Personal values ​​are a reflection of our needs, desires, and all that we especially value in life. Values ​​are a huge driving force that can be seen as the guide by which we create our essence. Determining your values ​​will help you figure out what to strive for and what to avoid. This will allow you to navigate through life with a strong inner compass. And finally, in the most difficult situations, personal values ​​can serve as a reminder of what you really value. Thus, identifying them will help you stay true to yourself in any circumstance.

Steps

Tracking Emerging Values

Clear space for "your" time. Since defining your personal values ​​requires so-called soul-searching, make your own space for it. Turn off your phone, listen to soothing music, or do something that helps you relax and focus on the present.

Write down the moments of your greatest happiness and deepest sadness. Remember all your ups and downs, while highlighting the details and feelings associated with each memory. List only things that have had the greatest impact on your life and how you feel, not things that have earned you praise or recognition from others.

• For example, you might remember the night you met your best friend. It may not have been the biggest achievement of your life, but on that day you may have learned a lot about your personality and how to start making friends and sharing experiences with other people.
• Identify the themes that run through your most vivid memories, good and bad. They may also be backed up by your spiritual or political passions. Chances are you will identify several things that make you feel unfair, sad, angry, or all of the above. Try to do the same with happy moments.

1. Consider the common values ​​of humanity. We all have relatively similar, very basic needs that come from the constitutions and evolution of human culture. The things we value ultimately stem from our needs - that's why we're so passionate about and committed to our values! Studying human needs will give you a powerful boost to understanding your own values. More or less universal needs include:

   • Physical well-being (food, rest, safety)
   • Autonomy (freedom of choice, self-expression)
   • Peace (hope, tranquility)
   • Feelings (praise, participation, understanding)
   • Communication (warmth, respect, attention)
   • Entertainment (adventure, humor, joy)

2. Sketch out an initial list of personal values. Include in it the items you cannot imagine your life without. In it, you can connect personal experience with your culture of values, as well as universal human needs.

3. Record how you select these values. They may vary depending on the strategy you have used. Often the strategy comes from the religion of the family in which you grew up. By knowing this, you will have a better understanding of the values ​​that allow you to do things that you can be proud of.

   • For example, you have a value - a high position in society. But how will you follow it - will you wear designer clothes or become a human rights activist? If you value a deep sense of peace and order, would you set up a homemade essential oil factory in your home? Or maybe you are used to resolving conflicts that arise in your family? See the connection between values ​​and your daily life.

   Checking and balancing personal values

   1. Determine what drives you in life. One way to test your values ​​is to spend a whole day observing and identifying what drives you in life. If you have a certain primary value and you find yourself in a situation where it is threatened, you will feel anxious, defenseless, or even angry. What you hear or see on the news can also change the course of your life.

      • For example, your boss might tell you that your knit vest is not the most appropriate work outfit. Instead of just being a little upset, you might feel angry or even annoyed. In this case, you can say that your values ​​are making your own decisions and autonomy.

   2. Take a look at decisions that are influenced by your values. This can be done using both real and fictional situations. For example, you value independence and are considering moving in with a new roommate. What will you do if you consider your value? If you value peace and spontaneity, but your work takes 70 hours a week from you, how can you avoid stress and internal conflict? In situations like this, understanding your values ​​can really help you make creative decisions that reflect your own self.

      • Keep in mind that you will only see your value most clearly when you make a real decision. Sometimes we're so enamored with a certain value that we think it's bound to trigger the best decisions (although it doesn't have to be).

   3. Decide how you will defend it. If you're in a difficult situation and you're having a hard time standing up for your value, consider whether or not to speak up. Are you unable to live up to your worth because everything in the world is changing? What value is at stake, and why?

      • Let's say you're in a relationship with someone who doesn't appreciate your work, and you've made it your goal to get recognition for your efforts. Can this problem be solved by talking? Will you enjoy it if your partner starts expressing gratitude to you?
      • Another way to check is the following. Speak up about an issue in front of the community. Perhaps you are worried about cuts in public school funding - would you like to know more about it, or have you been hurt by it in some way? Depending on the answer, your value can be either caring for future generations or a call to action.
      If you look at your list of values ​​and connect those that could potentially conflict, you will gain insight into what creates creative tension in your life.
      • For example, you can value having your own space and at the same time support relationships unconditionally. In this case, you need to organize your communication with family and friends in such a way that you have time for yourself, but at the same time you should not forget about loved ones. Balancing between these potentially conflicting values ​​can be tricky, but being aware of this issue will help you make more informed decisions.

