The climacteric period (synonym: menopause, menopause, menopause) is a physiological period in a person's life, characterized by the reverse development (involution) of the reproductive system, occurring against the background of general age-related changes in the body.

menopause in women
The onset of menopause in a woman is associated with functional changes in the system - the pituitary gland - the ovaries and is expressed in the gradual extinction of the menstrual function, and then the hormonal activity of the ovaries.

During menopause, two phases, or stages, of development are distinguished. The first of them - the period of menopausal changes in menstrual function - begins at 43-45 years and later, lasts about one and a half to two years until the complete cessation of menstrual function (menopause). The most typical in the first phase of menopause is a violation of the rhythm of menstruation and the duration of the menstrual cycle. In most women, the intervals between periods gradually increase and the intensity of bleeding decreases. Shortening of intervals and strengthening of bleedings is less often observed. The time of onset of menopause ranges from 45-46 to 50 years. The duration of the second phase of menopause - the extinction of the hormonal activity of the ovaries after the cessation of menstrual function - is rather difficult to establish, but sometimes within 3-5 years (or more) after the onset of menopause, menstrual bleeding may appear in older women and even occur. At the end of the second phase of menopause, the hormonal activity of the ovaries stops and the so-called physiological rest of the reproductive system sets in.

Premature onset of menopause (up to 40 years) is observed in women who had unfavorable working and living conditions, after frequent childbirth and abortion, after massive blood loss during childbirth, with chronic infectious diseases. Late extinction of menstrual function (over 50 years) is observed with uterine fibroids, with diabetes. Severe mental trauma, prolonged emotional stress in women of transitional age can contribute to the sudden cessation of menstruation.

Among the complications of menopause, menopausal uterine bleeding and the so-called menopausal syndrome deserve the most attention.

Menopausal bleeding is caused by violations of the processes of growth, maturation and reverse development of follicles in the ovaries. Hormonal imbalances often cause an overgrowth of the endometrium.

The detachment of the functional layer of the mucous membrane is also disturbed, as a result of which patients have prolonged irregular bleeding of various duration and intensity. In some patients, bleeding occurs after a delay in menstruation.

To clarify the diagnosis, it is necessary to study the dynamics of ovarian function using a colpocytogram, use a test with crystallization of cervical mucus, and measure basal (rectal) temperature (see). The most important diagnostic curettage of the uterine mucosa, which must necessarily precede the start of treatment. With a histological examination of the scraping, it is possible to identify the nature of changes in the endometrium, and most importantly, to exclude the presence of a cancerous process.

The climacteric syndrome includes a peculiar symptom complex, manifested by "hot flashes" to the head and upper half of the body, speeded up, sweating, dizziness, sleep disturbance and working capacity. The diagnosis of menopausal syndrome is made on the basis of a typical clinical picture that develops at the end of the period of menopausal changes in menstrual function or at the beginning of menopause.

In the climacteric period, due to the unstable neuropsychic state of a woman, in some cases, fluctuations in blood pressure are observed, typical forms of arthritis may develop, and other diseases become aggravated.

Treatment. In the menopause, much attention should be paid to a rational general regimen, to establish the right diet (increase the amount of vegetables in food, limit meat, meat soups), in order to avoid congestion in the small pelvis, a woman should move more, do morning exercises, it is recommended for constipation and obesity. .

With menopausal bleeding, the diagnostic curettage performed before the start of treatment simultaneously has a therapeutic effect - in some patients, bleeding stops after curettage. With recurrent menopausal bleeding, the doctor conducts only after special functional studies. Women aged 45-47 years are prescribed preparations of the corpus luteum hormone - in tablets of 0.01 g 3 times a day under the tongue in the second half of the menstrual cycle. For women of older age, as well as for recurrent polyposis growths of the endometrium, in order to suppress menstrual function, preparations of male (androgens) hormones are used - methyl testosterone 0.01 g 3 times a day under the tongue for 1-2 months. or testosterone-propionate (25 mg 2-3 times a week intramuscularly for 3-4 weeks) as prescribed by a doctor.

For the treatment of menopausal syndrome, sedative (calming) drugs are recommended - valerian with bromides (2-5 mg at night for 1-2 months), frenolon, etc., as well as small doses of hormonal drugs, also after a thorough special examination and only by doctor's prescription.

Climax female

Women's menopause is an age-related physiological period of involutional restructuring of the gonads, as well as all other organs and systems. There are three phases of menopause, usually occurring in women aged 45 to 55 years. In the first phase, a large amount is found in the body, in the second their content decreases, in the third there are no estrogens, but there are many pituitary gonadotropic hormones. Often in menopause, women develop climacteric neurosis, which is a special neuroendocrine syndrome associated with age-related involution. Climacteric disorders can appear with the onset of menopause, as well as long before it.

The syndrome is caused by complex changes in the central and autonomic nervous systems and the system of endocrine glands. It is characterized by hot flashes to the head and trunk, sweating, dizziness, vasomotor lability, increased excitability, insomnia, a feeling of unreasonable anxiety, etc. There is a functional or structural inferiority of the ovaries, atrophy of the uterus and external genital organs may develop, which does not depend on content of estrogen in the body. The involution of the uterus and external genital organs precedes the age-related degeneration of the ovaries, the hormonal connection between these organs is disrupted. Often there is an increase in the thyroid gland, and sometimes an increase in its function. In connection with the hyperfunction of the adrenal cortex, male-type hair growth, coarsening of the voice, etc. may appear. The amount of 17-ketosteroids excreted in the urine increases. There may be some acromegaloid features of the face and limbs.

Treatment. Treatment with bromides is used (from 0.05 sodium bromide per dose twice a day; if there is no effect, the dose is increased to 0.2-0.4 per day) until the neurotic phenomena disappear or mitigate. It is advisable to use preparations of rauwolfia, trioxazine, meprotan, andaxin, devincan, etc.

Hormonal treatment of menopausal phenomena is carried out taking into account the phase of the menopause, the age of the patient and the preservation of menstrual function.

In the first phase of menopause, characterized by sufficient estrogen saturation, in the presence of signs of neurosis, if the menstrual function is preserved, it is permissible to use small doses of estrogens (in accordance with the phase of the menstrual cycle). Estrogens act on the central nervous system, activating the inhibitory cortical process, weakened during menopause. In the first half of the intermenstrual period for 12-14 days, folliculin is prescribed at 1000 IU into the muscles daily or octestrol one tablet (10000 IU) 1-2 times a day.

