Vitamin E - what is useful. Medicinal reference book geotar Vitamin e in what form is produced

Tocopherol acetate (tocopherol)

Composition and form of release of the drug

10 pieces. - cellular contour packings (3) - packs of cardboard.
10 pieces. - cellular contour packings (6) - packs of cardboard.

pharmachologic effect

Vitamin E. It has an antioxidant effect, participates in the biosynthesis of heme and proteins, cell proliferation, tissue respiration, and other important processes of tissue metabolism, prevents hemolysis of erythrocytes, and prevents increased permeability and capillary fragility.

Pharmacokinetics

When taken orally, absorption is 50%; in the process of absorption, it forms a complex with lipoproteins (intracellular carriers of tocopherol). Bile acids are required for absorption. It binds to alpha 1 and beta lipoproteins, partially to serum. If protein metabolism is disturbed, transport is hindered. Cmax is reached after 4 hours. It is deposited in the adrenal glands, pituitary gland, testes, adipose and muscle tissue, erythrocytes, and liver. More than 90% is excreted in the bile, 6% - by the kidneys.

Indications

Hypovitaminosis, conditions of convalescence after diseases occurring with a febrile syndrome, high physical activity, old age, diseases of the ligamentous apparatus and muscles. Climacteric vegetative disorders. with overwork, asthenic neurasthenic syndrome, primary muscular dystrophy, post-traumatic, post-infectious secondary myopathy. Degenerative and proliferative changes in the joints and ligaments of the spine and large joints.

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity to tocopherol.

Dosage

Usually prescribed 100-300 mg / day. If necessary, the dose can be increased to 1 g / day.

Side effects

Maybe: allergic reactions; when taken in high doses - epigastric pain; with i / m administration - soreness, infiltration at the injection site.

pharmachologic effect

Shows antioxidant properties;
Protects muscles and heart from dystrophic changes.
Positively affects the reproductive system;
Increases the likelihood of conception;
Increases libido and makes sperm more mobile;
Protects important body substrates from premature oxidation;
Participates in the synthesis of blood cells and hemoglobin;
Prevents excessive fragility of blood vessels;
Stops degenerative processes in the liver and nerve cells.

Indications for use

Taking liquid vitamin E is indicated in such cases:

Vitamin E deficiency.
Dystrophy of skeletal muscles and myocardium.
Degenerative diseases of the joints and tendons.
Disorders of the menstrual cycle.
Infertility.
Risk of miscarriage.
Decreased libido and impotence.
Cirrhosis of the liver.
Anemia of various origins.
Recovery after diseases and surgical interventions.
Systemic peripheral vascular disease.
As an antioxidant in complex therapy.

Contraindications

Taking liquid vitamin E is contraindicated in:

Intolerance to the components of the drug.
Progressive cardiosclerosis.
Myocardial infarction.

Side effects

In rare cases, taking the drug can cause:

Hypersensitivity reactions, most often in the form of a skin rash.
Lethargy.
Headache.
Coordination disorders.
Visual impairment.

special instructions

Use with caution in violations of blood clotting and predisposition to thromboembolism. If side effects occur, you should refuse to drive vehicles and potentially dangerous mechanisms.

Vitamin E in liquid form - interaction with other drugs

The simultaneous intake of liquid vitamin E and preparations containing iron, silver, alkalis and anticoagulants is not recommended.
Reduces the activity of vitamin K.
Increases the effectiveness of anti-inflammatory drugs.
Reduces the toxicity of cardiac glycosides.
Enhances the action of other antioxidants.
Increases the effectiveness of antiepileptic drugs.
With simultaneous use with mineral laxatives, the bioavailability of vitamin E decreases.

Overdose

Taking large doses of the drug can cause:

Violation of blood clotting.
Enlargement of the liver.
Bleeding in the stomach and intestines.
Diarrhea.
Vomit.
Increased blood cholesterol and creatine levels in the urine.

If these symptoms appear, you should immediately stop taking the drug and consult a doctor. Therapy is symptomatic, the appointment of glucocorticosteroids.

Terms of sale

It is released in pharmacies without a prescription.
Tocopherol acetate 10%(vitamin E liquid) — price 8 UAH / 25 rubles. for 20 ml.
Solgar vitamin E oil solution— price 350 UAH / 1080 rubles. for 60 ml.
30% vitamin E in oil— price 28 UAH / 80 rubles. for 50 ml.

Storage conditions

Store in its original packaging, in a dark, dry place, protected from children, at a temperature of 15 to 25º C.

