Sometimes it seems that a loved one has gone crazy.

Or starts to go. How to determine that "the roof has gone" and it didn't seem to you?

In this article, you will learn about the 10 main symptoms of mental disorders.

There is a joke among the people: "There are no mentally healthy people, there are underexamined." This means that individual signs of mental disorders can be found in the behavior of any person, and the main thing is not to fall into a manic search for the corresponding symptoms in others.

And it's not even that a person can become a danger to society or himself. Some mental disorders occur as a result of organic damage to the brain, which requires immediate treatment. Delay can cost a person not only mental health, but also life.

Some symptoms, on the contrary, are sometimes regarded by others as manifestations of bad character, promiscuity or laziness, while in fact they are manifestations of the disease.

In particular, depression is not considered by many to be a disease requiring serious treatment. "Pull yourself together! Stop whining! You're weak, you should be ashamed! Stop delving into yourself and everything will pass!” - this is how relatives and friends exhort the patient. And he needs the help of a specialist and long-term treatment, otherwise he will not get out.

The onset of senile dementia or early symptoms of Alzheimer's disease can also be mistaken for age-related decline in intelligence or a bad temper, but in fact it's time to start looking for a nurse to look after the sick.

How to determine whether it is worth worrying about a relative, colleague, friend?

Signs of a mental disorder

This condition can accompany any mental disorder and many of the somatic diseases. Asthenia is expressed in weakness, low efficiency, mood swings, hypersensitivity. A person easily begins to cry, instantly irritated and loses self-control. Often, asthenia is accompanied by sleep disturbances.

obsessive states

A wide range of obsessions includes many manifestations: from constant doubts, fears that a person is not able to cope with, to an irresistible desire for cleanliness or certain actions.

Under the power of an obsessive state, a person can return home several times to check whether he turned off the iron, gas, water, whether he closed the door with a key. An obsessive fear of an accident may force the patient to perform some rituals that, according to the sufferer, can avert trouble. If you notice that your friend or relative washes his hands for hours, has become overly squeamish and is always afraid of getting infected with something - this is also an obsession. The desire not to step on cracks in the pavement, tile joints, avoidance of certain types of transport or people in clothes of a certain color or type is also an obsessive state.

Mood changes

Longing, depression, the desire for self-accusation, talk about one's own worthlessness or sinfulness, about death can also be symptoms of the disease. Pay attention to other manifestations of inadequacy:

• Unnatural frivolity, carelessness.
• Folly, not characteristic of age and character.
• Euphoric state, optimism, which has no basis.
• Fussiness, talkativeness, inability to concentrate, confused thinking.
• Heightened self-esteem.
• Projection.
• Strengthening of sexuality, extinction of natural modesty, inability to restrain sexual desires.

You have cause for concern if your loved one begins to complain about the appearance of unusual sensations in the body. They can be extremely unpleasant or just annoying. These are sensations of squeezing, burning, stirring “something inside”, “rustling in the head”. Sometimes such sensations can be the result of very real somatic diseases, but often senestopathies indicate the presence of a hypochondriacal syndrome.

Hypochondria

It is expressed in a manic concern about the state of one's own health. Examinations and test results may indicate the absence of diseases, but the patient does not believe and requires more and more examinations and serious treatment. A person speaks almost exclusively about his well-being, does not get out of clinics and demands to be treated like a patient. Hypochondria often goes hand in hand with depression.

Illusions

Do not confuse illusions and hallucinations. Illusions make a person perceive real objects and phenomena in a distorted form, while with hallucinations a person feels something that does not really exist.

Examples of illusions:

• the pattern on the wallpaper seems to be a plexus of snakes or worms;
• the dimensions of objects are perceived in a distorted form;
• the sound of raindrops on the windowsill seems to be the cautious steps of someone terrible;
• the shadows of the trees turn into terrible creatures crawling up with frightening intentions, etc.

