Treatment of Parkinson's disease is a set of methods and methods for overcoming and alleviating the symptoms of this pathology using medical, folk and other alternative means. The disease itself most often begins to manifest itself in old age, when the patient has a number of chronic diseases in addition to it. This greatly complicates the treatment process and forces specialists to select therapy taking into account all factors that may affect the health status of a particular patient.

Is a complete cure possible?

Parkinson's disease is a degenerative pathology from the field of neurological diseases, during which neurons in the human brain are destroyed, leading to a decrease in the synthesis of the substance dopamine.

Dopamine is the most important neurotransmitter responsible for coordinating human movements. The disease is inevitable, although slowly progressing.

It begins with subtle symptoms - decreased sense of smell and sweating. Such symptoms rarely immediately indicate an impending illness to anyone, so patients almost never pay due attention to them and do not go to the doctor.

All this continues until the symptoms of parkinsonism become obvious. Stiffness and slowness of movements occur, which in the process of progression leads to hypertonicity of muscle tissue. Then a small-amplitude tremor of one of the hands develops. This is another main indicator of parkinsonism. The tremor gradually spreads to the second arm, and then to both legs. The last stages of Parkinson's disease are characterized by the loss of the ability to control one's own body, loss of balance, and the patient.

There are no means in modern medicine to completely cure such a pathology. All existing treatment methods are aimed at alleviating symptoms, which are expressed at one or another stage of the patient’s disease to varying degrees and forms. In this context, therapy turns out to be quite effective; with its help, the patient’s active, full life can be increased by 15 years.

Drug therapy

Principle of drug selection

The choice of medications for treating a patient with parkinsonism depends on the stage of the disease at the moment. In the initial stages, drugs are used to stimulate the synthesis of dopamine, the concentration of which in the body in Parkinson's disease falls catastrophically. Medicines are also used to slow down the breakdown of this neurotransmitter and prevent its reuptake by stimulating the brain receptors responsible for this process. These medications have similar effects to antidepressants. At the initial stages of the disease, doctors most often recommend the use of dopamine receptor antagonist drugs based on ropinirole, rotigotine, pramipexole and others, as well as MAO inhibitors type B based on razalgin and activators of dopamine extraction from the neuronal depot of amatadine.

By the third stage of the disease, the most effective antiparkinsonian drug of our time, Levodopa, is usually added to the treatment regimen. From the moment of starting treatment, on average, up to 8 years, patients feel a noticeable effect from such therapy. This period in medicine is usually called “honey” in relation to the treatment of parkinsonism. Therapy with Levodopa in patients with onset of the disease after 70 years of age begins immediately.

Medicines for treatment

The most effective medications that specialists prescribe to patients when Parkinson's disease is diagnosed can be summarized in a table.

Table of pharmacological drugs used to treat parkinsonism

Tradename	Active substance	Pharmaceutical group
Azilect	Rasagiline	Antiparkinsonian drug. MAO inhibitor
Amlodipine	Amlodipine besilate	Cardiovascular drugs. Calcium ion antagonists
Asparkam	Potassium aspartate and magnesium aspartate	Agents that primarily affect tissue metabolic processes. Medicines containing and
Clonazepam	Clonazepam	Medicines that act primarily on the central nervous system. Anticonvulsants
Levodopa	Levodopa	Antiparkinsonian drug
Lecithin	Soy lecithin	Drugs used for liver diseases. Lipotropic agents
Madopar	Levopa with benserazide
Mexidol	Ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate
Mydocalm	Tolperisone hydrochloride	Medicines that act primarily on the peripheral nervous system. Centrally acting muscle relaxants
Mirapex	Pramipexole dihydrochloride monohydrate	Medicines that act primarily on the central nervous system. Medicines used to treat parkinsonism
Piracetam	Piracetam	Medicines that act primarily on the central nervous system. Nootropic and gamkergic drugs
Resveratrol	Red extract, Reinutria japonica (roots/rhizome, trans-resveratrol), extract (leaf), extract
Phenibut	Phenibut	Psychostimulants and nootropics
Cinnarizine	Cinnarizine	Cardiovascular drugs. Medicines that improve cerebral circulation

The vast majority of medications aimed against the symptoms of this disease are designed to influence the dopamine system to alleviate motor symptoms, which primarily serve as a reason for the patient to seek medical help.

The dopamine precursor drug Levodopa has been a classic treatment for such manifestations in Parkinson's disease since the 1960s. However, with long-term use of such treatment, even in young patients with non-advanced stages of the disease, there is a decrease in the effectiveness of therapy and the occurrence of disabling motor complications.

Levodopa differs from the neurotransmitter dopamine itself in that it is able to penetrate the blood-brain barrier and ideally compensate for the lack of dopamine in Parkinson's disease. In this case, the conversion of the drug into dopamine also occurs in the peripheral tissue, which requires the use of DOPA decarboxylase inhibitors in parallel with the drug in order to avoid untimely metabolism.

Levodopa is not used in the initial stages of the disease, unless we are talking about cases of initially severe manifestations of motor reactions. The most common side effects in this treatment are motor complications of a disabling type, which will need to be treated with other drugs.

DOPA decarboxylase inhibitors are used in the treatment of parkinsonism to suppress dopamine synthesis from Levodopa.

They are not capable of penetrating the blood-brain barrier, which leads to the synthesis of dopamine exclusively in peripheral tissues. The use of DOPA decarboxylase inhibitors together with Levodopa helps to reduce the dosage of the latter without causing any side effects.

Catecholorthomethyltransferase inhibitors help reduce the body's exposure to enzymes that utilize neurotransmitters, including dopamine. Such drugs are always used only in combination with Levodopa and DOPA decarboxylase inhibitors, so that the half-life of these substances can be extended. Such drugs help fight motor complications after Levodopa, so in the later stages of the disease these drugs are used in combination. A side effect of taking catecholorthomethyltransferase inhibitors is darkening of the urine.

Small molecules representing dopamine receptor antagonists are able to compensate for the lack of dopamine in parkinsonism. The chemical structure divides these drugs into ergoline and non-ergoline. The former cause a huge number of side effects, so the latter are predominantly used for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. They are designed to moderately control motor symptoms, so in the early stages of the disease, the use of dopamine receptor antagonists alone is sufficient. This is the first line of therapy, which is subsequently supplemented with Levodopa and other medications. Side effects from treatment with these drugs may include swelling, nausea, drowsiness, and orthostatic hypotension.

To avoid the breakdown of dopamine, it is recommended to use drugs responsible for suppressing the action of B-type monoamine oxidase enzymes - monoamine oxidase B inhibitors. Motor symptoms improve moderately with these drugs, so they are rarely used as monotherapy, and are more often prescribed together with Levodopa and DOPA decarboxylase inhibitors. Experts call depressive states, headaches, and increased unwanted effects of Levodopa use as side effects from these drugs.

Amantadine is not only an antiviral agent, but can also play the role of an antagonist of glutamate NMDA receptors in the early treatment of parkinsonism. The drug can be used for monotherapy in the absence of indications for other drugs; it is also used in complex treatment if dyskinesias develop when using Levodopa with DOPA decarboxylase inhibitors. With the help of amantadine, it is possible to stop acute increases in rigidity and hypokinesia, which lead to immobilization and disruption of bulbar functions.

To suppress acetylcholine impulses, cholinergic blockers are used in the form of small molecules. These are the first drugs in medicine that were used to treat Parkinson's disease. However, the effectiveness of such therapy has not been fully studied, so today these drugs are used only for severe tremor in young patients.

Vitamins for parkinsonism

Patients with Parkinson's disease often experience eating disorders due to high muscle tone. Therefore, vitamin-mineral complexes are designed in this case to ensure the supply of all substances necessary for health into the body, in addition, each of the vitamins can additionally have a healing effect on the symptoms of parkinsonism. With this pathology, the body needs , and , which help slow the progress of the disease.

A deficiency in Parkinson's disease can lead to its progression, since it is this vitamin that is responsible for the formation of protective barriers against free radicals, which cause the death of brain cells. You should look for vitamin D in liver and other fish products, or take it in the form of drops.

Surgery

For Parkinson's disease, not only therapeutic treatment is used, but also a number of surgical techniques, including:

• stereotaxy (destructive operations pallidotomy and thalamotomy);
• deep electrical stimulation of the brain;
• surgery using genes (stem cells).

Stereotactic surgery

Stereotactic surgery is based on the destruction of certain zones in the central nervous system using a gamma or cyber knife, a proton or linear accelerator. This is the so-called radiofrequency electrosurgery, which allows targeted impact on the affected areas of the brain, minimizing damage to the surrounding area of ​​the desired area through stereotaxy. Stereotaxis independently calculates and penetrates to the point of defeat with minimal error. The maximum stereotaxic error is 1 millimeter. The effectiveness of stereotaxy demonstrates high results, but the disadvantage of the technique is the high cost and inaccessibility of such treatment for most domestic patients.

Deep electrical stimulation

Deep electrical stimulation of certain points in the central nervous system is usually carried out as follows. The subthalamic nuclei and globus pallidus are connected to thin electrodes using surgery under local anesthesia. Low-frequency electric current is supplied to the electrode area using a neurostimulator. A neurostimulator is a special device sewn into the skin under the chest. The stitching is performed under general anesthesia.

Most patients after this procedure note a significant reduction in the manifestations of tremor, improvement in motor functions, and elimination of neurological disorders.