In order to feel like a full-fledged person and live a full life, you must be able to see the beauty of the world around you. In addition, it would be useful to make for yourself a list of life values ​​that will be an integral part of your life, and somewhere even its meaning. If there is something to live for and something to strive for, life will not seem like a boring, dull existence.
from M. S. Norbekov help to streamline their strengths and weaknesses, learn to independently determine the system of values, identify their goals and unrealized dreams. Taking the Life Values ​​course will also help you reassess your values, rethink and change your being.

The main priorities of human self-consciousness

Each person has his own basic life values, which are firmly included in his daily life. Often they are determined over a fairly long period of time and depend on the way of life of a person, his upbringing and environment.
Very often, a person’s life values, the list of which is formed absolutely unconsciously, change with age, due to changes in priorities or circumstances. Many may not even strive for any particular goal or preference, acquiring inclinations and habits according to their life perception.

In addition, some of life's values ​​can be determined by the type of desire for the opposite: for example, when a very rich person has a desire to experience the delights of a simple life, and one of the values ​​in the life of a poor person will be the eternal desire to rise.

Standard list of life values ​​in psychological terms

Psychologists have long studied all aspects of human nature, aspirations and goals. The main list includes the following concepts:

• Family life (love, mutual understanding, home comfort, children);
• Professional activity (work, business, status);
• Education;
• Spiritual life (inner peace, faith, spiritual growth);
• Political or social activity (communication, power, career);
• material well-being;
• Hobbies (friendship, self-development, personal growth);
• Beauty and health.

Many professional psychologists use various materials and teachings in their work that help to determine life values ​​and understand oneself. Courses according to the M.S. Norbekov system are very popular in many countries. Anyone can Norbekova. The material in the classroom is presented efficiently and effectively, but at the same time very easy to understand.

This is a real opportunity to know yourself, discover your inner potential and discover for yourself the main life values. In a short period, you can gain self-confidence by defining life priorities and setting specific goals for yourself.

2. Philosophy of values

3. Values ​​in literature

4. Values ​​of life and culture of modern youth (sociological study)

Conclusion

Bibliographic list

Introduction

The system of value orientations, being a psychological characteristic of a mature personality, one of the central personality formations, expresses a person's meaningful attitude to social reality and, as such, determines the motivation of his behavior, has a significant impact on all aspects of his activity. As an element of the personality structure, value orientations characterize the internal readiness to perform certain activities to meet the needs and interests, indicate the direction of its behavior.

Each society has a unique value-oriented structure, which reflects the identity of this culture. Since the set of values ​​that an individual learns in the process of socialization is “transmitted” to him by society, the study of the system of value orientations of an individual seems to be a particularly urgent problem in a situation of serious social changes, when there is some “blurring” of the social value structure, many values ​​are destroyed, social structures disappear. norms, contradictions appear in the ideals and values ​​postulated by society.

In essence, the whole variety of objects of human activity, social relations and natural phenomena included in their range can act as values ​​as objects of value relations, can be evaluated in the dichotomy of good and evil, truth and error, beauty and ugliness, permissible or forbidden, fair and unfair.

1. Values: concepts, essence, types

The cybernetic understanding of society consists in presenting it as belonging "to a special class of universal adaptive-adaptive systems".

From a certain point of view, culture can be considered as a multidimensional program of adaptive control that sets the main parameters for the self-organization of communities and coordinates the joint activity of fairly autonomous individuals. At the same time, culture can also be understood as a kind of structural generator inherent in any highly organized system: “Order is achieved by limiting the variety of possible states of the elements of the system by establishing the dependence of some elements on others. In this respect, culture is similar to biological and technical programming devices.”