If outsiders may not be aware of the presence of illusions, then the susceptibility to hallucinations may manifest itself more noticeably.

Hallucinations can affect all the senses, that is, be visual and auditory, tactile and gustatory, olfactory and general, and also be combined in any combination. To the patient, everything he sees, hears and feels seems completely real. He may not believe that others do not feel, hear, or see all this. He can perceive their bewilderment as a conspiracy, deceit, mockery, and get annoyed at the fact that they do not understand him.

With auditory hallucinations, a person hears all sorts of noise, snippets of words, or coherent phrases. "Voices" can give commands or comment on every action of the patient, laugh at him or discuss his thoughts.

Taste and olfactory hallucinations often cause a sensation of an unpleasant quality: a disgusting taste or smell.

With tactile hallucinations, it seems to the patient that someone is biting, touching, strangling him, that insects are crawling over him, that certain creatures are being introduced into his body and moving there or eating the body from the inside.

Outwardly, susceptibility to hallucinations is expressed in conversations with an invisible interlocutor, sudden laughter or constant intense listening to something. The patient may shake something off himself all the time, scream, examine himself with a preoccupied look, or ask others if they see something on his body or in the surrounding space.

Rave

Delusional states often accompany psychoses. Delusions are based on erroneous judgments, and the patient stubbornly maintains his false conviction, even if there are obvious contradictions with reality. Crazy ideas acquire supervalue, significance that determines all behavior.

Delusional disorders can be expressed in an erotic form, or in a belief in one's great mission, in descent from a noble family or aliens. It may seem to the patient that someone is trying to kill or poison him, rob him or kidnap him. Sometimes the development of a delusional state is preceded by a feeling of unreality of the surrounding world or one's own personality.

Gathering or excessive generosity

Yes, any collector can be suspect. Especially in those cases when collecting becomes an obsession, subjugates the whole life of a person. This may be expressed in the desire to drag things found in garbage dumps into the house, accumulate food without paying attention to expiration dates, or pick up stray animals in numbers that exceed the ability to provide them with normal care and proper maintenance.

The desire to give away all your property, immoderate squandering can also be regarded as a suspicious symptom. Especially in the case when a person was not previously distinguished by generosity or altruism.

There are people who are unsociable and unsociable due to their nature. This is normal and should not raise suspicions of schizophrenia and other mental disorders. But if a born merry fellow, the soul of the company, a family man and a good friend suddenly begins to destroy social ties, becomes unsociable, shows coldness towards those who were dear to him until recently, this is a reason to worry about his mental health.

A person becomes sloppy, ceases to take care of himself, in society he can begin to behave shockingly - to commit acts that are considered indecent and unacceptable.

What to do?

It is very difficult to make the right decision in the case when there are suspicions of a mental disorder in someone close. Perhaps a person is just having a difficult period in his life, and his behavior has changed for this reason. Things will get better - and everything will return to normal.

But it may turn out that the symptoms you noticed are a manifestation of a serious disease that needs to be treated. In particular, oncological diseases of the brain in most cases lead to one or another mental disorder. Delay in starting treatment can be fatal in this case.

Other diseases need to be treated in time, but the patient himself may not notice the changes taking place with him, and only relatives will be able to influence the state of affairs.

However, there is another option: the tendency to see in everyone around you potential patients of a psychiatric clinic can also turn out to be a mental disorder. Before calling psychiatric emergency for a neighbor or relative, try to analyze your own condition. Suddenly you have to start with yourself? Remember the joke about the under-examined?

"In every joke there is a share of a joke" ©

Mental disorders are human conditions that are characterized by a change in the psyche and behavior from normal to destructive. The term is ambiguous and has different interpretations in the fields of jurisprudence, psychology and psychiatry.

