8.2. Calculations for each source of thermal energy of standard stocks of emergency fuels Information on stocks of emergency fuel is presented in Chapter 1, Part 8, clause 8.2 of the Justifying Materials for the Heat Supply Scheme.

Calculation of the standard reserves of emergency fuels is carried out on the basis of the order of the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation dated 04.09.2008 No. No. 66 "On the organization in the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation of work on the approval of standards for the creation of fuel reserves at thermal power plants and boiler houses." According to it, the standard for the creation of fuel reserves at thermal power plants and boiler houses is the total standard stock of the main and reserve fuels (hereinafter - ONZT) and is determined by the sum of the volumes of the irreducible standard fuel stock (hereinafter - NNP) and the standard operational fuel stock (hereinafter - NEZT) .

Calculation method:

1. Estimated amount of NNCT is determined by the average daily planned fuel consumption of the coldest month of the heating period and the number of days, determined taking into account the type of fuel and the method of its delivery:

where: Q max - average value of heat energy supply to the heat network (boiler house output) in the coldest month, Gcal/day;

H SR.T - the calculated standard of specific fuel consumption for the supplied thermal energy for the coldest month, tce/Gcal;

To- coefficient of conversion of natural fuel into conditional;

T- duration of the period of formation of the volume of the irreducible fuel reserve, days.

2. The number of days for which the NNCT is calculated is determined by the actual time required for the delivery of fuel from the supplier or base warehouses, and the time required for loading and unloading operations (table).

Table

Type of fuel	Fuel Delivery Method	Fuel reserve volume, days
solid	railway transport	14
solid	motor transport	7
liquid	railway transport	10
liquid	motor transport	5

3. For boiler houses operating on local fuels, NNCT is not established.

4. To calculate the amount of NEZT, the planned average daily fuel consumption of the three coldest months of the heating period and the number of days are taken:

for solid fuel - 45 days;

for liquid fuel - 30 days.

where: - the average value of the supply of thermal energy to the heating network (production by boiler houses) during the three coldest months, Gcal/day;

H SR.T - the calculated standard of the weighted average specific fuel consumption for the supplied thermal energy for the three coldest months, kg of fuel equivalent/Gcal;

T- the number of days.

5. For organizations operating gas-fired heating (industrial and heating) boiler houses with reserve fuel, the NEZT includes the amount of reserve fuel required to replace ( AT ZAM) gas fuel during periods of reduction of its supply by gas supply organizations.

Meaning AT ZAM is determined on the basis of data on the limitation of gas supply by gas supply organizations during the cold weather period established for the current year.

Taking into account deviations of actual data on restrictions from those reported by gas supply organizations for the current and two previous years, the value AT ZAM can be increased by their average value, but not more than 25 percent.

where: T ZAM - the number of days during which the gas supply is reduced;

d ZAM - the share of daily fuel consumption to be replaced;

To ZAM - coefficient of deviation of the actual indicators of gas supply reduction;

To EKV - the ratio of the calorific value of the reserve fuel and gas.

6. NERT for organizations for which fuel is imported seasonally (before the start of the heating season) is determined by the total planned fuel consumption for the entire heating period for its total duration.

The calculation is made according to the formula:

where: Q СР - the average daily value of the supply of thermal energy to the heating network during the heating period, Gcal / day;

H SR - weighted average standard of specific fuel consumption for the heating period, tce/Gcal;

T- duration of the heating period, days.

NNCT for organizations for which fuel is imported seasonally is not calculated.

The calculation results for each source of thermal energy of the standard reserves of emergency fuels are presented in the table.