Such surgery can be performed if:

• drug treatment does not produce results;
• the disease progresses very quickly;
• the patient encountered the problem before the age of 75;
• the patient does not have severe mental disorders;
• the patient has severe side effects from taking Levodopa;
• shaking paralysis lasts more than 5 years;
• The patient does not have cancer or somatic disorders.

In order for the effectiveness of deep electrical stimulation of the brain to be higher, the patient is examined by parkinologists on the eve of surgery, and he undergoes a routine MRI or CT scan. After neurostimulation, medications are not discontinued. The first exposure to the generator can be carried out 2-4 weeks after surgery, then an individual schedule for exposure to equipment and medications is developed. The battery of the device functions for 5 years, after which it is replaced surgically.

Stem cells from umbilical cord blood are the source and prototype of the cellular structure of all organs of the human body, including the brain.

For the treatment of Parkinson's disease, as well as for many other neurological pathologies, they can be used quite effectively. The fact is that when stem cells are introduced into the human body, they are independently able to determine the location of damaged tissues and begin to regenerate them. This occurs by activating the growth of stem cells and introducing them into the patient’s tissue. Those neurons that are in their rudimentary form in the body begin to grow and produce dopamine. New dopaminergic neurons steadily contribute to the restoration of the patient’s motor activity, eliminating previously existing motor asymmetries. The result of gene therapy is a significant improvement in the clinical picture of parkinsonism, elimination of tremor and restoration of motor coordination. The thought process also improves, the richness of speech is restored, and a person’s intellectual abilities begin to manifest themselves.

After a comprehensive medical examination of the patient, doctors collect his cells and grow them for some time to a certain size. After this, populations of neuronally differentiated cells are transplanted into the body of the parkinsonian patient, and after 3-4 months, experts are already noticing the first positive changes in the patient’s health.

Procedures and spa treatment

A liquid nitrogen

One of the latest methods of treating Parkinson's disease is freezing the area responsible for the disease with liquid nitrogen. If the neurosurgeon accurately performs freezing, then the patient has every chance of getting rid of tremor. All surgical interventions must be carried out under X-ray control, since the accuracy of the calculation of the zone of liquid nitrogen injection by the neurosurgeon must be very high.

In this case, the zone of the substantia nigra, which is responsible for the smoothness of movements in a healthy person, is subject to freezing.

In patients with parkinsonism, its functionality is impaired, so it is advisable to kill it using low nitrogen temperatures of 190 degrees. The freezing process lasts 2 minutes, during which it is necessary to freeze about 8 millimeters of the atrophied black substance.

Ultrasound for treatment

In Israel, a special one was invented that is capable of influencing the desired areas of brain tissue with its impulse. After the first experimental ultrasound treatment, the patient emerged completely healthy after the procedure. It is carried out in a non-invasive way, that is, without anesthesia and surgery. To carry it out, it is necessary to put a special helmet on the patient’s head for a few minutes and turn on the computer tomograph to supply radiation. The method is completely safe and painless, but is rarely used due to its high cost and inaccessibility.

Acupuncture for Parkinsonism

Using an experiment on mice, the effectiveness was proven in the case of Parkinson's disease. At the same time, the authors of such a study can explain the positive effect of acupuncture on Parkinson’s disease solely by the placebo effect, since the mechanism of action of acupuncture could not be clarified. However, it is assumed that acupuncture can combat the manifestations of Parkinson's disease due to the fact that this Eastern technique prevents brain inflammation, which is aggravated during the development of Parkinson's disease.

The studies, although they did not show a clear pattern between the improvement of the patient’s condition and acupuncture, still had useful results, as they demonstrated the ability of acupuncture to prolong the duration of the effects of drugs and improve the patient’s quality of life and life expectancy.

Hirudotherapy or treatment with leeches

By analogy with acupuncture, it can have a targeted effect on the nervous system. In addition, treatment with leeches has another beneficial effect in Parkinson's disease - neurotrophic, the essence of which is that substances from the saliva of leeches can restore the functionality of the nervous system at the cellular level.

There are suggestions that with the help of hirudotherapy it is possible to cure diseases that are caused by organic lesions in the central nervous system, for example, Parkinson's disease, post-stroke condition, multiple sclerosis and others.

Data from numerous studies confirm that the saliva of leeches contains many substances that can awaken the reproductive function of the human body and restore the functionality of lost organs and their cells.

Physiotherapy during treatment

Even with constant therapeutic intervention, the symptoms of Parkinson's disease continue to gradually develop. Timely use of physical therapy will help maintain the maximum level of mobility. Today, several approaches to the rehabilitation of motor processes in parkinsonians are known, the main goal of which is to improve the quality of life by increasing physical activity and eliminating secondary complications during the course of the disease. Researchers have found evidence of short-term benefits from physical therapy for Parkinson's disease, but the best physical therapy technique in this context remains an open question.

Physiotherapeutic procedures can stimulate metabolic processes in the body, improve blood flow, and have a reflex effect on brain activity. The most effective physiotherapeutic techniques in the treatment of Parkinson's disease are considered to be the following:

• ultrasound;
• mineral baths.

The integrated use of physiotherapy, physical therapy and massage helps to prolong the usual lifestyle of a patient with Parkinson's disease and minimizes the risks of depressive conditions.

Fasting during illness

There is an opinion, unconfirmed by doctors, that fasting can be used to treat Parkinson's disease. Official medical sources talk about the need for a nutritious diet for this disease, so that the body is able to produce protection against free radicals and has the ability to reproduce new cells. However, in some cases, doctors say that it is possible to correct the condition of patients with parkinsonism with the help of a course of fasting, which should in no case be accompanied by loss of fluid from the body. Electrolyte levels in the blood of a patient with Parkinson's disease must be constant, so drinking mineral-rich fluids should be the basis of any fasting.

However, in most cases, experts are categorically against the idea that patients with Parkinsonism can fast. Even a week without nutritious food can harm a person. Information about a decrease in the severity of symptoms during fasting in Parkinson's patients has no scientific basis. The only scientifically substantiated reason for fasting for this disease is its combination with gene therapy. However, stem cell treatment is very expensive and is not available in domestic medicine, so we are not talking about fasting here.

The essence of the fasting method for Parkinson's disease is its ability to prevent the destruction of neurons and connections between them through the production of a protein that strengthens the cellular brain structure, as with any physical activity. In addition, autophagy also speaks in favor of fasting. This concept means the study of the process of cell destruction within itself. At the same time, for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, that aspect of autophagy is important, which indicates the ability of cells at certain stages to clear themselves of defective particles and thereby become stronger. This process is very important for brain neurons. And lack of nutrition can trigger the autophagy mechanism to the maximum.

Nobody offers strict diets to patients with Parkinsonism; most often, those who insist on the benefits of fasting suggest eating according to the “5 by 2” scheme, in which only 2 days a week you need to adhere to a diet of 500-600 kilocalories per day, while actively leaning on the water.

There is also a known pattern of daily nutrition from 11 a.m. to 7 p.m. without reviewing food in the case of Parkinson’s patients. However, in any case, any dietary changes for patients should be prescribed by doctors; it is strictly forbidden to switch to any special diet on your own if you have Parkinson’s disease.

Folk remedies

Herbs for treatment

Among traditional methods of treating Parkinson's disease, the most popular is herbal treatment or herbal medicine. Useful components of natural recipes can really help, in combination with drug therapy, to stop the development of symptoms, improve bowel movements, establish normal sleep, and so on. Most often, phytotherapeutic recipes promote calm, improve metabolic processes in the body, and somewhat reduce the manifestations of tremor. For this purpose, traditional healers recommend that patients brew herbal teas.

There are several recipes for such teas. For example, you can take a tablespoon or and mix it with a teaspoon. Brew the mixture in ½ liter of boiling water, leave for 30 minutes, strain. You should drink herbal tea twice a day instead of regular tea. Another recipe calls for using fresh rather than dried plants. For it you need to take and pass all the leaves through a juicer. For each meal you need half a glass of this juice, you need to drink it three times a day 15 minutes before the main meal.

You can also make tea from equal parts of thyme and half the dose of motherwort and mistletoe. Take 1 tablespoon of the mixture, pour it into a thermos and steam it with 1 glass of boiling water for an hour. You should drink this tea on an empty stomach in the morning and half a glass in the evening before bed. Every day it is necessary to update the tea leaves and make a fresh infusion.

An important phytotherapeutic method for treating Parkinson's disease is the use of fragrant herb or sagan-dayla. If you prepare a decoction from such a herb, it will help improve memory and activate brain activity. You can prepare a herbal decoction by steaming a teaspoon of dried herb with a glass of boiling water for 10 minutes and then cooling. After the broth has cooled, you need to drink it all at once, without leaving it for later. You need to drink 2 glasses of this decoction a day for a month, and then take a break.

Bee products

In Parkinson's disease, bee products, or more precisely bee venom, can act as an anticholinergic on the human body. It helps nourish brain cells, enhances the conductivity of neurons, releases mast cells and thereby normalizes metabolism and renews the body. In addition, it is bee venom that can enhance the production of corticosteroids in the body from the adrenal glands, acting directly on the hypothalamus. The skeletal muscles that contribute to tremor in parkinsonism begin to relax under its influence, and spasms go away. Bee venom is also known for its immunomodulatory properties.

Bee venom can be used for Parkinson's disease on bioactive points in the form of bee stings, in the form of ointments and creams.

In this case, you can use royal jelly with its rejuvenating and restorative effects, as well as drone homogenate with a similar formula. Royal jelly is used in all kinds of honey compositions in courses of 2 months. Bee pollen will also be effective, especially in improving metabolic processes, removing toxins, and also as an active source of a vitamin-mineral complex. It is necessary to use honey compositions based on bee pollen. The product is consumed 1 teaspoon once a day for 2 months.

