Allergic rash in a 3-year-old child. What does an allergic rash look like? Skin rash in a child. How to treat allergies in a newborn

Often in the first year of life, children have a rash on the skin. Certain rashes are physiologically normal, while others make parents become regular visitors to the pediatrician's office.

A competent specialist will always distinguish allergic manifestations from infectious diseases, help to correct the baby's lifestyle and select effective therapy. We offer to talk about an allergic rash, its manifestations, causes and methods of treatment.

Allergic rash on the body of a child

In infants, the immune system is not yet fully developed, therefore, at the slightest contact with an irritant, a negative reaction of the body may occur. It should be noted that allergies can appear immediately or after the accumulation of the allergen.e

Causes of an allergic rash:

Breast milk contains an allergen. If a breastfeeding woman does not adhere to a special diet, then there is a risk of rashes in the baby.
When introducing complementary foods to infants from 6 months, the product caused an allergic reaction. In this case, the mother can quickly determine that we are an irritant and eliminate contact with him.
Use of household chemicals and cosmetics for babies. Even a product labeled "hypoallergenic" can trigger the development of a rash.
Taking medicines. Any medication can cause a negative reaction, so give your baby vitamins, antivirals, syrups and antibiotics with caution.
Other factors are frost, ultraviolet rays, insect bites, dust, tobacco smoke, animals or plant pollen.

It is worth noting that the following factors can cause an allergic rash:

During pregnancy, the woman had toxicosis.
The expectant mother did not follow the diet while carrying the baby.
Early refusal of the breast or other reasons for switching to artificial formula.
The newborn has had a severe viral infection.
Weak immunity.
Pathologies of an autoimmune nature.
Bad environment.
genetic predisposition.

What is the rash for allergies in children?

Symptoms:

Pimples on legs, forearms, groin, abdomen and cheeks.
Crimson blisters.
White blisters with a red border are a sign of severe giant urticaria.
Skin itching and burning.
Serous wells in eczema.
Red spots may be covered with a crust.
Seborrheic scales in scalp and eyebrows.
Temperature rise.
Attachment of a fungal or bacterial infection when combing.

An allergic rash in infants can be located on different parts of the body. Depending on the type of allergen, there are such types of rashes:

Small cavity with pus inside pustule).
A thickening rises above the skin - plaque.
Papule- a pimple about 5 mm in diameter, which can be felt. There is no void.
Spot An area of skin that is bright red in color. There are no seals on palpation.
Cavity with liquid, about 0.5 cm in size (vesicle), if the diameter is larger, then it is a bubble.

Additional signs:

Tearing.
Redness of the nasal passages.
Sneezing.
Transparent snot.
Cough and wheezing.
Nausea.
Frequent vomiting.
Colic.
Bloating.
Poor sleep and moodiness.
A dangerous symptom is swelling of the throat, cheeks and lips. In such a situation, immediately call an ambulance.

At the slightest manifestation of an allergy, you should immediately contact your pediatrician.

What does an allergic rash look like in children in the photo?

Experts highlight:

Dermatitis.
Diathesis of exudative type.
Hives.

Let's take a look at each type of allergic rash.

Dermatitis

During the disease, inflammation of the skin is noted. Varieties:

Contact - develops in contact with an irritant. If the child combed the rash, then infection with pathogenic bacteria is possible.
Atopic dermatitis - scarlet crusts with ichor. The treatment is quite complicated, long and requires constant monitoring by an allergist.

Babies are affected from 6 to 1 year. Symptoms:

Itching lesions with fluid.
Bad dream.
Irritability.
After a while, the inflamed areas dry out and become covered with an itchy crust.

Parents should make sure that the child does not scratch the wounds, as an infection can penetrate into them. With a serious pathology, the lesion affects the deep tissues, affects the nervous system, and the infant's condition becomes critical.

Hives

The most common type of allergic rash. Forms of the disease:

Light.
Average.
Heavy.

If you have a small child, then an antihistamine must be present in your first aid kit. Because any substance can cause an allergy.

How to smear an allergic rash in a child?

Treatment of rashes on the skin of an infant begins with a visit to a pediatrician, pediatric dermatologist and allergist.

The main stages of therapy:

Eliminate contact with the allergen.
Nutrition control.
Selection of medicines.
The use of folk methods.

Medical treatment

What medicine can be used? To eliminate an allergic rash in crumbs, a specialist may prescribe:

Antihistamines - Suprastin, Fenistil, Citrine, Erius and others. The medicine is selected depending on the irritant and the age of the child.
Ointments and creams for topical application. Most often, the rash is smeared with Bepanthen, Vundehil and Fenistil.
Sorbents for removing toxins and allergic components from the body. Polysorb, Enterosgel and Laktofiltrum have proven their effectiveness.
Sedatives.
Corticosteroids are hormonal drugs that are required for severe disease.
Diuretic medicine - in demand with severe swelling.

ethnoscience

Used as an adjunct to the main treatment:

Baths with medicinal herbs: chamomile, calendula, string or sage.
A decoction of calendula is given before meals, 1 tablespoon.
Nettle infusion.

