Among the background diseases of the cervix, its cicatricial deformity (RCD) occupies an important place, mainly because of the consequences. And they are very serious: from violation of the reproductive functions of the female body to cervical cancer.

Such deformities are most often encountered by women of childbearing age. Therefore, any woman should know about the pathology itself and its consequences, as well as what to do if it has been diagnosed.

General concept

Most people know what a scar or scar is. This formation, consisting of connective tissue, appears as a result of the healing of deep wounds, injuries or inflammatory diseases.

A scar heals not only the skin. The mucous membranes of the stomach and intestines are scarred (after ulcers and operations), the uterus and cervical canal, gallbladder, the myocardium is scarred after ischemia. A scar can heal tissues of almost any organ.

Basically, scar tissues are represented by collagen, they are dense and can cause deformation of the organ. Due to their appearance in the surrounding tissues, the processes of blood microcirculation are disturbed, and, consequently, their trophism (nutrition) suffers. The innervation of the tissue may be disturbed.

The connective tissue of the scar is not able to perform the function of the tissues that they replaced.

Effects

Since the scar is not functional as a mucosal lining of the cervix (cervical canal), the mucosa partially loses its function. As a result, cicatricial deformity of the cervix:

• It leads to a decrease in the barrier functions of the mucous membrane of the cervical canal due to a violation of the production of cervical mucus and its qualities.
• May be accompanied by ectropion (eversion of the mucous lining of the cervical canal into the vagina).

Ectropion occurs due to rupture of the circular muscles of the cervix. The longitudinal muscle tissues located at the lips of the cervical canal remain intact. They continue active contractions without meeting the resistance of the circular muscles. The external os of the cervix undergoes deformation, turns out and sags into the vagina. Sagging tissues are exposed to the acidic vaginal environment. They erode, the glands of the mucous lining atrophy and stop producing the usual mucus.

The result of such anatomical and physiological changes is an increased predisposition of the female genital organs to inflammatory processes:

1. Endocervicitis.
2. Endometritis.
3. Ectopia and true erosion.
4. tissue atrophy.

The main feature of a healthy cervix is ​​the presence of a mucous plug in it, which is formed and located in the canal due to its special spindle shape. And it is she (cork) that performs the barrier function of the cervix.

The appearance of scars on the mucosa of the cervical canal is considered one of the key points predisposing to keratinization of the mucous lining, degeneration of epithelial cells up to the development of cervical cancer. The formation of scar tissue can cause a curvature of the cervix. Such changes, complementing each other, become a threat to the reproductive function of the female body, leading to:

1. Infertility.
2. miscarriages.
3. Bleeding.
4. Leakage of amniotic fluid during subsequent pregnancies.
5. Premature birth.
6. Violation of the ability to give birth independently and the need for operative delivery.

In addition, scarring and curvature of the cervix can cause discomfort and pain in a woman.

Causes

Such changes are usually secondary. There are few reasons for the development of this pathology. The main ones are considered to be:

• Injuries and ruptures (birth, resulting from abortions, diagnostic curettage, and for other reasons).
• Surgical interventions.
• Inflammation (chronic and severe), leading to adhesive changes and scarring of tissues.

Most often there is a deformation of the cervix after childbirth. This leads to:

• The birth of a large fetus (more than 4.5–5 kg).
• Breech presentation.
• Insufficient elasticity of the walls of the cervical canal due to chronic inflammatory diseases of the genital organs.
• Rapid childbirth, accompanied by cracks and ruptures.
• Untimely and excessive attempts.

There may be other provoking factors that caused a violation of the integrity of the cervix.

Such gaps can be of different depths and lengths, touch the uterus and violate the integrity of the vaginal tissues. If tears are detected early and properly sutured, they usually heal without deformities.

The suture used to close internal tears is self-absorbable. Therefore, it is not necessary to remove the stitches, the damage (if there is no secondary infection) heals well.

If not all tissue ruptures were sewn up, most likely they will grow together anyway, but with the formation of scars and deformation of the shape of the cervix.