To regenerate the cellular structure of the brain, it is used in the form of tinctures and in pure form. Propolis helps improve immunity and strengthens the patient’s body during long-term medical treatment. Propolis tinctures can be prepared both with and with water.

Bee moth extract with its anti-sclerotic vascular effect and the ability to enrich the human body with enzymes can also be quite useful for parkinsonians. All of the above bee products can be consumed in the form of honey compositions. Many of them are also included in the composition itself, which even in its pure form has a sedative effect on a person and can independently overcome tremors in the limbs.

Oat decoction

When used for parkinsonism, it helps to effectively stop involuntary motor activity that occurs due to damage to certain areas of the brain. To achieve a therapeutic effect, you should prepare a special decoction of grains and take it over a long course on a daily basis.

To prepare a decoction of oat seeds, you need to rinse a glass of oats in water and leave it overnight with a liter of boiled water. In the morning, the water is drained from the cereal and boiled for 1 hour over low heat. Then such a volume of water is added to the pan so that the total mass is 1 liter. The finished infusion of rice water is taken three times a day, half a glass, for six months, taking breaks for 2 weeks every month and a half.

Treatment centers

Parkinson's disease is a very common disease, affecting every hundredth person on the planet over the age of 65.

In many countries around the world, special clinics and rehabilitation centers have been opened, where patients with this diagnosis are able to provide qualified medical and psychological assistance and prolong their normal life. There are such centers both in Russia and in Europe, America and other countries of the world.

Russian centers

Among the best Russian treatment centers that provide care to patients with Parkinson's are:

1. National Medical and Surgical Center named after N.I. Pirogov, who has been carrying out multidisciplinary activities for more than a century, associated with numerous scientific discoveries and achievements in the treatment of Parkinson’s pathology.
2. Patero Clinic is a diagnostic and treatment center with European standards of service quality and ultra-modern medical technologies, which is comprehensively engaged in diagnostic and research work in many branches of medicine.
3. Federal State Budgetary Institution “Clinical Hospital No. 1” of the Administration of the President of the Russian Federation (Volynskaya), which is a multifunctional clinic with a clinic, a rehabilitation center, a diagnostic building and a hospital for many specialties of medicine, including pathologies of the nervous system, including Parkinson’s disease.
4. The treatment and rehabilitation center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, where for the first time in Russia, European standards in treatment were introduced, which imply the use of proactive diagnostics (which is very valuable in identifying Parkinson’s disease in the early stages), modern methods of gentle treatment, necessary rehabilitation procedures in many areas of medicine.

Treatment abroad

The highest level of service and medicine in general, individual treatment regimens in each specific case, innovations in therapeutic and surgical approaches are just a small part of why treatment of Parkinson’s disease abroad is in great demand. The realities of domestic clinics and the capabilities of doctors suggest exclusively therapeutic procedures in the treatment of parkinsonism, which often do not have the desired effect on the disease and the patient’s well-being.

Leading clinics abroad are actively using effective minimally invasive treatment methods against Parkinson's disease, which suppress pathological impulses and stimulate brain structures. In the case of such treatment, it is possible to easily reduce the medication load of each patient, improve the quality of his life, and prolong the period of activity.

The high-tech equipment of European and American clinics has no analogues in domestic hospitals. Clinics in Germany, Israel, Switzerland and other highly developed countries offer all patients highly accurate diagnosis of their disease with specific risks of progression in the future. The innovations of Western scientists are based on their identification of special biological markers that signal the prospects for the development of Parkinson's disease in the body. The possibility of early diagnosis helps to promptly stop the symptoms of parkinsonism, prevent their progression and the rapid development of pathology. The effectiveness of foreign medicine in treating parkinsonism is expressed by a noticeable reduction in the number of symptoms when the disease is detected, and a qualitative improvement in the patient’s health. Therapy with drugs is very effective and costs several times less than surgery for this disease in the same clinics.

However, surgical treatment of Parkinson's disease in Israeli clinics can prevent disability, return people to their usual normal life, and improve their psycho-emotional state. For example, the Hadassah Medical Center in Israel helps patients with severe forms of Parkinson's disease to surgically get rid of most of the symptoms and their development in the body. The pricing policy for medical services in this clinic is much more flexible compared to similar policies in many European clinics.

Parkinson's patients are also effectively treated in clinics in Germany. For example, the Alfred Krupp Clinic in Essen, Germany, in the department of neurology and neurosurgery, conducts a comprehensive diagnosis of patients who apply, determining precisely the nature of their motor pathologies. Treatment here is carried out using minimally invasive neurosurgical and neurological techniques.

The Department of Neurology at the Charité in Berlin treats up to 28 thousand patients annually. In addition to Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy and many rare pathologies of the nervous system are also treated here. It has its own intensive care unit, a pediatric neurology department and a unit responsible for clinical research.

Which doctor should I contact?

The rapid progression of Parkinson's disease indicates the importance of timely diagnosis in patients. Since in this case all manifestations usually relate to the activity of the nervous system, patients usually turn to a neurologist, who must carry out all stages of diagnostic procedures for the disease, assess the severity of the process and prescribe treatment to prevent complications and aggravate the course of the disease. To contact a neurologist, it is enough to come to the clinic at your place of residence or apply for a paid appointment at a private clinic where specialists of a similar profile are accepted. There are neurologists who specialize in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, so it is best to consult with them.

Sometimes, at the first symptoms of parkinsonism, patients first turn to for help. If the therapist identifies signs of Parkinson's disease, he himself refers the patient to a specialized doctor for a detailed examination and diagnosis. Since it will take a very long time to treat Parkinson's disease, choosing a qualified doctor for this case is very advisable. It is best to do this based on reviews from other patients, taking into account the specialist’s work experience and level of qualifications.

Parkinson's disease is a disease of the nervous system that leads to the death of neurons in the substantia nigra: the part of the brain responsible for motor functions.

Despite the fact that it is impossible to cure completely, medications for Parkinson's disease can slow down the destruction of nerve tissue and stop its development.

Treatment is carried out mostly by medication; traditional medicine in this case is less effective. By choosing the right methods and means of therapy, you can achieve significant relief of symptoms.

In Parkinson's time, medicine was not yet advanced enough to find an effective treatment for the disease, and people affected by shaking palsy died much faster.

Currently, experts identify a variety of treatment options.

After diagnosis, they are prescribed individually in order to achieve the most effective results in each case.

Since this disease often affects older people, medications should be selected taking into account the patient’s age group, and used under the supervision of a specialist. Among the variety of medications, the following groups of medications have proven themselves to be effective.

Dopamine receptor agonists

Such remedies are designed to replenish the lack of dopamine in the body and are among the most effective. Taking them noticeably slows down the process of impaired motor functions.

There are two types of dopamine drugs: argoline agonists, found in ergot, and non-ergoline agonists. In the initial stages, ADRs are prescribed extremely rarely; they are mainly used if Levodopa (the physiological precursor of dopamine) is no longer able to reduce symptoms, and it becomes increasingly difficult for a person to move. Therefore, it is more advisable to treat with these drugs at later stages of the disease.

Since long-term treatment with Levodopa can cause side effects, in some cases the drugs are used in combination - in this case their severity is noticeably reduced.

The most common dopamine receptor agonist medications are the following:

• Pramipexole;
• Pergolide;
• Cabergoline;
• Apomorphine.

When you use the same drug for Parkinson's disease for a long time, it sooner or later becomes ineffective. To avoid the development of tolerance, breaks are taken in taking the drugs for a period of 1-2 weeks.

Parkinson's patch

In addition to tablet medications, there are drugs produced in a more unusual form.

Many pharmacies sell a patch for Parkinson's containing rotigotine as an active substance.

This is an effective ADR, which in this form has some advantages over tablets.

A thin patch is applied to an area of ​​skin, and a small amount of the substance is constantly released into the body, but sufficient for a positive effect. Because the dosage can be controlled more precisely, the risk of side effects is reduced. It is applicable both at the initial and late stages of the disease.

The continuous supply of the drug into the body through the skin is more physiological and eliminates the likelihood of some undesirable effects associated with sudden jumps in the level of the drug in the blood when taking tablets.

An integrated approach to the treatment of Parkinson's disease allows us to achieve effective results in treating the disease. Following the link, we will consider traditional methods of treating the disease.

MAO inhibitors

Mononoxidase inhibitors were noted by both patients and specialists as not only effective, but also safer drugs. They slow down the oxidation of dopamine, resulting in an increase in its concentration in synapses.

Of the MAO inhibitors, Selegiline is the most common. It has practically no side effects, and if they do exist, they are quite mild and do not become a reason to stop therapy. Patients usually take MAO inhibitors before Levodopa or in combination with it. Selegiline significantly enhances the effect of Levodopa.

With complex therapy, MAO inhibitors reduce the side effects that Levodopa often produces.

Vitamins

Vitamins are a kind of cure for all existing diseases.

They make the body stronger, making it easier for it to cope with the negative processes taking place in it, and Parkinson’s disease is no exception.

Although vitamins are not prescribed as the only remedy, they are simply necessary in combination.

Vitamins B, C and E occupy a special place in the treatment of this disease. You should also consume thiamine, nicotinic, and linoleic acids. All of these vitamins help slow down the development of tremors and ease the effects of medications on the body.

Homeopathy

Although many experts doubt that treatment with homeopathic remedies can achieve the desired results, they can still be used. They are prescribed mainly to people for whom it is dangerous and inappropriate to use drugs with a normal dosage. In this case, it makes sense to contact a homeopath who can select pills.

