearly. This test measures the severity of nearsightedness, farsightedness, presbyopia, and astigmatism.

Treatment

Wear glasses. Vision problems are primarily associated with the inability of the eye to focus beams of light on the retina. The lenses are able to redirect the beam of light so that it properly hits the retina.

Wear contact lenses. Contact lenses are small lenses that are placed directly in front of your eyes. They "float" on the surface of the cornea.

There are many options available today. For example, for many, daily lenses (that is, disposables) are the best option, while others prefer to wear reusable lenses.
Many manufacturers produce contact lenses in different shades, designed for different types of eyes. Please consult with your ophthalmologist to choose the right lenses for you.

Vision can be corrected with the help of surgical methods of treatment. Glasses and contact lenses are a conservative method of vision correction, but today surgical methods have become very popular and widespread. There are several types of surgery, but the most common are laser correction LASIK (LASIK) and PRK.

Find out if you need drug therapy. In most cases, farsightedness, myopia, presbyopia and astigmatism are not treated with medication. If you have been diagnosed with a more serious condition, your doctor will prescribe medication (eye drops or tablets). If you still decide to resort to surgical methods of treatment, contact an ophthalmologist for more detailed information.

If you feel that your vision is deteriorating, do not delay - consult a doctor as soon as possible.
Stick to your doctor's advice.
Learn as much as you can about your condition.
If surgery is the best option, ask your doctor about the timing and recovery period.
If your doctor recommends conservative treatments, learn about the side effects of medications.
Check your eyes regularly. It is recommended that you have your eyes checked every 2-3 years if you are under 50. If you are over 50, you should have your eyes checked every year.
It is important to learn about your genetic predisposition. The sooner you can detect signs of vision loss, the better.
Stick to a healthy diet. Include in your diet foods that contain nutrients that are essential for eye health. For example, foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins C and E. In addition, foods such as cabbage and spinach have a positive effect on eye health.
Take care of your eyes. Always carry sunglasses with you. Umbrellas will also help protect your eyes from the harmful effects of the sun's ultraviolet rays.

Warnings

Take into account any health problems you have. In some cases, decreased vision is associated with other medical problems.
Find out if you have more serious diseases that affect vision: neurological disorders, diabetes, autoimmune diseases (myasthenia gravis, and so on).
Do not drive or operate any mechanical devices if you suspect you have vision problems.

What will you need, Portugues: Perceber se Sua Visao Está Desgastada, Deutsch: Feststellen, ob deine Sehkraft nachlässt, Francais: savoir si votre vue baisse Bahasa Indonesia: Mengetahui jika Mata Anda Memburuk

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The eyes are the most highly developed sensory organs of the body. In fact, a much larger portion of the brain is dedicated to seeing, not hearing, tasting, touching, or smelling combined! We tend to take vision for granted. But when vision problems appear, most of us will do everything in our power to restore normal vision.

The most common forms of visual impairment are refraction errors is how light rays are focused inside the eye so that images can be transmitted to the brain. Nearsightedness, farsightedness and astigmatism are examples of refractive errors.

Other vision problems may be related to eye disease.
Retinal detachment, macular degeneration, cataracts and glaucoma are dysfunctions of the eye and its processing units. These problems can lead to blurry or defective vision.

Treatment goals depend on the disease and may include restoring vision, slowing vision loss, and preserving remaining vision.

Description of common vision problems

Nearsightedness and farsightedness

Nearsightedness and farsightedness are related to how the eye focuses images on the back of the eyeball, where 10 layers of thin neural tissue make up the retina. Images that are out of focus on the retina appear blurry. The farther images are focused from the retina, the blurrier they appear.

Nearsightedness or myopia affects almost 30% of the population. This is the result of images being focused in front of the retina rather than on it, so distant objects appear blurry. A nearsighted person whose vision is not corrected holds a book close to their eyes when reading and must sit in the front in a classroom or in a movie theater to see clearly.

Myopia has the same distribution among men and women, usually manifests itself in childhood and stabilizes by the age of twenty.

Farsightedness, or hyperopia, is the opposite of nearsightedness.
The hyperopic eye focuses images slightly behind the retina, blurring nearby objects.

as they grow older and when the eyeball becomes an adult size. Did you know that eyes grow during childhood? The length of the eye (from front to back) lengthens by almost a third by the age of five.