A little about concepts

According to the International Classification of Diseases, mental disorders are not exactly identical with such concepts as mental illness or mental illness. This concept gives a general description of various types of disorders of the human psyche. From a psychiatric point of view, it is not always possible to identify the biological, medical and social symptoms of a personality disorder. Only in some cases, the basis of a mental disorder can be a physical disorder of the body. Based on this, the ICD-10 uses the term "mental disorder" instead of "mental illness".

Etiological factors

Any disturbances in the mental state of a person are due to changes in the structure or functions of the brain. Factors affecting this can be divided into two groups:

1. Exogenous, which include all external factors influencing the state of the human body: industrial poisons, narcotic and toxic substances, alcohol, radioactive waves, microbes, viruses, psychological trauma, traumatic brain injury, vascular diseases of the brain;
2. Endogenous - immanent causes of the manifestation of psychological exacerbation. They include chromosome disorders, gene diseases, hereditary diseases that can be inherited due to an injured gene.

But, unfortunately, at this stage in the development of science, the causes of many mental disorders remain unknown. Today, every fourth person in the world is prone to a mental disorder or a change in behavior.

The leading factors in the development of mental disorders include biological, psychological, and environmental factors. The mental syndrome can be transmitted genetically in both men and women, which leads to the frequent similarity of characters and individual specific habits of some family members. Psychological factors combine the influence of heredity and environment, which can lead to a personality disorder. Teaching children the wrong family values ​​increases their chances of developing a mental disorder in the future.

Mental disorders most often occur in people with diabetes mellitus, vascular diseases of the brain, infectious
diseases, in a state of stroke. Alcoholism can deprive a person of sanity, completely disrupt all psychophysical processes in the body. Symptoms of mental disorders are also manifested with the constant use of psychoactive substances that affect the functioning of the central nervous system. Autumn exacerbation or troubles in the personal sphere can unsettle any person, put him into a state of mild depression. Therefore, especially in the autumn-winter period, it is useful to drink a course of vitamins and medicines that have a calming effect on the nervous system.

Classification

For the convenience of diagnosis and processing of statistical data, the World Health Organization has developed a classification in which types of mental disorders are grouped according to the etiological factor and clinical picture.

Groups of mental disorders:

myths

Recently, it has become fashionable to attribute any mood swings or deliberately frilly behavior to a new kind of mental disorder. Selfies can also be included here.

Selfie - the tendency to constantly take pictures of oneself on a cell phone camera and post them on social networks. A year ago, the news flashed across the news that Chicago psychiatrists had identified the symptoms of this new addiction. In the episodic phase, a person takes pictures of himself more than 3 times a day and does not post pictures for everyone to see. The second stage is characterized by taking photos of yourself over 3 times a day and posting them on social media. In the chronic stage, a person takes their own pictures throughout the day and uploads them more than six times a day.

These data have not been confirmed by any scientific research, so we can say that this kind of news is designed to draw attention to one or another modern phenomenon.

Symptoms of a mental disorder

The symptoms of mental disorders are quite large and diverse. Here we will look at their main features:

Possible deterioration of the thought process: its acceleration, incoherence, lethargy, perseveration, thoroughness.

The patient may develop delusions (complete distortion of ideas and non-acceptance of other points of view on a given issue) or simply obsessive phenomena - an uncontrolled manifestation in patients of difficult memories, obsessive thoughts, doubts, fears.

Disorders of consciousness include: confusion, depersonalization, derealization. Mental disorders can also have memory impairments in their clinical picture: paramnesia, dysmnesia, amnesia. This also includes sleep disorders, disturbing dreams.

The patient may experience obsessions:

• Distracted: obsessive counting, memory recall of names, dates, decomposition of words into components, "futile sophistication";
• Figurative: fears, doubts, obsessive desires;
• Mastering: a person gives out wishful thinking. Often occurs after the loss of a loved one;
• Obsessive actions: more like rituals (wash hands a certain number of times, pull the locked front door). The patient is sure that this helps to prevent something terrible.