Regulatory reserves of emergency fuels

Thermal energy source	Type of fuel	Stages
		Base year 2015			2020			2025			2032
		NNCT	NERT	ONRT	NNCT	NERT	ONRT	NNCT	NERT	ONRT	NNCT	NERT	ONRT
Boiler room, Misheronsky village	Fuel oil, t	0,217	0,529	0,746	0,224	0,546	0,770	0,231	0,562	0,793	-	-	-
Boiler room, Misheronsky village	Diesel fuel, t	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0,216	0,525	0,741
Boiler room Baksheyevo	Furnace fuel, t	0,208	0,506	0,714	0,210	0,512	0,722	0,213	0,518	0,731	-	-	-
Boiler room Baksheyevo	Diesel fuel, t	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0,194	0,473	0,667
Boiler room with. Vlasovo	Diesel fuel, t	-	-	-	-	-	-	0,214	0,520	0,734	0,297	0,722	1,018
Boiler house in Borduki village	Diesel fuel, t	-	-	-	-	-	-	0,307	0,746	1,052	0,513	1,248	1,762

Order of the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation of August 10, 2012 N 377
"On the procedure for determining the standards for technological losses in the transmission of thermal energy, coolant, standards for specific fuel consumption in the production of thermal energy, standards for fuel reserves at sources of thermal energy (with the exception of sources of thermal energy operating in the mode of combined generation of electric and thermal energy), including including for the purpose of state regulation of prices (tariffs) in the field of heat supply"

With changes and additions from:

Table 1

Type of fuel	Fuel Delivery Method	Fuel reserve volume, days

	railway transport
	motor transport
	railway transport
	motor transport

21. To calculate the amount of NEZT, the planned average daily fuel consumption of the three coldest months of the heating period and the number of days are taken:

for solid fuel - 45 days;

for liquid fuel - 30 days.

The calculation is made according to the formula 2.2.

(thousand tons), (2.2)

where - the average value of the supply of thermal energy to the heating network (production by boiler houses) during the three coldest months, Gcal / day;

Estimated standard for the weighted average specific fuel consumption for the supplied heat energy for the three coldest months, tce/Gcal;

T is the number of days, days.

22. For organizations operating gas-fired heating (industrial and heating) boiler houses with reserve fuel, the NEZT additionally includes the amount of reserve fuel necessary to replace gas fuel during periods of reduction in its supply by gas supply organizations.

The value is determined according to the data on the limitation of gas supply by gas supply organizations during the cold weather period established for the current year.

Taking into account the deviations of the actual data on restrictions from those reported by gas supply organizations for the current and two previous years, the value can be increased according to their average value, but not more than 25%.

(thousand tons), (2.3)

where is the number of days during which the gas supply is reduced;

Percentage of daily fuel consumption to be replaced;

Deviation coefficient of actual indicators of gas supply reduction;

The ratio of the calorific value of the reserve fuel and gas.

23. NERT for organizations for which fuel is imported seasonally (before the start of the heating season) is determined by the total planned fuel consumption for the entire heating period for its total duration.

The calculation is made according to the formula 2.4.

(thousand tons), (2.4)

where is the average daily value of the supply of thermal energy to the heating network during the heating period, Gcal/day;

Weighted average standard of specific fuel consumption for the heating period, toe/Gcal;

T - duration of the heating period, days.

NNCT for organizations for which fuel is imported seasonally is not calculated.

24. The main initial data and the results of calculations of the standards for the creation of fuel reserves are recommended to be drawn up in accordance with Appendix No. 1 to this Procedure.

25. For organizations in which the production and transmission of thermal energy are not the main activities, the composition of the ONZT includes:

NNZT, calculated from the total heat load connected to the source;

NEZT, determined by the connected heat load of external consumers of heat energy.

26. Calculations of the standards for the creation of OHZT heating (industrial heating) boiler houses are recommended to be drawn up in the form in accordance with Appendix No. 2 to this Procedure.

the word "Instruction" in the corresponding case shall be replaced by the word "order" in the corresponding case;

in paragraph 3, after the words "per gigacalorie (kg of fuel equivalent/Gcal)" add the words "with differentiation by months";

e) in appendices N 1-14 to the Instruction:

in the numbering headings, the words "to the Instructions on the organization in the Ministry of Energy of Russia of work on the calculation and justification of the standards for the specific fuel consumption for the supplied electric and thermal energy from thermal and electric power plants and boiler houses" shall be replaced by the words "to the procedure for determining the standards for the specific fuel consumption in the production of electrical and thermal energy";

"The procedure for determining the standards of technological losses in the transfer of thermal energy, coolant";

Paragraphs one and two of clause 1 shall be stated as follows:

"1. The standards for technological losses during the transfer of thermal energy, coolant (hereinafter referred to as the norms for technological losses) are determined for each organization operating thermal networks for the transfer of thermal energy, coolant to consumers (hereinafter referred to as the heat network organization). Determining the standards for technological losses is carried out by performing calculations of standards for heat network of each heat supply system, regardless of the calculated hourly heat load connected to it.