Among those prescribed, you can most often find:

• Tantgal 30;
• Vitorgan;
• Tabakum D6;
• Rus Venenata 12.

The effectiveness of homeopathic remedies has not been proven, and in many cases their use does not give the expected effect, so they cannot be considered as a replacement for stronger drugs.

Treatment with amino acids

As a result of a number of studies, experts saw a colossal effect from treating a patient with amino acids.

All symptoms were significantly reduced, and the patient’s well-being improved.

In addition, they not only did not cause harm, but also made it possible to reduce the dosage of other (stronger drugs) and reduce the side effects from their use.

All this happened because dopamine is formed from the amino acid tyrosine.

Hydrogen peroxide

No matter how strange it may seem, hydrogen peroxide can also alleviate the plight of the patient.

Although there is still controversy about this.

Some scientists believe that oxidative processes in general have a detrimental effect on the body and give impetus to the development of the disease, while others are of the view that drugs based on it, on the contrary, slow down the progression of shaking paralysis.

There is no exact data on this yet, so hydrogen peroxide is used extremely rarely.

Treatment with any drugs should be carried out under supervision and only with the prescription of the attending physician, since many of them can negatively affect the body and cause deterioration in well-being if taken incorrectly.

In addition, each of the drugs has a number of side effects that often interfere with treatment, and along with them additional drugs are prescribed that should relieve these negative effects. If treatment for Parkinson's disease is started from the early stages and taken seriously, the patient can live for many years without writing out a death sentence.

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Scientists have not yet created a cure for Parkinson's that completely stops degenerative processes in the brain or triggers their regression. Even alternative or radical methods of treating pathology provide only a temporary positive effect. Despite this, there are several areas that can significantly prolong a patient’s life, improve its quality, and delay the onset of disability. Pharmacotherapy is one of the most accessible and effective approaches that is used at all stages of the disease. Each component of drug treatment is selected by a doctor or must be agreed with him.

A cure for the disease has not yet been created that completely stops degenerative processes in the brain or triggers their regression.

Various Treatment Options for Parkinson's Disease

The fight against chronic central nervous system disease must be professional and comprehensive. Scattered application of even effective techniques will not give lasting results.

Medicines alone cannot treat the symptoms of Parkinson's disease.

After minimally invasive brain surgery, the patient still requires conservative therapy.

Treatment of Parkinson's disease - directions and their characteristics:

• pharmacotherapy – includes the use of specialized drugs, the action of which is aimed at inhibiting the development and spread of degenerative processes. This also includes medications to combat the side effects of basic medications, drugs for symptomatic and restorative therapy;
• physiotherapy – involves conducting massage and physical therapy sessions, using electromagnetic, ultrasound and other devices;
• techniques of oriental medicine - this can be acupuncture, acupuncture, special massage techniques, fumigation with medicinal herbs. Oriental therapy also offers its cures for Parkinson's disease, which mainly consist of natural ingredients;
• radical techniques - minimally invasive operations aimed at removing damaged areas of the brain or directly stimulating nervous tissue through electrodes;
• traditional medicine - to potentiate the effects of basic therapy, doctors often prescribe decoctions, infusions, and tinctures for oral administration to patients. Balms and ointments for external use and bath compositions have a pronounced therapeutic effect;
• auxiliary approaches are selected in accordance with the stage of the disease. The list includes a special diet, healthy types of physical activity, principles of maintaining a healthy lifestyle, and gymnastics for the intellect.

Electromagnetic devices can be used as physiotherapeutic treatment.

All cases of Parkinson's disease are unique, so the approach to the patient must be individualized. Each injection, tablet, or procedure must be coordinated with a doctor in order to prevent the situation from worsening, the development of side effects, and emergency conditions.

Do medications help?

The effectiveness of medical techniques for parkinsonism varies from person to person. According to statistics, a positive reaction to surgery is about 80% of cases, and anti-Parkinson pills help 75% of patients. Such indicators are achieved only with an integrated approach to solving the problem and strict adherence to the recommendations of the attending physician.

It is impossible to predict the body's response to the chosen therapy option or a specific medication. Sometimes a medication gives the desired effect, but its use in high doses is accompanied by such adverse reactions that the patient has to abandon it. In such situations, doctors often recommend brain surgery, the favorable outcome of which can reduce the amount of medication.

Drugs in the initial stages of the disease

The most effective drug used for Parkinson's disease is Levodopa and its analogues. The product has a significant disadvantage - it has an impressive list of side effects, which often manifest themselves and are characterized by a high degree of intensity. Even with long-term use of Levodopa in large volumes, patients begin to experience motor disorders, which are difficult to combat. In severe cases, periods of tremors and sudden involuntary movements alternate with periods of reduced purposeful motor activity. For these reasons, doctors try to prescribe medication as late as possible in patients under 70 years of age.

The most effective drug used for the disease is Levodopa.

At those stages of Parkinson's disease when symptoms are still mildly expressed, you can act without Levodopa. Most often, neurologists recommend Bromergon or Pronoran as specialized treatment. These drugs are able to stop the manifestations of pathology for 2-4 years and restrain its progress. Also, as a primary or secondary agent, the doctor may prescribe Selegiline or Amantadine. Some antiparkinsonian drugs are expensive, but this does not always indicate their quality and effectiveness.

Signs of positive dynamics develop on average within a month after the start of therapy. Despite the relatively low effectiveness compared to Levodopa, these medications are able to cope with the tasks assigned to them for 2-5 years. They have also proven themselves well as a component of combined approaches. If necessary, they can be supplemented with minimal amounts of Levodopa to obtain a more pronounced effect.

Medications in later stages

Levodopa has been the main targeted drug for the treatment of Parkinson's disease for several years. Before prescribing it, the doctor brings the funds already used to the maximum volume. When these products no longer provide satisfactory results, a transition to DOPA-containing formulations is made. They are extremely rarely used as independent products; in 99% of cases they are supplemented with other medications.

This is done to enhance the therapeutic effect of the approach and minimize the therapeutic doses of Levodopa. Various treatment regimens make it possible to reduce the daily volume of the main product by 25% or even more. Increasingly, combination drugs of the group – “Nakom”, “Stalevo”, “Madopar” - are used to combat the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease.

The scope of each component of pharmacotherapy is individual. They are selected by titration, starting with the minimum therapeutic dose. In the future, if necessary, the indicators are adjusted. Increases in volumes are resorted to only in cases where there is an obvious worsening of the clinical picture, leading to a decrease in the patient’s quality of life. According to statistics, the pronounced therapeutic effect of Levodopa lasts for 3-5 years, then it begins to decline.

Nakom is increasingly being used to combat the symptoms of the disease.

Innovative developments in medicine

Medicines used to combat Parkinson's according to the traditional regimen often cause negative side reactions. They are also not able to quickly bring relief; their effect develops several weeks or months after the start of therapy. Today, doctors are increasingly trying to prescribe drugs based on levodopa and amantadine to patients, which have been improved.

New generation drugs in the fight against Parkinson's disease:

• "Madopar" - tablets and capsules. They smooth out a number of symptoms that develop against the background of dysfunction of internal organs. For example, frequent trips to the toilet due to bladder problems;
• “Madopar GSS” is a composition for dissolution in water and subsequent oral administration. Acts twice as fast as the standard form, which allows you to get a quick effect;
• "PK-Merz" is an injection solution based on amantadine, which is prescribed intravenously.

In cases where medications for Parkinson's disease do not help or have to be taken in large doses, the patient is prescribed neurostimulation. During the minimally invasive surgery, electrodes are implanted into his brain and monitored through a device implanted under the skin of his chest. The system stimulates brain function, dulling symptoms, allowing the volume of medications to be reduced.

Madopar is a new generation of medicines in the fight against the disease.

Side effects

All negative consequences of drug therapy for Parkinson's are divided into two groups. The first includes early adverse reactions that occur soon after the start of treatment. They are the result of the use of a specific drug, becoming the result of the peculiarities of its mechanism of action. To eliminate the problem, you should abandon the composition in favor of its analogue, adjust the dosage or take a break from taking the drug for several days.

Early side effects of taking drugs for Parkinson's disease:

• disturbances in the functioning of the digestive system - nausea with or without vomiting, constipation, diarrhea;
• dysfunction of the nervous system - lethargy, drowsiness, dizziness. In more severe cases, sudden mood swings, hallucinations;
• problems in the functioning of the heart and/or blood vessels - heart rhythm disturbances, increase or decrease in blood pressure.

The second group of side effects is represented by late reactions. They occur several years after taking the same drug, which previously did not cause a negative response. In this case, reducing the dose is impossible, as it will lead to an exacerbation of the clinical picture of the underlying pathology. Such consequences have to be dealt with through symptomatic therapy.

An early symptom when taking medications for the disease is constipation.

Late side effects from taking drugs for Parkinson's disease:

• psychoses are serious disorders of a person’s mental activity, which are accompanied by increasing dementia. Against the background of degenerative brain damage, it is difficult to combat them with standard medications. Neuroleptics prescribed in such cases, due to the peculiarities of their mechanism of action, accelerate the development of Parkinson's. Patients are helped by atypical antipsychotics, antidepressants, tranquilizers;
• dyskinesia – disturbances in physical activity due to the occurrence of involuntary movements. Depending on the causes of development and clinical picture, they can be represented by one of three types. Most often these are irregular movements of the head, limbs, and torso, occurring at the peak of levodopa concentration in the blood. Problems can also develop against the background of a drop in the volume of the medicinal substance or its reduced content.