You can use funds only with the permission of a doctor.

Preventive actions

Harden the crumb.
Don't forget to walk outdoors.
Periodically give vitamin and mineral complexes.
Minimize the use of cosmetics and household chemicals.
Children's clothing should be made from natural fabrics.
Do wet cleaning daily.

Self-medication of an allergic rash can lead to an aggravation of the disease.

Concept definition

From a medical point of view, a rash is defined as a variety of skin changes that occur as part of many skin diseases, diseases of internal organs, infectious and allergic processes.
In fact, almost any skin change can be called a rash or a rash. Currently, a huge number of the most diverse forms of rash that occur in a wide variety of diseases have been described.

The rash itself is not a disease per se and should always be considered as a manifestation of some other disease. In other words, a rash is a reaction of the skin to some kind of disease or the result of exposure to some kind of irritant or disease on the skin. Treatment for a rash naturally depends on the cause of the rash.

Causes of the disease

First of all, it is necessary to determine whether this rash is infectious (i.e., a rash that occurs with an infectious disease - measles, rubella, chicken pox) or non-infectious (with allergic diseases), children have rashes that cannot be attributed to either infectious or allergic.

Mechanisms of occurrence and development of the disease (Pathogenesis)

Before turning to the consideration of specific forms of rash and their characteristics within certain diseases, we would like to draw the attention of readers to some practical points related to determining the nature of the rash. Determining the nature of the rash is a key moment in correctly deciphering the nature of the rash and providing adequate assistance to a sick child. Far from always, patients with a rash need the help of a doctor, and, unfortunately, far from always they can quickly get qualified medical help, even if they need it. In this regard, it is extremely important to be able to recognize which disease is causing the rash, as well as how to help the patient and treat the rash? Except in cases of widespread burns or a severe allergic rash, in which large areas of skin are evenly inflamed, the rash almost always consists of so-called "elements" - individual areas of inflamed or altered skin that alternate with healthy areas of skin or cover healthy skin like a grain, scattered on the canvas.

The main types of rash elements are:

A spot is an area of skin of various sizes and shapes with a changed color, which is on the same level with the surrounding skin.
Papule - an area of skin of various sizes and shapes (usually rounded), elevated above the level of the surrounding skin
Plaques are the result of the fusion of several papules
Pustule - an area of skin of various sizes and shapes (usually rounded), elevated above the level of the surrounding skin, in the center of which suppuration can be seen
A vesicle is an area of skin covered with a thin film under which liquid can be seen.
Scales are exfoliating fragments of the top layer of the skin.
Crusts are dense brown or black formations that cover areas of the skin that previously had open wounds.
Erosion is a superficial manifestation of the skin that remains after opening the bubble
An ulcer is a more or less deep wound on the skin.
Lichenification is an area of skin roughened from inflammation and scratching.

Most often, the rash consists of the same type of elements, however, there are also cases when, within the same disease, various elements of the rash occur on the skin, which may represent different stages of development of the same element. For example, with chickenpox on the patient's skin, there may be blisters filled with liquid and crusts that cover the places where the burst blisters used to be.

Clinical picture of the disease (symptoms and syndromes)

Rash in infectious diseases. In infectious diseases, the rash is accompanied by other symptoms, such as fever or itching of the skin. In some cases, the cause of the rash is not clear and further testing is required. may be with the following infectious diseases: chicken pox; infectious erythema; measles; rubella; fever three days; meningitis; rheumatic fever; scarlet fever. If a child has skin rashes accompanied by an increase in body temperature, this is a sign of an infectious disease. Symptoms of diseases in many cases are very similar, so even a doctor can not always immediately make a diagnosis. For the final diagnosis, it is necessary to conduct blood tests and other tests (for example, discharge from the nasopharynx). This is a laborious and unpleasant process for the child, but, fortunately, not always necessary. Nevertheless, in each case, it is necessary to carefully diagnose, since it is very important for the future to know what diseases were transferred in childhood.

Chickenpox (chickenpox)- one of the most common childhood infections, against which vaccinations have not yet been carried out. The incubation (hidden) period of chickenpox lasts from 11 to 21 days. By the end of it, some children have a fever or a headache. The first sign of the disease is a rash on the skin and mucous membranes. Small round red spots quickly become like pimples, in the center of which, after a few hours, blisters form, filling with a yellowish transparent liquid. The blisters burst, dry up, and a crust forms in their place. The rash is accompanied by itching, especially in sensitive areas such as the inner surface of the eyelids, mouth and vagina, and lasts 3-5 days. The child is contagious until the last crusts dry out. Some blisters can be large and scarred if the child has scratched the blister and introduced an infection. Remember the main symptoms and the main thing to be aware of when treating chickenpox:
the main symptom is a rash in the form of small, fluid-filled bubbles;
the most unpleasant symptom is itching in sensitive places;
in case of infection of the vesicles, the use of antibiotics is necessary.