Standards for technological losses during the transfer of heat energy, heat carrier through heat networks of organizations for which the transfer of heat energy is not the main activity (hereinafter referred to as enterprises), providing services for the transfer of heat energy to third-party consumers connected to the heat networks of the enterprise, are approved in the part related to to third party users. At the same time, technological losses during the transfer of thermal energy for the enterprise's own consumption are excluded from the specified standards.

Fuel reserves

Humanity now uses as much fuel per year as has been stored on the planet for millions of years.

The level of fuel consumption can be judged on the level of well-being of the country. On average, one person on Earth consumes about 5 kg reference fuel (cf) per day, in industrialized countries - about 30 kg c.u. per day. The total fuel consumption in the world is about 12 billion tons of standard fuel (tce) per year.

According to the latest data from the World Energy Council (WEC), the fossil fuel reserves in the world amount to 1220 billion tons of fuel equivalent, and the total recoverable fuel reserves are 4–5 times more, i.e. sufficient for world demand for many decades (up to 500 years).

Consumption and explored fuel reserves in the world are given in Table. 1.1.

Table 1.1 - Consumption and fuel reserves

An expert, optimistic assessment of the possible amount of fuel in the bowels of the Earth according to the data is given in Table. 1.2.

Table 1.2 - Estimation of the amount of fuel in the bowels of the Earth and the stock at current consumption

The most important problem for every country is its energy supply.

In table. 1.3 presents data on the provision of Ukraine with its own energy resources according to the data.

Table 1.2 - Provision of Ukraine with its own energy resources

Ukraine belongs to the countries with a deficit of its own natural hydrocarbon resources. Ukraine produces about 94 million tons of fuel equivalent of its own fuel. per year, and the need for a normal state of the economy is about 300 million tons of fuel equivalent. in year. The need for imports is about 206 million tce, including natural gas - 138 million tce. (120 billion m 3), oil - 68 million tons of fuel equivalent. (50 million tons).

In Ukraine, the structure of consumption of primary energy resources looked like this in recent years:

Natural gas - 43%;

Oil - 18%; (gas + oil - 61%);

Coal - 23%;

Nuclear energy - 16%.

Coal deposits in Ukraine:

Donetsk coal basin of the Luhansk region (coal of all grades).

Lviv-Volynsky coal basin (coal grade G).

Natural gas fields: Dashavskoye, Shebelinskoye, gas field in Gogolevo.

Due to the shelf of the Black and Azov Seas, it is planned to increase oil and gas production.

Taking into account the advanced world experience, important and promising for Ukraine is:

Increasing coal production to replace oil and natural gas;

Use of energy-saving industries and technologies;

Safety of existing nuclear units and obtaining own nuclear fuel, analysis of the possibility of building new NPP units;

Search and production of new types of fuel from vegetable raw materials, technical alcohols, etc.

NEZT is necessary for the reliable and stable operation of the boiler house and ensures the planned generation of thermal energy in the event of restrictions on fuel supplies.

NEZT is determined in accordance with paragraph 23 of the “Procedure for determining the standards for fuel reserves at sources of thermal energy (with the exception of thermal energy sources operating in the mode of combined generation of electric and thermal energy) of the Order of the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation No. 377 dated August 10, 2012 for the total planned consumption fuel for the entire heating period according to its total duration.