The fight against dyskinesias involves maintaining the volume of levodopa in the blood at a stable level. Additionally, atypical neuroleptics and antiepileptic drugs can be used. Vitamin B6 is used to correct movement disorders that occur with high doses of medications. It is used in very large volumes, which can lead to overdose.

Late effects are dyskinesias - disturbances in physical activity due to the occurrence of involuntary movements of the body and limbs.

Factors influencing the effectiveness of therapy

Even well-chosen medications for Parkinson's disease eventually cease to provide a lasting therapeutic response. Scientists have not yet fully figured out the reasons for this phenomenon and operate with a number of theories. The problem may be massive death of dopamine-dependent nerve cells or a decrease in their sensitivity to the action of the neurotransmitter. In some patients, after years of treatment, the absorption of Levodopa in the intestine decreases due to competition with amino acids.

Another reason for a decrease in the effectiveness of therapy may be the human factor. Violation of the rules for taking a drug, an independent attempt to replace a prescribed drug with an analogue, concurrent use of other drugs - all this affects the quality of treatment.

Levodopa should be taken against the background of complete abstinence from alcohol and limiting the amount of protein in the diet, otherwise its effect will be blurred.

Detailed list of medications for Parkinson's disease

Degenerative brain damage is accompanied not only by movement disorders. It is characterized by a large number of accompanying symptoms. Specialized medications alone cannot solve all problems. The approach to therapy should be comprehensive and multidirectional.

Brain damage is accompanied not only by movement disorders.

A complete list of medications used for Parkinson's disease:

• Levodopa is the main medicine that is converted into dopamine in the body. In addition to the base product, the doctor can prescribe “Nakom”, “Madopar”, “Stalevo”;
• antioxidants – prevent massive death of neurons under the influence of free radicals and toxins. Patients are advised to take Mexidol, Glutathione, and various dietary supplements;
• sleeping pills - allow you to normalize the daily routine, improve the quality of sleep, improving the general condition of the patient. If possible, therapy is limited to herbal teas and infusions, amino acids. In severe cases, Melatonin, capsules or Fitosed tincture are prescribed;
• vitamins - the complex is selected by the doctor in accordance with the characteristics of the case. Most often, the emphasis is on vitamins B3, C, D, E. Many patients are additionally prescribed supplements with iron;
• analgesics - designed to eliminate chronic pulling, tingling or burning sensations in the muscles. Typically, ibuprofen-based drugs are used to alleviate the patient's condition.

Medicines will give maximum effect if they are supplemented with massage and physiotherapeutic procedures. Good results are observed when combining traditional medicines with traditional medicine.

The number of drugs for Parkinson's is increasing every year. On the one hand, this makes it easier to select individual therapy, on the other hand, it confuses doctors and patients due to the abundance of options. Most often, neurologists start with standard, practice-tested schemes, making adjustments to them as necessary.

Parkinsonism syndrome occurs in a variety of neurological pathologies.

Diagnostics

Difficulties in determining the correct diagnosis usually arise early in the development of the disease. In this case, poor facial expressions or slowness of movements are often mistaken for manifestations of a depressive state, while decreased hand mobility is considered a symptom of joint damage.

To make a correct diagnosis, the following procedures must be performed:

1. Study of anamnesis. The doctor finds out the following information:
   • How long ago did the tremors of the limbs, muscle rigidity, and slowness of movements appear?
   • whether family members had similar manifestations;
   • tremor increases at rest or with movement;
   • whether the patient, due to his occupation, comes into contact with chemicals, especially manganese;
   • whether the person is taking medications, especially sedatives and antiemetics;
   • whether the patient has suffered an infectious disease, for example, the flu;
   • whether he suffered brain injuries.
2. Neurological examination. Allows you to detect signs of neurological disease.
3. Pharmacological test. A person may be prescribed a drug containing dopamine. If the patient suffers from parkinsonism, the symptoms of the pathology will decrease.
4. Psychological consultation. Using special questionnaires, a specialist will be able to detect emotional and intellectual disorders.
5. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain. Using this method, it is possible to analyze the state of the brain layer by layer, including the area of ​​the substantia nigra. If the patient suffers from parkinsonism, tissue clearing is usually detected in this area - this indicates the death of neurons. Also, circulatory disorders in the brain lead to areas of damage to brain tissue, which can also be detected using MRI.

Parkinsonism is a group of similar diseases. The classification of parkinsonism will help to better understand what kind of diagnosis the patient needs.

The most common condition associated with parkinsonism is Parkinson's disease. Most often it affects older people. Are there methods to prevent this disease, is there a chance to avoid it? Read in this article.

Parkinsonism and its modern methods and principles of treatment

The treatment regimen for the disease is chosen depending on the individual characteristics of the patient.

Conservative treatment

In this case, medications are indicated that have a positive effect on nerve mediators, which are responsible for transmitting impulses between brain cells. The main antiparkinsonian drugs include:

1. Levodopa drugs. For many people, moderate doses of this medicine lead to improvement. But this remedy is usually prescribed if other drugs do not give the desired results.
2. Anticholinergic drugs:
   • parking;
   • cyclodol;
   • Akineton.
3. Dopamine receptor agonists:
   • requip;
   • mirapex;
   • pronoran.
4. MAO-B inhibitors:
   • asilect;
   • umex.
5. Amantadine:
   • PC-Merz;
   • midantan.
6. COMT inhibitors.

The doctor will choose the most effective medicine for parkinsonism depending on many factors.

Surgery

With the help of neurosurgical intervention, it is possible to reduce the manifestations of the disease, and sometimes completely rid the person of them. The indications for the operation are determined by a specialist based on the examinations performed. Stereotactic interventions are divided into two groups:

1. Destructive. In this case, the brain structure that is responsible for the appearance of signs of pathology is destroyed.
2. Stimulating. In this situation, an electrode is implanted that stimulates the brain.

Today, destructive operations are most often performed and are highly effective. They are especially successful in dealing with muscle rigidity and tremors. In such situations, stereotactic thalamotomy is usually performed.

If the patient experiences motor fluctuations, akinesia, and rigidity, a pallidotomy is performed. Such interventions are performed under local anesthesia. During the procedure, a person has the opportunity to independently control the effect of the operation.

The effectiveness of the procedures is about % and is stable. Thanks to this, it is possible to significantly reduce the daily dose of levodopa. Complications appear in only 1% of cases, and they are temporary.

Stem cell treatment

This is a relatively new method in the treatment of parkinsonism. Of course, it has not yet been fully studied, but today doctors have managed to achieve amazing results.

Stem cells have an amazing feature - they can transform into the cells of the tissue in which they are placed. In Parkinsonism syndrome, they begin to produce dopamine - a deficiency of this substance is observed in this disease.

Also, with the help of stem cells, it is possible to stop degenerative processes in the brain and even restore damaged areas. Of course, with long-standing changes, this method of treatment is ineffective.

Traditional medicine treatment

For parkinsonism, you can use traditional recipes, but this can only be done after consulting your doctor. Effective means include:

1. Bay leaf oil. Grind the dry leaves into powder, take 4 tablespoons of the product, add 1/2 liter of unrefined oil. Then boil the mixture and put it in a warm place for a couple of days. After which the mixture must be boiled again and rubbed into the affected areas.
2. Foot baths with a decoction of fern roots. Take 5 tablespoons of rhizomes, add 5 liters of water and cook for 2 hours over low heat.
3. Take 2 tablespoons of rosehip roots, add a glass of water and place on the stove. Boil for 20 minutes. After which the cooled broth can be strained and drunk half a glass. This should be done half an hour before meals.
4. Pour 2 teaspoons of sage into 1/2 liter of boiling water. Leave the composition for 30 minutes and strain. Drink half a glass on an empty stomach. Do this 4 times a day.
5. Pour 1 tablespoon of dried angelica roots with a glass of boiling water, then cook for 5 minutes. Drink half a glass half an hour before meals three times a day.

Apitherapy

For parkinsonism, the use of bee products may be part of the treatment. These include:

1. Bee venom. This remedy is considered a central anticholinergic; it helps improve cerebral circulation, has restorative properties and improves nerve conduction. Thanks to the release of biologically active substances, it is possible to improve dopamine metabolism.
2. Royal jelly. Helps improve microcirculation, has a metabolic and restorative effect, and is an excellent immunomodulator.
3. Pollen and beebread. They are considered sources of nutrients, vitamins and microelements. They help improve metabolic processes, have antioxidant properties, and help strengthen the immune system.
4. Propolis. It has immunomodulatory and restorative properties, promotes the production of corticosteroids.
5. Chitosan. It is a powerful immunomodulator and helps improve cerebral circulation due to its anti-sclerotic effect.
6. Honey. Reduces muscle rigidity and tremors, has a calming effect. Honey can be combined with other bee products. The course of treatment is 1-1.5 months.

The manifestation of the disease depends on the stage of the disease. Classification of Parkinson's disease according to Hoehn and Yahr will make it possible to make a prognosis for cure.

Various modern methods have been developed and are successfully used to treat Parkinson's disease. Data from clinics willing to accept treatment for this disease can be found in this article.

Dementia is a decrease in mental activity and difficulty in perceiving new knowledge. Read about the manifestations of dementia in Parkinson's disease in the article - http://gidmed.com/bolezni-nevrologii/parkinsona/chto-eto-takoe.html

Therapeutic exercise and massage

In order to improve the condition of people suffering from parkinsonism, physical therapy and massage are actively used. You can perform passive exercises in warm water or immediately after a bath. Thanks to this, it is possible to reduce muscle rigidity and voluntary movements.