Astigmatism

Light rays entering the eye first cross the transparent cornea. Surprisingly, nearly two-thirds of the eye's focusing power is along its anterior surface (tear film or cornea). A normal cornea should have a hemispherical contour.

This allows the eye to create one focused image. If the central cornea is not symmetrical, we say that it is "astigmatic".
Astigmatism, often associated with nearsightedness or farsightedness, occurs when the transparent cornea has a non-circular curvature - more like a teaspoon.
Because of this, the eye does not have a single center of focus. People with astigmatism may have in which some objects appear clear while others appear blurry.

The next time you're holding some shiny silver, compare your reflection in a soup spoon to your reflection in a teaspoon - that's astigmatism! Astigmatism is usually present from birth, but sometimes it is not recognized later in life. In most cases, astigmatism is completely curable. In addition, it changes little over time.

Presbyopia

Close vision requires focus. The power of near focusing decreases throughout life. Presbyopia is blurry vision at a normal reading distance in a person with normal distance vision (with or without glasses). It occurs when the eye develops insufficient focusing power for reading and other tasks.

Presbyopia usually starts around at the age of forty and is the reason why most older people rely on reading glasses. Bifocal glasses allow the wearer to see both near and far objects clearly.

Retinal detachment

Visible beams of light form images that reach the brain. To do this, the retina converts the light signal into a nerve impulse. Think of the retina as the silky wallpaper that lines the inside of the eyeball. However, unlike wallpaper, there is no glue here.

Small holes may develop in areas where the retina is exceptionally thin or damaged.
If this happens, the clear glassy fluid that fills the eye can seep behind the retina and cause the wallpaper to peel off. This is retinal detachment.

Although retinal detachment is not painful, it needs urgent medical attention. If the retina is not reattached to the wall of the eye quickly, retinal cells may atrophy and permanent blindness may result.

moderate or extreme myopia;
Previous eye surgery or trauma;
Previous retinal detachment;
Inherited thinness of retinal tissue.

color blindness

Color blindness is most often a disorder of the light-sensitive photoreceptor cells in the retina that respond to different colored light rays.

Exists:

Cones work best in bright light;
Sticks work best in low light.

Each photoreceptor produces pigments that respond to specific colors of light.
Color vision is affected if these pigments are missing or defective, or if they respond to incorrect wavelengths.

You've probably seen how paints are mixed in a hardware store. Color vision works in much the same way because visible light is a mixture of different light rays (wavelengths).

Color perception problems are much more common in men, affecting 8% of the male population. Women tend to be "carriers". It also happens (very rarely) that a person sees only shades of gray.

night blindness

Night blindness - difficulty seeing in dim light - occurs when photoreceptor cells begin to deteriorate.

There are many different forms of night blindness, but it can be:

liver disorder;
Vitamin A deficiency;
an inherited retinal disease such as retinitis pigmentosa;
Cataract.

Eye strain

Eye strain may simply be from overuse of the eyes for a long period of time. Voltage- Discomfort, which can also be caused by an irreparable refractive problem.

This common vision problem can occur while performing remote visual activities such as driving or watching a movie, or during close-up tasks such as reading and using a computer.

Headache;
Pain in the eyebrow area;
eye fatigue;
Pulling sensation.

The tension quickly disappears if the eyes are allowed to rest or the problem of refraction is resolved. Focusing for a long time can cause eye fatigue, such as working at a computer for hours.

Children have a much more flexible focusing ability. How often do you hear a child complain about eyestrain while playing video games?

If you wear glasses, repetitive eye strain may be a sign that you need new glasses. Eye exercises or resting the eyes every hour helps reduce eyestrain, especially when working with computers.

What is poor vision?

This is a very generalized characteristic, indicating an inability to clearly see and distinguish objects and objects, to estimate the distance to them. The inability to perform everyday activities, read and write, and in very advanced cases even move in space without outside help.

Reduced visual acuity affects the quality of human life. The severity of the negative consequences is in direct proportion to the magnitude of the deterioration in the ability to see.

Risk group

All age categories and social strata are subject to eye function disorders, but the main backbone of potential patients in ophthalmological rooms are people who, by occupation, experience significant visual stress: working at a computer, with chemical reagents and reagents, serious light differences (for example, welders).