The calculation is made according to the formula:

where: Qav – average daily value of heat energy supply to the heat network during the heating period, Gcal/day;

Н av – weighted average standard of specific consumption of standard fuel for supplied thermal energy, for the heating period, kg of reference fuel/Gcal;

T is the duration of the heating period, days;

K - caloric equivalent, adopted in accordance with the "Methodology for determining the need for fuel, electric energy and water in the production and transmission of thermal energy and heat carrier in public heating systems", approved by the State Construction Committee of Russia on August 12, 2003, K coal \u003d 0.7143;

The results of NERT calculation are summarized in Table 3

Table of calculated data for NEZT at the boiler house

Table 3

As a result of the analysis of materials and calculations, the following values of the standards for creating fuel reserves at the boiler house for 2016 were obtained (Table 4):

Table of calculated data of ONZT at the boiler house

Table 4

Conclusion

In the course of the work performed on the basis of the auditing company Space-Energoaudit LLC as part of research practice, skills were acquired in calculating the standards for technological losses during the transmission of heat energy through heating networks, the standards for specific fuel consumption in boiler houses. In addition, experience was gained in calculating standards for the creation of fuel reserves at boiler houses.

When calculating thermal standards, specialized software products such as Microsoft Excel and RaTeN were used. They greatly facilitate numerous calculation operations and bring the results into tables. Also, the calculation implied the involvement and study of regulatory technical documentation, which is important for the future thermal power engineer.

Bibliography

1. Federal Law of the Russian Federation of August 17, 1995 No. 147-FZ “On Natural Monopolies”.

2. Federal Law of the Russian Federation dated April 14, 1995 No. 41-FZ “On State Regulation of Electricity and Heat Energy Tariffs in the Russian Federation”.

3. “The procedure for determining the standards for fuel reserves at sources of thermal energy (with the exception of thermal energy sources operating in the mode of combined electric and thermal energy) was approved by order of the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation dated 10.08.2012 No. 377.

4. Information letter of the Ministry of Energy of Russia dated September 21, 2009 "On improving the quality of preparation of calculations and justifications for the standards for creating fuel reserves for boiler houses of the housing and communal complex and energy enterprises."

5. "Administrative regulations of the Ministry of Energy of Russia on the execution of the state function of approving the standards for the creation of fuel reserves at thermal power plants and boiler houses", approved by Order of the Ministry of Energy of Russia dated 06.05.09. No. 136 (registration of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation dated May 22, 09 No. 13978).

6. "Methodology for determining the need for fuel, electricity and water in the production and transmission of thermal energy and heat carriers in public heating systems", approved by the Deputy Chairman of the Gosstroy of Russia on 12.08.2003.

7. “Methodological guidelines for compiling an energy characteristic for heat energy transport systems in terms of “heat losses”, approved by Order of the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation dated June 30, 2003 No. 278.

8. "Methodological guidelines for compiling energy characteristics for thermal energy transport systems" (RD 153-34.0-20.523-98), approved by OAO RAO "UES of Russia" dated 06.07.1998.

9. "The procedure for determining the standards for specific fuel consumption in the production of electrical and thermal energy", approved by the Order of the Ministry of Energy of Russia dated December 30, 2008 No. 323.

10. TSN 23-316-2000 of the Tomsk region. Thermal protection of residential and public buildings. Administration of the Tomsk region. - Tomsk: 2000.

Applications

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ORDER of the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation dated 04-09-2008 66 ON THE ORGANIZATION OF THE APPROVAL WORK IN THE MINISTRY OF ENERGY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION... Relevant in 2018

III. Methodology for performing calculations of standards for creating fuel reserves for heating (industrial and heating) boiler houses

33. This section defines the procedure for performing calculations of standards for the creation of fuel reserves for heating (industrial and heating) boiler houses that provide district heating to consumers with a predominant heating and ventilation load and a load of hot water supply.

34. Standards for the creation of fuel reserves can be formed:

For the organization as a whole, with the possibility of using fuel reserves, regardless of the territorial location of sources of thermal energy and warehouses for storing fuel;

for separate separate subdivisions (branches) by type of fuel;

For separate divisions (branches), geographically remote from other divisions of the organization.