Mental disorders- not as rare as people who are far from psychology, psychotherapy and psychiatry sometimes believe. Representatives of the World Health Organization claim that every fourth or fifth person in the world has a mental or behavioral disorder.

But at the same time, it cannot be said that 20–25% of the inhabitants of the Earth are “mentally ill”. The concept of "mental disorder" is broader than "mental illness".

Mental disorder is the opposite of mental health, a condition in which a person cannot adapt to changing living conditions and solve actual problems. Mental disorders are manifested by a violation of memory, intelligence, emotional sphere or behavior. The perception of oneself and the world around is changing.

Reasons for the development of mental disorders

The causes of mental problems are divided into:

• endogenous;
• exogenous.

In one case (with organic brain damage due to problems with blood vessels, intoxication or traumatic brain injury), the cause is clear. In another case (with bipolar disorder or schizophrenia), despite numerous studies, an unambiguous cause cannot be established, scientists and doctors talk about a combination of factors (multifactorial disease).

Endogenous factors include:

1. genetic predisposition.
2. Intrauterine developmental disorders, developmental disorders at an early age.
3. Immunological disorders and metabolic disorders.
4. Somatic diseases that affect the state of the brain due to insufficient blood supply (dyscirculatory encephalopathy in heart disease and arterial hypertension), autointoxication (severe liver and kidney disease) or hormonal imbalance (hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism).

The causes of mental problems are often combined - a person is under stress, the body is weakened by an infection or overload, there was once an injury, a relative suffers from a disorder (burdened family history). An experienced psychotherapist should evaluate the importance of each of these factors.

Exogenous factors:

1. Intoxication (alcoholism, drug addiction, substance abuse, toxic damage by harmful substances at work or at home).
2. Traumatic brain injury.
3. Infectious processes (encephalitis, meningitis).
4. Radiation exposure.
5. Acute or chronic emotional stress.

Physicians consider mental and behavioral disorders as multifactorial diseases. Even if the main cause of a mental problem is a well-defined circumstance (for example, unfavorable heredity), a person’s condition still depends on many factors:

• personal characteristics;
• traditions of education in the parental family;
• living conditions;
• social environment;
• relationships with spouse and children;
• work environment;
• how healthy a person is, what chronic diseases he has, how often he catches a cold, whether he has suffered craniocerebral injuries.

With early diagnosis and treatment in experienced professionals- psychiatrists, psychotherapists, sometimes neurologists, mental disorders respond well to therapy. Doctors use modern medicines and non-drug methods - psychotherapy (individual, group),

Mental illnesses are invisible to the naked eye and therefore very insidious. Mental deviations greatly complicate a person's life when he is unaware of the presence of a problem. Experts who study this aspect of the boundless human essence say that many of us have signs of mental illness, but does this mean that every second inhabitant on the planet needs to be treated? How do you know that a person is really sick and needs qualified help?

What is a mental disorder?

The definition of "mental disorder" covers a wide range of deviations from the norm of the state of mind of people. Violations of internal health, about which we are talking, should not be taken as a negative manifestation of the negative side of a person's personality. Like any physical illness, a mental disorder is a violation of the mechanisms and processes of perception of reality, which creates certain difficulties. People who are faced with these problems can poorly adapt to real life conditions and do not always correctly interpret reality.

Signs and symptoms of mental disorders

The hallmarks of mental disorders include disturbances in thinking, mood, and behavior that go beyond accepted cultural beliefs and norms. Most often, the general symptomatology is characterized by an oppressed state of mind. Moreover, a person loses the ability to fully perform ordinary social functions. The whole range of signs and symptoms can be divided into a number of groups:

• cognitive- unjustified pathological beliefs, memory impairment, complications of clear thinking;
• physical- insomnia, pain in different parts of the body;
• behavioral- abuse of active mental drugs, inability to perform simple self-service actions, unjustified aggression;
• emotional- a sudden feeling of fear, sadness, anxiety;
• perceptual- states when a person notices phenomena that other people do not see (movements of objects, sounds, etc.).