Culture itself is defined axiologically as a set of material and spiritual values ​​and ways of their creation and transmission. Values ​​as such are inextricably linked with the socio-cultural context and can be considered as certain quanta of the general cultural field. It is in this sense that values ​​can be considered as structural invariants of various cultures, which determine not only the content specificity of a particular culture as an arsenal of effective adaptive strategies, but also the features of its dynamics and development. Chavchavadze N.Z. and defines culture as "the world of embodied values", distinguishing between values-means and values-goals.

A person's value system is the "foundation" of his attitude to the world. Values ​​are a relatively stable, socially determined selective attitude of a person to the totality of material and spiritual public goods.

“Values,” wrote V.P. Tugarinov, is what people need to meet their needs and interests, as well as ideas and their motivations as a norm, goal and ideal.

The value world of each person is immense. However, there are some "cross-cutting" values ​​that are practically pivotal in any field of activity. These include diligence, education, kindness, good breeding, honesty, decency, tolerance, humanity. It is precisely the decline in the significance of these values ​​in a given period of history that always causes serious concern in a normal society.

Value is one of such general scientific concepts, the methodological significance of which is especially great for pedagogy. Being one of the key concepts of modern social thought, it is used in philosophy, sociology, psychology and pedagogy to designate objects and phenomena, their properties, as well as abstract ideas that embody moral ideals and act as standards of due.

In essence, the whole variety of objects of human activity, social relations and natural phenomena included in their range can act as values ​​as objects of value relations, can be evaluated in the dichotomy of good and evil, truth and error, beauty and ugliness, permissible or forbidden, fair and unfair.

Value as a concept defines "... significance anything other than existence object or its qualitative characteristics.

There are a huge number of values ​​and they can be divided into two large groups: material and spiritual:

We included the following material values: a car, an aquarium, a garage, jewelry, money, food, a house, toys, cosmetics, musical instruments, books, clothes, an apartment, a tape recorder, a computer, a TV set, a telephone, furniture, sports equipment;

To the spiritual: active life, life wisdom, life, family, love, friendship, courage, work, sports, responsibility, sensitivity, honesty, good breeding, beauty, mercy, creativity, freedom, human, peace, justice, self-improvement, health , knowledge.

We can touch, see, buy material values, and they depend on the time in which a person lives. For example, 300 years ago there were no cars, which means that there was no such value.

Spiritual values, unlike material ones, we cannot always see and they are not bought, but we can feel them through our actions and the behavior of the people around us. For example, if beauty is important for a person, then he will strive to create it around himself, to perform beautiful deeds. Thus, these are higher values ​​that are universal and significant at all times.

2. Philosophy of values

In philosophy, the problem of values ​​is considered inextricably linked with the definition of the essence of man, his creative nature, his ability to create the world and himself in accordance with the measure of his values. A person forms his values, constantly destroys the contradictions between the existing world of values ​​and anti-values, uses values ​​as a tool to maintain his life world, protection from the destructive effects of entropic processes that threaten the reality he is born. A value approach to the world requires consideration of objective reality as a result of human self-affirmation; With this approach, the world is, first of all, a reality mastered by a person, turned into the content of his activity, consciousness, personal culture.

M.A. Nedosekin in his work "On the Question of Values ​​and Their Classification" (Internet resource) defines value representations, understood as the basis of assessments and the prism of a goal-oriented vision of reality, as needs and interests translated into the language of thoughts and feelings, concepts and images, ideas and judgments . Indeed, for the assessment it is necessary to have developed ideas about the values ​​that act as orientation criteria for the adaptive and activity activity of the individual.

On the basis of their value ideas, people not only evaluate what exists, but also choose their actions, demand and achieve justice, and carry out what is good for them.

E.V. Zolotukhina-Abolina defines values ​​as a non-rational regulator. Indeed, behavior regulated by reference to value criteria is ultimately focused on achieving maximum emotional comfort, which is a psychophysical sign of achieving a specific goal associated with the assertion of a particular value.

