What is SARS? Acute respiratory viral infections are contagious diseases of viral etiology that affect the body through the respiratory tract by airborne droplets. Most often, such an ailment is diagnosed in children of the age category of 3-14 years. As statistics show, ARVI does not develop in infants, only isolated cases were noted when a child at that age had an illness.

If expressed according to the international classification of diseases ICD-10, then ARVI is assigned the code J00-J06. Many people do not understand what is the difference between ARVI and ARI, and whether it exists at all. These two diseases differ only in the way they transmit the infection, otherwise they are indistinguishable, therefore they are considered synonymous.

What influences the formation of SARS?

Such a disease can occur when a virus enters the body. They are transmitted through the air. The most common are:

• reoviruses;
• rhinoviruses;
• adenoviruses.

The death of these harmful microorganisms is carried out under the influence of disinfectants and UV rays. Unfortunately, when diagnosing, it is not always possible to determine the type of virus that has infected the body.

The formation of SARS is also influenced by communication with a person affected by this disease. There are certain types of viral pathologies that can be transmitted from a sick bird or animal.

Characteristic manifestations

Symptoms of SARS in children are more pronounced with influenza. Parainfluenza is accompanied by lesser severity of intoxication and non-prolonged viremia. But such a pathology is very dangerous for the child's body, as false croup often develops. Small bronchi and bronchioles are affected by respiratory syncytial virus. Such a pathological process leads to impaired ventilation of the lungs and leads to the formation of atelectasis and pneumonia.

There is no definite classification of SARS in children. Regarding the severity of the course of the disease, the following forms are distinguished:

• light;
• average;
• heavy;
• hypertoxic.

The severity of the disease is determined taking into account the severity of manifestations of intoxication and catarrhal phenomena.

Flu

The incubation period of this type of SARS lasts from several hours to 1-2 days. A characteristic feature of the initial phase of influenza is the predominance of manifestations of intoxication over catarrhal. The ICD-10 code for the international classification of diseases is J10. The following symptoms of SARS with influenza in adults are observed:

• increase in body temperature to 39-40 degrees for several days;
• dizziness;
• general fatigue;
• feeling of brokenness.

In children, the disease can be manifested by the following symptoms:

• headache;
• painful sensations in the eyes, abdomen and muscles;
• burning in the chest;
• nausea and vomiting;
• sore throat.

Catarrhal phenomena have a more pronounced effect and are accompanied by dry cough, constant sneezing, nasal discharge.

SARS during pregnancy at the 1st trimester, are manifested by transient changes in relation to the urinary system.

How long does the temperature last with ARVI in the form of influenza? In the normal course of the disease, its indicators begin to decline after a few days of illness.

parainfluenza

The incubation period lasts 2-7 days. This form of ARVI is characterized by an acute course and an increase in symptoms. According to the ICD-10, the disease has the code J12.2. The following manifestations of SARS in children and adults are noted:

1. Body temperature up to 38 degrees. It persists for 7-10 days.
2. Rough cough, hoarseness and change in voice.
3. Painful sensations in the chest.
4. Runny nose.

ARVI in children in the form of parainfluenza can be accompanied by damage not only to the upper, but also to the lower tracts, resulting in development. How long does the temperature stay with SARS? As a rule, its decrease and the severity of all manifestations disappear after 7 days.

When the symptoms of the disease do not leave the body of children and adults after 7-10 days, you should seek the advice of a specialist. In this case, children deserve special attention, since untimely assistance entails a number of serious consequences.

Reovirus infection

The incubation period of reovirus infection is 2-5 days. According to the international classification of diseases ICD-10, the disease code is B97.5. Reovirus infection causes the following symptoms:

• runny nose and cough, combined with vomiting;
• pain syndrome in the abdomen;
• liquid stool without impurities;
• severe intoxication;
• in children, the temperature rises to the level of 38-39 degrees;
• redness of the face;
• in the lungs there are dry rales and hard breathing;
• when probing the patient, pains and noises of intestinal peristalsis are felt in the iliac region on the right;
• enlargement of the liver in size;
• damage to the respiratory, digestive, nervous system;
• development , .

Rhinovirus infection

This type of disease can be transmitted in a variety of ways. For this reason, rhinovirus infection has gained great popularity today. The disease is characterized by its manifestations:

1. The rise in temperature indicators to 38-39 degrees is noted only in young children, in adult patients they rise no higher than 37.5 degrees.
2. Massive discharge from the nose, which is watery or mucopurulent. Pus may begin to stand out after a few days from the onset of the disease.
3. Swelling and inflammation in the nasal mucosa.
4. Although the patient has a sore throat, the larynx appears to be apparently healthy, with no redness or ulceration.
5. Slightly enlarged lymph nodes in the neck, pain is not felt.

adenovirus infection

If there is a pronounced one, then cerebral complications develop in the form of convulsions and meningeal syndrome.

Most often, the consequences of the disease occur against the background of incorrect or untimely treatment. If therapeutic measures were started on time, and the patient fully complies with all the recommendations of the doctor, then the risk of complications is minimized.

Therapy

Treatment of SARS in children and adults is most often carried out at home. If there is a severe form of the disease or the course is complicated, then hospitalization of the patient is required. When diagnosing viral infections, it is important to observe bed rest when there is an elevated body temperature.

ARVI can be treated with non-drug therapy. It is distinguished by bed rest, heavy drinking, wrapping and various inhalations using folk methods. Treatment of acute respiratory viral infections with medication involves drugs whose action is aimed at stopping the pathogen and specific symptoms.