In the presence of uterine functional bleeding, you can use progesterone 5-10 IU intramuscularly for 5-6 days and testosterone-propionate 25 mg intramuscularly 2 times a week (6-8 injections in total) or methyltestosterone 0.005 1-2 times a day under the tongue for 10 days.

However, the use of progesterone and androgens requires special care, because the presence of psychoneurotic changes in women before menstruation is known, when the body is saturated with the corpus luteum hormone. In addition, this hormone, like androgens, has a virilizing property. Only in severe climacteric neurosis, when there is no effect from other measures of influence, can one resort to these hormonal preparations, of course, with a complete cessation of their intake in the event of signs of virilization.

In the second phase of menopause, when the hormonal level is sharply reduced and persistent menopause has set in, with severe autonomic-nervous disorders, the use of the following drugs is recommended:
folliculin 1000 IU into the muscles (10-12 injections) or 3000 IU into the muscles every other day (8-10 injections in total);
estradiol dipropionate 10,000 IU into the muscles 1-2 times a week (5-6 injections in total);
octestrol or sinestrol 1 tablet (10,000 IU) orally I-2 times a day for 2-3 weeks.

The course of treatment with estrogens can be repeated 2-3 times with intervals of 4-6 months. In the second phase of menopause, estrogens are prescribed to replace the missing follicular hormone.

In the third phase of menopause, estrogens are used to inhibit the function of the pituitary gland and reduce the formation of gonadotropic hormones. Therefore, male and female sex hormones are combined according to the following scheme: testosterone-propionate 25 mg intramuscularly three times a week (6-8 injections in total) or methyltestosterone 0.005 under the tongue 2-3 times a day for 3-4 weeks; it is also advisable to use methylandrostenediol 25 mg per day - 10-12 days; folliculin 3000 IU into the muscles 2 times a week (6-8 injections in total) or octestrol or sinestrol 1 tablet (10000 IU) 1-2 times a day for 3-4 weeks.

During estrogen therapy, it is necessary to control the degree of saturation of the body with estrogens by changing the cytological picture of the vaginal smear or by another of the tests described.

If before the end of the course of treatment the symptoms of climacteric neurosis disappear, the dose of estrogens is reduced.

Contraindications to the use of sex hormones are neoplasms of the genital organs and mammary glands (in the past or present), as well as recurrent uterine bleeding.

Hormonal treatment must be combined with the use of sedatives, the elimination, if possible, of all factors traumatizing the nervous system, observance of hours and days of rest, reasonable use of vacation, normal sleep, physiotherapy, and rational psychotherapy.

This section presents modern ideas about the physiological menopause and the causes of the pathological course of the menopause. Data on the characteristics of the course of somatic and gynecological diseases in the menopausal period (diabetes, hypertension, metabolic disorders, tumor and inflammatory diseases of the genital organs) are given, and the tactics of treating patients are determined. The issues of forecasting, diagnosis and prevention of pathological menopause are considered.

The section is intended for gynecologists, therapists, psychoneurologists, neuropathologists.

Foreword

The problem of human aging has attracted the attention of outstanding thinkers of mankind since ancient times. In the second half of the 20th century, this problem acquired particular relevance due to the fact that there were significant changes in the age structure of the population - life expectancy increased. Consequently, the duration of the menopause has increased. In this regard, the ever-increasing interest shown in this period of life, primarily in terms of maintaining health, is understandable.

Diagnosis and treatment of pathological conditions in menopause have a certain specificity, which is not always taken into account by obstetrician-gynecologists. The features of this period are primarily that it is at this time that many diseases arise or manifest themselves: benign and malignant tumors, psychosis, neurosis, diabetes mellitus, obesity, dysfunction of the endocrine glands, vegetative-vascular disorders, etc. Clinical symptoms of the listed diseases may be similar to the manifestations of aging of the body and the pathological course of the menopause, in other words, the nature of the manifestations of many diseases and age-related changes can be almost the same, while the methods of treatment should be fundamentally different.

In this regard, the purpose of this work was, first of all, to present data on physiological and pathological age-related changes in the body of women, in particular in the reproductive system during aging. The high frequency of the pathological course of menopause and diseases in this period of life obliges doctors to pay special attention to the prevention of the pathological course of menopause. In this regard, it seemed appropriate to dwell in more detail on this particular aspect of the problem under consideration. Pathological processes that develop in the menopause are often caused by symptomatic therapy that is not always justified, so the book pays great attention to differential diagnosis and methods of pathogenetically justified therapy.

The section is written on the basis of literature data, the author's personal long-term experience and the results of research conducted under the guidance of the author for 25 years in the endocrinology department of the All-Union Center for Maternal and Child Health of the USSR Ministry of Health.

Menopause in women is a natural physiological stage in the life of every woman, when, against the background of natural hormonal age-related changes, signs of involution of the reproductive system appear. In different sources, menopausal restructuring lasts up to 10 years. Proper organization of life, a special diet, psychological assistance, and in some cases drug therapy create a decent quality of life for a woman experiencing temporary difficulties.

Let's take a closer look: what it is, at what age menopause occurs and what are the characteristic signs for it, and also what is most often prescribed to a woman as a treatment to restore hormonal levels.

What is a climax?

Menopause is a natural physiological process of the transition of the female body from the reproductive phase with regular menstrual cycles to the phase of the complete cessation of menstruation. The word "climax" comes from the Greek "climax" - a ladder, expressing the symbolic steps leading from the flowering of specific female functions to their gradual extinction.

On average, the onset of menopause in women occurs at the age of 40-43 years. However, there may be cases when they begin at 35 and 60 years. Therefore, doctors distinguish separately such concepts as “early menopause” and “late”.

In some women, menopause has a physiological course and does not cause pathological disorders, in others, the pathological course leads to the development of the menopausal (climacteric) syndrome.

Menopausal syndrome with menopause in women occurs with a frequency of 26 - 48% and is characterized by a complex of various disorders of the functions of the endocrine, nervous and cardiovascular systems, which often disrupts the normal functioning and working capacity of a woman.

menopause periods

There are several important periods in the climax:

premenopause	It begins when the first sign of menopause appears and continues until the last menstrual bleeding. This stage occurs in women over the age of 40. It is characterized by a decrease in the body's production of estrogens, which manifests itself in the form of irregular menstruation, changes in the nature of the discharge (they may increase or decrease). This stage does not cause any physical or psychological severe discomfort. It can last up to 10 years.
Menopause	Last menstruation. True menopause is considered if after the last menstruation during the year they were no more. Some experts consider it more correct to calculate menopause after 1.5 or even 2 years.
Postmenopause	At the third stage, the hormonal restructuring finally ends, the ovaries completely stop producing hormones, the level of estrogen is steadily reduced by 50% of the level of the reproductive phase. The age-related involution of the body continues. This is an early postmenopause (1 - 2 years). All organs, the functioning of which depends on sex hormones, are subject to gradual hypotrophic changes. Thus, for example, it is noted: reduction in the amount of pubic hair, uterus becomes smaller there is a change in the mammary glands.