N.S. Rozov distinguishes several evolutionary types of the development of the worldview of communities: mythological consciousness, religious consciousness and ideological consciousness. This kind of classification is more than obvious. However, few dare to renounce the finality of the last form of social consciousness and even suggest the possibility of the birth of a new one, completely unlike the previous ones. N.S. Rozov did this: "Value consciousness is most likely to claim the role of the leading form of worldview in the coming historical era." Values ​​within the framework of value consciousness as a new form of worldview, firstly, emerge from a subordinate position, and secondly, they absorb and rethink all the diversity of existing worldviews, since communication and the search for productive compromises between representatives of these different worldviews are already becoming urgently needed ... The concept value consciousness is not reduced to a combination of the meanings of the two words that make up this name. This concept is built, first of all, normatively: value consciousness is a form of worldview based on values ​​that satisfies the requirements established above.

The world of values ​​that teleologically determine their object, to which it is initially directed, does not hang in the air. It is rooted in the affective life of the psyche no less than the vital needs. The first contact with values ​​​​occurs through communication with significant persons - parents. From the initial stages of ontogenesis, they interfere with the spontaneous functioning of vital needs, introducing into them the order necessary for the entire society. And if the emerging consciousness draws its strength mainly from affective images of significant persons, then in the future it is freed from the need for such support and, in striving for a goal-value, self-organizes and produces its structure and content, moving in line with objective laws. The existing hierarchy of values, teleologically defining its subject - human consciousness, can give rise to such values ​​that lead out of the sphere of immediate vital needs of a given society. This is the axiological basis of progress.

What is the sense of life? What is truly valuable in life? What is my Purpose?

These are the main questions we are trying to answer.

Probably the answers to these questions are known to people who in their lives have come face to face with their death.

Reading about people who have learned that they will die very soon, or those who have experienced clinical death, you learn that they have changed their priorities in life.

I found some interesting "research" on the Internet. Here data is collected on the topic “what one regrets before death” and There are thoughts of great sages about this. And this list of five true values ​​\u200b\u200bwas obtained in the life of every person.

“If it weren’t for my illness, I would never have thought about how wonderful life is” (Randy Pausch "The Last Lecture") .

1. INDIVIDUALITY

Everything in life has its purpose. Every living being on the planet has its own mission. And each of us has a role to play. Realizing our unique talents and abilities, we gain happiness and wealth. The path to our uniqueness and mission lies through our desires and dreams since childhood.

"Individuality is the highest value in the world" (Osho).

One woman (Bronnie Wee) worked for many years in a hospice, where her task was to alleviate the mental state of dying patients. From her observations, she revealed that the most common regret people have before death is the regret that they did not have the courage to live the life that was right for them, and not the life that others expected from them. Her patients regretted that they never realized many of their dreams. And only at the end of the journey did they realize that this was only a consequence of their choice, which they had made.

Make a list of your talents and abilities, as well as a list of favorite things in which they are expressed. This is how you find your unique talents. Use them to serve others. To do this, ask yourself as often as possible:How can I be of service(the world, the people I come in contact with)?How can I serve?»

Quit the job you hate! Do not be afraid of poverty, failures and mistakes! Trust yourself and don't worry about the opinions of others. Always believe that God will take care of you. It’s better to take a risk once than to regret later that you lived a gray and mediocre life, “killing yourself” at an unloved job to the detriment of yourself and your loved ones.

Always remember that you are unique and your mission is to give the best of your uniqueness to the world. Only then will you find true happiness. That's what God intended.

"Unlock your divinity, find your unique talent, and you can create any wealth you want"(Deepak Chopra).

2. SELF-DISCLOSURE AND SPIRITUAL GROWTH

Stop being an animal!

Of course, we need to satisfy physiological needs, but only in order to develop spiritually. People are mainly chasing material well-being and are concerned, first of all, with things, and not with the soul. Then, as the primary meaning and purpose of human life is to realize that he is a spiritual being and, in fact, he does not need anything material.

“We are not human beings who have spiritual experiences from time to time. We are spiritual beings having occasional human experiences."(Deepak Chopra).

Realize God within you. Man is a transitional being from the animal to the spiritual. And each of us has the resources to make this transition. Practice the state of "Being" more often, when you have no thoughts and you do not need anything, when you simply feel life and enjoy its fullness. The state of “here and now” is already a spiritual experience.