Effective medicines

The following drugs help treat SARS:

1. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. This category includes Ibuprofen, Paracetamol and Diclofenac. These drugs have an anti-inflammatory effect, reduce temperature, and relieve pain.
2. Antihistamines. They are characterized by the presence of a powerful anti-inflammatory effect, as a result of which it is possible to eliminate all manifestations of the disease. This category includes the following drugs: Tavegil, Diphenhydramine, Suprastin.
3. Medicines for sore throat. Here you can use Geksoral, Bioparox. Gargling with a disinfectant solution helps a lot.
4. Cough preparations. They help reduce the viscosity of sputum, making it thin and easy to cough up. Apply drugs such as ACC, Mukaltin, Bronholitin.

Antibiotics for SARS

Antibiotics for ARVI are prescribed taking into account the complications and the general condition of the patient. Antibiotics of the penicillin series are prescribed for people prone to allergies.

If it does, then you should take antibiotics for ARVI, such as Ecoclave, Amoxiclav. Antibiotics of this group have a mild effect on the human body.

When the organs of the respiratory system are affected, doctors prescribe antibiotics such as Macropen, Zetamax, Sumamed. Antibiotics from a number of fluoroquinolones are as follows: Levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin. These antibiotics are prohibited for children. Since the child's skeleton is not yet fully formed, adverse reactions may occur. In addition, the antibiotics of this group belong to the reserve drugs in the treatment of acute respiratory viral infections. If you start taking such antibiotics at an early age, then addiction will occur very quickly.

Many doctors do not recommend treating SARS with antibiotic drugs after the first manifestations of the disease appear. As a rule, antibiotics are prescribed only after an accurate diagnosis and with a severe course of the disease.

Antivirals

It is necessary to treat SARS with the help of antiviral drugs, because the main cause of the disease is a virus. Antiviral drugs have a different spectrum of action. Their reception should be carried out only after an accurate diagnosis. The following effective antiviral drugs are distinguished in the treatment of SARS:

1. Arbidol is an antiviral drug based on a component such as umifenovir.
2. Kagonets is a Russian-made antiviral drug. Its action is aimed at activating the body's production of interferon protein. Antiviral drugs such as Kagonets destroy infectious agents of viral etiology.
3. Rimantadine. This kind of antiviral drugs in the treatment of acute respiratory viral infections have a powerful effect on the relief of various viruses. Its main component is adamantine.
4. Cycloferon is a drug based on meglumine acridone acetate. Such antiviral drugs activate the production of interferon protein.
5. Amiksin is a drug that contains tilorone. Such anti-inflammatory drugs are prescribed for the treatment of acute respiratory infections, as well as as a prophylaxis.

Prevention

ARI and SARS are diseases characterized by a high degree of infection, so it is very important to take care of prevention.

Prevention of ARVI and acute respiratory infections includes the following activities:

1. Do not go to places where there are large crowds of people.
2. In the midst of an influenza epidemic, the prevention of SARS and involves holidays and the cancellation of festive events.
3. Wet cleaning of the house using disinfectants and regular airing is a mandatory prevention of ARVI and acute respiratory infections.

It is a document that helps classify diseases, as well as keep records of incidence. ICD 10 is the current qualification standard. It helps to diagnose many pathologies, including acute respiratory viral infections and acute respiratory diseases.

Collection of ICD - 10

The ICD is a document that is created and approved by the World Health Organization. With its help, records are kept of the mortality and morbidity of people with certain diseases. With the help of information from the international classification, it is possible to give long formulations a small size in the form of a code. Abbreviations include letters and numbers.

The ICD is in most cases used by doctors and scientists. With its help, doctors quickly and exchange information. For example, one doctor can learn about a patient's condition simply by looking at the other doctor's diagnosis in the form of an abbreviated code.

The classification reflects not only the disease present in a person, but also its type and features. A short code gives detailed information that is easy to understand.

What is the role of classification for scientific and medical society

In any professional environment, various abbreviations and abbreviations are used, which allow you to concisely reflect any information. Classification plays an important role in medicine and science.

The scientific community, with the help of the International Classification of Diseases, can study statistics and how they change. Based on this, they can conduct research. Also, the ICD allows you to exchange information received from different parts of the world.

Doctors of various specializations can get a lot of information from the anamnesis by reading abbreviations. This allows you to significantly speed up the diagnosis. The following advantages of using a single classification are distinguished:

• receiving and sending information in a compressed form
• maintaining statistics and accounting for certain diseases
• comparison with previous periods

Based on the data received, it is possible to take the right actions. Thanks to regular registration, it is possible to find out when outbreaks will occur and what needs to be done to reduce the risk of getting sick.

How is ARI diagnosed?

In polyclinics, a full description of the disease is used when diagnosing. Abbreviations are only occasionally used. They do this due to the fact that with the help of abbreviations it is not possible to convey the severity of the course of the disease. The ICD code is used exclusively for statistics.

Verbal formulation is understandable to the patient, so it is still considered preferable when working with people. In some hospitals, both methods of describing the diagnosis (classic and coded) are used. For large-scale accounting, the ICD code is preferable.

The occurrence of sores in the mouth: causes of the disease, treatment with traditional and folk methods

The classic diagnosis of acute respiratory infection is as follows:

1. A detailed examination is being carried out. The patient is being interviewed.
2. Analyzes are scheduled.
3. It turns out the root cause of the disease and its type.