Infectious erythema- the least studied childhood infection caused by a virus. It usually develops in winter and spring. This infectious disease, the existence of which is still denied by many non-progressive district pediatricians, is also called "sudden exanthema." It affects only children under 2 years of age. Roseola has surprisingly specific symptoms - at the beginning of the disease, the child has a strong and inexplicable fever, which falls exactly on the third day. With a decrease in temperature, the baby suddenly becomes covered with a pink-red focal rash. It passes without a trace in 4-7 days. Drug treatment, especially anti-allergic, most often prescribed in this case by the district, does not make any sense. When the temperature rises, you can use paracetamol, ibuprofen. Roseola is caused by certain types of the herpes simplex virus.

Measles. Since the introduction of measles, mumps and rubella vaccines, cases of measles have become quite rare. The disease is caused by a highly contagious virus. The first signs of measles are the same as the common cold (coughing, sneezing, watery eyes, puffy face). Then the body temperature rises to 40 ° C. On the second day of illness, white spots resembling salt crystals (Velsky-Filatov-Koplik spots) can be seen on the inner surface of the cheeks. The child has discharge from the nose, the eyes turn red, photophobia develops, the facial expression becomes suffering, the signs of the disease increase. Within 2-3 days from the moment the body temperature rises, first on the face, then on the body, red spots of various shapes appear, gradually merging and spreading to the entire body. The rash usually lasts 3 days, during which time the body temperature remains very high, then the condition begins to improve. Infection with the measles virus is especially dangerous for weakened children. Remember that other children in the family can get measles if they are not vaccinated. A sick child is contagious within a week of the onset of signs of the disease. Until complete recovery, he should not be sent to a kindergarten or school. Babies under 8 months old very rarely get measles, as they have immunity transmitted from their mother. Although children rarely get measles due to vaccinations, it is a rather serious illness. The danger of measles is that it can be complicated by inflammation of the middle ear, lungs or meningitis. There are cases of deafness, brain damage and even death. The older the child, the more severe the disease. A child can go to kindergarten (school) 10 days after the rash appears. Assume measles and call a doctor if: after the signs characteristic of a common viral disease, the child's condition worsens, the body temperature rises to 40 ° C; a rash (red spots) appears, which starts from the face, then is noted near the ears, on the border of the scalp, neck, after which it spreads to the area of the trunk, arms, legs.

Rubella in children it is much easier than measles. In many cases, it is accompanied by a violation of well-being. Sometimes the body temperature rises slightly. Small-pointed, pinhead-sized rash appears first behind the ears, then on the face and the whole body. A characteristic sign is an increase and slight soreness of the cervical and parotid lymph nodes. To the touch they are pear-shaped, mobile, doughy (juicy). Sometimes there may be itching and swelling in the joints. The incubation (hidden) period lasts 2-3 weeks. Rubella is very dangerous for women in early pregnancy. Infection of the mother in the first 3 months of pregnancy causes severe congenital malformations in the child. The disease of children with rubella is not severe. Older children and adolescents may experience complications. Be sure to isolate the sick child from pregnant women, as well as from unvaccinated children. If the child does not feel well, vomiting or excessive drowsiness occurs, call a doctor. congenital rubella. Children with congenital rubella (congenital rubella syndrome) may develop progressive panencephalitis (generalized encephalitis). It is assumed that the cause is the persistence or reactivation of the virus. The so-called congenital rubella syndrome also includes deafness, cataracts, microcephaly (malformation of the brain and skull) and mental retardation.

Difference between measles and rubella. Unlike measles, rubella has little effect on the general well-being of patients. However, the clinical picture of the disease may resemble measles. An increase in lymph nodes in the occipital region, in most cases noticeable to the eye, is more pronounced with rubella. The elements of the rash that form the exanthema are, on average, smaller and paler than with measles. Separate elements of rashes exist for a very short time. From the point of view of differential diagnosis - just as with scarlet fever and measles - it may be difficult to distinguish between rubella and drug exanthema.

Scarlet fever begins suddenly with sore throat, fever. When examining the throat, enlarged tonsils are visible, in some cases with raids, the pharynx is red. Then a small punctate rash appears on the inner surface of the thighs, forearms, in places of natural skin folds (groin, armpits, knees, elbows), on the neck and upper body. The rash quickly spreads to the face, against the background of which a pale nasolabial triangle is clearly visible. The rash is caused by a toxin (poison) secreted by streptococcus, the source of infection. The tongue in the first 3-4 days is covered with a grayish-white coating, from the second day it becomes bright red with enlarged papillae - the so-called "crimson tongue". When body temperature drops, lamellar peeling of the skin appears on the fingers and toes. Sometimes it is difficult to distinguish between a sore throat in scarlet fever and a viral infection. In this case, you need to pay attention to the state of the language. The sick child must be isolated. Scarlet fever is characterized by high body temperature, sore throat and a bright red punctate rash on the flexor surfaces, lateral parts of the chest, abdomen, inner thighs, in natural skin folds. The area around the mouth remains white.