Best before date

If the storage conditions are observed, the shelf life is 2 years from the date of production.

Liquid vitamin E reviews

According to patient reviews, the liquid form of vitamin E is easy to dose and very convenient to use. In addition to oral administration, the drug is often applied topically, both in its pure form and as part of masks and shampoos.

The therapeutic effect corresponds to the one declared by the manufacturer. Side effects are extremely rare, and often disappear without outside intervention.

"Zentiva" a.s., Slovak Republic
"Slovakofarma" j.s.c., Slovak Republic

Active ingredient of Vitamin E

Tocopherol.

Vitamin E release forms

Capsules 200 mg, 400 mg No. 30 in vials; No. 10, No. 20 in blisters

Who needs Vitamin E

The drug is prescribed:
for the prevention of violations of embryonic development, as an adjuvant therapy for menstrual irregularities.
The drug is used as an adjuvant:
in the treatment of diseases of the respiratory tract and digestive tract, the muscular system, the articular apparatus, neurological diseases, dysfunction of the endocrine glands, with malnutrition, diseases of the gums, liver,
with anemia, skin diseases; in adjuvant therapy - with perceptual hearing impairment.
The drug is recommended to be taken for the prevention of chronic diseases (for example, with impaired immunity).
The drug is used during pregnancy and lactation.

How to use Vitamin E

Dosage and administration
Doses are selected individually, depending on the nature of the disease. Unless otherwise instructed by the doctor, dosing for adults:

infertility, spontaneous abortion: 200-300 mg daily;
in violation of the menstrual cycle (in combination with hormone therapy) 300-400 mg every other day, repeating 5 times, starting from the 17th day of the cycle;
with menopausal autonomic disorders, 100 mg 3 times a day;
in violation of the menstrual cycle in juvenile age before hormone therapy, 100 mg 1 to 2 times a day for 2 to 3 months;
with rheumatoid diseases, 100-300 mg daily for several weeks;
with neurasthenia, overwork, 100 mg daily for 30-60 days;
with primary muscular dystrophy up to 2000 mg per day,
for other neurological indications, 300 mg per day is sufficient for 30 to 60 days;
in cardiovascular diseases, 100 mg daily for 20 to 40 days;
with alimentary anemia, 300 mg per day for 10 days;
in chronic hepatitis with exacerbations, treatment is prescribed with a daily dose of 300 mg for several months;
with endocrinological diseases, 300-500 mg daily;
with paradontopathies, 200-300 mg per day;
with induratio penis plastica 300-400 mg daily for several weeks, then 100 mg every day for several months
for skin diseases, 100-200 mg per day for 20-40 days;
as a component of antioxidant therapy, 400 mg is used 1 to 2 times a day;
for the prevention of chronic diseases (for example, cardiovascular diseases, with impaired immunity) 100 mg 1-2 times a day for 1-3 weeks.

Dosage for children over the age of 12 years - 200 - 400 mg daily.
Dosage for children under the age of 12 is selected by the pediatrician.
The capsule is swallowed whole with a sufficient amount of neutral liquid.

Application features
Care must be taken when using vitamin E in patients with complex cardiosclerosis and in acute myocardial infarction.

Side Effects of Vitamin E

Usually the drug is well tolerated, however, with prolonged treatment or after taking large doses, in exceptional cases, indigestion, fatigue, weakness, and headache are possible. High doses of vitamin E may exacerbate the clotting disorder caused by a lack of vitamin K.

To whom is Vitamin E contraindicated?

The drug should not be taken by patients with hypersensitivity to any of the components of the drug.
Children's age (up to 3 years).

Vitamin E interaction

Vitamin E facilitates the absorption, utilization and assimilation of vitamin A, and prevents the development of beriberi A. At a dose of more than 10 mg / kg per day, vitamin E slows down the therapeutic effect of iron when administered to children with iron deficiency anemia.
In low birth weight infants who are given iron supplementation, vitamin E deficiency can cause hemolytic anemia.
Vitamin E or its metabolites have the opposite effect of vitamin K. In patients treated with oral anticoagulants, long-term use of vitamin E can cause hemorrhages. There is evidence that vitamin E may increase the effectiveness of anticonvulsants in patients with epilepsy who have an elevated blood level of lipid peroxidation products.

