The Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is located in the north of Western Siberia in the lower reaches of the Ob River. In the north it is washed by the Kara Sea. On the map of the YNAO, the Yamal Peninsula is clearly pronounced, its eastern coast is washed by one of the largest bays in the Arctic - the Gulf of Ob, about 800 km long. Half of the territory of the district is located beyond the Arctic Circle, which means that there are polar days and polar nights here.
The area of the YaNAO is 769,250 sq. km, it is occupied mainly by plains and is pitted with the channels of such rivers as the Ob, Pur, Nadym and Taz.
The development of the northern lands began in the 60s of the last century, and thanks to the rich natural resources, the region grew and developed rapidly. Oil and natural gas are extracted here and transported to other regions of the country. To this day, these places attract people with high salaries, harsh winter romance and beauty. The indigenous population is the Nenets (Samoyeds), and many tribes continue to live the same way as many years ago. They lead a nomadic life, are engaged in reindeer herding, hunting and fishing.
Salekhard (Nenets. "city on the cape") - the administrative center of the YNAO. It is not the largest city in the region. In terms of population, it is inferior to the cities of Novy Urengoy and Noyabrsk.
The climate of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is severe. Winter lasts 8 months with snowstorms, fogs, and the temperature can drop to -60 C. Summer is unusually warm, but short. Here, magnetic storms cause one of the most beautiful natural phenomena - the northern lights.
Despite the cold, the region is visited by many tourists. They tend to visit the northernmost reserve in Russia - Gydansky - which has preserved the culture of the local population, go on an ethnographic tour or go in for skiing. Water sports lovers go down the stormy mountain rivers, try their hand at fishing and enjoy the harsh northern beauty.
Note to the tourist
Gulrypsh - holiday destination for celebrities
There is an urban-type settlement Gulrypsh on the Black Sea coast of Abkhazia, the appearance of which is closely connected with the name of the Russian philanthropist Nikolai Nikolaevich Smetsky. In 1989, due to the illness of his wife, they needed to change the climate. Case decided the case.There is simply no unified road network in the YaNAO. The development of the district took place in patches, therefore, in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug on the map of Russia, roads are also concentrated in separate “foci”. A significant part of the available roads are seasonal and unpaved. Winter roads, even in winter, are not always open to motor vehicles.
The scheme of road and railway tracks in reality and on the satellite map of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is gradually changing. A plan is being implemented in the region to create a network of reference all-weather roads with a hard surface (asphalt, concrete). Among other things, it is planned to lay roads that will connect the polar regions of the district with the "mainland".
The development of the railway network is carried out by the Yamal Railway Company, the main shareholders of which are the administration of the YaNAO, Sevtyumentransput and the Sverdlovsk Railway.
Partially built railway lines:
- line from Obskaya to Nadym via Salekhard;
- line Korotchaevo - Igarka;
- line Polunochnaya - Obskaya-2.
Parts of all lines are in operation, all three need completion and partial restoration. The completion of the railway to Obskaya-2 has been suspended due to insufficient confidence in the feasibility of laying.
Large cities and towns of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug
On the map of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug with districts, one can count a dozen and a half settlements with a population of over 5,000 people and seven municipal districts. The population of Salekhard, the administrative center, does not reach 50 thousand people. In two cities of the YNAO, the population is twice as large: in Noyabrsk (about 107 thousand people) and Novy Urengoy (about 115 thousand people).
When people in Central Russia suffer from unbearable heat, the people of Yamal enjoy the cold. Despite the harsh weather conditions, very kind people live here, who gave this place its name. They call the Yamal Peninsula “Edge of the Earth”, because that is how its name sounds in translation from the Nenets.
History of cold Yamal
The first mention of the Yamal land dates back to the 11th century, but Novgorod merchants managed to get there even earlier. Their references to the northern lands were fantastic. Travelers talked about squirrels and deer that fell to the ground like raindrops from clouds. It was from this moment that the popularity of Yamal began to grow.
In order to finally conquer the rich northern lands, Tsar Fedor sent a campaign in 1592. A few years later, a Cossack detachment created a fortification, called Obdorsk. Today everyone knows this place as Salekhard - the city that is the capital of the Yamalo-Nenets district. After the northern lands were conquered and passed to Russia, the rapid growth of the power of this state began.
Russia, Yamal Peninsula. Location
The northernmost and coldest peninsula of Russia is located on the territory of the Yamal-Nenets district. It ranks fourth in size, washed by the Kara Sea from three sides, as well as by the bays of the Baydaratskaya and Obskaya bays. The last lip separates the main part of the mainland from the peninsula.
The flora here is represented only by tundra and forest-tundra areas. The flora consists of low-growing shrubs, mosses, trees, lichens and herbaceous plants. The flora and fauna here are very poor, but there are a lot of fish.
The peninsula is famous for its unsurpassed cold beauty and untrodden lands. Believe me, the sight is impressive. Guests from all over the country come here to look at this area. Impressions are sometimes so strong that people who come for six months decide to stay here forever.