In cases of mild forms of the disease, therapeutic exercises should be performed in combination with walking and sports games. In more complex situations, it is necessary to supplement the exercises with walking training.

One procedure should last about minutes. The course includes sessions.

Prevention

As preventive measures, the following procedures should be performed:

1. Treat infectious diseases in a timely manner.
2. Keep blood pressure under control. If necessary, use antihypertensive drugs.
3. Use drugs that contribute to the development of parkinsonism according to strict indications and in the minimum permissible quantities.
4. Avoid contact with harmful substances that can cause this pathology.

The video voices a healing mood for tremor based on the text of four-time doctor of science Georgy Nikolaevich Sytin. To get rid of tremor and general health in Parkinsonism, you need to listen to the text in a comfortable position, without being distracted by anything:

Parkinsonism Center in Moscow

In Moscow, the Petrovskie Vorota Medical Center treats parkinsonism syndrome. It is located at the address: 1st Kolobovsky Lane, 4. Contact number: . This institution successfully diagnoses and treats parkinsonism. In order to identify this disease, the following types of studies can be carried out:

• multislice computed tomography;
• Magnetic resonance imaging;
• magnetic resonance angiography;
• clinical blood test;
• triplex scanning.

Treatment of parkinsonism is carried out taking into account the individual characteristics of the patient. The choice of regimen is influenced by the stage, form, duration of the disease, and the severity of its manifestations.

An initial appointment and examination by a neurologist will cost 2,300 rubles. A repeat consultation will cost 1,500 rubles. Treatment for limb tremors will cost 4,000 rubles, excluding the cost of medications.

The Scientific Center of Neurology of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences has also been researching and treating this disease for a long time.

(formerly Research Institute of Neurology of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences).

The center's clinic is located at Obukha Lane, 5, building 1, tel. . The main branch of the center is located at Volokolamskoye Highway, 80, tel.-.

An initial appointment with a neurologist will cost RUB. depending on the level of the specialist. Further examination is prescribed depending on the patient’s condition.

Parkinsonism is a very serious disease that significantly limits a person’s motor activity and significantly impairs the quality of his life. Therefore, you cannot ignore the first manifestations of pathology: the sooner you see a doctor, the higher the likelihood that you will be able to maintain your health.

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2 Comments

Dear doctors! I have Parkinson's disease in my right arm and leg, chin tremor, since 2011 it has been unnoticeable, and since 2013 it has been noticeable, I want to be treated using the doctor's method. From Krasnodar RANC. not a panacea but hope, you can try, I wanted to know what are the chances of this method helping?

The RANC method is symptomatic, that is, it may temporarily improve the patient’s condition, but there is no hope of cure.

Cyclodol and drugs for Parkinson's disease

Shaking palsy, also known as Parkinson's disease, is a serious disease of the central nervous system. Parkinsonism refers to a number of symptoms that are characteristic of both the disease and a number of other neurological disorders. Treatment should take into account the underlying cause of the patient's shaking palsy.

Features of the disease

A feature of shaking paralysis is the non-stop progression of the pathology. The disease develops due to damage to neurons in the brain. Damage to neurons implies their death. The pathology is incurable, but therapy allows the patient to remain able to work for as long as possible.

Pathology leads to a decrease in dopamine levels, so therapy is aimed at maintaining the necessary level of this substance for the normal functioning of the nervous system.

Parkinson's disease can be distinguished from other neurological disorders by the following features:

• the disease develops slowly;
• At first, a unilateral lesion is observed;
• absence of psychosomatic disorders;
• characteristic tremor of the fingers at rest.

Patients with parkinsonism are characterized by involuntary movements of the fingers, as when counting coins.

Forms and stages of the disease

Treatment for Parkinson's disease is carried out with tablets; the attending physician will tell you how to take them, individually for each patient. The treatment regimen largely depends on the stage and form of the pathology.

There are three forms of the disease:

In the mixed form, an increase in muscle tone is observed in the patient. Voluntary movements slow down significantly, and hand tremors are noted.

The trembling form is characterized by tremor of the fingers. In addition, trembling of the lower jaw is noted.

In the akinetic-rigid form of the pathology, an increase in muscle tone is observed, and the patient’s actions may be inhibited.

The stages of the disease differ in the nature of the symptoms. Thus, the disease can be accompanied by unilateral or bilateral symptoms, that is, tremors and muscle weakness are observed either on one side of the body or symmetrically on both sides. The stages of the disease are also distinguished by the preservation of motor activity. The most severe case is the patient’s inability to move independently due to shaking paralysis.

Features of therapy

Drugs for Parkinson's disease are designed to perform two functions - to reduce the death of brain neurons, and also to improve the quality of life of patients. For this purpose, several drugs are prescribed simultaneously.

Medicines for the disease help slow down the loss of cells responsible for the production of dopamine, but these medicines do not give a 100% result, despite the fact that the world's leading clinics and pharmaceutical companies are developing drugs for this disease.

Symptomatic therapy is carried out to improve the quality of life of patients. This allows patients to maintain working capacity and normal motor activity for as long as possible.

Drugs for treatment

Treatment is carried out using drugs that have the following effects:

• stimulation of dopamine production;
• stimulation of dopamine release;
• stimulation of receptors;
• minimizing the breakdown of dopamine.

Such drugs are not taken at the same time; the treatment regimen is selected by the attending physician, depending on the stage and form of the disease in a particular patient.

Levodopa is used to stimulate neurotransmitter production. The release of this substance is increased with the help of drugs such as Midantan. Stimulation of the receptors is carried out using drugs based on bromocriptine or piribedil.

Due to the fact that the disease is steadily progressing, therapy may be adjusted. The best option is not to increase the dosage of drugs, but to supplement therapy with other drugs, depending on the stage of the pathology.

Levodopa against symptoms

Symptomatic therapy is carried out with levodopa. It is the active ingredient, so the commercial name of the drug may differ.

As a rule, combination drugs are used that contain levodopa and benserazide. The dopamine precursor helps with replacement therapy in case of insufficient production of this substance. When taking this drug, most of the dopamine is produced in the tissues and does not enter the central nervous system. To increase delivery directly to the central nervous system, benserazide or its analogues are additionally used. This solution makes it possible to increase the effectiveness of the tablets without the need to increase the dosage of levodopa, which has a number of undesirable side effects.

The medicine can achieve good results in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. One of the main advantages of the active substance is that addiction to it does not develop immediately, but after 5 years of regular therapy.

The main side effect of the substance is uncontrolled motor activity, which is why such drugs are recommended to be prescribed in the later stages of the pathology.

Amantadine sulfate for parkinsonism

Amantadine salts for parkinsonism help minimize the side effects of taking levodopa. Amantadine sulfate increases the synthesis of dopamine while reducing the reuptake of this substance.

One of the most popular drugs with this substance is PC-Merz. This medicine is indicated in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, as well as a number of neurological disorders associated with impaired dopamine synthesis.

The drug is available in the form of tablets and a solution for injection. Injections are recommended for patients with swallowing dysfunction. The drug has a number of contraindications, and therefore its use should be agreed with the attending physician. When treating patients over 70 years of age, dosage adjustment is recommended. Among the contraindications to the use of the drug:

• heart rhythm disturbance;
• metabolic disease;
• renal failure;
• period of bearing a child.

The most common side effects are anxiety, sleep disorders, depression and transient hallucinations. However, despite a number of contraindications and side effects, the drug PK-Merz is one of the most popular drugs on the Russian market.

Treatment with Cyclodol

For Parkinson's disease, medications are selected in such a way as to reduce the symptoms of the disease as much as possible. For this purpose, the drug Cyclodol is often prescribed. This effective drug has a muscle relaxant effect and reduces limb tremors.

Cyclodol is considered one of the most popular drugs, but before starting self-treatment, you should consult with your doctor whether it is possible to take the medicine in a particular case. New drugs should be used only after approval from your doctor. It should be remembered that Parkinson’s disease takes a long time to treat, but it is impossible to completely cure the pathology.

You need to take Cyclodol for a long time, but the dosage is selected individually for each patient, depending on the characteristics of the course of the disease. The doctor will tell you what to do and where to get the necessary medication for treatment.

The information on the site is provided solely for popular informational purposes, does not claim to be reference or medical accuracy, and is not a guide to action. Do not self-medicate. Consult your healthcare provider.

Parkinson's disease - treatment with tablets and how to use them?

Parkinson's disease, a serious neurodegenerative disease that typically affects older people. This disease is difficult to treat, and its basis is the fight against symptoms. This article will discuss Parkinson's disease - treatment with tablets and how to use them, as well as some other aspects of drug therapy.

General information

So, the disease, which received its name from the name of the person who discovered it, is a serious illness that cannot be cured. The only thing that can be achieved is to reduce symptoms and prolong the patient’s normal life.

The main symptoms characteristic of Parkinson's disease are:

You can read more about this disease here.

The main cause of Parkinson's disease is a lack of dopamine in the body, or rather, problems with its production due to nervous disorders. The most important goal of drug therapy is to compensate for the lack of dopamine in the patient’s body in order to delay the onset of a severe form.

Prescribing drugs is only within the competence of the attending physician, since when selecting a dosage, a huge number of factors are used, from the patient’s age to the characteristics of his body in the perception of certain medicinal elements.

All information provided below is for reference only; under no circumstances prescribe treatment for yourself or calculate the dosage, as this can lead to dire consequences.

Treatment at the initial stage

Treatment with tablets at the initial stage can slow down the development of the disease for several years, so it is important to consult a doctor as early as possible.