One of the rarest cases of the development of such a pathology is primary cicatricial changes (congenital). In this case, their cause is considered to be a hormonal imbalance.

signs

Quite often, cicatricial deformity of the cervix does not manifest itself symptomatically in a mild degree. And it is found only as a result of a gynecological examination. If the changes are pronounced, then unpleasant symptoms may appear:

• Pain in the pelvic region radiating to the lumbar region.
• Discomfort in the lower abdomen (heaviness and pronounced pulling discomfort).
• Discharge (white, slimy, stretchy).
• Painful intercourse.
• Abundant menstruation with severe pain syndrome.
• Shift in the menstrual cycle.

If the pathology is primary, then in addition to the described violations, there may be cycle disorders, early menarche, severe and painful bleeding.

Diagnostics

The main diagnostic method is a gynecological examination by a gynecologist. That's just mild cicatricial changes in the cervix and eversion of the mucous membrane in the vagina presents difficulties in diagnosis. A severely deformed cervical canal does not cause diagnostic difficulties.

According to literary sources, in at least 70% of cases, ectropion, combined with cicatricial changes, is diagnosed as ectopia. That is, as a physiologically variable condition that does not require treatment.

Additional diagnostic methods used by a gynecologist are:

1. Colposcopy.
2. Cytological analysis of tissues.
3. Examination of the vaginal secretion for the presence of pathogenic bacterial microflora.
4. Blood tests (PCR method is most often used).

If primary deformity is suspected, the patient is asked to take blood tests for hormones.

Treatment

Therapeutic tactics are developed for each patient separately. And it depends on several factors:

• The severity of the condition.
• Realization of the childbearing function (that is, whether the woman has children).
• age.
• Associated pathologies.

For the treatment of this pathology, destructive methods and surgical plastics are used. The main therapeutic task is not only the elimination of cicatricial changes in the cervix and its return to the physiological position.

Therapy solves several more important tasks:

• The return of a woman's ability to reproduce.
• Restoration of the barrier functions of the cervical mucosa.
• Normalization of the microflora of the vagina.
• Prevention of mucosal atrophy and its cancerous degeneration.

Destructive methods give a good result with a mild degree of scarring. Thanks to them, altered tissues are destroyed and the normal lining of the cervix is ​​​​restored.

There are several destructive methods, the main ones are:

1. diathermal coagulation.
2. cryogenic destruction.
3. Laser evaporation (vaporization).

Modern bloodless surgical techniques include ultrasonic, radio wave and electrical methods that allow the destruction of pathologically formed tissues.

Severe cicatricial deformity of the cervix is ​​corrected by excision. The average postoperative period is 10 days, the average recovery period is 90 days. At the same time, experts advise sexual abstinence. In addition, a gentle labor regime is recommended for a woman (physical exertion should be avoided), and the rules of intimate hygiene should also be strictly observed.

Cicatricial deformity of the cervix, fortunately for women, is rare.

rehabilitation period

You need to visit your doctor regularly during the rehabilitation period, and conscientiously follow his recommendations. This will allow the healing process to proceed as quickly and efficiently as possible.

In some cases, antibiotic therapy is recommended for patients to eliminate inflammation. Or the use of local antiseptics. It may be necessary to restore the vaginal microflora.

You can think about planning a pregnancy 4–5 months after successful tissue healing, if the process went without complications.

Prevention

There are no ways to guarantee avoid damage to the cervix and the formation of scars on its mucosa. Much depends on the specialists to whom a woman will have to turn during pregnancy and childbirth.

The girl must understand that she is required to follow certain rules:

• The use of modern methods of contraception to avoid unwanted pregnancies and abortions.
• The choice of a sexual partner and the absence of casual relationships that minimize the risk of contracting STDs.
• Timely access to a doctor for the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the female genital organs.

Attentive attitude to your own body will reduce the risk of developing pathology and its consequences.

(RDSHM) - post-traumatic or congenital violation of the anatomical shape of the cervix with the failure of its cervical canal. In most cases, clinical symptoms are mild. Pathology can be manifested by the presence of cervical whites, dyspareunia, pelvic pain, an increase in the duration of menstruation. When making a diagnosis, the data of the anamnesis, examination in the mirrors, colposcopy, cytomorphological and laboratory studies are taken into account. Surgical methods are used for treatment: ablation, tracheloplasty, conization, trachelectomy, circular suture.