35. The standards for the creation of fuel reserves for organizations and (or) their separate subdivisions (branches) in areas where fuel delivery is seasonal are subject to separate calculation and justification.

The standard for the creation of fuel reserves for these organizations includes fuel that becomes the property of the heat supply organization at the time of its delivery.

36. Estimated amount of NNCT is determined by the average daily planned fuel consumption of the coldest month of the heating period and the number of days, determined taking into account the type of fuel and the method of its delivery:

(3.1)

Where: Q_max is the average value of heat supply to the heat network (boiler house output) in the coldest month, Gcal/day;

Н_ср, t is the calculated standard of specific fuel consumption for the supplied thermal energy for the coldest month, tce/Gcal;

K - coefficient of conversion of natural fuel into conditional;

T is the duration of the period of formation of the volume of the irreducible fuel supply, days.

37. The number of days for which the NNCT is calculated is determined by the actual time required for the delivery of fuel from the supplier or base warehouses, and the time required for loading and unloading operations (table 3.1).

Table 3.1

38. For boiler houses operating on local types of fuel, NNCT is not established.

39. To calculate the amount of NEZT, the planned average daily fuel consumption of the three coldest months of the heating period and the number of days are taken:

for solid fuel - 45 days;

for liquid fuel - 30 days.

The calculation is made according to the formula 3.2.

(3.2)

Where: Q(e)_max - the average value of the supply of thermal energy to the heating network (production by boiler houses) during the three coldest months, Gcal/day;

N_sr.t - the calculated standard of the weighted average specific fuel consumption for the supplied thermal energy for the three coldest months, kg of fuel equivalent/Gcal;

T is the number of days.

40. For organizations operating gas-fired heating (industrial and heating) boiler houses with reserve fuel, the NEZT includes the amount of reserve fuel necessary to replace (V_zam) gas fuel during periods of reduction in its supply by gas supply organizations.

The value of V_zam is determined according to the data on the limitation of gas supply by gas supply organizations during the period of cold weather, established for the current year.

Taking into account the deviations of the actual data on restrictions from those reported by gas supply organizations for the current and two previous years, the value of V_zam can be increased according to their average value, but not more than by 25 percent.

(3.3)

Where: T_zam - the number of days during which the gas supply is reduced;

d_zam - the share of daily fuel consumption to be replaced;

K_zam - the coefficient of deviation of the actual indicators of the reduction in gas supply;

K_eq - the ratio of the calorific value of the reserve fuel and gas.

41. NERT for organizations for which fuel is imported seasonally (before the start of the heating season) is determined by the total planned fuel consumption for the entire heating period for its total duration.

The calculation is made according to the formula 3.4.

(3.4)

Where: Q_sr - the average daily value of the supply of thermal energy to the heating network during the heating period, Gcal / day;

Н_ср - weighted average standard of specific fuel consumption for the heating period, tce/Gcal;

T - duration of the heating period, days.

NNCT for organizations for which fuel is imported seasonally is not calculated.

42. The main initial data and the results of calculations of the standards for the creation of fuel reserves are drawn up in the form of tables 3.2 and 3.3.

43. For organizations in which the production and transmission of thermal energy are not the main activities, the composition of the ONZT includes:

NNZT, calculated from the total heat load connected to the source;

NEZT, determined by the connected heat load of external consumers (subscribers, sub-subscribers).

44. Calculations of the standards for the creation of ONZT heating (industrial and heating) boiler houses are drawn up in the form in accordance with Appendix 3 to this Instruction.

Table 3.2

Basic initial data and calculation results for the creation of a normative minimum fuel reserve (NNCT)

Type of fuel						NNCT, thousand tons
1	2	3	4	5	6	7

Table 3.3

Basic input data and calculation results for the creation of a standard operating fuel reserve (NEZT)

Type of fuel	Average daily heat generation, Gcal/day	Specific fuel consumption standard, toe/Gcal	Average daily fuel consumption, t	Coefficient of conversion of natural fuel into equivalent fuel	Number of days for stock calculation	NEZT, thousand tons
1	2	3	4	5	6	7