Statistical studies in this area suggest that people under the age of 15 and over 50 are at risk, with a high degree of probability, and the percentage of patients is higher in developing countries. Aging of the body and changes in the visual apparatus cause another 65% of cases of diagnosing ailments.

A special place is occupied by eye diseases in children, they are dangerous because they develop rapidly and can cause serious disorders of visual function, but fortunately, thanks to the level of technology in the field of ophthalmology, they can be treated.

Is visual impairment inevitable in old age?

Unfortunately, age-related changes in the eyes against the background of wear and tear of the body cannot be ignored. This becomes noticeable after a person reaches 40 years of age. Visual loads remain at the same level, but organs and tissues no longer recover as quickly as before, due to a general slowdown in metabolic processes. The eyes, being an organ that is sensitive to these changes, do not perform the functions assigned to them by 100%, and this serves as an inciting factor for the manifestation of symptoms and the development of various disorders and diseases.

Types of vision problems

Before considering deviations in the normal functioning of the eyes, one should understand how the image is formed on the retina, and what kind of vision is considered poor. Focusing of the visual image or otherwise accommodation is carried out by refraction of the incoming light through the lens (a phenomenon called refraction), due to a change in curvature. The ciliary muscle surrounding it is responsible for the transformation of the geometric shape of the natural lens of the eye. Improper functioning of the ligament of these two organs of the eye leads to the development of the following pathologies:

farsightedness (hypermetropia);
myopia (myopia);
violations of the curvature of the cornea (astigmatism);
"senile vision", i.e. inability to see small objects and type up close (presbyopia);
strabismus;
"lazy eye", the exclusion by the brain of one of the visual organs from the process of obtaining binocular vision (amblyopia);
"flies before the eyes" and others;

It would not be superfluous to say that the listed ailments can be combined with each other, causing a sharper and more significant decrease in visual acuity. They are also provoked by injuries, not only of the organ of vision, but also by bruises of the brain or past infectious diseases.

In addition to the physiological reasons for the development of accommodation, there are a number of psychological factors, for example, an unconscious effort to examine an object causes an overstrain of the eye muscle, which leads to degradation.

How can I find out if my vision is impaired?

First of all, you need to listen to your feelings. Are you comfortable doing your usual activities? Can you clearly see objects and inscriptions at different distances? Is there a feeling of a veil before the eyes? If you notice deviations, which are the first signs of upcoming problems, you should immediately contact a specialized specialist for a complete and comprehensive examination.

Symptoms

Blurry vision of the same objects at different levels of illumination, narrowing of the visual field, geometric distortion of objects, pain in the eyes caused by overwork, developing into a headache, a feeling of extraneous mote or dryness of the eye are just a small part of the possible symptoms that signal vision problems. Any deviations from the norm that cause discomfort require an urgent appeal to an ophthalmologist.

In what diseases can a person see poorly up close?

The medical name for this condition is hypermetropia. Consequences of violation of accommodation, i.e. the inability of the eye to focus properly on objects due to the aging of the lens. Reduced vision at a short distance due to the development of the following pathologies:

retinal detachment;
damage to the site of the photosensitive membrane, where the bulk of the photoreceptors is concentrated, otherwise referred to as macular degeneration;
ruptures of the tissues of the eye and vitreous body;
diabetes, namely retinopathy. Causing fragility of blood vessels and capillaries that feed the structure of the eye, and as a result, a violation of its blood supply.

Causes of poor vision at close distances

Age-related changes occurring in the body are in this case a fundamental factor. The progression of diseases is observed in persons who have crossed the 40-year mark. Due to the slowdown in metabolic processes, the organs of vision begin to age intensively, the cornea loses its elasticity and is unable to refract and focus light normally.

Similar pathologies are often recorded in children, but in this case they are due to physiological growth processes, and, as a rule, disappear after the formation of eye tissues.

Possible Complications

Depending on the type of disease, the stage of its course and the success of the methods of treatment used, it is possible to completely stop the process of visual impairment or at least slow it down for a long time. Untimely adoption of measures, in the end, leads to a complete loss of the ability to see.