According to various studies in the field of gynecology, the frequency of post-traumatic and congenital cicatricial changes in the cervix ranges from 15.3 to 54.9%, while in reproductive age it can reach 70%. The disease is more often detected in women who have given birth to a child for the first time over the age of 30 years. In patients with cervicitis, the likelihood of post-traumatic replacement of normal epithelium with scar tissue increases. The high importance of prevention, timely diagnosis and treatment of ARDS is due to the significant impact of the disease on the increased risk of infertility, inflammatory and oncological processes.

Causes of RDSHM

The formation of scars that violate the normal anatomical structure of the cervix is ​​usually caused by processes and interventions in which the epithelium with underlying muscles and connective tissue is damaged. The most common causes of cicatricial deformity are:

• Pathological childbirth. Cervical ruptures occur during rapid labor with insufficient opening of the cervical canal, the imposition of obstetric forceps, a large fetus or its incorrect position. The probability of damage is twice as high in nulliparous older than 30 years.
• Invasive manipulations. During abortions, medical diagnostic procedures and endoscopic operations in the uterine cavity and on its appendages, the doctor inserts instruments through the cervical canal. In this case, the integrity of the epithelium is violated.
• Mistakes in suturing. The regeneration process suffers from insufficient or incorrect suturing of gaps that occurred during childbirth, or from rough invasive manipulations.

It is extremely rare for a scar type neck deformity to be congenital. In such cases, the disease is usually accompanied by pathology from other organs of the female genital area.

Pathogenesis

During the formation of cicatricial deformity, the process of physiological restoration of areas of the damaged exo- and endocervix is ​​disrupted. Instead of epithelial cells in the rupture zone, connective tissue proliferates. At first, it is quite elastic, but as the scar forms, it becomes denser, loses its ability to stretch and contract. As a result, the cervical canal does not close completely and loses its protective function. In repeated births, the cervix with cicatricial changes cannot fully open, which complicates their course. With deep tears, the edges may heal in the form of flaps. The failure of the cervical canal is accompanied by the development of ectropion.

Classification

When determining the degree of RDSHM, such criteria as the consistency of the external pharynx, the number and size of scars, the state of the endo- and exocervix, and surrounding tissues are taken into account. There are four degrees of cicatricial deformation changes:

• Idegree. The external os passes the tip or the entire finger of the doctor. The cervical canal has the shape of a cone, the apex of which is the internal uterine os. The depth of single or multiple old ruptures does not exceed 2 cm. Signs of ectropion of the lower parts of the cervical canal are revealed.
• IIdegree. The external uterine os cannot be identified. The cervix is ​​"split" into separate anterior and posterior lip with old ruptures extending to the fornix. Endocervix is ​​completely everted.
• IIIdegree. Old breaks reach the vaginal vaults. The external pharynx is not defined. One of the lips of the neck is hypertrophied. Epithelial dysplasia and signs of an inflammatory process are noted.
• IVdegree. Manifested by a combination of old tears that extend to the vaults of the vagina, with insufficiency of the pelvic floor muscles.

Symptoms of RDSHM

With grade I RDMS, the only symptom of the disease is often an increased amount of mucous cervical discharge. With cicatricial deformity II-IV degree, some patients complain of pulling or aching pains in the lower abdomen and in the lumbosacral region. The accession of the infection is accompanied by a change in the color of the whites, which become cloudy, whitish or yellow. The cyclicity of menstruation is usually not disturbed, but their duration can increase by 1-2 days. In 13-15% of cases, women report pain during intercourse. One of the signs of a cicatricial deformation process in the neck area is the inability to conceive or bear a child.

Complications

Cicatricial deformity is often complicated by the addition of a secondary infection with the development of chronic cervicitis. The insufficiency of the protective function of the cervical canal leads to the spread of the inflammatory process to the endometrium, fallopian tubes and ovaries. Since the endocervix is ​​constantly exposed to the acidic environment of the vagina, the likelihood of developing erosion, dysplasia, leukoplakia, polyps, and malignant tumors increases dramatically. A scar-changed cervix during childbirth shows functional failure - natural childbirth is delayed or becomes impossible. The disease is one of the causes of cervical infertility.