Diagnosis using ICD 10 is performed using the same methods. The difference lies in the end result. The diagnosis in this case consists of a code.

What abbreviations and codes are used

The abbreviations that are used when diagnosing respiratory infections are familiar to many people. The codes are unknown outside of medical science. When an acute respiratory infection is detected, class X codes are used, block J00–J06 for acute respiratory infections, block J10–J18 for influenza. Among the abbreviations that are used in classical diagnosis without the use of the ICD, there are:

Most often, people are faced with the wording ARVI, ARI and FLU. Each diagnosis is slightly different from each other.

If the doctor diagnosed ARI (acute respiratory infection), this means that at the time of diagnosis, he did not know which infectious agent struck the person. ARI can include both bacterial and viral infections. Usually, after this diagnosis is made, general remedies are used to treat respiratory lesions.

If a diagnosis of ARVI (acute respiratory viral infection) is made, then this means that the causative agent of the disease is precisely known. After a detailed examination, its type and the most effective method of treatment are established.

It is worth noting that when diagnosing using the ICD 10 code, less popular abbreviations are used. They consist of Latin letters and numbers. When using the international classification method, the exact disease is indicated. Classical formulations (ARVI, ARI) may mean sinusitis, etc. ICD codes allow you to immediately indicate the exact disease and pathogen.

The only drawback is the lack of the ability to encrypt the severity of how the disease proceeds.

How to correctly diagnose the ICD

In order to correctly diagnose, it is necessary to carefully study which codes are used in certain situations. ICD 10 includes 22 classes, which are numbered in Roman numerals. You will need to carefully study grade 10, which is completely devoted to respiratory diseases.

Dream Interpretation: fresh cucumbers, why dream of eating, salting or seeing a vegetable from the side

Information from the International Classification of Diseases must be known to all specialists for a free understanding of the data that are distributed by the World Health Organization. Class X has codes from J00 to J99.

Diseases of the upper respiratory tract are marked with codes J00-06. They are the ones that affect people the most. Codes J10-19 mark influenza and pneumonia. To make an accurate diagnosis, the doctor will need to study the first 6 codes, including:

• J00 - Acute nasopharyngitis
• J01 - Acute sinusitis
• J02 Acute pharyngitis
• J03 - Acute tonsillitis
• J04 - Acute laryngitis
• J05 Acute epiglottitis
• J06 General upper respiratory tract infection

It is worth noting that the code can be extended. For example, the abbreviation J02.0 is used to refer to pharyngitis.

If the doctor wants to correctly diagnose the ICD, he will need to spend a little time studying the document. Qualification is considered important in diagnosing. Making a correct diagnosis requires comprehensive development.

Difficulties in diagnosing a respiratory infection with intestinal manifestations

Doctors sometimes encounter problems when diagnosing according to ICD 10. One of them is respiratory viral. This disease is often confused with a simple intestinal infection. In this case, the disease code will be completely different.

To correctly diagnose, you will need to use modern diagnostic tools. It is impossible to distinguish diseases from each other by symptoms. It is necessary to find out the etiology of the disease. After a detailed examination, it will be possible to understand what code to give a viral lesion in accordance with the international classification of diseases.

How to use the ICD for maximum efficiency

In order to correctly and quickly diagnose diseases and give them the appropriate code, it is necessary to have a good knowledge of international qualifications. In addition, you need to use modern diagnostic tools. The approach should be:

• careful study of history
• paying attention to the individual characteristics of a person (comorbidities, the state of immunity)
• consultations with other specialists

If there are difficulties in making a diagnosis, additional examinations are prescribed. In some cases, a council is assembled to get several expert opinions.

If a doctor needs to constantly use the ICD, then it is better to memorize all the codes that are associated with his specialization. Thus, making diagnoses and maintaining statistics is much faster.

How to reduce pressure before a medical examination, depending on the cause

Formulating a diagnosis based on the ICD code is a simple process if the clinician is familiar with the abbreviations used. The specialist enters those codes that correspond to the patient's condition. The code cipher is rarely double. Modern diagnostics almost always allows you to find out the causative agent of the disease, so this is reflected in the code as an additional number.

Diagnosing a disease takes time. In some cases, when a respiratory disease is detected, a preliminary diagnosis is made, which does not reflect the root cause and pathogen. When additional surveys are carried out, the code may change.

When using the verbal form of the diagnosis, it is possible to describe more details. Among them are:

• severity of flow
• accompanying illnesses
• emerging complications

It is impossible to specify all this using the ICD code. However, verbal formulations are not suitable for accounting for large amounts of data. If it is necessary to count the number of cases of a certain disease in one country or around the world, then the most preferable solution is to reduce the information.

A convenient format suitable for both diagnostics and statistics. The main advantage of using ICD standards is global recognition. The document is being compiled by experts from the World Health Organization.

In many countries, statistics are officially kept using the international classification. Thus, it is possible to work with a huge amount of data. Thanks to this, people have access to statistics on morbidity and mortality.

Apr 21, 2018 Violetta Doctor

SARS, acute respiratory infections, rhinitis, nasopharyngitis

Profile: therapeutic
Stage: polyclinic (outpatient).
Purpose of the stage: reduce the severity of symptoms; prevent the development of purulent and non-purulent complications in a bacterial infection, minimizing the incidence of side effects of treatment.

Duration of treatment:
SARS - an average of 6 - 8 days.
ARI - 3 - 5 days.
Rhinitis - 5 - 7 days.
Nasopharyngitis - 5 - 7 days (depending on the form, severity and complications).