Yamal is located beyond the Arctic Circle, which greatly affects its climate. Summer on the peninsula can be compared, rather, with a thaw, since the temperature is +6, although in the tundra in July it can reach 30 degrees Celsius.
The land on the peninsula is permafrost, where the tundra is represented as a swampy plain. There are a lot of small lakes in Yamal that are suitable for economic activity. Valuable species of salmon fish live here.
Now you know where the Yamal Peninsula is located.
The local climate greatly affects health. Of course, the northern people have their own diseases, such as frostbite of the upper part of the lungs.
Scientists have identified one very curious moment, which is directly related to the north. All people who have lived on the Yamal Peninsula for more than seven years have a dilated heart artery. This change affects the psychosomatic state of the individual, as a result of which a person becomes more hospitable, kinder, more responsive and affectionate. In such difficult conditions, it is impossible to survive by remaining a wolf, so there is nothing surprising in the changes.
Treasure of permafrost
Many people call the Yamal Peninsula a gas cylinder, but residents are not offended by this comic nickname. They only correct, saying that their Autonomous Okrug is the gas heart of Russia. There is really so much gas here that it even comes to the surface.
Photographs of a crater with a diameter of 60 meters were taken here. This natural phenomenon made this place famous, but did not surprise experts at all. Such funnels very often appear in permafrost, which contains a large supply of natural gas. The Yamal Peninsula is such a place. Photo of the famous funnel in front of you.
In the pre-war years, reindeer herding and fishing were considered the main sectors of the economy. The harvesting of furs increased rapidly. However, as soon as the district was formed, a completely new branch began to develop - crop production. People began to grow fodder root crops, potatoes and vegetables.
Administrative-territorial structure of the peninsula
The Autonomous Okrug includes:
6 urban settlements;
6 city districts;
36 rural settlements;
7 municipal districts.
Settlements of the Yamal Peninsula
Noyabrsk;
New Urengoy;
Gubkinsky;
Labytnangi;
Salekhard;
Tarko-Sale;
Muravlenko;
The largest settlements are:
1. New Port;
2. Yar-Sale;
3. Salemal;
4. Cape Stone;
5. Panaevsk;
Urban-type settlements:
Korotchaevo;
Pangody;
Limbayaha;
Tazovsky;
Urengoy;
Old Nadym.
The Yamal Peninsula is partially populated; full development is complicated by climatic conditions.
The population of the peninsula
For quite a long time, the district was practically deserted; only Khanty, Nenets and Selkup tribes lived here. They were engaged in hunting and reindeer herding and led a nomadic lifestyle.
The situation began to change from the 20th century, at that time the development of the natural resources of the district began and the population gradually began to increase.
Population:
1926 - 19,000 people;
1975 - 122,000;
2000 - 495,200 people;
2012 - 539,800;
National structure (percentage):
Selkups - 0.4;
Khanty - 1.9;
Nenets - 5.9;
Tatars - 5.6;
Other nationalities - 17.5;
Ukrainians - 9.7;
Russians - 61.7.
It should be noted that the Yamal Peninsula is the only subject of the Russian Federation where natural population growth has still been preserved. This fact takes place in all settlements, cities and regions.
The birth rate here is much higher than the national average, and the mortality rate is much lower. This is a very good indicator. The population is constantly increasing, and due to natural growth.
The Yamal Peninsula is a territory of permafrost and unsurpassed landscapes. This is an amazing land that will not leave anyone indifferent. Everyone who has ever visited Yamal will certainly come back here.
Today, Yamal is considered a stable, dynamically developing region. It is a solid foundation for socio-economic development, which is very important both for the northern regions and for the country as a whole.
| The subject of the Russian Federation: | Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug | Main official city (administrative): | Salekhard | Federal District: | Ural | Part of the national economy (economic region): | West Siberian | OKATO region code: | 71140000000 | Date of formation of the region: | December 10, 1930 | Population (thousand people): | 541.612 (2013) | Territory (thousand square kilometers): | 769,3 | Car registration plate (code): | 89 |
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There is a district in the Arctic zone of the West Siberian Plain. It is called YaNAO. It belongs to one of the regions of the Far North. It is currently located on the eastern slope of the Ural Range, beyond the Arctic Circle.
This subject of the Russian Federation is now located on the territory of the Tyumen region. The administrative, regional center of the district is Salekhard. The area of the Autonomous Okrug is 800,000 kilometers. It is several times larger than the entire territory of Spain or France. The Yamal Peninsula is the most extreme continental point, its location is shown on the map of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug with cities and towns.
The border is clearly marked on the map of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, it runs next to Yugra - Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, the Komi Republic, the Krasnoyarsk Territory. It is washed by the waters of the Kara Sea.
The climate is harsh continental. It is determined by the abundance of lakes, bays, rivers, the presence of permafrost and the proximity of the cold Kara Sea. Winter lasts quite a long time, more than six months. In summer, strong winds blow, sometimes snow falls.
The region occupies the leading place in Russia in terms of oil, hydrocarbon and natural gas reserves. On the map of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, deposits located on the territory of Urengoy, the Nakhodka Peninsula and in the Arctic Circle are marked.