Levodopa can be put in first place among medicines. This medicine acts as an artificial dopamine.

The use of levodopa initially replaces its own dopamine, which the patient’s body can no longer produce in sufficient quantities.

Why is it impossible to prescribe levodopa to a person and, using this drug regularly, completely forget about the disease? The fact is that the body gradually adapts to synthetic dopamine and begins to demand more.

In turn, increasing the dosage will lead to a reverse reaction of the body, side effects (nausea or vomiting) and therefore inhibitors are used in combination with these tablets.

An inhibitor is a substance that slows down the process of absorption of the active substance by the body (in our case, levodopa).

Inhibitors allow levodopa to remain in an inactive or conditionally inactive state for a long time.

For example, when a regular capsule with levodopa enters the body, the shell of this capsule will dissolve in a matter of minutes and the active substance will enter the blood as quickly as possible.

If levodopa is used in combination with an inhibitor, levodopa will be absorbed into the blood slowly, which will delay as much as possible the onset of the moment when the body begins to require an increase in the dosage of the medicine for the disease.

The most common inhibitors are:

• carbidopa (drug Nakom, Stalevo);
• benserazide (Madopar);
• selegelin.

In addition, it is possible to replace levodopa with dopamine receptor agonists (DRAs).

An agonist is a drug that causes a response in a particular receptor, thereby causing it to perceive or reproduce the substance required by the patient

However, these agonists are used in later stages of the disease or when levodopa is no longer effective. It is also possible to take it in combination with levodopa.

Agonists include:

Treatment in later stages

What drugs for Parkinson's disease are used in the later (advanced) stages of the disease?

As a rule, only the dosage is subject to changes, which increases over time.

Gradually, drugs that are effective in the early stages are poorly accepted by the body, and increasing the dose entails severe side effects. In such a situation, the doctor replaces levodopa with dopamine receptor agonists.

The main signal indicating low effectiveness is a decrease in the patient’s social life, deterioration in his motor activity, and an increase in the main symptoms of the disease.

Moreover, as mentioned earlier, agonists taken in combination with levodopa will reduce the dosage of this substance by 1/4.

Vitamins

In addition to drug therapy, the body definitely needs vitamin support. Thus, to support a patient with Parkinson’s disease, a vitamin complex is indispensable, including vitamins B, C, E. In addition, nicotinic and linoleic acids should be included in the vitamin diet.

Side effects

When using potent drugs, naturally, the patient will begin to develop side effects, which, in turn, are divided into:

The most pronounced side effects are early ones. This group of side effects occurs almost at the very beginning of drug treatment, in contrast to later ones, which can occur several years later (due to the accumulation of a particular drug in the body).

There are side effects:

As for late side effects, additional medications may be prescribed to eliminate them (early ones are corrected by reducing the dosage), sedatives for psychoses, etc.

The main side effects caused by Parkinson's pills:

• levodopa in interaction with carbidopa or benserazide - nausea, vomiting, low blood pressure, tachycardia, hyperhidrosis, sleep problems, hypersexuality, hallucinations;
• levodopa in interaction with carbidopa and entacapone - nausea or dyskinesia;
• bromocriptine (ADR) - low blood pressure, nausea, vomiting, psychosis, stomach bleeding, sleep problems;
• pramipexole (ADR) - nausea, vomiting, hallucinations, sleep problems, swelling;
• piribedil (ADR) - nausea, vomiting, drowsiness;
• selegiline and rasagiline (Inhibitors) - sleep problems, increased side effects of levodopa.

New developments

What other means besides pills can be used to treat Parkinson's disease?

There is a patch that is considered a relatively new product. This patch is glued to the patient’s lower back and the active substance begins to enter the body gradually, and not all at once, as when taking tablets.

A number of studies are currently being conducted that could make a significant breakthrough in the treatment of this disease. Thus, the development of an inhalation method is in its final stage, which will virtually eliminate interruptions in the supply of levodopa to the body.

In addition, scientists are developing a treatment method in which the medicine will be injected directly into the basal ganglia, which will eliminate the destruction of the nervous system.

In addition, scientists are studying the mechanism of development of the disease at the gene level and have even achieved some success; a special gene has been isolated that has the ability to regenerate, however, in order to use this property in the interests of treating Parkinson’s, there is not enough information about the presence of side effects.

Thus, the treatment of Parkinson's disease is a complex and multifaceted process that requires constant monitoring by doctors. You should not try to fight this disease on your own, as you can only worsen your situation. Take care of yourself and treat yourself correctly!

Modern drugs for the treatment of Parkinson's disease

As a person ages, the risk of developing various diseases increases, including diseases associated with neurodegenerative processes. One such disease is Parkinson's disease. This condition is characterized by a disturbance in the patient’s motor sphere, a predominance of increased muscle tone, stiffness of movement and tremor. Timely diagnosis of the disease allows timely prescribing of effective treatment aimed at improving a person’s quality of life and eliminating neurological symptoms. Modern medications for Parkinson's disease should be prescribed only by the attending physician, after assessing all available indications and contraindications.

Effective therapy

There are no drugs that can completely stop PD.

Parkinson's disease, like parkinsonism, is characterized by a long-term, steadily progressive nature. Clinical manifestations are constantly increasing, which worsens the prognosis for the patient. Neurologists note that treatment should be comprehensive and be aimed at the following things:

• eliminating clinical manifestations that complicate the patient’s life or reducing their intensity;
• it is necessary to prevent the development of new neurological symptoms, as well as reduce the risk of progression of Parkinson’s disease from one stage to another;
• increasing the quality of life, especially in people in early old age.

Parkinson's disease is a significant problem for older people, leading to a decrease in their quality of life.

Existing methods of treating Parkinson's disease can be divided into several types, depending on the type of treatment used:

• use of medications;
• various methods of physiotherapy, physical therapy, massage, etc.;
• surgical interventions;
• methods of social rehabilitation.

Therapy for neurodegenerative diseases should always be comprehensive, since in addition to impaired neurological functions, the patient experiences depression and personality changes.

Medications

Drugs for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (in the form of tablets, capsules or drops) begin to be used in cases where existing neurological manifestations interfere with leading a normal lifestyle. This is very important to understand, since the initial occurrence of symptoms, such as increased muscle tone or mild tremors, is not an indication for the use of drugs.

The drug approach can either be symptomatic, i.e. eliminate existing clinical symptoms, or pathogenetic ones, influencing the mechanisms of development and progression of a neurodegenerative disease. When choosing medications for Parkinson's disease, it is important to take into account the person's age, any concomitant diseases he has, and the characteristics of the body. There are certain standards of therapy that can improve long-term results. However, in each specific case, it is the neurologist who must select a combination of drugs that can ensure the effectiveness of therapy in the patient.

When choosing medications, it is necessary to determine a dosage that reduces the severity of clinical symptoms or completely eliminates them, but at the same time has minimal negative effects on the body. This is very important, since the tablets used have significant side effects, the risk of which increases significantly even with a slight increase in dose. In rare cases, no changes in symptoms are observed during treatment. This situation is an indication for the use of various treatment regimens based on a combination of medications.

Drug treatment for Parkinson's disease is designed to alleviate the patient's condition and slow down the progression of the disease.

There are a number of medications that have a pronounced positive effect on the course of Parkinson’s disease:

• monoamine oxidase-B blockers;
• dopamine receptor stimulants;
• blockers of the action of choline and its analogues;
• levodopa and similar medications;
• amantadines;
• catechol-O-methyltransferase blockers.

The choice of how to treat Parkinson's disease is always made by a neurologist, since only he is able to correctly assess the existing manifestations of Parkinson's and the characteristics of the patient's body. Otherwise, the disease may progress rapidly, and the patient may experience side effects from the treatment.

Use of drugs

Medicines used for the treatment of Parkinson's disease and Parkinsonism syndrome are usually divided into the above pharmacological groups. Each of these groups has its own characteristics and rules of admission. It is important to note that, in accordance with the standards of care, patients with neurodegenerative diseases receive free treatment.

Amantadins

Drugs from the Amantadine group, for example, Amantin, Neomidantan, etc., improve the release of dopamine from neurons and suppress the processes of its uptake into the depot, which leads to an increase in the concentration of the neurotransmitter in synapses and reduces the severity of clinical manifestations in the patient. The usual dosage is 100 mg three times a day. However, the patient can take the medication in an individual dose, which is selected by the doctor.

When using Amantadines, various side effects may develop in the form of headache, dizziness of varying severity, nausea, increased anxiety, edema syndrome and changes in blood pressure.

B-type monoamine oxidase blockers

Drugs in this group, for example, Segan or Yumex, prevent the destruction of dopamine molecules, increasing its concentration in certain structures of the central nervous system. The drug is usually used twice a day, 5 mg. Side effects are rare, and there are practically no contraindications. Among the undesirable drug reactions of these drugs, dyspeptic disorders and a slight increase in insomnia are noted.

Dopamine receptor agonists

The use of dopamine receptor agonists (Cabergoline, Pronoran, Pergolide, etc.) is effective at various stages of Parkinson's disease. The molecules of these substances are able to independently stimulate dopamine receptors, improving brain function. Treatment begins with minimal dosages, gradually increasing them if there is no visible effect. The drug is well tolerated by people of all ages, including the elderly. If you take the drug for a long time without proper medical supervision, then mental disorders with the development of hallucinations, insomnia and other manifestations are possible.