Meningitis(inflammation of the meninges) differ depending on the microorganisms that caused them. Rashes with meningitis in young children are rare, they are observed mainly on the back of the throat. They are usually caused by pathogenic microorganisms called meningococci. If bacteria with blood flow got into other organs, that is, there is meningococcal sepsis, or meningococcemia, a purplish-red rash under the skin may occur. The cause of the rash is bleeding from small blood vessels, which is a characteristic sign of meningococcemia. Urgently seek medical help if the child has such signs as: neck muscle tension, high body temperature, frequent vomiting, increasing drowsiness, photophobia. In this case, the child must be taken to the hospital as soon as possible, only timely assistance can save his life. Very important: meningococcemia lesions are flat, purplish red, star-shaped or irregular in shape, primarily on the thighs, buttocks, and back. Typical manifestations of meningitis are not always observed, and the child does not always give the impression of being sick. Therefore, in case of any doubts and suspicions, it is better to call a doctor.

Hemorrhagic diathesis often develops in severe infectious diseases. In addition to vascular damage, thrombocytopenia as well as consumption coagulopathy can be causes. Infectious-toxic forms of purpura are characterized by intrafocal petechial pinpoint bleeding (see photo). Also known is lightning-fast fulminant purpura after scarlet fever or chickenpox in children, which is accompanied by hematuria and melena, as well as the Waterhouse-Fridrichsen syndrome with meningo-pneumococcal sepsis. In children and adolescents, less often in adults, with meningococcal sepsis, about three-quarters of cases develop a combination of purpura and maculopapular exanthema. With a fulminant course - the Waterhouse-Friedrichsen syndrome - skin hemorrhages merge. In subacute bacterial endocarditis, petechial bleeding (infected microemboli) develops primarily at the fingertips, under the nails, or under the tongue as round, blueberry-black, and slightly tender, pinhead-to-lentil-sized lesions (Osler's nodules or Janeway's spots).

streptoderma- A skin infection that often affects the area around the nose and mouth. It is caused by bacteria that penetrate when the epidermis is damaged (scratches, herpes or eczema). Sometimes streptoderma occurs when the skin is damaged, if the child sucks his finger, bites his nails or picks his nose. Infection can be caused by bacteria that are commonly found on the skin and in the nose. The first signal of streptoderma is redness of the skin around the nose and lips. Then small, fluid-filled blisters appear that burst, forming a honey-yellow scab. Infected fluid can cause further spread of the infection through the lymphatic vessels, while the lymph nodes of the neck and face increase. Sometimes the body temperature rises.

Desquamative erythroderma Leiner - Myssu. This disease occurs in children of the first 3 months of life. It is characterized by bright hyperemia, infiltration and peeling of the entire skin. On the face, scaly scales of a dirty yellow color merge and form a shell. After peeling of the scales on the body, maceration, cracks, and secondary infection appear in the folds. In most children, the initial localization of the lesion is the buttocks, inguinal folds. Much less often the upper body, scalp, face, armpits. In addition to skin changes, dyspeptic disorders (nausea, vomiting, flatulence, constipation, diarrhea) are typical, leading to hypovitaminosis, malnutrition, iron deficiency anemia, and septic complications.

Kawasaki disease– The exact cause of Kawasaki disease is not known, but it is believed that the disease is caused by a post-infectious autoimmune reaction. As a rule, the disease affects young children under 5 years of age. In case of inappropriate treatment, the disease can give serious complications to the heart. The diagnosis of Kawasaki disease is based on the following five symptoms:

1. fever that lasts more than 5 days;

2. redness of the eyes (painless conjunctivitis);

3. swollen lymph nodes in the neck;

4. red throat, red tongue or cracked lips, redness or swelling of the hands and feet.

5. the appearance of a rash, in the form of red flat or raised spots or blisters.

If you think your child may have Kawasaki disease, call 911 immediately.

Acute rheumatic fever(previously this disease was called rheumatism) is a common cause of heart disease. Most often, children from 5 to 15 years old get sick. The disease always develops after an infection caused by streptococcus (often after a sore throat). The infection triggers an auto-aggression response in which the immune system attacks the body's own tissue. This leads to an increase in body temperature, soreness and swelling of the joints. In the acute course of rheumatism, a roseolous-erythematous rash is observed. The rash usually appears in the first days of the disease. Represents multiple superficial spots of various sizes, located on the lateral surfaces of the body and the inner surface of the upper and lower extremities. The rash is ephemeral, not flaky. The general state of health is poor, there is rapid fatigue, loss of appetite, an annular red rash is observed on the trunk, arms and legs. If a child has recently suffered a sore throat or inflammation of the ear, complains of pain and swelling of the joints, it is necessary to examine him to rule out rheumatism. The examination is especially carefully carried out if a ring-shaped red rash appears on the trunk and limbs. It should be remembered that early diagnosis reduces the risk of developing heart disease. The examination must be carried out in a hospital. Patients usually have specific antirheumatic antibodies in their blood. The diagnosis is confirmed by the following criteria:

main: carditis, polyarthritis, chorea, rheumatic nodules;

additional:

clinical: previous rheumatic attack or rheumatic heart disease, arthralgia, fever, fatigue, abdominal pain;

laboratory: acute phase reactions, confirmation of a previous streptococcal infection, prolongation of the P-Q interval on the ECG, etc.

Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. One of the clinical manifestations of the articular-visceral form of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis may be a maculopapular, measles-like rash. Skin manifestations coincide with the onset of the disease or precede it. The rash is characterized by polymorphism of primary elements, symmetry of localization and the absence of secondary elements. The nature of the rash: it is more often maculopapular and urticarial, less often macular and annular, but more rough than in rheumatism. Urticaria-like elements can be combined with angioedema. The rash is localized most often on the limbs, trunk, rarely on the face, sometimes only over some of the affected joints. The duration of the rash is individual: from several hours to several days, repeated relapses are possible.

A special form of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis is a disease Wissler-Fanconi. The disease begins acutely with high, sometimes up to 39 - 40 ° C, temperature, articular syndrome, skin lesions in the form of polymorphic rashes. The nature of the rash: maculopapular, sometimes urticarial. Predominant localization on the lateral surfaces of the chest, face, inner surface of the arms and legs. The rash is usually profuse and lasts for a long time, sometimes for several months, permanently or at intervals. The intensity of the rash corresponds to the severity of the process. There may be an increase in lymph nodes, liver and spleen.

The following criteria are used in the diagnosis of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis:

1. Clinical

arthritis lasting 3 months or longer;
arthritis of the second joint, which occurred 3 months or later, after the defeat of the first;
symmetrical damage to small joints;
effusion in the joint cavity;
persistent stiffness of the joint;
tendosynovitis or bursitis;
muscle atrophy;
morning stiffness;
rheumatoid eye disease;
rheumatoid nodules;
radiological
osteoporosis, small cystic restructuring of the bone structure of the epiphyses;
narrowing of the joint spaces, bone erosion, ankylosis of the joints;
violation of bone growth;
damage to the cervical spine.

2. Laboratory

the presence of a positive rheumatoid factor;
positive biopsy of the synovial membrane.

Identification of 3 of the listed signs in a patient with the mandatory presence of arthritis allows diagnosing “probable”, 4 signs “definite”, 8 signs of “classic” juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.

Herpes often appears on the lips, usually in children between the first and fourth years of life. It is accompanied by an increase in body temperature, and bubbles appear in the oral cavity. The child complains of a sore throat. After a few days, these phenomena disappear, but excessive exposure to the sun, cold, wind, and high temperature can provoke an exacerbation.

Shingles. During the course of the disease, groups of small bubbles appear on a small surface on one side of the body on a red background. First, itching occurs, and later, when bubbles form and last 2-3 weeks, a sharp soreness. When the bubbles burst and dry crusts appear, a secondary bacterial infection may join. Herpes and shingles are types of herpes infections. Considering that the virus is located in the nerve nodes and can cause serious consequences when the immune system is weakened, if these diseases appear, you should see a doctor who will prescribe the necessary treatment.

acne vulgaris occur sometimes in children from 4 months to 15 years, very often in adolescents. In most cases, they go away on their own within a few years, but in some children they appear quite strongly. To prevent acne, you must thoroughly wash your face with soap and wipe the skin in the acne area with special lotions. There are special creams for teenagers, which are selected by a dermatologist or cosmetologist. Sunburn is also useful - the sun dries out oily skin. If necessary, use antibiotics and other means. You should never squeeze inflamed acne, especially on the face and neck - this can lead to blood poisoning. With a small rash, frequent washing with warm water and soap and the use of special lotions helps. If there are a lot of acne and they become inflamed, the treatment should be prescribed by a dermatologist or cosmetologist.

Furuncle- this is an acute purulent-necrotic inflammation around the hair follicle (the place where the hair grows from) and the sebaceous gland associated with it with its surrounding fiber, which is accompanied by painful swelling. The skin around the hair follicle turns red, a purulent core forms at the top of the swelling. A few days later, the boil bursts and pus is released. Furuncles easily occur in other places on the skin, since the hair follicles are easily infected when the infection is transferred. Especially quickly they occur in places where clothing rubs against the skin. The most painful boils in the joints, ear canal, nose.

Allergic rash. The most common cause of an itchy, short-lived rash or patch is an allergy. Rash or spots can appear on any part of the body, often in places of pressure of tight clothing - belts, elastic bands. It is usually a pinkish-red, uneven rash that bulges when touched. Often accompanied by scratching of the site of irritation. Even if there is no rash, the skin is irritated, red, swollen. An allergic rash can be caused by environmental or food allergens. There are many "culprits" of allergies (allergens), but often they cannot be identified, even with maximum effort. The most common allergens are house dust, animal hair, plant pollen, food, laundry detergents, especially at low water temperatures, natural wool, some metals (for example, nickel buttons, zippers, locks, buckles). Food allergies can be caused by preservatives, dyes, chocolate, shellfish, fish, eggs, strawberries, nuts, and tomatoes. Generally speaking, any food can be an allergen, except maybe table salt. Drug allergies are also possible, 10% of people are sensitive to penicillin, the most commonly used antibiotic, and other penicillin antibiotics. An important sign that distinguishes allergies from infectious rashes is the good general condition of the child. The child may be irritable because of itching, but not drowsy, there is no loss of appetite and fever. If the rash is accompanied by swelling (especially on the face around the lips and eyes), be very careful and see a doctor right away. This may be a sign of a formidable complication - Quincke's edema or even allergic shock. The spread of edema to the area of the tongue and upper respiratory tract leads to suffocation. This condition requires urgent treatment in a hospital, sometimes even in the intensive care unit.