Vitamin E overdose

When taken orally at the recommended doses, adverse reactions do not occur.
When taking high doses of the drug (over 400 mg per day for a long time), dyspepsia, fatigue, general weakness, headache are possible. Creatinuria, an increase in creatine kinase activity, an increase in the concentration of cholesterol, triglyceride, a decrease in the concentration of thyroxine and triiodothyronine in the blood serum, an increase in the content of estrogens and androgens in the urine are also noted. There is no specific antidote, treatment is symptomatic.

oral oil solution 5%: fl. 20 ml

Oily oral solution 5%

Excipients:

oral oil solution 10%: fl. 20 ml
Reg. No: 6334/03/08 dated 06/28/2008 - Canceled

Oily oral solution 10% from light yellow to dark yellow, transparent, without rancid odor; a greenish tint is allowed.

Excipients: refined sunflower oil or refined deodorized sunflower oil brand "P" frozen.

20 ml - bottles (1) - packages.

oral oil solution 30%: fl. 20 ml
Reg. No: 6334/03/08 dated 06/28/2008 - Canceled

Oily oral solution 30% from light yellow to dark yellow, transparent, without rancid odor; a greenish tint is allowed.

Excipients: refined sunflower oil or refined deodorized sunflower oil brand "P" frozen.

20 ml - bottles (1) - packages.

Description of the medicinal product ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL ACETATE (VITAMIN E) oily solution for oral administration was created in 2010 on the basis of instructions posted on the official website of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Belarus. Date of update: 04/20/2011

pharmachologic effect

Vitamin E is an antioxidant agent that protects various endogenous substances of the body from oxidation. It inhibits lipid peroxidation, which is activated in many diseases. It takes part in the processes of tissue respiration, biosynthesis of heme and proteins, metabolism of fats and carbohydrates, cell proliferation, etc. With a deficiency of vitamin E, degenerative changes in the muscles develop, the permeability and fragility of capillaries increase, the epithelium of the seminiferous tubules and testicles is reborn, degenerative processes are noted in the nervous tissue and hepatocytes. Vitamin E deficiency can cause hemolytic jaundice in newborns, malabsorption syndrome, steatorrhea.

Pharmacokinetics

The drug is absorbed in the intestine in the presence of fat and bile acids, the mechanism of absorption is passive diffusion. It is transported as part of blood b-lipoproteins, the maximum concentration is reached by the 4th hour after ingestion. It is excreted in the feces, conjugants and tocopheronic acid are excreted in the urine.

Indications for use

Hypoavitaminosis of vitamin E, treatment of muscular dystrophies of various nature and genesis, dermatomyositis, Dupuytren's contracture, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, psoriasis, to increase the effectiveness of anticonvulsants in epilepsy.

Dosing regimen

Alpha-Tocopherol acetate (Vitamin E) is administered orally.

Inside the drug is used in the form of 5%, 10% and 30% oil solutions. 1 ml of the solution contains 0.05 g, 0.1 g and 0.3 g of alpha-tocopherol acetate, respectively (1 ml of the solution contains 30 drops from an eye dropper). Daily daily requirement - 0.01 g per day.

For the prevention of hypoavitaminosis E in adults, take up to 0.01 g (6 drops of a 5% solution) per day. For the treatment of hypoavitaminosis E, take from 0.01 g to 0.04 g (3-12 drops of a 10% solution) per day.

With muscular dystrophies, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, other diseases of the neuromuscular system, the daily dose is 0.05-0.1 g (15-30 drops of a 10% solution). Accepted for 30-60 days with a repetition of courses in 2-3 months. In case of violation of spermatogenesis and potency in men, the daily dose is 0.1-0.3 g (1030 drops of a 30% solution). In combination with hormonal therapy, it is prescribed for 30 days.

With the threat of abortion, alpha-Tocopherol acetate (Vitamin E) is taken at a daily dose of 0.1-0.15 g (10-15 drops of a 30% solution) for 7-14 days. In case of abortion and deterioration of intrauterine development of the fetus, 0.1-0.15 g (10-15 drops of a 30% solution) is prescribed daily or every other day for the first 2-3 months of pregnancy. With atherosclerosis, myocardial dystrophy, peripheral vascular diseases, 0.1 g (30 drops of a 10% solution or 10 drops of a 30% solution) of the drug is administered per day together with vitamin A. The course of treatment is 20-40 days with a possible repetition of treatment after 3-6 months.

In the complex therapy of cardiovascular diseases, eye and other diseases, alpha-Tocopherol acetate (Vitamin E) is prescribed at a dose of 0.05-0.1 g (15-30 drops of a 10% solution) 1-2 times a day. The course of treatment is 1-3 weeks.