Questions of the quality of life of a woman during menopause are quite acute and relevant. At the same time, special attention is paid to the following parameters: physical and mental well-being, social and role functioning, as well as a general objective perception of one's health.

There are several types of climax:

• premature (after 30 and before 40 years);
• early (from 41 years to 45 years);
• timely, considered the norm (45-55 years);
• late (after 55 years).

Premature and late menopause are usually a pathology. After examination and finding out the causes of deviations from the norm, treatment is prescribed. With the timely onset of menopause, in some cases, only the relief of accompanying symptoms is required.

The reasons

Menopause is a genetically programmed transformation of the female body, during which the reproductive function is fading. The ovaries rapidly reduce the production of sex hormones, the menstrual cycle is upset, the probability of fertilization of the egg by sperm decreases every year.

For most women, the starting point for the onset of menopause is 45 years of age, coinciding with the appearance of the first clinical manifestations of menopause. As a rule, after three or five years (that is, by the age of 50), the menstrual function finally ends, and the menopause clinic becomes more vivid.

Early menopause is the process of onset of menopausal symptoms before the age of forty. It can come both at fifteen and at thirty-nine. The main reason is disturbed hormonal regulation, due to which menstruation is very irregular.

There are inherited and acquired causes of early menopause.

Genetic causes of early menopause:

• Defect of the female X chromosome.
• Shereshevsky-Turner syndrome.
• Ovarian dysfunctions under the influence of the X X chromosome.
• Other hereditary disorders

Acquired causes of early menopause:

• Hormonal diseases (thyroid gland, others);
• Gynecological diseases, including infectious;
• Chemotherapy;
• Obesity;
• exhaustion()
• Not rational hormonal contraception;

At what age does menopause begin in women?

The time indicators of menopause are individual, the last menstruation in a woman is called menopause, the onset of which, on average, occurs at the age of 50 years. If this happened before the age of 45, the menopause is considered early, before the age of 40 - premature.

In the ovaries of each woman, a certain number of follicles are genetically incorporated, and the time of onset of menopausal syndrome depends on this.

The fact is that female hormones have a beneficial effect on the entire body as a whole, and women with late menopause have a healthier heart and blood vessels, often smooth and clean skin, healthy hair and teeth.

But there is a late menopause and significant disadvantages. For example, in such women, the risk of getting cancer is increased several times. They are shown every six months to undergo examinations for the presence of neoplasms in the body.

How menopause begins: the first signs

• Menses are often delayed and irregular. Their profusion and duration are several times stronger than usual.
• Sweat is formed too often and in large quantities, there is a constant feeling of heat.
• In the vaginal opening, there is discomfort, unpleasant dryness.
• Permanent sleep disturbance.
• Mood changes dramatically, frequent depression.
• Feelings of restlessness and unreasonable anxiety.
• Blood pressure also changes dramatically.

Symptoms of menopause in women

Menopause can occur in women at different ages. In this case, if necessary, the treatment is selected taking into account the symptoms, which can also be different and have different degrees of severity.

Menopause symptoms:

1. Menstruation is no longer regular, are shortened and acquire less profusion of secretions in most cases, in a third of women, on the contrary, they become more intense.
2. Unreasonable mood swings, a tendency to irritability, depression, tearfulness, aggressiveness, negativism.
3. Headaches: dull, present in the back of the head in the morning; migraine-like; sharp and strong, localized in the temples and forehead.
4. Tides. Violation of thermoregulation and an increased feeling of heat are the main signs of menopause. At first, such complaints may last a short time interval, but over time, their appearance and intensity only increase.
5. Sleep disturbance . Some women may experience insomnia, some, on the contrary, increased drowsiness. It is better not to solve sleep problems on your own with the help of medications, but to consult a doctor.
6. Fluctuations in the level of female sex hormones during menopause are manifested by soreness of the mammary glands, pulling sensations in the lower abdomen and emotional swings.
7. Metabolic and endocrine disorders. In women during menopause, there is often a change in eating behavior, an improvement or deterioration in appetite, weight gain, fluid retention in the body, leading to the formation of edema.
8. Pain in the chest. Pain in the mammary gland can be cyclic and non-cyclic. Cyclic pain coincides with the time of menstruation in the childbearing period. However, for women after 45, such pain is a sign of hormonal disorders.
9. At the onset of the premenopausal period, almost all the fair sex complains of a decrease in sexual desire and libido, the impossibility of obtaining an orgasm, as well as dryness of the inner walls of the vagina. This process is naturally associated with the partial or complete disappearance of female hormones from the body.
10. Vaginal dryness. The symptom is usually accompanied by itching, is the cause of pain during intercourse. It occurs as a result of changes in the structure of the vaginal mucosa under the influence of hormones. At the same time, there is also a decrease in sexual desire.

Other manifestations of menopause include:

• change in taste preferences and sensations;
• dryness of the mucous membranes of the oral cavity;
• pain in the joints, bones and muscles;
• shortness of breath, tachycardia;
• migraine;
• visual disturbances (stinging and dry eyes).

All unpleasant symptoms disappear after the immediate onset of menopause.

Climax is not a fast process, it develops over a long period of time. Usually, menopause itself occurs only a couple of years after the onset of the first symptoms.

Diagnostics

Diagnosis of menopause occurs primarily on the basis of complaints of patients, which appear as menopause approaches. The presence of any concomitant diseases complicates the diagnosis, since under them the symptoms of menopause may not be recognized, and the state of health may worsen. Consultations of an endocrinologist, a neurologist and, of course, a cardiologist are shown.

At the consultation, the doctor will ask questions:

• age when the menstrual cycle began to fail, when was the last menstruation, the nature of menstruation,
• what symptoms are bothering you
• whether your close relatives of women have had breast or internal genital cancer,
• transferred operations.

Mandatory gynecological examination and laboratory tests are carried out:

• Blood test for estrogen content,
• Research of follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormone,
• Histological analysis of the endometrium of the uterus,
• Cytological examination of a smear from the vagina,
• Measurement of basal temperature,
• Identification of anovular cycles,
• Ultrasound examination of the pelvis and abdominal cavity.

Why do we need menopause diagnostics?