Causes of mental disorders

The aspect of the etiology of these diseases is not fully understood, because modern medicine cannot accurately determine the mechanisms that cause mental abnormalities. However, some causes can be identified, the connection of which with mental disorders has been scientifically proven:

• brain diseases;
• stressful conditions in life;
• medical problems;
• genetic disposition;
• hereditary causes;
• difficult circumstances in the family.

In addition, doctors note a number of special cases, which are specific deviations, incidents or conditions against which serious mental disorders appear. The reasons that will be discussed often occur in everyday life, and therefore lead to a deterioration in a person’s mental health in the most unexpected situations.

The systematic abuse of alcohol often leads to disorders of the human psyche. The body of a person suffering from chronic alcoholism constantly contains a large amount of the breakdown products of ethyl alcohol, which cause serious changes in thinking, behavior and mood. In this regard, there are dangerous mental disorders, including:

• Delirium tremens. Frequent post-alcohol mental disorder, which appears due to deep violations of metabolic processes in all systems and organs of the human body. Delirium tremens is expressed in convulsive seizures and sleep disorders. Most often, these phenomena appear 60-80 hours after the end of alcohol consumption. A person has sudden mood changes, constantly changing fun to anxiety.
• Psychosis. Mental illness, which is explained by a violation of metabolic processes in the brain. The toxic effect of ethyl alcohol overshadows a person's consciousness, but the consequences appear only a few days after the end of alcohol consumption. A person is seized by a persecution mania or a feeling of fear. In addition, he may have various obsessions that are associated with the fact that someone wants to inflict moral or physical harm on him.
• hallucinations- pronounced representations, brought pathologically to the level of perception of real objects. It seems to a person that the objects and people around him fall, rotate or sway. The perception of the passage of time is distorted.
• . Mental illness, which is called delirium, in a person is expressed in the manifestation of unshakable conclusions and judgments that do not correspond to reality. In this condition, the patient develops photophobia and sleep is disturbed. The line between dream and reality becomes blurred, a person confuses one with the other.

brain injury

With brain injuries, a whole range of significant mental illnesses can appear. As a result of brain damage, complex processes are triggered that lead to clouding of consciousness. After these cases, the following psychological illnesses often occur:

Somatic diseases

Against the background of somatic disorders, the human psyche suffers very seriously. Violations develop, from which it is almost impossible to get rid of. Here is a list of mental illnesses that medicine considers the most common in somatic disorders:

• Dementia. A terrible disease that stands for acquired dementia. This psychological disorder is often found in people aged 55-80 who have somatic diseases. The diagnosis of "dementia" is made to patients with reduced cognitive functions. Somatic diseases lead to irreversible processes in the brain. Moreover, mental sanity does not suffer.
• Korsakov's syndrome. A disease that is a combination of impaired memory regarding ongoing events, the appearance of false memories and loss of orientation in space. A serious mental illness that cannot be treated by known medical methods. A person always forgets about the events that just happened, often asks the same questions.
• Asthenic neurosis-like disease. Deviation of the psyche, when a person has talkativeness and hyperactivity. A person often falls into a short-term depression, constantly experiencing phobic disorders. Most often, fears do not change and have clear outlines.

Epilepsy

Almost every person who suffers from epilepsy has mental disorders. Disorders that appear against the background of this disease are permanent (permanent) and single (paroxysmal). The cases of mental illness described below are the most common in medical practice:

Malignant neoplasms

The appearance of malignant tumors often leads to changes in the state of the human psyche. With an increase in neoplasms on the brain, pressure rises, because of this, significant deviations appear. In this state, a person experiences melancholy, delusional phenomena, unreasonable fears, and many other symptoms. All this indicates the presence of such psychological diseases:

Vascular disorders of the brain

Pathologies of the work of blood vessels and the circulatory system instantly affect the state of the human psyche. With the development of diseases that are associated with a decrease or increase in blood pressure, brain function deviates from the norm. Severe chronic disorders lead to the appearance of very dangerous mental disorders, including:

Types of mental disorders

Mental disorders in people can appear regardless of ethnicity, age or gender. The mechanisms of the appearance of mental illness are not fully understood, therefore medicine cannot give specific definitions. However, to date, the relationship between certain age limits and mental illness has been clearly established. Every age group has its own most common disorders.