What to do if you have poor eyesight

The first step should be to visit the ophthalmologist's office. Only a specialist can reliably establish the nature of the disease and prescribe adequate therapy. After a comprehensive study and a series of analyzes, a strategy is developed to combat the disease, and appropriate recommendations are issued.

Treatment for poor vision

The choice of method of correction depends on the opinion of the doctor. Only after determining and making a diagnosis, they begin to carry out certain measures designed to improve the situation and solve the problem.

General Approach

The most common way to eliminate visual impairments that have arisen. It is based on the principle of optical correction, by prescribing glasses and contact lenses. It is important to know that here we are not talking about the healing of the disease, but only about the correction, which gives the patient the opportunity to feel comfortable in the surrounding reality.

Surgical treatment

The now popular correction with a laser beam allows you to quickly and painlessly return impaired vision to normal, and practically does not have a rehabilitation period. The only thing to consider for the intervention is the complete absence of contraindications. Therefore, before resorting to the method, you need to undergo a complete examination and get an ophthalmologist's referral for surgery.

Such methods of prevention, we note not treatment, include various diets, exercises, massages and meditations designed to relieve tension and eye fatigue, strengthen the muscles of the visual apparatus. They also include the use of glasses with perforations, changing the field of view and virtually eliminating the peripheral, thereby unloading the visual apparatus, but at the same time nullify binocular perception.

Prevention

In order for eye problems to affect you as late as possible and to a lesser extent, you must follow simple rules:

always read in sufficient light, thereby significantly reducing the load on the visual apparatus;
when working at a computer, take fifteen minute pauses every hour, try to spend less time at the monitor, it is advisable to use special glasses;
reduce or completely eliminate alcohol, caffeine, starch and flour from your diet;
do not neglect sun glasses on clear days;
Eat more eye-friendly foods that are high in vitamins A, K, and zinc (grapefruit, carrots, and especially blueberries).

Poor eyesight and childbirth

Future mothers with eye pathologies, expressed in the need to wear glasses with a power of six or more diopters, must necessarily consult with the attending gynecologist and ophthalmologist about the possibility of giving birth on their own. In view of the high risks of loss of the ability to see, caused by exertion during attempts, natural delivery is contraindicated. In such situations, a caesarean section is used.

Poor vision as a social problem

Pathologies of the visual apparatus have long ceased to be the personal difficulties of the patient, because people with impaired eye function cause accidents at work and transport, and the visually impaired themselves endanger their lives, trying to get along in conditions that are not adapted for this. People with poor eyesight are constantly in a state of stress, which negatively affects mental health.

How do people with poor eyesight live?

With a decrease in the ability to see, the quality of life of patients also deteriorates. The implementation of previously accessible and common actions in the new conditions causes certain difficulties, and sometimes even the rejection of them. If you lose your eyesight significantly, you can lose your job, your usual circle of friends, etc.

Considering this aspect, it is important to understand that a person with pathologies of the visual apparatus needs the support of relatives and friends more than ever. To make life easier in the new conditions, it would be advisable to use assistive devices, such as magnifying glasses. And we must not forget that the remaining health of the eyes is still worth fighting for, for this it is necessary to work closely with the ophthalmologist.

vision loss

It seems that a person who has lost the ability to see has turned off the light. This is a serious psychological trauma. Such a patient needs to be surrounded by attention and care, to create comfortable living conditions, not to be left alone with the difficulties that have arisen. Indeed, for him now the main sense of receiving information has become hearing, so talk more, develop your own, understandable system of sound alerts and beacons. If necessary, involve a psychologist for therapy.

Restrictions for the visually impaired

Visually impaired people cannot quickly navigate in the world around them, therefore they are not able to perform work associated with significant visual loads, requiring attentiveness and speed in making control decisions (operators of the control panel, dispatchers), on precise mechanisms with a large number of control levers and switches.

Bad eyesight is not a sentence!

In the case of a strong deterioration in the work of the eyes, you do not need to despair and give up, it is worth fighting for them. It is necessary to solve the problems that have arisen in close contact with the ophthalmologist, the doctor will determine the adequate treatment and give recommendations on a preventive set of classes and exercises, changing the diet, and, if necessary, life principles. Yes, you may have to leave your former place of work, profession, but the existing rehabilitation programs will allow you to adapt to the new conditions.