• Planning for late pregnancy;
• differential diagnosis of menopause and other diseases;
• identification of complications and diseases associated with menopause;
• examination before prescribing hormone replacement therapy and contraceptives.

Treatment

Climax is a natural state at the appropriate age. But it is fraught with the threat of the emergence of new diseases, including tumors, endocrine disorders,. However, when a woman has a hard time with menopause, treatment may be necessary. Even if its manifestations do not cause much discomfort, the regularity of visits to the gynecologist should be maintained.

Treatment may include the following:

• homeopathy;
• herbal medicine and folk methods to stabilize the hormonal background;
• hormone therapy;
• treatment of concomitant diseases that have just emerged or are chronic in an acute form;
• the use of bioactive food additives in the form of pills or tablets for menopause, for example, Bonisan.

• proper nutrition with plenty of fruits and vegetables (food enriched with vitamins);
• obligatory presence in the daily diet of dairy products (cottage cheese, yogurt, milk, sour cream, etc.);
• exclusion of fatty, spicy and salty foods;
• giving up bad habits (smoking, alcohol);
• fitness, gymnastics, recreational physical education or daily walks in the fresh air, on foot or by bike;
• reduce the consumption of tea and coffee, which are better to replace with herbal tea;
• take vitamins;
• wear clothes made from natural fabrics;
• follow the rules of personal hygiene.

Drugs for menopause

The first thing a woman needs to do in the menopausal period is to contact a local gynecologist for advice. After the diagnosis, the specialist prescribes medications for menopause, which reduce the number of hot flashes, normalize the sleep phase, and remove increased irritability.

Hormone replacement therapy. According to experts, the most adequate method of treating menopausal syndrome is hormone replacement therapy. Its appointment is advisable if a woman during menopause has experienced complications such as:

• cardiovascular pathologies,
• central obesity,
• pronounced,
• type II diabetes, etc.

Hormone therapy as a treatment for menopause pathology is contraindicated in patients suffering from:

• cancer of the endometrium, ovaries, breast;
• coagulopathy (blood clotting disorder);
• impaired liver function;
• thromboembolism, thrombophlebitis;
• uterine bleeding of unknown cause;
• kidney failure.

Non-hormonal agents(Ci-Klim, Estrovel, Klimadinon). If for some reason hormone therapy is contraindicated for the patient, then drugs based on natural plant phytoestrogens are used. These are biologically active food supplements. Their activity is much lower than that of hormones, but the safety is higher and there are almost no side effects.

In addition to hormones, a number of other drugs are also prescribed: vitamins, herbal remedies, calcium preparations (for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis), tranquilizers, antidepressants, biphosphates, nootropics, and others. The appropriateness of the use of certain drugs for menopause is determined by the attending physician.

Proper nutrition

Despite the unpleasant symptoms that accompany menopause in women, when prescribing the right treatment and following the principles of a healthy lifestyle, you can significantly reduce the severity of the main symptoms. When reaching the age of menopause, attention should be paid to proper nutrition.

Proper nutrition during menopause is based on the following rules:

• it is necessary to reduce portions, but increase the number of meals up to 5-6 times;
• you should eat regularly at the same time;
• you need to drink up to two liters of clean water;
• dishes should be steamed, in the oven or stewed, but in no case should they be fried (a taboo is introduced into the pan);
• as many vegetables and fruits as possible should be consumed raw;
• eliminate or minimize salt intake;
• exclude “harmful” foods from the diet, and include a wide range of “useful” ones.

When choosing foods for your diet, you need to make sure that vitamins and minerals get into the body. Especially vitamins A, E, D and C, group B, potassium, calcium and magnesium.

It is necessary to severely limit or remove the following foods and dishes from the diet:

• salt, sugar;
• semi-finished products, fast food;
• lard, fatty meat, lard, margarine, spread;
• alcoholic drinks;
• sausages, smoked products, offal;
• coffee, chocolate, cocoa, sweets;
• hot spices;
• sweet soda, juices from packages.

Menu for the day

It is advisable to start the day with a cup of clean cool water, drunk on an empty stomach. The menu of a woman who has experienced menopause may look like this.

1. Breakfast - oatmeal with bran and raisins.
2. The second breakfast is a salad with fruits and nuts.
3. Lunch - chicken soup and seaweed salad.
4. Snack - baked apples with low-fat cottage cheese.
5. Dinner - boiled fish and vegetable salad.

In between meals, it is permissible to eat dried fruits and drink various juices.

Folk remedies

In the treatment of hot flashes, headaches and other manifestations of menopause, traditional medicine is successfully used: decoctions of plants, herbal soothing baths.

1. Soothing herbal bath. 10 st. l mixture of calamus root, thyme, yarrow, oregano, sage, pine buds is brewed in a bucket of water until cool, filtered and added to the container. A 10-minute procedure will be enough;
2. Rhodiola rosea. Alcohol tincture (pharmacy) Rhodiola take 15 drops diluted in 20 ml of drinking water before breakfast and before lunch.
3. To prepare an infusion of oregano 2 tablespoons of the plant are poured into 400 ml of boiling water and infused in a thermos. Take a drink of half a glass several times a day 30 minutes after eating. This decoction is especially effective for neurosis that occurs against the background of menopause.
4. Lemon. Grind lemons (with peel) in a meat grinder. Grind the shells of 5 chicken eggs to a state of powder. Mix and let it brew for 7 days. Take 3 times a day for 1 tbsp. spoon for a month.
5. Hawthorn. 3 art. Spoons of hawthorn flowers pour 3 cups of boiling water. Take 1 glass 3 times a day.
6. Irritability will help to remove teas and drinks based on mint, lemon balm, St. John's wort and oregano. These medicinal herbs have a powerful antidepressant effect and will help get rid of nervous tension.
7. Valerian helps to relieve emotional stress, as well as improve sleep. The decoction is prepared according to the recipe above. You need to take 100 ml in the morning and evening.
8. Sage juice will help to cope with high blood pressure. To do this, take 20 ml three times a day for three weeks.

Diseases that occur against the background of menopause

When discussing menopause in women, symptoms, age, treatment, diseases that occur under the influence of hormonal changes should be considered in detail.

Estrogens are essential for more than just fertility. Throughout the reproductive age, these hormones protect a woman from various diseases, strengthening almost all structures in the body. When estrogen levels begin to decline during menopause, many systems are affected.