ICD codes:
J10 Influenza due to an identified influenza virus
J11 Influenza, virus not identified
J06 Acute infections of the upper respiratory tract, multiple and unspecified
J00 Acute nasopharyngitis (runny nose)
J06.8 Other acute multiple upper respiratory tract infections J04 Acute laryngitis and tracheitis.

Definition:
SARS- infectious diseases of the upper respiratory tract caused by viruses are characterized by inflammation of the mucous membrane, which can spread from the nasal cavity to the lower parts of the respiratory system, with the exception of the alveoli. In addition to general malaise, there are also local symptoms characteristic of various syndromes: sore throat (pharyngitis), runny nose (typical cold), nasal congestion, pressure and pain in the face (sinusitis), cough (bronchitis). The causative agents of these diseases include more than 200 types of viruses (including 100 types of rhinoviruses) and several types of bacteria.

ORZ- acute respiratory disease.

Rhinitis- inflammation of the nasal mucosa.
Acute rhinitis is an acute catarrhal inflammation of the nasal mucosa, accompanied by sneezing, lachrymation and profuse secretion of watery mucus, usually caused by a virus.
Allergic rhinitis - rhinitis associated with hay fever (hay fever). Atrophic rhinitis is a chronic rhinitis with thinning of the nasal mucosa, often accompanied by crusting and foul-smelling discharge.
Caseous rhinitis is a chronic rhinitis characterized by the filling of the nasal cavities with a foul-smelling, cheese-like substance.
Eosinophilic non-allergic rhinitis - hyperplasia of the nasal mucosa with an increased content of eosinophils, not associated with contact with a specific allergen.
Hypertrophic rhinitis - chronic rhinitis with hypertrophy of the mucous membrane. Filmy rhinitis is a chronic inflammation of the nasal mucosa, accompanied by the formation of fibrinous crusts.
Purulent rhinitis - chronic rhinitis with profuse purulent discharge.
Vasomotor rhinitis - swelling of the nasal mucosa without infection or allergy.

Nasopharyngitis- inflammation of the mucous membrane of the choanal region and the upper pharynx. Unpleasant sensations in the nasopharynx (burning, tingling, dryness), headache in the back of the head, difficulty in nasal breathing, nasality, accumulation of mucous discharge, which sometimes takes on a bloody appearance and is difficult to leave the nasopharynx.
In adults, nasopharyngitis occurs without an increase in body temperature.
It is divided into acute, chronic and nonspecific nasopharyngitis (with diphtheria, meningitis).
Studies are needed for diphtheria bacillus and staphylococci (a swab from the pharynx and nose).

Classification:

SARS
1. According to the etiology, adenoviruses are more often than other pathogens, respiratory syncytial
viruses, rhinoviruses, coronaviruses, influenza virus, parainfluenza.
2. According to the characteristics of organ damage and complications (otitis media, laryngitis, pneumonia, meningitis, etc.).
3. According to the severity of the patient's condition.
ARI are divided into two groups: viral and bacterial-mixed etiology.
Group 1 - SARS.
Group 2 - Bacterial and secondary viral-bacterial inflammation of the upper respiratory tract.

Risk factors:
Hypothermia, smoking, contact with patients, the presence of acutely ill people in the immediate environment (at work, at home) an epidemic of influenza and other viruses, mainly autumn-winter seasonality, unfavorable living conditions (crowding, unsanitary conditions, etc.) exposure to adverse weather factors, dust, gases, pollen of various plants, congestive hyperemia of the nasal mucosa in alcoholism, chronic diseases of the heart, blood vessels, kidneys.

For ORZ:
1. the presence of foci of chronic infection (tonsillitis, rhinopharyngitis, bronchitis).
2. cold factors (cooling, drafts, wet shoes, clothes).
For vasomotor rhinitis: altered reactivity of the body, functional changes in the endocrine, central nervous system and autonomic nervous system.

Diagnostic criteria:
Signs of an acute infectious lesion predominantly of the upper and, to a lesser extent, lower respiratory tract in the absence of a syndrome of compaction of the lung parenchyma and leukocytosis in the peripheral blood.

Flu:
- characteristic epidemiological anamnesis;
- acute sudden onset;
- the predominance of signs of a generalized infectious process (high fever, severe intoxication) with a relatively lesser severity of the catarrhal syndrome;
- complaints of severe headaches, especially in the frontotemporal region, superciliary arches, retroorbital pain, intense muscle pain in the back, limbs, sweating;
- in the catarrhal syndrome, the predominant signs of rhinitis, tracheitis (nasal congestion, coughing), "viral pharynx";
-rapid evolution of the catarrhal syndrome from the viral phase (blockade of nasal breathing, dry cough, hyperemia and fine graininess of the mucous membrane of the pharynx) to the viral-bacterial.

Parainfluenza:

- incubation is more often 2-4 days;
- seasonality - the end of winter, the beginning of spring;
- the onset of the disease can be gradual;
- the course is sluggish, in adults it is not severe with a relatively longer total duration of the disease;
- temperature reaction often does not exceed 38 ° C
- manifestations of intoxication are poorly expressed;
- catarrhal syndrome occurs early. Characterized by hoarseness, persistent dry cough.

Respiratory infection:
- Establishment of group morbidity in groups, family foci;
- incubation 2-4 days;
- seasonality is predominantly winter-spring;
- the onset of the disease is acute;
- leading symptom complex - intense rhinitis;
-sometimes develop signs of laryngotracheitis (hoarseness, unproductive cough);
- temperature reaction is not constant, intoxication is expressed moderately;
- the course is often acute, the duration of the disease is 1-3 days.