“There are people among us — not many, but there are — who understand that it is necessary to start saving money for old age even while it is far away, so that a certain amount has time to accumulate ... So why not take care of what is more important at the same time money, about the soul?( Eugene O'Kelly, Chasing the Elusive Light »).

And there is no need to improve yourself, you are already perfect because you are spiritual beings. Explore yourself...

« To know oneself as best as possible in order to be as big as possible for the world is the most important task of a person.» (Robin Sharma).

Even when you reach your goals, true success is not about the achievement, but about the changes in consciousness that occur as an inevitable consequence of your progress toward those goals. It's not about achieving goals, but about what happens to you in the process of achieving it.

3. OPENNESS

How often, in the face of death, people regret that they never had the courage to express love to their near and dear ones! They regret that they often suppressed their emotions and feelings because they were afraid of the reaction of others. They regret not allowing themselves to be happier. Only at the end of the journey did they realize that to be happy or not is a matter of choice. Every moment we choose a reaction to this or that situation, and each time we interpret events in our own way. Be carefull! Watch your choice every moment...

« What goes around comes around» (folk wisdom).

What needs to be done to become more open?

1) Give free rein to your emotions and feelings.

Ride the coolest attraction and scream at your pleasure; share your feelings with other people; become an optimist - rejoice, laugh, have fun, no matter what.

2) Accept yourself and life as it is.

Allow yourself to be who you are and let things happen. Your task is to dream, move and watch what miracles life brings you. And if something does not turn out the way you wanted, then it will be even better. Just relax and enjoy.

« I die and rejoice. And I'm going to have fun every day I have» (Randy Pausch "The Last Lecture").

4. LOVE

It is sad, but many people only in the face of death realize how little love was in their lives, how little they rejoiced and enjoyed the simple joys of life. The world has given us so many miracles! But we are too busy. We cannot take our eyes off our plans and current concerns to look at these gifts and enjoy them.

“Love is food for the soul. Love is to the soul what food is to the body. The body is weak without food, the soul is weak without love.(Osho).

The best way to raise the wave of love in your body is gratitude. Start thanking God for everything that he gives you every moment: for this food and a roof over your head; for this fellowship; beyond that clear sky; for everything you see and get. And when you catch yourself getting irritated, immediately ask yourself: Why should I be grateful now? The answer will come from the heart, and, believe me, it will inspire you.

Love is the energy from which the world is woven. Become a missionary of love! Give people compliments; charge everything you touch with love; give more than you get... and move through life from the heart, not from the head. It will guide you on the right path.

“A path without a heart is never joyful. You have to work hard just to get there. On the contrary, the path that has a heart is always easy; it doesn't take much effort to love him"(Carlos Castaneda).

5. RELATIONSHIPS

When life passes and in everyday worries we often lose sight of our relatives and friends, at the end of the journey we will feel devastation, deep sadness and longing ...

Spend as much time as you can with those you love and appreciate. They are the most valuable thing you have. Always be open to communication and new acquaintances, it enriches. As often as possible, give people your attention and admiration for them - all this will return to you. With joy and disinterestedly help, give, and just as joyfully accept gifts from others.

“Bliss is also contagious, like any disease. If you help others to be happy, by and large you help yourself to be happy.”(Osho).

So what will you regret at the end of your journey?

Every day we are faced with the need to solve some problems and circumstances that constantly test our strength. And in today's world of all sorts of worries and stresses, our life values ​​play a huge role, which are a kind of pointers on the path of life.

If everything we say and do corresponds to ours, life is correct and meaningful, and we ourselves are satisfied and confident in ourselves. However, it often happens that our actions diverge from deep-seated beliefs, which is why irritability. And this is an indicator that something is wrong. In addition, such feelings can make us unhappy, and only when we always act according to our conscience, both self-esteem and a state of happiness are preserved.

A person's life values ​​can be safely called his internal compass, according to which it is necessary to compare all steps. After all, when there are certain attitudes, it is much easier for a person to think through actions and, which is the basis of a productive and fulfilling life.

But let's think about what our life values ​​can be.