In elderly people

In old age, against the background of diseases such as bronchial asthma, kidney or heart failure and diabetes, a lot of mental abnormalities appear. Senile psychological diseases include:

• dementia;
• paranoia;
• pick syndrome;
• marasmus;
• Alzheimer's syndrome.

Types of mental disorders in adolescents

Often mental illnesses in adolescence are associated with adverse factors in the past. The most common psychiatric disorders are:

• bulimia nervosa;
• prolonged depression;
• drancorexia;
• anorexia nervosa.

Mental illnesses are not treated on their own, therefore, if there is any suspicion of mental disorders urgent need to seek help from a psychotherapist. A conversation between the patient and the doctor can help to quickly determine the diagnosis and choose the right treatment regimen. Almost all mental illnesses are curable if addressed in a timely manner.

Content

Mental disorders are invisible to the naked eye, and therefore very insidious. They significantly complicate the life of a person when he is unaware of the presence of a problem. Experts who study this aspect of the boundless human essence argue that many of us have mental disorders, but does this mean that every second inhabitant of our planet needs to be treated? How to understand that a person is really sick and needs qualified help? You will receive answers to these and many other questions by reading the following sections of the article.

What is a mental disorder

The concept of "mental disorder" covers a wide range of deviations of a person's state of mind from the norm. The problems with internal health in question should not be taken as a negative manifestation of the negative side of the human personality. Like any physical illness, a mental disorder is a violation of the processes and mechanisms of perception of reality, which creates certain difficulties. People faced with such problems do not adapt well to real life conditions and do not always correctly interpret what is happening.

Symptoms and signs of mental disorders

The characteristic manifestations of a mental disorder include behavioral/mood/thinking disorders that go beyond generally accepted cultural norms and beliefs. As a rule, all the symptoms are dictated by an oppressed state of mind. At the same time, a person loses the ability to fully perform the usual social functions. The general spectrum of symptoms can be divided into several groups:

• physical - pain in various parts of the body, insomnia;
• cognitive - difficulties in clear thinking, memory impairment, unjustified pathological beliefs;
• perceptual - states in which the patient notices phenomena that other people do not notice (sounds, movement of objects, etc.);
• emotional - a sudden feeling of anxiety, sadness, fear;
• behavioral - unjustified aggression, inability to perform elementary self-service activities, abuse of mentally active drugs.

The main causes of diseases in women and men

The aspect of the etiology of this category of diseases is not fully understood, so modern medicine cannot clearly describe the mechanisms that cause mental disorders. Nevertheless, a number of reasons can be distinguished, the connection of which with mental disorders has been scientifically proven:

• stressful life conditions;
• difficult family circumstances;
• brain diseases;
• hereditary factors;
• genetic predisposition;
• medical problems.

In addition, experts identify a number of special cases, which are specific deviations, conditions or incidents, against which serious mental disorders develop. The factors that will be discussed are often encountered in everyday life, and therefore can lead to a deterioration in the mental health of people in the most unforeseen situations.