Diagnostics

Cicatricial changes in the cervical canal and cervix can be suggested by the presence of a history of complicated births or invasive procedures. To confirm the diagnosis, the examination plan includes:

• Gynecological examination on chair. When viewed in the mirrors, an expansion of the external os, old tears, signs of ectropion are revealed. During a vaginal examination, the external os is passable for the gynecologist's finger.
• Colposcopy. Under a microscope, the nature of cicatricial changes in the surface of the cervix and cervical canal is studied in more detail.
• Cytomorphological study. Cytology of smears and biopsy histology allow assessing the condition of cervical cells, as well as detecting tissue degeneration in time.
• Laboratory diagnostics. To identify specific and non-specific infectious agents in the presence of an inflammatory process, serological tests, PCR and planting on the flora are used.

Detection of gross cicatricial changes facilitates the diagnosis. In the presence of complications, it may be necessary to consult an oncogynecologist and a dermatovenereologist.

Treatment of RDSM

Since the disease is accompanied by anatomical changes, surgical methods are most effective for its treatment. The choice of a specific technique is determined by the degree of deformity, the reproductive plans of the woman and the presence of complications. The following types of operations are recommended:

• Ablative methods. To remove scar tissue, ectropion, areas of the endocervix with polyps, dysplasia or leukoplakia, radio wave and argon plasma treatment, laser vaporization, cryodestruction, and diathermocoagulation are used. Ablation is effective in deformity of the 1st degree in patients of reproductive age planning a pregnancy.
• Tracheloplasty. During reconstructive operations, the method of partial or complete dissection removes scar tissue while maintaining the muscle layer and mucosa, and restores the cervical canal. The method is indicated for women of childbearing age with II-III degree of cicatricial deformity.
• Conization and trachelectomy. Excision of the affected areas or amputation is performed when the deformity is combined with intraepithelial neoplasia or incompetence of the muscles of the pelvic floor. Radical surgeries are more often performed in patients who are out of reproductive age.
• Purse-string sutures. When signs of isthmic-cervical insufficiency appear during pregnancy, the locking function of the cervix is ​​restored mechanically. An alternative to the operation in this case may be the installation of an obstetric pessary.

Auxiliary drug treatments are aimed at stopping the inflammatory process. After sanitation of the vagina, patients are prescribed drugs to restore its normal microflora.

Forecast and prevention

Reconstructive plastic surgery in 90-93% of cases allows you to restore the normal shape and function of the cervix. The effectiveness of purse-string sutures in pregnant patients with cicatricial deformity complicated by isthmic-cervical insufficiency ranges from 70 to 94% (depending on the chosen technique). For the prevention of the disease, a reasonable appointment of invasive procedures, timely registration during pregnancy, proper preparation for childbirth and their competent management are recommended. In the presence of traumatic ruptures, their timely suturing with subsequent control by a gynecologist is important.

Content

The female reproductive system is represented by a hollow organ - the uterus, the neck of which performs barrier and mechanical functions, as well as the ovaries and tubes. Violation of the functioning of one of the components will certainly lead to a change in the work of the other. One of the diagnosed pathologies in obstetrics and gynecology is cicatricial deformity of the cervix - what is it?

Characteristic

Most often, connective tissue grows at the site of the ectropion. Ectropion appears as a result of ruptures of the muscles and mucous neck. In this case, the external cervical pharynx is deformed, turning into the vaginal canal. Sagging areas are exposed to the acidic environment of the vagina.

Due to the altered acidity, the risk of inflammation increases. Such unhealthy processes introduce an imbalance in the nutrition of epithelial cells. As a result, the formula of the produced mucus is broken, which leads to infectious attacks.

Thus, cicatricial deformity is a pathological change in the cervical canal, which provokes a violation of the anatomical shape of the cervix. The result of tissue ruptures is excessive growth of connective tissue, narrowing, fusion and scarring.

Such injuries are characterized by different lengths and depths, and can also affect the uterus. The cicatricial formation, as it forms, becomes denser, becomes inextensible. As a result, the cervical canal either narrows or cannot close completely. This leads to a number of complications both during pregnancy and in everyday life. Violation of the anatomy of the cervical canal leads to an increase in the likelihood of penetration of pathogenic flora into the uterus. During the bearing of a child, there is a risk of developing isthmic-cervical insufficiency.

Cicatricial deformity can lead to the inability to become pregnant and carry a child.

A number of reasons lead to the formation of cicatricial lesions.