Adenovirus infection:
- Establishment of group morbidity, epidemic focus;
- incubation 5-8 days
- the predominant season - summer - autumn period;
- the possibility of infection not only by airborne droplets, but also by the fecal-oral route;
- the onset of the disease is acute;
- characterized by a combination of exudative inflammation of the mucous membranes of the oropharynx, trachea;
- the main symptom complex is pharyngoconjunctival fever;
- manifestations of intoxication are often moderate,
- characterized by bright hyperemia of the pharynx with the development of acute tonsillitis
- the possibility of diarrhea (in young children), enlargement of the spleen, less often the liver;
- the course is often not severe, it can take up to 7-10 days.

Respiratory syncytial infection:
- are classified as highly contagious SARS; establishment of group morbidity, epidemic focus;
- duration of incubation 3-6 days;
- seasonality cold season;
- in adults, it proceeds easily, with a gradual onset, mild manifestations of intoxication, subfebrile temperature, mild signs of tracheobronchitis;
- persistent cough is characteristic, first dry, then productive, often paroxysmal;
- Severe manifestations of respiratory failure
- often complicated by viral-bacterial pneumonia.

Rhinovirus infection:
- establishment of group morbidity;
- incubation 1-3 days;
- seasonality - autumn-winter;
- the onset is acute, sudden;
- easy flow
- temperature reaction;
- the leading manifestation is rhinitis with profuse serous, later mucous discharge.
Characterized by: sore throat, runny nose, nasal congestion, pressure and pain in the face, cough.
In the case of acute viral rhinitis, there are: malaise, fatigue; sneezing a slight increase in temperature and less often - headache, hoarseness.
During the first day, mucous discharge from the nose is noted, then - purulent.

List of main diagnostic measures:
1. Collection of anamnesis (characteristic epidemiological history, contact with the patient, etc.)
2. Objective examination (inspection data).

Treatment tactics:
Treatment of patients with mild and moderate severity of the disease is carried out at home. Patients are isolated at home. Caregivers should use gauze masks.
Non-drug treatments include the use of various thermal procedures: steam inhalations, hot foot and general baths, warming up in a bath and sauna, warm wraps and plentiful hot drinks - tea, hot milk with soda and
honey, warm fruit juices.

Drug treatment is most effective as a prophylactic, antiviral drugs during fever prescribe rimantadine 0.3 g on the 1st day, 0.2 g on the 2nd and 0.1 g on subsequent days, interferon-alpha 2 a, beta 1 , alpha 2 in the form of powders for inhalation and instillation into the nasal passages, oxolinic ointment 0.25% into the nasal passages and eyelids 3-4 times a day, in the presence of fever: the safest paracetamol 500 mg is prescribed 2-3 times a day up to 4 days, acetylsalicylic acid - 500 mg 2-3 times a day up to 3 days.
Plentiful warm drink.

Antibiotic treatment of adults with nonspecific upper respiratory infection does not improve recovery and is not recommended.

In acute viral rhinitis, rest is indicated.
Paracetamol is prescribed, 0.5-1 g orally every 4-6 hours, but not more than 4 days, or aspirin, 0.325-1 g orally every 4-6 hours, but not more than 4 g / day.
With persistent dry cough, a cough mixture is prescribed Ambroxol 0.03 g 3 times a day, syrup 15 mg / 5 ml, 30 mg / 5 ml. In the first 2-3 days, 10 ml 3 times a day, then 5 ml 3 times a day.
For sore throat - gargle with diluted lemon juice, antiseptic solutions, warm decoctions of herbs.
Assign ascorbic acid, 2 g / day orally in powders or tablets.

With atrophic rhinitis, frequent washing of the nasal cavity with saline is recommended, drops with vitamin A for instillation into the nasal cavity; 3 times a day in severe cases of retinol acetate 1-2 tablets per day 2, vitamin A is administered orally in courses of 1 month 2-3 times a year, the possibility of antibiotic therapy based on bacteriological examination should be considered.

List of essential medicines:

Antivirals
1. Rimantadine 0.3-0.2-0.1 g tab.
2. Oxolinic ointment, 0.25%.

Non-narcotic analgesics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
3. Paracetamol 200 mg, 500 mg, tab.
4. Acetylsalicylic acid 100 mg, 250 mg, 325 mg, 500 mg, tab.

Mucolytic drugs
5. Ambroxol 30 mg, tab.

vitamins
6. Ascorbic acid 50 mg, 100 mg, 500 mg, tab.
7. Retinol acetate 114 mg, dragee.

For complications (pneumonia):
1. Amoxicillin 500 mg tab, oral suspension 250 mg/5 ml
2. Amoxicillin - clavulanic acid 625 mg, tab.

Criteria for transfer to the next stage of treatment:
Transfer to the inpatient stage of treatment in case of hypertoxic form of ARVI, the presence of complications, ineffectiveness of the treatment, aggravated premorbid background, concomitant chronic diseases.

All people are prone to the same ailments, so special techniques have been developed to study the causes of diseases, injuries and deaths. This allows you to direct attention to the root cause, which makes it easier to find cures and ways to eliminate the disease. And thanks to statistical compilation, researchers and medical laboratories know which diseases lack quality medicines.

It also makes it possible to alleviate logistical problems by delivering to different countries those drugs that meet the needs of residents. The international classification of diseases has a particularly great influence in determining seasonal exacerbations of SARS ICD-10.