Alcoholism

The systematic abuse of alcohol often leads to disorders of the human psyche. The body of a person suffering from chronic alcoholism constantly contains a large amount of the breakdown products of ethyl alcohol, which cause serious changes in thinking, behavior and mood. In this regard, there are dangerous mental disorders, including:

1. Psychosis. A mental disorder due to a violation of metabolic processes in the brain. The toxic effect of ethyl alcohol overshadows the mind of the patient, but the consequences appear only a few days after the cessation of use. A person is seized by a feeling of fear or even a persecution mania. In addition, the patient may have all sorts of obsessions associated with the fact that someone wants to cause him physical or moral harm.
2. Delirium tremens. A common post-alcohol mental disorder that occurs due to deep metabolic disorders in all organs and systems of the human body. Delirium tremens manifests itself in sleep disorders and convulsive seizures. The listed phenomena, as a rule, appear in 70-90 hours after the termination of the use of alcohol. The patient shows sudden mood swings from carefree fun to terrible anxiety.
3. Rave. A mental disorder called delirium is expressed in the appearance of unshakable judgments and conclusions in a patient that do not correspond to objective reality. In a state of delirium, a person's sleep is disturbed and photophobia appears. The boundaries between sleep and reality become blurred, the patient begins to confuse one with the other.
4. Hallucinations are vivid representations, pathologically brought to the level of perception of real-life objects. The patient begins to feel that the people and objects around him are swaying, rotating or even falling. The sense of the passage of time is distorted.

brain injury

When receiving mechanical injuries of the brain, a person can develop a whole range of serious mental disorders. As a result of damage to the nerve centers, complex processes are triggered that lead to clouding of consciousness. After such cases, the following disorders / conditions / diseases often occur:

1. Twilight states. As a rule, they are celebrated in the evening hours. The victim becomes drowsy, delirium appears. In some cases, a person can sink into a state similar to a stupor. The patient's consciousness is filled with all sorts of pictures of excitement, which can cause appropriate reactions: from psychomotor disorder to brutal affect.
2. Delirium. A serious mental disorder in which a person has visual hallucinations. So, for example, a person injured in a car accident can see moving vehicles, groups of people and other objects associated with the roadway. Mental disorders plunge the patient into a state of fear or anxiety.
3. Oneiroid. A rare form of mental disorder in violation of the nerve centers of the brain. It is expressed in immobility and slight drowsiness. For some time, the patient may be chaotically excited, and then freeze again without movement.

Somatic diseases

Against the background of somatic diseases, the human psyche suffers very, very seriously. There are violations that are almost impossible to get rid of. Below is a list of mental disorders that medicine considers the most common in somatic disorders:

1. Asthenic neurosis-like condition. A mental disorder in which a person exhibits hyperactivity and talkativeness. The patient systematically experiences phobic disorders, often falls into a short-term depression. Fears, as a rule, have clear outlines and do not change.
2. Korsakovsky syndrome. A disease that is a combination of a memory disorder regarding ongoing events, a violation of orientation in space / locality and the appearance of false memories. A serious mental disorder that cannot be treated with methods known to medicine. The patient constantly forgets about the events that have just happened, often repeats the same questions.
3. Dementia. A terrible diagnosis, deciphered as acquired dementia. This mental disorder is often found in people aged 50-70 who have somatic problems. Dementia is a diagnosis for people with cognitive impairment. Somatic disorders lead to irreparable abnormalities in the brain. The mental sanity of a person does not suffer. Learn more about how treatment is carried out, what is the life expectancy with this diagnosis.

Epilepsy

Almost all people with epilepsy have mental disorders. Disorders that occur against the background of this disease can be paroxysmal (single) and permanent (permanent). The following cases of mental abnormalities are found in medical practice more often than others:

1. Mental seizures. Medicine distinguishes several varieties of this disorder. All of them are expressed in sharp changes in the mood and behavior of the patient. A mental seizure in a person suffering from epilepsy is accompanied by aggressive movements and loud screams.
2. Transient (transient) mental disorder. Prolonged deviations of the patient's condition from normal. A transient mental disorder is a prolonged mental seizure (described above), aggravated by a state of delirium. It can last from two to three hours to a whole day.
3. Epileptic mood disorders. As a rule, such mental disorders are expressed in the form of dysphoria, which is characterized by a simultaneous combination of anger, longing, causeless fear and many other sensations.