In dermatological diseases, the daily dose of the drug is 0.05-0.1 g (15-30 drops of a 10% solution). The course of treatment is 20-40 days.

With malnutrition and a decrease in capillary resistance in infants, a daily dose of 0.005-0.01 g (3-6 drops of a 5% solution) is used.

For prophylactic purposes, the drug is used at 0.01 g (6 drops of a 5% solution) 1 time per day for 1-3 weeks, for children less than 0.01 g per day.

It is preferable to use the drug during meals.

Side effects

In isolated cases, allergic reactions (itching, skin flushing and rash) can be observed. With long-term treatment, in rare cases, nausea, constipation, diarrhea, headache, fatigue, weakness, dysfunction of the sex glands, thrombophlebitis, hypercholesterolemia are possible.

When using significant doses, a slight temporary upset stomach, epigastric pain, headache, dizziness and visual impairment are possible. Taking large doses can aggravate blood clotting disorders caused by a lack of vitamin K in the body, impaired thyroid function. With a pronounced side effect, the drug is canceled.

Contraindications for use

Hypersensitivity to the drug, severe cardiosclerosis, myocardial infarction, bleeding disorders, hypoprothrombinemia. Take with extreme caution at an increased risk of thromboembolism.

Vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) is a drug with an ambiguous effect. On the one hand, it enhances oxidative processes, preventing oxygen starvation at the cellular level, and on the other hand, it accelerates some reactions that are not always favorable for human health. For the drug to be beneficial, it should be taken only as prescribed by the doctor.

Description of the drug

There are eight vitamers of tocopherol found in nature. Pharmaceutical uses mainly alpha-tocopherol, which can be fully recreated synthetically. It is this substance that is active in most vitamin E medicines.

Other types of tocopherol are included in preparations containing natural vitamin E. It is obtained by extraction from natural sources of plant and animal origin. It is characteristic that all tocopherol vitamers have the same characteristics in terms of strength and spectrum of action on the human body. For this reason, synthetic alpha-tocopherol is calmly prescribed by doctors for symptoms of E-deficiency or beriberi.

Benefits of Encapsulated Tocopherol:

fast absorption;
oil content for complete absorption;
ease of use;
dosing accuracy.

The pharmaceutical industry produces encapsulated tocopherol in three dosages:

100 mg;
200 mg;
400 mg.

Since the most studied vitamer is alpha-tocopherol, the dosage is considered in IU, equating precisely to its activity.

Impact on the human body

The ability of tocopherol to dissolve in fats determines the ability of this substance to accumulate in body tissues. All membrane structures of cells contain triglycerides, which are fat-containing compounds. It is they who accumulate tocopherol. The highest concentrations are noted in the pituitary cells, hepatocytes, testicular tissues, muscle tissue, and also in the composition of erythrocytes.

The benefits of tocopherol are based on its antioxidant properties:

inactivates free radicals;
supports the structure of connective tissue;
slows down the aging process of all body tissues;
participates in the destruction of cancer cells;
protects other vitamins from the influence of radicals;
promotes the absorption of retinol (vitamin A).

Vitamin E in the composition of cell membranes activates the process of oxygen penetration into the cells. This provides an improvement in tissue trophism at the cellular level, since without oxygen, the production of energy by cells is impossible, as well as the removal of metabolic products from them. For the same reason, tocopherol is able to rejuvenate and slow down the aging of the body - it is called the vitamin of youth and beauty.

In the medical world, tocopherol is actively used to treat sexual disorders. Participating in hormonal synthesis, it is able to:

normalize progesterone levels;
stimulate the full formation of the placenta;
normalize the menstrual cycle;
relieve the symptoms of PMS and menopausal syndrome;
improve spermatogenesis;
bring sperm counts back to normal;
stabilize female and male libido;
overcome infertility.

Tocopherol also has the following beneficial properties.

Angioprotective. It improves the condition of the vascular epithelium, normalizing the permeability of the vascular walls, and also prevents atherosclerosis of the vessels. Has vasodilating properties.
Hematoprotective. By improving the rheological properties of blood, tocopherol normalizes central and peripheral blood supply, as well as blood circulation in the joints. The ability of the substance to prevent thrombosis was noted.
Regenerating. Tocopherol accelerates the healing of wounds, burns, frostbite and other damage to the skin. Normalizes the condition of the skin in autoimmune and allergic diseases. Promotes healing of injuries without severe scarring.
Immunostimulating. The nutrient stimulates T-cell and humoral immunity, increases the phagocytic activity of protective cells.
Antianemic. The substance prevents hemolysis, increases the resistance of red blood cells, preventing anemia.
Myoprotective. Improves tone, endurance and ability to regenerate muscles.