• Complicated childbirth. With rapid delivery, ruptures of the cervical region occur. Also, the large weight of the fetus and its incorrect location contribute to ruptures. The risk of scarring increases in nulliparous women after thirty years.
• Incorrect suturing. This procedure requires high skill and experience of the doctor. With incorrect suturing or excessive tightening of the medical thread, the recovery process can be complicated, causing deformity.
• Mechanical violation of the integrity of the epithelium. During gynecological procedures, abortions, operations, the instruments used damage the mucous membrane of the cervical canal.
• The result of conization and destruction of pathological formations using electrotechnologies in gynecology (diathermocoagulation, electric loop).

In rare cases, the pathology can be congenital, and be accompanied by diseases of the genitourinary system.

Often, cicatricial deformity of the cervix does not manifest itself. Occasionally, nonspecific symptoms are fixed, which can also be observed with another gynecological ailment:

• pathological discharge of a purulent nature;
• bloody issues;
• pain during intercourse.

If the described signs are ignored and a belated appeal to a gynecologist, the pathology is complicated by endometritis, erosion, tissue keratinization, and even provokes the development of carcinoma.

Treatment

A qualified gynecologist will notice cicatricial deformity already at the initial examination. The doctor examines the neck with the help of mirrors, takes biological material for cytology. For a more detailed examination, a colposcopy is performed, which demonstrates cicatricial changes on an enlarged scale. The doctor also collects the affected tissue for a biopsy.

The advantage of surgical methods of treatment pathology is not only the complete removal of cicatricial lesions, but also the possibility of examining the excised tissue for the presence of atypical cells.

After the studies and confirmation of the diagnosis, the doctor chooses an individual treatment regimen for cicatricial deformity of the cervix, taking into account:

• age range;
• hormonal background;
• the area of ​​the affected surface;
• related diseases.

The main task of treatment is to restore cervical integrity, contributing to the normalization of the protective properties of the reproductive system. Therapy with pharmacological agents makes sense only in case of hormonal dysfunction or inflammation. In other cases, cicatricial lesions are removed.

The doctor determines the necessary type of intervention depending on the degree of damage and the age of the patient.

• Exposure to radio waves, laser and electric current. Through radio wave treatment, the affected parts of the tissues are rejected. Diathermocoagulation, laser vaporization are also used. Destructive ablative methods are considered sparing, they are effective for small cicatricial changes. Such treatment is successfully used in young women who have not yet given birth, since there is a rapid regeneration of the cervical lining.
• Conization. Cut off the cone-shaped part of the affected neck. Such radical treatments are used in women who have left the reproductive period.

It should be understood that after the removal of many scars, an additional operation will be required - plastic restoration of the neck.

After surgical interventions, treatment is carried out aimed at blockade of inflammation, regeneration of the vaginal microflora. In addition, it is necessary to take preventive measures to prevent recurrence of deformity in the cervical canal. For this, proteolytic enzymes are used - Longidase, Wobenzym - the most popular drugs.

When diagnosing cicatricial deformity during pregnancy, you should be regularly observed by a gynecologist. Since such a pathological condition of the cervix can adversely affect the course of pregnancy. In addition, there is a possibility of intrauterine infection due to the unhindered penetration of pathogenic bacteria into the uterine cavity.

In difficult cases and when diagnosing isthmic-cervical insufficiency, sutures are applied to the cervix. An alternative to surgical interventions during childbearing is the placement of an obstetric pessary that supports the cervix until delivery.

With timely detection of deformed tears and their correct excision, recovery occurs without deformation.

Cicatricial deformity of the cervix is ​​a serious pathology that requires competent treatment. Reconstructive operations restore the healthy shape of the cervix and its protective functions.

Cicatricial deformity of the cervix (CCD) is a pathology that develops after surgery on this organ or occurs as a congenital anomaly. A morphological sign is the replacement of the normal mucous membrane of the cervical canal with a deforming scar tissue.

The result is a loss of the protective function of the cervix: the canal cannot close completely to prevent the penetration of a bacterial infection into the uterine cavity. Cicatricial deformity also interferes with the normal course of pregnancy and childbirth. Possible complication of pathology by the development of ectropion.