Malignant tumors

The development of malignant tumors often leads to changes in the psychological state of a person. With the growth of formations on the brain, pressure increases, which causes serious deviations. In this state, patients experience causeless fears, delusional phenomena, melancholy, and many other focal symptoms. All this may indicate the presence of the following psychological disorders:

1. hallucinations. They can be tactile, olfactory, auditory and gustatory. Such abnormalities are usually found in the presence of tumors in the temporal lobes of the brain. Often, along with them, vegetative-visceral disorders are detected.
2. affective disorders. Such mental disorders in most cases are observed with tumors localized in the right hemisphere. In this regard, attacks of horror, fear and longing develop. Emotions caused by a violation of the structure of the brain are displayed on the face of the patient: the facial expression and skin color change, the pupils narrow and expand.
3. Memory disorders. With the advent of this deviation, signs of Korsakov's syndrome appear. The patient gets confused in the events that just happened, asks the same questions, loses the logic of events, etc. In addition, in this state, a person often changes mood. Within a few seconds, the patient's emotions can switch from euphoric to dysphoric, and vice versa.

Vascular diseases of the brain

Violations of the circulatory system and blood vessels instantly affect the mental state of a person. With the appearance of diseases associated with an increase or decrease in blood pressure, brain functions deviate from the norm. Serious chronic disorders can lead to the development of extremely dangerous mental disorders, including:

1. Vascular dementias. This diagnosis means dementia. In their symptoms, vascular dementias resemble the consequences of some somatic disorders that manifest themselves in old age. Creative thought processes in this state are almost completely extinguished. The person withdraws into himself and loses the desire to maintain contact with anyone.
2. Cerebral-vascular psychoses. The genesis of mental disorders of this type is not fully understood. At the same time, medicine confidently names two varieties of cerebrovascular psychosis: acute and protracted. The acute form is expressed by episodes of confusion, twilight clouding of consciousness, delirium. For a protracted form of psychosis, a state of stupor is characteristic.

What are mental disorders

Mental disorders in people can occur regardless of gender, age and ethnicity. The mechanisms of development of mental illness are not fully understood, so medicine refrains from making specific statements. However, at the moment, the relationship between some mental illnesses and age limits is clearly established. Each age has its own common deviations.

In the elderly

In old age, against the background of diseases such as diabetes mellitus, heart / kidney failure and bronchial asthma, many mental disorders develop. Senile mental illnesses include:

• paranoia
• dementia;
• Alzheimer's disease;
• marasmus;
• Pick's disease.

Types of mental disorders in adolescents

Adolescent mental illness is often associated with adverse circumstances in the past. Over the past 10 years, young people often have the following mental disorders:

• prolonged depression;
• bulimia nervosa;
• anorexia nervosa;
• drancorexia.

Features of diseases in children

In childhood, serious mental disorders can also occur. The reason for this, as a rule, are problems in the family, incorrect methods of education and conflicts with peers. The list below lists mental disorders that are most often recorded in children:

• autism;
• Down syndrome;
• attention deficit disorder;
• mental retardation;
• developmental delays.

Which doctor to contact for treatment

Mental disorders are not treated on their own, therefore, if there is the slightest suspicion of mental disorders, an urgent appeal to a psychotherapist is required. A conversation between a patient and a specialist will help to quickly identify the diagnosis and choose an effective treatment strategy. Almost all mental illnesses are curable if treated early. Remember this and don't delay!

Video about the treatment of mental illness

The video attached below contains a lot of information about modern methods of dealing with mental disorders. The information received will be useful for everyone who is ready to take care of the mental health of their loved ones. Listen to the words of experts to break stereotypes about inadequate approaches to the fight against mental disorders and find out the real medical truth.

Types of mental disorders