Indications

Mainly capsules are prescribed for tocopherol hypovitaminosis or beriberi. Also, tocopherol preparations are used as part of complex therapy for:

the threat of miscarriage;
prevention of gestation pathologies;
menstrual irregularities;
manifestations of menopause;
pregnancy planning;
decrease in libido of hormonal genesis;
violations of the quantitative and qualitative composition of sperm;
infertility;
insufficiency of sex hormones.

reproductive system

Capsules are recommended for women in the complex treatment of endometriosis, chronic delays in menstruation, uterine fibroids. But the drug can only be taken as directed and under the strict supervision of a doctor. The same applies to the use of vitamin E during pregnancy and lactation.

For men, the nutrient is prescribed for the treatment of impotence, as well as along with other drugs for prostatitis.

Muscles, joints, skin

Capsules help to cope with muscle atrophy in rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus, as well as secondary muscle weakness in arthrosis and arthritis. They complement the therapy of articular diseases, accompanied by dystrophic and degenerative processes in the connective and cartilaginous tissue. Dermatologists prescribe capsules for the treatment of eczema, psoriasis, atopic and allergic dermatitis.

Vitamin E helps to eliminate stretch marks, wrinkles and acne. Internal and external use is appropriate for hair loss, as well as to improve their structure and appearance.

gastrointestinal tract, immune system, lungs

In addition, the tool is used in therapy:

disorders of the hearing aid;
eye diseases;
some forms of periodontal disease;
diseases of the gastrointestinal tract;
malabsorption in the intestine;
pathologies of the heart and blood vessels;
sarcoidosis of the lungs;
vegetative-vascular disorders;
oncological diseases (in some cases).

The combination of vitamin E with retinol is used to treat immunodeficiency states, as well as obstructive pulmonary diseases. The drug helps to slow down the growth and spread of atypical cells, reduces the negative manifestations of the effects of chemotherapy and radio wave therapy.

Vitamin E is an antagonist of vitamins A, K, D. Therefore, it can be used to reduce the concentration of these nutrients in body tissues.

Admission rules

Fat-soluble vitamin E in medicinal preparations is placed in an oil medium. As a rule, sunflower oil acts as a solvent. For ease of administration, the substance is enclosed in easily soluble gelatin capsules. This approach allows not to combine the intake of capsules with the use of vegetable oil, in contrast to non-encapsulated forms of tocopherol.

The specialist is engaged in the selection of the dose. It depends on the type and course of the disease, the patient's health status, the presence or absence of contraindications to taking the drug. It is believed that 100 mg is an average dose that does not carry the risk of overdose.

400 mg per day. This dose is used in the treatment of menstrual disorders and spermatogenesis, insufficiency of the endocrine glands, anemia and hepatitis.
200 mg per day. For therapy and prevention of fetal malformations, in the complex treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, periodontal damage, skin diseases.
100 mg per day. Prophylactic dose approved for admission from 12 years of age. It is also used for threatened miscarriage, muscle diseases, neurasthenic disorders, eye diseases.

Vitamin E is taken after meals. The capsule is swallowed without chewing. The drug is washed down with a sufficient amount of water.

Manifestations of an overdose

Negative reactions of the body, indicating an overdose of vitamin E, appear only with prolonged use of large doses of the drug (about 1000 mg per day). The following symptoms are possible:

headache;
dizziness;
dyspeptic disorders;
violations of the visual apparatus;
impaired coordination of movements;
increased fatigue.

If symptoms are ignored, overdose leads to:

vitamin K deficiency and bleeding;
metabolic disorders in thyroid cells;
the occurrence of blood clots;
lipid metabolism disorders;
a sharp excess of the normal level of sex hormones.

If an overdose is detected, doctors cancel the drug and prescribe medications to eliminate hypervitaminosis E.

Cautions

Long-term use of vitamin E in doses exceeding 400 mg may be accompanied by side effects:

dizziness;
nausea;
digestive disorders;
bleeding from the stomach;
stool disorder;
weakness;
increased fatigue.

With individual sensitivity, allergic reactions are possible, manifested by urticaria. Then they try to find an analogue of the drug, since sometimes it is not tocopherol that causes allergies, but excipients in the composition of medicines.

In case of manifestation of undesirable effects, a doctor's consultation is required to reduce the dose of the drug, replace it or completely cancel it.