Development mechanism

The walls of the internal cervical canal are covered with cylindrical epithelial cells, they are able to produce a secret with alkaline properties. In the process of development of the pathology, the alkaline secret from the deformed lumen of the cervical canal enters the vagina, where the reaction of the medium is acidic. The reaction that occurs at the same time violates the normal acid-base balance of the internal genital organs of a woman and creates favorable conditions for the development of pathogenic microflora.

An important reason for the development of cicatricial deformity of the cervix are previously transferred surgical interventions on the internal genital organs and traumatic injuries and ruptures of the cervical canal.

When wounds heal after a traumatic injury, a scar is formed, and blood supply and innervation are disturbed in the scar tissues. This condition interferes with the normal functioning of the organ and can become an obstacle to bearing the fetus. Scars on the cervix are one of the reasons for the development of isthmic-cervical insufficiency, which in turn threatens with frequent miscarriages or premature birth.

Etiological factors

The most common cause of cicatricial deformity of the cervical canal is a woman's prolonged labor, which was complicated by ruptures of the birth canal. Such injuries occur mainly during independent births at home or when special obstetric instruments are used to remove the fetus.

The pathological condition also develops after undergoing surgical manipulations on the pelvic organs with incorrect application of suture material and after an operation to terminate a pregnancy by scraping a fetal egg or embryo. It is not excluded the occurrence of cicatricial deformity after cryodestruction / electrocoagulation of erosion or other diseases of the cervix.

In rare cases, cicatricial deformity of the cervix is ​​a congenital anomaly. The reasons for this violation of intrauterine development of the fetus are unknown.

Clinical picture

In most cases, cicatricial changes in the cervix are detected during preventive gynecological examinations, since clinically this condition may not manifest itself in any way. A woman with such a deformation for a long time may not be aware of the changes that develop in her body.

One of the symptoms is pain during intercourse.

Severe cicatricial changes and the formation of synechia can lead to blockage of the lumen of the cervical canal. During menstruation, blood will accumulate in the uterine cavity - this condition is called a hematometra. Against its background, there is an acute pain in the abdomen with tension in the muscle structures of the anterior wall of the abdominal cavity.

The pathological condition, which is associated with cicatricial deformity of the cervix, is determined using an extended colposcopy. The study allows you to determine changes on the surface of the mucous membrane and detect formations in the form of folds in the area of ​​the cervical canal. The colposcopy procedure is combined with a biopsy: the doctor takes material from the deformed scar tissue for further histological examination.

Bacteriological cultures from the uterine cavity and vagina are carried out to determine the presence of infectious and inflammatory processes.

Therapeutic measures

The method of carrying out therapeutic measures is selected individually for each patient, depending on age characteristics, the general condition of the body and the presence of concomitant diseases.

The main goal of therapeutic measures is to eliminate defects in the anatomical structure of the organ, restore reproductive functions and normalize the protective function of the cervical canal. The main and most common method of treatment is surgery. During surgery, the structural integrity and the correct topographic location of the organ are restored.

Whenever possible, minimally invasive interventions are performed:

• argon plasma treatment;
• diathermocoagulation;
• laser vaporization;
• radio wave exposure to the affected area;
• cryosurgery, etc.

In case of obstruction of the cervical canal, it is expanded with a special tool - a bougie (bougienage).

There are other methods of surgical intervention. In severe and advanced cases, patients are recommended to undergo surgery for reconstruction and plastic surgery of the cervix.

If a patient with cervical cancer becomes pregnant and signs of isthmic-cervical insufficiency are found, sutures are applied to the external os of the uterus to prevent miscarriage or premature birth. The stitches are removed just before delivery.

Prevention

To protect yourself from unpredictable and severe consequences, you must:

• visit a gynecologist at least once a year;
• avoid performing abortions and criminal abortions;
• timely seek medical help if there is discomfort in the genital area;
• avoid traumatic injuries;
• avoid promiscuous and aggressive sexual intercourse.

Cicatricial deformity of the cervix is ​​a serious pathological condition that threatens with serious problems in the reproductive sphere. To avoid such complications, it is recommended to adhere to the above recommendations.

Deformation of the cervix - a change in the natural state of the cervix, as well as its vaginal part. Most often, the deformation of the cervix occurs after abortion, during childbirth, since during the passage of the fetus through the cervix, small cracks and tears form, after surgical interventions, as well as after gynecological operations, which lead to its changes.