food allergy. The reason for the occurrence of an allergic rash in an infant, if he is breastfed, may be the mother's diet. The most common reaction is to red fish, whole milk, veal, citrus fruits, nuts, tomatoes. Therefore, nursing is advised to exclude a suspicious product from their diet. Artificial animals are also not immune from manifestations of food allergies - the proteins contained in the feeding mixture can cause a skin reaction. If the rash does not go away or, God forbid, gets worse, you need to choose another product for artificial feeding. Too early or incorrectly started complementary foods also have a dangerous allergic potential. By the way, persistent prickly heat or persistent diaper rash can also be allergic.

contact allergy. Skin rashes in infants can be caused by allergens that act not only from the inside, but also from the outside. Contact allergy or dermatitis looks like a small rash or chafing of the skin. Most often, it occurs in response to the use of laundry products enriched with fragrances - especially rinses. Therefore, when washing baby clothes, especially in the first months of a child's life, it is better to give preference to specialized hypoallergenic products. In addition, the materials that children's clothing is made from (especially wool and synthetic fibers) can also trigger rashes.

Atopic or infantile eczema is the most common type of eczema in children. It usually appears in the first two years of a child's life, often appearing for the first time at two or three months, when the child begins to be weaned and accustomed to the nipple. It happens that atopic eczema appears later, at the age of four or five months, when the child is finally weaned. The spread of the rash is always characteristic - on the face, head, neck, in the folds of the skin and in places of contact with diapers. Very painful rash in the folds of the limbs. Sometimes it is called so - fold eczema. The rash is most severe on the wrists and elbows, under the knees, and around the ankles. It often rashes on the fingers and toes. The skin with eczema becomes very dry, flaky, reddened, cracked and thickened. In places of scratching, it can bleed, and if an infection enters, the occurrence of suppuration is not ruled out. The genetic component of atopic eczema makes the child much more vulnerable to many triggers, but why this happens remains a mystery. However, it is clear that if certain triggers are avoided, the severity and duration of the disease can be reduced.

Hives- This is a disease in which itching occurs in certain areas of the skin, and after blisters. The blisters are first located on any specific areas of the skin and are located separately from each other, and then merge, and a whole area of inflammation is obtained. If this area is too large, then the body temperature rises, chills occur, and malfunctions in the gastrointestinal tract are possible. Symptoms of hives are blisters and a red rash that itches and itchs. It can appear around the lips, on the cheeks, and on other areas of the body. In general, these rashes and blisters are not so dangerous - they are mostly small in size and disappear quickly. But the whole trouble is that they do not appear in a single copy, after one disappears, others appear in their place. For this reason, urticaria lingers on the skin for a long time, it can bother for several hours or several days. Urticaria is an allergic reaction that can occur, for example, due to an insect bite. The blisters disappear after three hours. Also, urticaria is formed if the skin has been affected by any chemical substance. Urticaria can be the result of certain diseases, for example, a malfunction of the thyroid gland or a malfunction of the kidneys and liver. But mostly urticaria happens due to the influence of any products on the body. If a person ate a lot of citrus fruits, fish, chocolate. There is type of urticaria, which is formed when a person was first in the cold and abruptly entered the heat. There is also hives from sunlight. Sometimes the disease occurs due to the fact that a person has suffered stress depression. Urticaria can develop into Quincke's edema, when severe swelling appears on the skin, which are located in large areas. Also, urticaria is acute and chronic. In chronic disease, itching can last more than six months. This leads to sleep disturbances, a decrease in the overall performance of the body. And with acute urticaria, itching disappears within a few hours. To cure hives, it is necessary to identify the cause, due to which the disease arose.

Steven Johnson Syndrome. Refers to the variants of the course of erythema multiforme exudative. The mechanism of development is associated with allergic reactions of an immediate type, proceeding according to the type of the Arthus phenomenon, to taking medications: sulfa drugs, pyrazolone derivatives, antibiotics, etc. The onset is acute, stormy with fever lasting from several days to 2-3 weeks, sore throats are noted , hyperemia of the mucous membranes, runny nose, conjunctivitis, hypersalivation, joint pain. From the first hours, there is a progressive lesion of the skin and mucous membranes: painless dark red spots on the neck, face, chest, limbs (even the palms and soles are affected); along with this, papules, vesicles, blisters appear. The rash tends to coalesce, although large serosanguineous blisters rarely form (this is typical of Lyell's syndrome).