Osteoporosis	With this disease, a decrease in bone density occurs, their microarchitecture is disturbed, fragility increases, as a result of which the risk of fractures increases significantly. Osteoporosis is caused by a change in the work of building cells, which occurs against the background of a change in the balance of hormones.
Diseases of the heart and blood vessels	Menopause has a serious impact on the circulatory system - all organs suffer, from the heart to the smallest vessels. After menopause, the risk of the following diseases increases: ischemia of the heart; hypertension; sclerosis. Most often, menopause leads to an increase in blood pressure, which can become persistent and turn into hypertension. This is observed, along with various types of arrhythmias, in almost a third of women who have reached menopause.
	Myoma can be of different sizes, single or multiple. It often occurs against the background of menopause, and after the onset of menopause, small myomatous nodes are able to resolve on their own.
	With menopause, dermoid, endometrioid and other types of non-functional cysts, as well as ovaries, often occur.
Frequent urination	The urinary system, which is connected by reverse processes with the reproductive system, also lends itself to structural changes. Frequent urges for small needs at night, periodic infections, and other unpleasant pathologies will haunt a woman who does not care about maintaining her own health.

Prevention

As preventive measures aimed at preventing the early onset of menopausal changes, are:

• Regular check-ups with relevant specialists - every 6 months.
• Timely treatment of pathological processes that have arisen in the endocrine and gynecological system of organs.
• The correct attitude to taking hormone-containing drugs.
• General hardening.
• Balanced diet.
• Moderate physical activity.
• Regular intercourse.

At the first signs of menopause, be sure to go to the gynecologist and endocrinologist for a consultation. Take care of yourself, we wish you good health and well-being!

Menopause is the next stage of physiological changes in a woman's body, associated with the extinction of reproductive function. The greatest probability of its onset falls on the age of 45-52 years. Depending on the characteristics of the organism, past diseases, living conditions, menopause may occur earlier or later. The ongoing hormonal changes gradually lead to the aging of a woman. If she leads an active lifestyle, pays the necessary attention to her appearance, takes care of her health, then the aging of the body slows down.

There are 3 stages of menopause:

1. Premenopause - the beginning of hormonal changes, in which the level of estrogen begins to decline, menstruation becomes irregular. The chance of conception is reduced.
2. Menopause is a period of 12 months from the start of the last menstrual period. If in the previous period a woman can still doubt the cause of menstrual cycle failures, then the absence of menstruation during the year is an accurate sign of the onset of menopause.
3. Postmenopause - the period after the end of menopause, is about 3-5 years. The level of estrogen reaches a minimum.

Video: Menopause and its types

Types of menopause and age of their onset

Symptoms of menopause in women depend on age. Treatment is also prescribed in accordance with the age of menopause, which depends on the characteristics of physiology, general health, conditions and lifestyle. There are several types of climax:

• premature (after 30 and before 40 years);
• early (from 41 years to 45 years);
• timely, considered the norm (45-55 years);
• late (after 55 years).

Premature and late menopause are usually a pathology. After examination and finding out the causes of deviations from the norm, treatment is prescribed. With the timely onset of menopause, in some cases, only the relief of accompanying symptoms is required.

Causes and effects of premature menopause

The onset of menopause at an early age is possible for several reasons. First of all, this is due to diseases of the ovaries, their removal or treatment with hormonal drugs. Sometimes premature menopause is caused by congenital genetic disorders. In this case, insufficient production of eggs occurs. This pathology is inherited.

One of the reasons is too early puberty of the girl. The usual age of the onset of the first menstruation is considered to be 13-14 years. But sometimes menstruation appears as early as 10-11 years.

Menopause comes too early for those who have had diseases of the thyroid gland, reproductive organs, immune system, liver. Radiation therapy in the treatment of tumors, chemotherapy can provoke the onset of menopause.

The emergence of early menopause is also facilitated by an unhealthy lifestyle and bad habits (smoking, alcohol abuse, drug addiction). The provoking factor is obesity, as well as passion for diets, prolonged fasting.

The onset of early menopause, as a rule, is associated with hormonal disorders in the body. A decrease in the level of female sex hormones leads to infertility and early aging. In addition, hormonal disorders increase the risk of tumors of the mammary glands, reproductive organs. It also increases the risk of heart attack, stroke and other cardiovascular diseases. Imbalance of hormones leads to diseases of the thyroid gland, the functioning of the genitourinary system is disrupted. Early menopause causes neurosis, depression.

When the first suspicions of a decrease in sexual activity of the body appear, you should consult a doctor. In case of doubt about the cause of the menstrual irregularity, an FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) test is done. With menopause, its level rises and remains constantly high. If the disturbances are temporary, then the level of this hormone fluctuates.

Video: Hormone tests to determine the onset of menopause

Causes and complications of late menopause

As a rule, heredity is a factor in the onset of late menopause. If it does not occur before the age of 55, while there are no health problems, then late menopause plays only a positive role. The normal composition of bone and muscle tissue is preserved longer. Less problems with the work of the heart, blood vessels, brain.

However, in some cases, a serious gynecological disease or treatment with chemotherapy and radiation can be the cause of late menopause. In this case, a woman should be constantly under the supervision of a doctor, since an exacerbation or recurrence of diseases that caused a delay in menopause is possible. The irregular occurrence of bleeding of varying intensity sometimes masks the symptoms of diseases, including malignant tumors.

menopause symptoms

There are a number of signs by which you can determine that menopause has come.

tides- periodic sudden attacks, accompanied by a feeling of heat, as well as blood flow to the face. At the same time, the woman sweats a lot. After a few minutes, a state of chill sets in. Such hot flashes can last for years, appearing 20-50 times a day. In this case, the doctor will tell you how to reduce their number, alleviate the symptoms.

Headaches, dizziness usually appearing in the morning. A woman is forced to give up her usual activities, quickly gets tired. She experiences unreasonable anxiety, becomes irritable.

Sleep disorders. The tides that arise during the day and at night wake the woman. After that, it is difficult for her to sleep. Insomnia comes not only because of the hot flashes. The cause of sleep disorders can be neurosis, arising from the deterioration of the nervous system and brain. The inability to sleep normally deprives you of strength and causes even more anxiety and irritation.

Frequent mood swings. The woman becomes touchy, tearful. Cheerful mood is abruptly replaced by irritability and anger.

Lump in the throat. The reaction of the autonomic nervous system, in which there is a sensation of interference in the throat. There is a need to make swallowing movements. The woman does not experience pain or any discomfort. This condition usually resolves on its own. However, if the symptom does not disappear within a few months, pain appears, then it is necessary to consult an endocrinologist. Similar sensations occur in diseases of the thyroid gland.

Weakening of memory. During this period, most women complain of "sclerosis", absent-mindedness, inability to concentrate.