Deformation of the cervix after childbirth

During labor, the cervix becomes much shorter and smoother, which allows it to open by 8-10 cm and allow the baby's head to pass easily. Quite often, during the passage of the fetus through the birth canal, ruptures of the cervix occur. The reasons for these adverse events can be: previous ruptures during childbirth, the large weight of the child, gynecological operations, abortions, weak labor activity followed by rapid labor, improperly selected obstetric forceps, untimely strong attempts. As a result, ruptures of the cervix are formed. Tears and cracks can be of different depths and even touch the vagina and the uterus itself. Therefore, at the end of childbirth, the doctor must carefully examine the cervix and the uterus itself for ruptures. If any are found, they are sutured with special threads, which will resolve themselves over time.

If not all breaks were detected and sewn up, the cervix is ​​deformed, its shape and pharynx change. The woman in labor herself may not feel any changes. Most often, an incorrect cervix does not cause any concern in a woman and does not affect the patient's well-being in any way. But this factor can play a decisive role in planning a future pregnancy, since an incorrect cervix can lead to miscarriages, bleeding, amniotic fluid leakage and, as a result, to premature birth. Therefore, it is very important after childbirth to undergo an examination of the cervix for changes, then the doctor will be able to prescribe the correct treatment and remove all the consequences of difficult childbirth.

Cicatricial deformity of the cervix

As a result of surgical interventions or difficult childbirth, ruptures and cracks that are not sewn up at all or not sewn up at all are healed. After that, the woman develops cicatricial deformity of the cervix. In this case, the cervix is ​​deformed and everted into the vaginal part. Cicatricial deformity of the cervix can lead to many diseases: infectious, severe inflammatory processes, which can be aggravated by purulent rashes, hardening of the endometrium, erosion of the cervix, and even the formation of cancer cells. For women who are trying to conceive or carry a child, cervical scarring can be a major cause for concern.

Very often, cicatricial deformity of the cervix does not manifest itself in any way, although obvious signs of this pathology can be: disruptions in the menstrual cycle, as well as abundant discharge during the cycle itself, unpleasant pain in the lower abdomen, painful sexual contacts, white discharge, which may have an unpleasant odor. If you find any of these symptoms in yourself, immediately go to a doctor who can confirm or refute the presumptive diagnosis. To do this, you will be examined on a chair with the help of mirrors, a colposcopy, a cytology of smears will be prescribed, and you will also need to pass some tests. If, nevertheless, you have been diagnosed with a cicatricial deformity of the cervix, do not panic, the doctor will prescribe you a course of treatment that will be aimed at restoring the natural initial state of the cervix and its integrity. In most cases, this treatment is quite successful, although it will take some time.

Cervical deformity: consequences

As mentioned above, many women may not even notice that their cervix is ​​deformed and they do not observe any negative consequences. Although for many this can become a significant obstacle in planning and bearing a child. Very often, it is the deformation of the cervix that becomes the main cause of involuntary abortions and early births. In addition, with strong changes in the cervix, or rather, its eversion into the vaginal part, a woman can develop: keratinization of the tissues of the cervical canal, death of the epithelium, endometritis, cervicitis, erosion, inflammation and even cervical cancer. Therefore, you should not delay timely treatment for a long time, which can prevent many health problems in the future.

Cervical deformity: treatment

When choosing a treatment for cervical deformity, many factors are taken into account: what caused the development of the disease, the degree of tissue damage, the age of the patient, concomitant infections and inflammatory processes. Most often, the deformation of the cervix is ​​treated by surgery or destructive methods. If the changes are minor, the tissues are not deeply affected, then laser plastic surgery, cryodestruction or diathermocoagulation is prescribed. If the deformation is significant enough and there are prerequisites for the presence of neoplasms, then reconstructive plastic surgery or excision of the cervix is ​​​​performed.

All these methods are aimed at restoring the natural state of the cervix, vaginal microflora and restoring reproductive function. It is also recommended to prevent the development of cancer cells and neoplasms. Treatment of cervical deformity is a rather lengthy process, but, in most cases, it is very successful, and a woman will be able to become pregnant and bear an absolutely healthy baby.

Cervical deformity is not as scary as it seems at first glance, because the disease can be diagnosed and treated, after which you can plan a pregnancy and get rid of many concomitant diseases. The main thing is to seek help from a specialist in time.