The more often people from different communities began to contact, the more often there were misunderstandings between doctors. After all, depending on the region and language, the name and treatment of the disease was different. Therefore, attempts to create the first classification were made as early as the 18th century.

Distribution received a document created at the end of the 19th century. Initially, it included only fatal diseases, which greatly facilitated statistical studies for different countries. But since 1948, diseases that do not lead to death have been included in the list.

The classification is grouped according to the causes of the onset of malaise or according to the place of localization. It is important to know that WHO organizes a revision of the list of diseases every ten years in order to more fully and conveniently distribute diseases into different groups. The latest version (ICD-10) was adopted in 1990 and has been in use since 1994. At the moment, the statistical organization at WHO is revising the list to include new diseases, and a more complete systematization of existing ones. Most often, among the statistics sent to WHO, various forms of ARVI ICD-10 appear.

The International Classification of Diseases is issued in 3 volumes:

• In the first volume there is a complete list, even with rare pathologies.
• The second volume contains a list of instructions for the correct use of the classification.
• The third volume allows you to quickly find the code of the disease by its name, thanks to the arrangement of all categories in alphabetical order.

Due to the standardization of diseases, there are fewer unexplained causes of death or other pathological conditions. At the same time, often diseases that were previously diagnosed everywhere, with a more thorough study, belong to different groups, which gives a more accurate picture of deviations in the health of the population. The standardization of diseases allows you to organize a complete and accurate determination of the causes of diseases, which makes it possible to select the most effective treatment.

One of the most important impacts of the disease codes was on children's health care, allowing a significant reduction in mortality. Previously, the death rate among children under 5 years old was about 40%, and according to the latest data, the global rate is at around 7.37%. At the same time, countries with developed healthcare account for only 0.7%.

According to WHO, 43% of deaths in lagging countries are due to preventable causes. Such a significant decline in rates over a century demonstrates the feasibility of one classification of diseases.

Clinical forms of SARS

Acute respiratory viral infections are grouped diseases of the respiratory tract, occurring in an acute form, caused by pathogenic viruses.

This is the most common disease caused by viruses in humans. During interseasonal outbreaks, the proportion of this diagnosis compared with others reaches 30-40%.

Most often, such diseases have similar symptoms and pathways, so in everyday life it is rarely possible to hear the exact ARVI code according to ICD 10, due to the inability to accurately determine the cause of the disease without being a doctor.

Often, with the same diagnosis, different drugs are prescribed, because doctors are guided by a more accurate methodology in the selection of drugs. Therefore, for an accurate diagnosis, it is important to seek qualified help.

But before considering how ARVI is designated according to ICD 10, it is necessary to understand that all diseases can be in several stages.

• mild form of the disease.
• Moderate disease.
• Severe form of the disease.

At the same time, moderate and severe diseases can cause complications that occur at the site of the lesion or other organs. Therefore, an additional diagnostic point is to determine the course of the disease:

• Without complications, when the disease passes as standard, and after the cure there are no disturbed functions in the body.
• With complications, when the disease affects the body too much, due to which some of its functions are impaired.

The causes of ARVI code according to ICD 10 are any viruses that, when they enter the human body, are localized in the upper respiratory tract.

Most often these are viruses:

• Influenza (A, B, C).
• Parainfluenza.
• adenovirus.
• Respiratory syncytial virus (the most common cause of SARS in children).
• Rhinovirus.
• Coronavirus.
• Mycoplasmas.

But it is also possible the appearance of acute respiratory viral infections of mixed etiology, when the causes of the disease can be a mixture of several viruses or a viral-bacteriological infection.

Disease with gastrointestinal disorders

In addition to respiratory diseases that occur with high fever and disruption of the respiratory tract, there are those that affect the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract. SARS with intestinal syndrome occurs due to the ingestion of one of the three types of rotavirus.

The reproduction of viruses occurs in parallel, due to the fact that both the respiratory mucosa and the intestinal epithelium are suitable for their residence. Therefore, in order to fully recover, it is necessary to apply a comprehensive treatment aimed at destroying the pathogen both in the lungs and in the gastrointestinal tract.

Due to the fact that two main systems in the body are affected, this disease is considered one of the most severe, especially if the patient is a child. Therefore, at the first signs of the disease, you should immediately seek medical help.

According to WHO statistics, about 30 million cases of infection are recorded per year, while due to late treatment, 3% of diseases end in death. This is due to the double breeding site, as the amount of virus in the body increases much faster than with other ARVI pathogens.

Mode of transmission and symptoms of the disease

The virus is spread in three ways when a healthy person comes into contact with a sick person (or in rare cases with a healthy carrier), with objects of a sick person, or with contaminated water (milk). At the same time, animals cannot be carriers of a virus that can infect humans (the types of virus that infect animals and humans are different).

Once in the body, the virus begins to multiply rapidly, which destroys special villi in the gastrointestinal tract. This provokes digestive disorders, which leads to the entry into the rectum of a large amount of water, in which large amounts of different salts are upset. This causes severe diarrhea and dehydration, as well as electrolyte imbalance.

Disease stages:

1. The incubation period, which is asymptomatic for 2 days (in children in rare cases of good resistance to the virus - 4 days).
2. The acute severe form of ARVI is accompanied by all signs of damage to the respiratory tract and intestines. Lasts from 7 to 10 days.
3. The stage of recovery, when the convalescent (recovering patient) notices a decrease in symptoms and feeling unwell. Depending on the severity of the disease, reactions to drugs and immunity, it can last up to 14 days.