Dryness of the vagina. The symptom is usually accompanied by itching, is the cause of pain during intercourse. It occurs as a result of changes in the structure of the vaginal mucosa under the influence of hormones. At the same time, there is also a decrease in sexual desire.

Violation of the urinary organs. Violation of the composition of the vaginal environment makes the genitourinary system more vulnerable to infection. Often there are diseases of the kidneys, bladder, inflammatory diseases of the ovaries, uterus. Weakening of muscle tone leads to urinary incontinence.

Increased blood pressure, rapid heartbeat. This indicates changes in the structure of blood vessels and in the heart muscle. The risk of heart disease in women is significantly increased.

Joint diseases, bone fragility. This indicates a lack of calcium. With the onset of menopause, a woman's absorption of nutrients worsens. Insufficient calcium intake weakens the bones. In addition, nails become brittle, hair loss and deterioration of their structure are observed. Tooth enamel also becomes thinner, more often caries occurs.

Video: Symptoms of menopause, what determines their severity, how to treat them

Diagnosis in menopause. How to relieve symptoms

With the appearance of such signs as a violation of the menstrual cycle, a decrease or increase in the volume of secretions, a sharp change in body weight and other unexpected signs, a woman should definitely consult a doctor: a gynecologist, an endocrinologist, a mammologist. An examination using ultrasound, X-ray, as well as a biochemical blood test for hormones and tumor markers will allow timely detection of serious diseases that need to be treated urgently.

If a woman is healthy, unpleasant symptoms are associated with menopausal abnormalities, then she will be prescribed therapy to eliminate insomnia, taking sedatives and vitamins. Preparations containing calcium and silicon will help prevent osteoporosis. Means are used to enhance blood supply, eliminate high blood pressure.

The most effective method of getting rid of hot flashes and other symptoms of menopause is hormone therapy. Sometimes it is enough to choose suitable hormonal contraceptives with the help of a doctor. Candles containing hormonal preparations, special patches, intrauterine devices are also used. With the help of these funds, the level of estrogen increases, which allows you to slow down the onset of menopausal changes. Hormone replacement therapy is carried out for at least 1-2 years. To prevent osteoporosis, its use is sometimes required for several years after menopause.

Warning: Any hormonal drugs should be taken as prescribed by a doctor. Excess estrogen leads to weight gain, varicose veins in the legs, breast disease, uterine fibroids, and other serious health problems.

To mildly reduce the symptoms of menopause, non-hormonal remedies based on plant components are used, for example, the biologically active food supplement ESTROVEL® capsules - a complex of phytoestrogens, vitamins and microelements, the components of which act on the main manifestations of menopause.

Treatment with folk remedies for menopause

In the treatment of hot flashes, insomnia, headaches and other manifestations of menopause, traditional medicine is successfully used: decoctions of plants, herbal soothing baths. The lack of estrogens is replenished with the help of phytoestrogens, which include, for example, sage.

Infusion to eliminate sweating and relieve hot flashes

Mix sage, valerian root and horsetail in a ratio of 3:1:1. A glass of boiling water pour 1 tbsp. l. collection. This healing infusion is drunk every day in several doses.

Herbal infusion for high blood pressure, palpitations, sweating

1 st. l. mixtures of hawthorn, motherwort, cudweed, chamomile (4:4:4:1) insist in 1 cup of boiling water and drink the medicine 3-4 tablespoons several times a day.

14387 0

The climacteric period (menopause, menopause) is the physiological period of a woman's life, during which, against the background of age-related changes in the body, involutional processes in the reproductive system dominate.

Climacteric syndrome (CS) is a pathological condition that occurs in some women in menopause and is characterized by neuropsychic, vegetative-vascular and metabolic-trophic disorders.

Epidemiology

Menopause occurs at an average age of 50 years.

Early menopause is called the cessation of menstruation at 40-44 years. Premature menopause - the cessation of menstruation at 37-39 years.

60-80% of peri- or postmenopausal women experience CS.

Classification

In the menopause, the following phases are distinguished:

■ premenopause - the period from the appearance of the first menopausal symptoms to the last independent menstruation;

■ menopause - the last independent menstruation due to ovarian function (the date is set retrospectively, namely after 12 months of absence of menstruation);

■ postmenopause begins with menopause and ends at age 65-69;

■ perimenopause - the period that combines premenopause and the first 2 years after menopause.

The time parameters of the phases of the menopause are to some extent conditional and individual, but they reflect morphological and functional changes in various parts of the reproductive system. Isolation of these phases is more important for clinical practice.

Etiology and pathogenesis

During the reproductive period, lasting 30-35 years, a woman's body functions under the conditions of cyclic exposure to various concentrations of female sex hormones, which affect various organs and tissues, and are involved in metabolic processes. There are reproductive and non-reproductive target organs for sex hormones.

Reproductive target organs:

■ genital tract;

■ hypothalamus and pituitary gland;

■ mammary glands. Non-reproductive target organs:

■ brain;

■ cardiovascular system;

■ musculoskeletal system;

■ urethra and bladder;

■ skin and hair;

■ large intestine;

■ liver: lipid metabolism, regulation of SHBG synthesis, conjugation of metabolites.

The climacteric period is characterized by a gradual decrease and “turning off” of ovarian function (in the first 2-3 years of postmenopause, only single follicles are found in the ovaries, later they completely disappear). The resulting state of hypergonadotropic hypogonadism (primarily estrogen deficiency) may be accompanied by a change in the function of the limbic system, impaired secretion of neurohormones, and damage to target organs.

Clinical signs and symptoms

In premenopause, menstrual cycles can vary from regular ovulatory cycles to long delays in menstruation and/or menorrhagia.

In perimenopause, fluctuations in blood estrogen levels are still possible, which can be clinically manifested by premenstrual-like sensations (breast engorgement, heaviness in the lower abdomen, lower back, etc.) and / or hot flashes and other symptoms of CS.

According to the nature and time of occurrence, menopausal disorders are divided into:

■ early;

■ delayed (2-3 years after menopause);

■ late (more than 5 years of menopause). Early symptoms of CS include:

■ vasomotor:

Flushes of heat;

increased sweating;

Headache;

Arterial hypo- or hypertension;

Cardiopalmus;

■ emotional-vegetative:

Irritability;

Drowsiness;

Weakness;

Anxiety;

Depression;

Forgetfulness;

inattention;

Decreased libido.

2-3 years after menopause, the following symptoms may occur:

■ urogenital disorders (see the chapter "Urogenital disorders in menopause");

■ damage to the skin and its appendages (dryness, brittle nails, wrinkles, dryness and hair loss).