Lyell's syndrome(toxic epidermal necrolysis). An allergic reaction to an infectious, predominantly staphylococcal, process and to medication (antibiotics, sulfonamides, analgesics) or to blood transfusion and its components. In the pathogenesis of the disease, the "explosive" release of isosomal enzymes in the skin (not always of immune origin) is of primary importance. The disease begins acutely with chills, fever, sore throat, lower back, joints, burning and soreness of the skin. Large erythematous spots of various sizes appear, often merging and spreading throughout the body in a few hours. On some areas of the skin, vesicles, papules, blisters and then large, flat, flabby blisters appear at the site of the spots, on others - hemorrhages. As a result of severe epidermolysis, the child looks like a second-degree burn. In areas subjected to friction with clothing, the surface layers of the skin peel off, regardless of the presence or absence of blisters. Nikolsky's symptom is positive. With this syndrome, mucous membranes can also be affected. In contrast to the Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxicosis is pronounced, the mucous membranes of the mouth and eyes are affected, myocarditis, nephritis, and hepatitis often develop.

Hill's erythroderma. One of the most severe variants of the course of neurodermatitis. The skin of the whole body becomes red, reminiscent of a goose, lichenized in many places, flaky with bran-like scales, but there is no tendency to vesiculation and weeping. Excruciating itching is characteristic, a sharp eosinophilia is detected in the blood.

Nodular erythema. The causes of its development are diverse and can be both infectious and non-infectious. There is an association of erythema nodosum with HLA-Bg, and cases of familial erythema nodosum have also been described. The onset of the disease is usually acute, but relapses are often observed at intervals of several months or even years. Chronic forms of the disease, in which nodules persist for several years, are rare. The general condition of children with erythema nodosum can be very different. Some patients, despite common skin manifestations, feel quite well. Others have general malaise, fever, chills, anorexia, weight loss. Body temperature often rises slightly, but can reach 40.5 ° C. Sometimes the fever lasts more than 2 weeks. Skin rashes usually appear suddenly, in the form of erythematous, painful, slightly raised spots on the anterior surfaces of both legs, itching is absent. Sometimes the rashes are single, located on one side or capture the extensor surface of the forearms. Skin elements can be located in all places where there is subcutaneous fatty tissue, including calves, thighs, buttocks, as well as in inconspicuous areas, such as the episclera of the eyeball. The diameter of each nodule ranges from 0.5 to 5 cm. The skin over the nodule is reddish, smooth and shiny. Individual nodules coalesce to form areas of induration that can cause significant swelling of the affected limb. Within 1–3 weeks, the nodules usually resolve spontaneously without ulceration, scarring, or permanent pigmentation. During this time, the color of the nodules changes from bright red, becoming blue, green, yellow, to dark red or purple (the change in skin color in the projection of the nodes is similar to that during the evolution of a bruise). For erythema nodosum, a certain dynamics of the process is characteristic: the distribution of nodules goes from the central element to the periphery, and their disappearance begins from the central part with a rapid change in the color of the skin elements. However, these clinical features are not consistent, as there are other variants of the clinical course of erythema nodosum. Every third patient has signs of arthritis. Usually, large joints of the limbs (knee, elbow, wrist and tarsal joints) are symmetrically affected, less often small joints of the hands and feet. Most children have arthralgia, which often accompanies the febrile period of the disease, but sometimes may precede it for several weeks. Arthropathy may last for several months, but there is no deformity of the joints. A characteristic sign of erythema nodosum is adenopathy of the roots of the lungs on one or both sides. It is usually asymptomatic, found incidentally on chest x-ray, and may persist for months.

Rashes that are not related to infectious and allergic. There are rashes that do not fit into the group of infectious or allergic. These are rashes in diseases such as: diaper erythema; prickly heat; acne of newborns, purpura. In these diseases, rashes occupy a significant part of the body and in each case require appropriate treatment.

Domestic pediatricians consider diaper erythema manifestation of exudative-catarrhal diathesis. This is not an allergic disease in the full sense of the word, it is more correct to talk about the tendency of the child's skin to allergic reactions. It appears quite often and is easy to recognize. Erythema occurs regardless of which diapers are used: cloth or disposable. The rashes are located in those places that are covered with diapers, their appearance varies: from a small number of spots around the genitals in mild cases to widespread bright redness under the entire surface of the diaper with vesicles and ulcers in severe cases. The reason is that a baby's skin is very sensitive to moisture and chemicals found in urine and feces. Between the excreted feces and urine, a reaction occurs, ammonia is formed, which irritates the skin of the child. The skin of formula-fed children is especially sensitive to such irritation, since in these cases the feces often have an alkaline reaction and promote the growth of bacteria. Places of rashes with diaper erythema are usually as follows:

Genital organs are the most common localization. Bright red spots are seen around the urethra in boys and on the labia in girls. The skin in these places is bright in color and shiny. A strong ammonia-like odor may be felt. Children often cry during urination and in warm baths.

Skin folds. If the rash is limited to skin folds in the upper thighs and groin areas, excess moisture may be the cause of the problem. Provide proper care, remove excess moisture in a timely manner, and the rash will go away on its own.