But it is important to remember that such a course of the disease passes if a person seeks medical help on time and does not suffer from chronic diseases. Otherwise, a viral infection can provoke complications.

This type of ARVI has a code according to ICD 10 J06.8. Therefore, it is necessary to study in more detail the entire classification of SARS.

ARVI designation

Although doctors use the wording "acute respiratory viral infection" when communicating with a patient, it is a mistake to assume that this is one disease.

ARVI code for microbial 10 - J00-J06, while each group consists of sub-items that more accurately characterize a particular disease.

To avoid misunderstanding, the SARS code is separated by a dot that delimits the main group and the clarification.

At the same time, the group may contain sub-items that do not start with 1. This is due to the fact that some of the diseases included in it upon adoption were more fully examined and transferred to other sections.

A complete list of diseases related to SARS

Often diseases that can bear the same name are classified into different categories. This happens for various reasons for their occurrence, as well as for the course. Therefore, in order to better understand what diseases the diagnosis of SARS implies, it is necessary to consider the classification.

Group J00 "acute coryza" (nasopharyngitis), includes:

• Acute or infectious rhinitis.
• Acute catarrh of the nose.
• Nasopharyngitis, both infectious and unspecified.

Group J01 "acute sinusitis", includes:

• J01.0 Maxillary.
• J01.1 front.
• J01.2 Ethmoid.
• J01.3 Sphenoidal.
• J01.4 Pansinusitis
• J01.8 Other sinusitis
• J01.9 unspecified.

Group J02 "Acute pharyngitis" occurs most often when diagnosing ARVI in children, because inflammation of the pharyngeal mucosa in childhood is a fairly common disease.

The group includes:

• J02.0 Streptococcal pharyngitis. This is the so-called angina caused by the multiplication of bacteria of the genus Streptococcus, which have many variations.
• J02.8 Acute pharyngitis. This subgroup includes all pharyngitis caused by other pathogens. In this case, an additional designation of the pathogen is possible by adding a code of another category (B95-B98).
• J02.9 Acute pharyngitis. This code refers to diseases that do not have a specified pathogen.

Unspecified pharyngitis includes the following types of disease:

• NOS (not further specified), most often used when the disease is mild enough, and does not require detailed clarification. But sometimes this designation is used when the pathogen is unknown, but the symptoms of the disease do not differ from the usual clinical manifestations.
• Gangrenous.
• Infectious, not further specified.
• Purulent.
• Ulcerative.
• Acute angina, without further specification.

Group J03 "Acute tonsillitis" (inflammation of the pharyngeal and palatine tonsils), includes

• J03.0 Streptococcal.
• J03.8 tonsillitis due to other specified causes. As with pharyngitis, an additional code (B95-B98) is used.
• J03.9 Acute tonsillitis, unspecified

Tonsillitis of unspecified etiology is divided into the following types:

• without further clarification;
• follicular;
• gangrenous;
• infectious (unknown pathogen);
• ulcerative.

Group J04 "Acute laryngitis and tracheitis" includes:

• J04.0 Acute laryngitis. It includes subtypes - NOS, edematous, under the vocal apparatus, purulent, ulcerative.
• J04.1 Acute tracheitis, which is NOS and catarrhal.
• J04.2 Acute laryngotracheitis, subdivided into laryngotracheitis NOS and tracheitis with laryngitis.

Group J05 "Acute obstructive laryngitis and epiglottitis", includes:

• J05.0 Acute obstructive laryngitis [croup], most commonly labeled 'not otherwise specified'.
• J05.1 Acute epiglottitis

Group J06 "Acute infections of the upper respiratory tract of multiple or unspecified sites", includes:

• J06.0 Acute laryngopharyngitis.
• J06.8 Other acute infections of the upper respiratory tract, multiple sites
• J06.9 Acute upper respiratory tract infection, unspecified, subdivided into acute disease and infection not otherwise specified.

Thanks to the full list of viral diseases that are related to respiratory, the diagnosis and treatment of patients is facilitated. It also helps to determine the cause of the disease, finding out what the family members were sick with, because SARS in adults and children have the same designation in the classification.

An additional benefit of standardized disease naming is that physicians can more quickly share experiences and treatments. Also, despite the large amount of classification, it is enough for doctors of a narrow specialization to study the section dedicated to their profession, and, if required, related departments. Thanks to this, the speed of training of specialists is accelerated, which positively affects the quality of healthcare.

Every disease of the respiratory tract has its own cause, and through attempts at classification, most of them have been found. This allows you to more accurately understand the causes of the disease, regardless of the symptoms that arise. Therefore, it is worth knowing well the classification of the most common diagnosis - SARS.

SARS ICD assigns 10th place, this pathology occupies several sections belonging to different classes. Encryption is based on a number of signs of etiological, clinical types. The basis of such a classification is the level of damage to the body, but not the clinical picture of the pathology. ICD 10 can be supplemented with other codes (related to infectious diseases), such sections may be in different classes.

The ICD code allows you to bring the disease under a special classification, which was created by specialists to facilitate their communication with each other. Classification is a set of terms that reflect the relationship of different phenomena.

The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems is briefly referred to as the ICD. This document was created by specialists from the World Health Organization, it is not static, according to research, it is constantly changing. To date, the protocol is applied after the 10th revision.

The ICD allows different doctors to find the right, accurate approach to diseases, to compare their data. Each pathology has its own code, consisting of a combination of numbers and letters, used by doctors to process information in order to collect statistics. The classification of SARS is also contained in the bowels of the ICD.