Late manifestations of CS include metabolic disorders:

■ cardiovascular diseases (atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease);

■ postmenopausal osteoporosis (see the chapter "Osteoporosis in postmenopause");

■ Alzheimer's disease.

Postmenopause is characterized by the following hormonal changes:

■ low serum estradiol levels (less than 30 ng/ml);

■ high serum FSH, LH/FSH index< 1;

■ estradiol/estrone index< 1; возможна относительная гиперандрогения;

■ low serum SHBG;

■ low serum levels of inhibin, especially inhibin B.

The diagnosis of CS can be established on the basis of the symptom complex characteristic of estrogen-deficient conditions.

Necessary examination methods in outpatient practice:

■ scoring of CS symptoms using the Kupperman index (Table 48.1). The severity of other symptoms is assessed on the basis of the subjective complaints of the patient. Next, the scores for all indicators are summarized;

Table 48.1. Menopausal index Kuppermann

■ cytological examination of smears from the cervix (Pap smear);

■ determination of the level of LH, PRL, TSH, FSH, testosterone in the blood;

■ biochemical blood test (creatinine, ALT, AST, alkaline phosphatase, glucose, bilirubin, cholesterol, triglycerides);

■ blood lipid spectrum (HDL-C, LDL-C, VLDL-C, lipoprotein (a), atherogenic index);

■ coagulogram;

■ measurement of blood pressure and heart rate;

■ mammography;

■ transvaginal ultrasound (the criterion for the absence of pathology in the endometrium in postmenopausal women is the width of the M-echo 4-5 mm);

■ osteodensitometry.

Differential Diagnosis

Menopause is the physiological period of a woman's life, so differential diagnosis is not required.

Since most diseases in the menopause occur as a result of a deficiency of sex hormones, the appointment of HRT is pathogenetically justified, the purpose of which is to replace the hormonal function of the ovaries in women who are deficient in sex hormones. It is important to achieve such levels of hormones in the blood that would actually improve the general condition, ensure the prevention of late metabolic disorders and do not cause side effects.

Indications for the use of HRT in perimenopause:

■ early and premature menopause (under the age of 40);

■ artificial menopause (surgical, radiotherapy);

■ primary amenorrhea;

■ secondary amenorrhea (more than 1 year) in reproductive age;

■ early vasomotor symptoms of CS in premenopause;

■ urogenital disorders (UGR);

■ the presence of risk factors for osteoporosis (see the chapter "Osteoporosis in postmenopause").

In postmenopausal women, HRT is prescribed for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes: for therapeutic purposes - for the correction of neurovegetative, cosmetic, psychological disorders, UGR; with prophylactic - to prevent osteoporosis.

Currently, there are no reliable data on the effectiveness of HRT for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases.

Basic principles of HRT:

■ Only natural estrogens and their analogues are used. The dose of estrogens is small and corresponds to that in the early and middle phase of proliferation in young women;

■ mandatory combination of estrogens with progestogens (with preserved uterus) prevents the development of endometrial hyperplasia;

■ All women should be informed about the possible impact of short-term and long-term estrogen deficiency on the body. Women should also be informed about the positive effects of HRT, contraindications and side effects of HRT;

■ To ensure optimal clinical effect with minimal adverse reactions, it is extremely important to determine the most acceptable optimal doses, types and routes of administration of hormonal drugs.

There are 3 main modes of HRT:

■ monotherapy with estrogens or gestagens;

■ combination therapy (estrogen-progestin drugs) in a cyclic mode;

■ combination therapy (estrogen-progestin drugs) in monophasic continuous mode.

For therapeutic purposes, HRT is prescribed for up to 5 years. With longer-term use in each case, the effectiveness (for example, reduced risk of fracture of the femoral neck due to osteoporosis) and safety (risk of developing breast cancer) of this therapy should be commensurate.

Monotherapy with estrogens and gestagens

Estrogens can also be administered transdermally:

Estradiol, gel, apply on the skin of the abdomen or buttocks 0.5-1 mg 1 r / day, permanently, or patch, stick on the skin 0.05-0.1 mg 1 r / week, permanently.

Indications for transdermal estrogen administration:

■ insensitivity to oral drugs;

■ diseases of the liver, pancreas, malabsorption syndrome;

■ disorders in the hemostasis system, high risk of venous thrombosis;

■ hypertriglyceridemia that developed before oral administration of estrogen (especially conjugated) or against its background;

■ hyperinsulinemia;

■ arterial hypertension;

■ increased risk of formation of stones in the biliary tract;

■ smoking;

■ migraine;

■ to reduce insulin resistance and improve glucose tolerance;

■ for a more complete implementation of the HRT regimen by patients.

Monotherapy with gestagens is prescribed in premenopausal women with uterine myoma and adenomyosis, in which surgical treatment is not required, with dysfunctional uterine bleeding:

Dydrogesterone inside 5-10 mg 1 r / day

from the 5th to the 25th day or from the 11th to

25th day of the menstrual cycle or Levonorgestrel, intrauterine

system1, insert into the uterine cavity,

single dose or medroxyprogesterone 10 mg orally

1 r / day from the 5th to the 25th day or from

11th to 25th day of the menstrual cycle or

Oral progesterone 100 mcg once daily from days 5 to 25 or from days 11 to 25 of the menstrual cycle or into the vagina 100 mcg once daily from days 5 to 25 or from day 11 to the 25th day of the menstrual cycle. With irregular cycles, gestagens can be prescribed only from the 11th to the 25th day of the menstrual cycle (for its regulation); with regular, both schemes for the use of drugs are suitable.

Combination therapy with two- or three-phase estrogen-progestin drugs in a cyclic or continuous mode

Such therapy is indicated for perimenopausal women with preserved uterus.

The use of biphasic estrogen-progestin drugs in a cyclic mode

Estradiol valerate orally 2 mg 1 r / day, 9 days

Estradiol valerate/levonorgestrel orally 2 mg/0.15 mg 1 r/day, 12 days, then break 7 days or

Estradiol valerate orally 2 mg, 11 days +

Estradiol valerate/medroxyprogesterone orally 2 mg/10 mg 1 r/day, 10 days, then break for 7 days, or

Estradiol valerate orally 2 mg

1 r / day, 11 days

Estradiol valerate / cyproterone inside 2 mg / 1 mg 1 r / day, 10 days, then a break of 7 days.