Acetylcholine blockers

Effective drugs of this group, for example, Cyclodol and Akineton, quickly lead to a good therapeutic effect in the form of eliminating tremor in the patient. The mechanism of action is associated with their ability to change the acetylcholine-dopamine ratio in the structures of the central nervous system. At the beginning of therapy, the drug should be dosed in minimal quantities - 1 mg twice a day. If there is no effect, the dosage is gradually increased. It is important to note that abrupt withdrawal of these medications is prohibited due to severe withdrawal syndrome, characterized by a sharp reversal of symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Side effects vary, and are most often associated with a decrease in the activity of acetylcholine: disturbances in focusing vision, a slight increase in the pressure of the intraocular fluid, tachycardia, stool disorders, etc.

Levodopa

Levodopa is a well-known drug widely used to treat Parkinson's disease. It is converted into dopamine in the body's cells, thereby eliminating its deficiency. As a rule, it is used in complex therapy with benserazide and carbidopa. The last two drugs are classified as new generation drugs that allow achieving a lasting clinical effect with minimal dosages. This is good news for those patients who develop side effects at starting doses of medications.

Carbidopa increases the amount of levodopa entering the brain

COMT inhibitors

Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) blockers - Comtan and other similar agents, lead to an improvement in the action of Levodopa and its analogues. Due to the frequent combination of these drugs, there is a commercial combination medicine - Stalevo.

Despite the high clinical effectiveness of Levodopa, they try to use this drug in the later stages of the disease. Levodopa leads to an increase in the amount of dopamine, which can cause a decrease in the sensitivity of receptors to this neurotransmitter - this can aggravate existing clinical manifestations. Levodopa should be used in the treatment regimen in cases where other medications do not have a pronounced effect.

Long-term use of Levodopa and its analogues can cause the appearance of drug dyskinesias - clinical conditions manifested by the occurrence of involuntary movements of the limbs. It is important to note that this medication must be discontinued gradually, as otherwise a withdrawal syndrome occurs, characterized by an intensification of previously existing symptoms.

Treatment approaches

It is impossible to cure Parkinson's disease completely, however, it is possible to reduce the intensity of clinical manifestations and prevent their progression in the future. In this case, the treatment process depends on when the disease was identified and at what stage of development it is.

The combined use of drugs allows you to achieve a good therapeutic effect with minimal risk of side effects.

When prescribing therapy in the initial stages of Parkinson's disease, it is recommended to use amantadines, MAO-B blockers and dopamine receptor stimulators. Treatment begins with one medication, gradually adding new drugs if monotherapy is ineffective. The prospects for the patient with early use of medications are good - the progression of the disease can be significantly slowed down, significantly increasing the person’s quality of life.

The selection of medications for the treatment of PD depends on the stage of the disease

When carrying out treatment in the later stages of the disease, Levodopa and its analogues come first, which have a pronounced therapeutic effect in patients of any age. It is important to note that treatment should begin with minimal dosages of medications, gradually increasing them under medical supervision.

Parkinson's disease is a continuously progressive neurodegenerative disease that leads to severe neurological manifestations and decreased quality of life. This condition requires early diagnosis and drug treatment to improve the prognosis for the patient’s future condition. Proper selection of medications allows you to achieve the disappearance of symptoms and prevent their further progression.

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It is a neurodegenerative process that disrupts the functioning of a special part of the brain - the substantia nigra. Biochemically, this leads to insufficient functioning of the brain's dopamine neurotransmitter system and the development of numerous symptoms. Taking these points as a basis, two lines of therapy for Parkinson's disease are distinguished: slowing down the degeneration of nervous tissue and regulating biochemical changes (symptomatic treatment). Unfortunately, even the newest drugs cannot completely cure Parkinson’s disease, and complete healing is a matter of the future.

Treatment with drugs

Among neuroprotective drugs, the following groups should be distinguished:

• Antioxidants (including mexidol, glutathione, thioctic acid).
• Growth factors of nervous tissue (brain and glial growth factors).
• Calcium channel blockers.
• Dopa receptor agonists (are drugs related to both lines of therapy).

However, these drugs have not become widespread in the treatment of the disease due to the steady progression of all symptoms and insufficient data on the leading mechanism of development of the disease.

That is why symptomatic therapy is of leading importance in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Drugs in this group make it possible to significantly (and in the initial stages completely) stop the manifestations of the disease, maintain the social activity of patients, and reduce the risk of complications. However, drugs in this group must be taken continuously throughout life.

There are five lines of symptomatic therapy, and each of them should be briefly considered.

• Increased production of endogenous dopamine. It is achieved by taking the precursor of dopamine - levodopa, because pure dopamine is not able to penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Levodopa preparations have been used in the world for more than half a century. Moreover, according to statistics, before the invention of drugs in this group, the life expectancy of patients was about 9-10 years. Now the life expectancy of patients, with adequate therapy and supervision, practically does not differ from that of the average population. Levodopa therapy currently plays a vital role in the treatment of the disease. There are dozens of drugs (the most famous are Naokm, Madopar, Stalevo, Duellin, etc.). Some limitation on the full-scale use of levodopa drugs is the frequent side effects. They can be divided into early and late:

  Immediately after taking the drug, side effects from the central nervous system, as well as other systems and individual organs, often develop. These can be headaches, visual disturbances, mood changes, constipation, hypotensive reactions and much more. As a rule, such manifestations are especially noticeable in the first days of prescribed therapy. In case of severe negative reactions, the dose should be reduced to a minimum and then gradually increased to the desired effect.

  Late negative reactions appear 5-8 years from the start of treatment. Among them, violent movements, the effect of lack of dose, and dysfunction of dopa receptors are most often present. Sometimes persistent mental disorders develop, including the development of hallucinations. These effects require close attention from a physician. Sometimes you have to give up the drug you are using, or reduce the dosage and switch to a combination of drugs from different groups.

• The second line of possible therapy is to stimulate the release of dopamine. The most commonly prescribed amantadine is 100-200 mg. Also, using drugs from this group, it is possible to stop many unwanted drug reactions that occur when taking dopa-containing drugs. The best effect is achieved with the rigid-tremorous form of Parkinson's disease. The drug should be prescribed carefully to patients with kidney disease; sometimes drugs in this group lead to the development of edema.
• The third treatment option is the use of dopamine receptor agonists (stimulants). Medicines in this group are classified into ergoline and non-ergoline agonists. Among the ergoline drugs, the most famous is bromocriptine, which has found greater use in gynecological practice, and is rarely used as a drug for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Non-ergoline drugs are widely used, among them the following drugs should be noted: mirapex, pronoran, requip-modutab. The advantages of the drugs are their good effect on all symptoms of patients, the presence of a slight antidepressant effect. The disadvantages are relatively frequent side effects.
• Drugs that inhibit the reuptake of dopamine (cyclodol, akineton, etc.) are used relatively rarely. This is due to pronounced side effects, primarily from the mental sphere. Tricyclic antidepressants (the classic representative is amitriptyline) can be used as drugs of this type of action, if necessary.
• The drugs of the latter group inhibit the destruction of dopamine. Among them are the drugs selegiline, umex, entacapone. The latter, in turn, is used in the combination preparation stalevo.

Currently, the following drug therapy regimen has been developed:
In the early stages of the disease, neuroprotection can be used as the only treatment. The prescription of symptomatic therapy for Parkinson's disease depends on age:

If the patient is under 50 years of age, it is necessary to initially prescribe amantadine or a drug from the group of dopamine receptor agonists.
- Age 50-70 years - it is advisable to start treatment with dopa receptor agonists or amantadine.
- Age over 70 years is an indication for prescribing levodopa.

If the effect of monotherapy is insufficient, a combination of drugs is resorted to.

Neurosurgical treatment of Parkinson's disease is carried out when conservative therapy is ineffective, the appearance of motor fluctuations, drug-induced dyskinesias, and the rapid progression of manifestations of Parkinson's disease. The main type of intervention is the destruction of some structures of the thalamus and globus pallidus. Approximately 50% of patients note a persistent, pronounced positive effect, 25-30% experience slight positive dynamics, 10-15 percent do not notice an improvement in their condition, while the rest noted a deterioration, in some cases pronounced.

Nutrition for Parkinson's disease

Nutrition plays an important role in Parkinson's disease. One of the manifestations of the disease, as well as a common side effect of many medications, is constipation. That is why food must have the required amount of fiber. You can also take laxative teas, prunes and other products with a laxative effect.

Taking levodopa medications should not be combined with eating protein foods. Citrus fruits are also not recommended, especially orange and grapefruit juice. Stimulation of liver enzymes when taking these products leads to increased destruction of the active substance.

Nutrition must be sufficient; in the presence of concomitant diseases (atherosclerosis, diabetes), it is necessary to take into account the nutritional characteristics of these pathologies.

Treatment with folk remedies

In conclusion, the so-called “folk remedies for Parkinson’s disease” should be mentioned. Nowadays, various non-drug methods of combating this disease are gaining popularity, including thanks to some unscrupulous media sources, including pseudoscientific sites.

When deciding to use all these recipes, decoctions, tinctures and mixtures, there are several points to consider. First, it should be remembered that none of the herbal remedies have an evidence base. And secondly, there is such a simple method as statistics. Before the invention of modern methods of treating Parkinson's disease, patients, as mentioned above, usually lived no more than 10 years. Whereas now life expectancy does not differ significantly from normal. All this suggests that no “wisdom of ancestors” or “centuries of experience” has had or can have any effect in the treatment of this disease. While many recipes can cause harm.

Remember that therapy for Parkinson's disease, methods for selecting tablets for treatment and their dosages are within the competence of neurologists. Don't self-medicate!