The available data are grouped according to the reasons for the development of the disease, or according to the place of its localization (the same applies to ARVI, the ICD code is 10).

The World Health Organization reviews the list of diseases every 10 years, which makes it possible to distribute pathologies in a more convenient way, to supplement the available information with newly obtained data.

After the formation of statistics at different levels, starting with the clinic, and ending with the state, these data are to be sent to WHO. Most often, different classes of ICD 10 are found here.

The classification consists of three volumes:

• all diseases, even extremely rare;
• instructions for the correct use of the document;
• alphabetical arrangement of the disease, facilitating their search.

By the method of standardization, medical statisticians collect data on all existing diseases. This allows you to find out the nature and causes of the development of pathologies.

How is SARS diagnosed?

The ICD code for ARVI is assigned through diagnostic measures. The classification divides them into several large groups.

Main:

• questioning the patient about his complaints, studying the epidemiological situation, having contacts with sick people;
• examination, including palpation, auscultation, body temperature measurement, percussion, measurement of blood pressure, heart rate (pulse), questioning the patient about the functioning of the urinary system;
• taking a general blood test (to clarify the level of erythrocytes, ESR, hemoglobin, leukocyte formula, leukocytes);
• taking a general urine test;
• to establish the etiology, tests are shown by enzyme immunoassay or serological reactions;
• examination of feces under a microscope to identify helminths.

Additional:

• to identify the etiology of influenza, the type of SARS, conduct PCR, ELISA studies;
• with hemorrhagic syndrome, the detection of platelet count, PV is shown. INR;
• prolonged fever is an indication for a blood test to identify causative agents of malaria;
• examination of the spinal cord cerebrospinal fluid;
• conduct x-rays (suspicions of pneumonia, bronchial tubes);
• electrocardiography (when complications from the heart, blood vessels);
• consultation with a neurologist (presence of symptoms of meningoencephalitis);
• visiting a hematologist (pronounced hemorrhagic syndrome).

How is the diagnosis made?

SARS ICD has its own diagnostic criteria to determine the type of disease.

According to the Classification, the diagnosis of influenza can be made on the following grounds:

• acute onset with a strong development of intoxication;
• increase in body temperature;
• the duration of the fever is about 5 days;
• headache, especially severe in the eyes, forehead, eyebrows;
• general weakness;
• bone, muscle pain;
• severe lethargy;
• hyperesthesia.

Parainfluenza has the following symptoms of development:

• gradual start;
• weakness of expression of intoxication;
• feeling of sore throat;
• nasal breathing difficulties;
• an abundance of discharge from the nasal cavity;
• hoarse voice;
• cough unproductive, dry.

Adenovirus has the following characteristic features:

• acuteness of initial development;
• runny nose;
• feeling of sore throat;
• unproductive cough;
• flow of tears and pain in the eyes.

Respiratory syncytial infection can be diagnosed by:

• slow start;
• the presence of low body temperature;
• cough (dry, then wet);
• shortness of breath.

Rhinovirus has the following features:

• average degree of intoxication;
• acute onset;
• frequent sneezing;
• copious discharge of mucus from the nose;
• severe swelling of the nasal mucosa;
• slight cough.

SARS is diagnosed by the following symptoms:

• acute onset;
• headaches, muscle pain;
• chills;
• redness of the throat and pain in it;
• the presence of a cough;
• nausea;
• stomach ache;
• repeated increase in thermometer readings after 3-5 days, the occurrence of shortness of breath, shortness of breath.

To make a diagnosis of influenza or SARS, it is important to conduct an epidemiological analysis, to assess the likelihood of contact with sick people.

Typical symptoms of SARS:

• an increase in body temperature above the physiological norm;
• difficulty in nasal breathing, severe runny nose (rhinitis);
• redness of the oropharynx, perspiration, dryness in the tonsils, pain during swallowing (pharyngitis);
• swelling of the tonsils, pain (acute tonsillitis);
• dry cough, hoarse voice (laryngitis);
• unproductive cough, chest discomfort (tracheitis);
• shortness of breath (obstructive bronchitis);
• cough can be observed throughout the disease, changing from dry to wet, with sputum, dragging on for a period of two weeks after recovery or more.

Formulations of the diagnosis of ARVI in accordance with the classification

The varieties of ARVI present in the Classification, the disease code, make it possible to establish quite accurately.

The diagnosis can be formulated in different ways, for example:

• J0 means influenza with a toxic form, hemorrhagic syndrome, a complication in the form of neurotoxicosis of the 1st degree;
• J 06 mild acute respiratory disease;
• J 04 acute tracheitis, laryngitis (moderate severity).

During the diagnosis in words, the doctor pays attention to:

• the main pathology, deciphering the course options;
• the severity of the disease;
• the severity of ongoing processes;
• other criteria;
• indicates complications, comorbidities that the patient has (acute or in remission).

During the formulation of the diagnosis, it is especially important to establish causal relationships, to determine the primary and secondary processes of the pathological type. If the patient has two simultaneously occurring diseases, determine which one caused the severity of the current condition.

For the correct registration of statistical data, it is very important to designate a double or triple code of the disease, according to the Classification. Each diagnosis will be taken into account separately, the main, concomitant and complications that have arisen.

The correct use of the developed ciphers and codes allows doctors to submit correct data to medical statistics organizations, which is important for analyzing the epidemiological state of a city, region, country and making a number of important decisions.