The use of biphasic estrogen-gestagenic drugs in continuous mode

Estradiol inside 2 mg 1 r / day, 14 days

Estradiol / dydrogesterone by mouth

2 mg / 10 mg 1 r / day, 14 days or

Estrogens conjugated orally 0.625 mg 1 r / day, 14 days

Conjugated estrogens / medroxyprogesterone orally 0.625 mg / 5 mg 1 r / day, 14 days.

The use of biphasic estrogen-progestin drugs with a prolonged estrogenic phase in continuous mode

Estradiol valerate inside 2 mg 1 r / day, 70 days

Estradiol valerate / medroxyprogesterone inside 2 mg / 20 mg 1 r / day, 14 days

The use of three-phase estrogen-gestagenic drugs in continuous mode

Estradiol inside 2 mg 1 r / day, 12 days +

Estradiol / norethisterone inside 2 mg / 1 mg 1 r / day, 10 days

Estradiol inside 1 mg 1 r / day, 6 days.

Therapy with combined monophasic estrogen-gestagen drugs in continuous mode

Indicated for postmenopausal women with preserved uterus. This HRT regimen is also recommended for women who have undergone hysterectomy for adenomyosis or cancer of the internal genital organs (uterus, cervix, ovaries) no earlier than 1-2 years after surgery (appointment will be agreed with oncologists). Indications - severe CS after treatment of the initial stages of endometrial cancer and malignant ovarian tumors (cured cancer of the cervix, vulva and vagina is not considered a contraindication to the use of monophasic estrogen-progestin drugs):

Estradiol valerate/dienogest

The postmenopausal period is accompanied by the extinction of ovarian function. A decrease in estrogen in the blood causes a complete restructuring of the body, accompanied by the occurrence of unpleasant symptoms and diseases. Consultation with a doctor, appointment of treatment will help a woman survive this difficult time.

Postmenopausal period in women - what is it?

Changes in a woman's body are reflected both in her appearance and in her internal state. The development of possible diseases and the approach of old age causes fear.

With the onset of 45 years of age, a gradual extinction of the reproductive function of a woman occurs, menstruation disappears, and the size of the uterus and ovaries decreases. A decrease in estrogen levels, changes in the functioning of the hypothalamus lead to unpleasant neurovegetative and psychosomatic symptoms. The postmenopausal period begins from the moment of the absence of menstrual flow and ends after the full adaptation of the body. There is no clear time frame, genetics and individual characteristics determine this indicator. At this time, a woman is faced with hot flashes, excessive sweating, insomnia, impaired psycho-emotional state, the occurrence of pain in the limbs.

The period after menopause and hormones

The hormonal function of the ovaries begins to restructure long before the last menstruation. Cyclic changes are due to the development of follicle resistance to FSH with a decrease in inhibin secretion. In the post-menopausal period, women do not produce progesterone, the production of estrogen decreases, which is accompanied by hormonal imbalance. In some of the fair sex, this stage is asymptomatic, while others experience pain in the lower abdomen, dizziness.

The female body produces more than 70 types of hormones, estrogens are responsible for the restructuring in menopause.

During menopause, estradiol, estriol and estrone are synthesized in the adrenal glands and adipose tissue. After the onset of menopause, the amount of the former decreases, and the latter increases, which leads to an increase in male hormones in the female body. When analyzing blood, the indicators should correspond to the following level: the amount of estradiol 10-20 lg / ml, estrol 30-70 lg / ml, androstenedione 1.25 to 6.3 nmol / l, testosterone 0.13 to 2.6 lg / ml.

Postmenopausal period in women: symptoms and treatment of pathologies

Memory problems, dry skin, forgetfulness, inability to concentrate are associated with a decrease in estrogen levels. Some symptoms may impair performance.

Upon reaching menopause, the restructuring of the hormonal background comes to an end, the number of estrogens becomes extremely small, which affects the functioning of all systems, is accompanied by the appearance of deep wrinkles, a violation of the hair structure, loss of tone and elasticity of the skin. Metabolic disorders, constipation, problems with motor coordination, difficulties with the thought process, nervousness, insomnia, depression in the postmenopausal period are symptoms that require a visit to a doctor.

Postmenopausal period in women: symptoms that indicate the development of diseases

Treatment in the postmenopausal period is required for:

• Increased risk of cardiovascular disease - rapid heartbeat, rhythm disturbances, high blood pressure (hypertension); the walls of blood vessels become thin and inelastic, which affects blood circulation; slow metabolism provokes an increase in cholesterol, which forms blood clots, so there is a possibility of developing angina pectoris, coronary heart disease.
• Risks of osteoporosis - a decrease in the amount of estrogen affects bone tissue; it becomes brittle, so fractures become more frequent.
• The development of Alzheimer's disease, which is accompanied by a decrease in memory, followed by progressive dementia.

There are also problems in the gynecological area - in the post-menopausal period in women, discharge with blood is an alarming sign of elevated estrogen levels, which can lead to cancer of the breast, cervix, and ovaries. Any opaque discharge with a smell is also dangerous.

With minor deviations, it is necessary to consult a doctor, because many diseases at the initial stage are masked and practically asymptomatic.

Postmenopausal period: treatment and elimination of symptoms

To reduce the intensity of symptoms, eliminate the likelihood of diseases, it is necessary to review the diet and include yoga in the daily routine.

A comprehensive change in life will help a woman improve her condition during such a period. An age-appropriate diet must be followed. A balanced diet should include foods that contain beneficial omega acids. They are found in nuts, red fish, flax seeds, sesame seeds. To maintain bone tissue, you need to consume dairy and sour-milk products. Fresh fruits and vegetables will help speed up your metabolism. The diet includes cereals and whole grain flour products.

Avoiding stressful situations, the absence of overstrain at work will help ensure a healthy, sound sleep. Hiking, regular exercise, yoga and breathing exercises can improve well-being.

By quitting smoking, you can reduce the risk of breast cancer by 1/3.

If the symptoms interfere with leading a fulfilling life, doctors prescribe hormone replacement therapy, which normalizes the hormonal background.

Why should you see a doctor?

Menopause is not a disease, but a natural process in a woman's body. If symptoms occur, it is necessary to consult a doctor in order to undergo a diagnosis and identify possible risks of diseases. Gynecological examination, ultrasound will help determine the condition of the external genitalia, ovaries. As a result of hormonal studies, the doctor will determine the need for hormone replacement therapy. You can make an appointment for a consultation or appointment with a doctor.

18264 0 0

INTERACTIVE

It is extremely important for women to know everything about their health - especially for primary self-diagnosis. This rapid test will allow you to better listen to the state of your body and not miss important signals in order to understand whether you need to contact a specialist and make an appointment.