Buttocks and anus. Rashes in these places are a sign of thrush. If thrush has appeared in places covered with diapers, look into the baby's mouth and make sure that there are white spots of fungi on the inside of the cheeks or tongue. Do not confuse them with milk droplets, which are easily removed after feeding. Especially often thrush appears after treating a child with antibiotics.

the entire surface of the body. Such a rash is often associated with a general allergic reaction or skin inflammation - dermatitis. It can be an early manifestation of atopic dermatitis, especially in children with a burdened heredity for this disease. It often occurs when using washing powders with bioadditives or rinsing liquids for fabrics. In this situation, two causes of rashes: the very sensitive skin of the child and exposure to chemical ammonia-like substances.

Prickly heat very often develops when young children overheat, if they are swaddled and wrapped up too tightly, and the room is hot. This is the usual small itchy rash and blisters that, bursting, form a pale red rash in places where sweat glands accumulate: on the face, neck, shoulders, chest, in the elbows, inguinal folds, under the knees.

Newborn acne- These are the smallest white rashes located under the skin in the nose and cheeks of newborns. They do not itch and do not interfere with the baby. Newborn acne is a sign of blockage of the sebaceous glands with a thick discharge. This is a common occurrence in newborns and does not require additional treatment. This type of rash is also known as neonatal acne or (if it's quite scientifically) neonatal cephalic pustulosis. It affects about 20-30% of children in the first weeks and months of life. Neonatal acne is not a contagious disease, it is not dangerous and does not require medication or other specific treatment. These pimples, which are concentrated on the face, neck and scalp, do not have a comedone - a clogged pore. They rarely fester and form pronounced foci of inflammation, and most often look like changes in skin relief (in some cases they can only be detected by touch) or reddish pustules. Doctors attribute the occurrence of neonatal cephalic pustulosis to the improvement of the hormonal background of a newborn child, as well as excessive colonization of the skin by certain types of yeast fungi, which are normally part of the microflora. Newborn acne does not need to be “dry” or poisoned with folk remedies such as calendula tincture - firstly, it damages delicate infant skin, and secondly, it can cause an allergic reaction that will aggravate the lesion. Normal regular hygiene is usually sufficient. In most cases, the disease resolves on its own and without a trace within 1 to 3 months. If healing is slower than usual, the doctor will prescribe ointments that speed it up.

But be careful - the appearance of pimples in a child of 3-16 months, more common in boys, can mean a symptom of a more complex and unpleasant disease, acne babies. These pimples look almost "like adults" - they distinguish between a greasy or black head of an eel, a focus of inflammation that can lead to a scar. Acne in babies, which occurs due to increased production of androgens, requires careful professional treatment.

Purpura. Unlike other rashes, a purplish-red-brown rash is a small hemorrhage in the skin and mucous membranes. Their size can be from the size of a pinhead to 2-3 cm. Purpura almost always indicates a serious illness. Excessive bleeding is associated with a violation of the structure of platelets, insufficiency of blood clotting factors, or pathology of the walls of blood vessels under the skin (capillaries). A violation of the structure or a decrease in the number of platelets can occur as a result of the use of drugs, with allergies, a viral infection, or the formation of antibodies in the blood against one's own tissues and cells. Such hemorrhages also occur with meningococcal sepsis. Another cause of thrombocytopenia may be damage to the bone marrow.

Rash from insect bites.

Insect bites. Most often, children are bitten by blood-sucking insects: mosquitoes, bedbugs, fleas, horseflies, ticks, as well as wasps, bees, bumblebees, sometimes ants, some beetles. Some children do not react at all to an insect bite, while others have a violent reaction. Bite marks usually disappear after 2-3 days. However, some children may develop an allergic reaction to insect secretions. In these cases, large, intensely itchy redness forms on the skin, which can become infected when scratched. In our climatic zone, children suffer most from mosquito bites, midges, and often also from fleas. To avoid insect bites in the summer, wear socks, long-sleeved blouses, and thin pants, especially in the evening. Mosquito repellents can be used. Treat pets for fleas. Homes can use mosquito sprays and cover windows with screens.

Scabies. This disease is quite common. Infection occurs from a patient with scabies. The scabies mite penetrates the skin and lays eggs there. As a result, itchy rashes appear, similar to eczema. Usually they are small, gray-pearl, often localized between the fingers, on the front surface of the wrist, under the armpits, on the skin of the abdomen, around the genitals. Itching is especially severe at night when the skin is warm. Intense itching during scratching contributes to infection. Infection with scabies occurs through direct close physical contact or through the patient's bed.

lice. If itching appears in the scalp area, lice may be the cause. Recently, the defeat of lice (pediculosis) has become more common.

Skin formations.

Warts. These are small hard formations that appear on the surface of the skin single or in groups. They are caused by a virus that infects the cells of the upper layers of the skin, leading to their overgrowth. Usually warts are found on the fingers, soles of the feet, knees, on the face. They are most common in children and young people. Sometimes in children, warts disappear within 3 years, which is how long it takes the immune system to cope with them. Warts on the soles can be painful. The virus is transmitted by direct contact, but not as easily as other viral infections. Therefore, in the presence of warts, the child should not be forbidden to swim in the pool or take any additional safety measures other than personal hygiene.

Diagnosis of the disease

Determination of the appearance of the rash.

In the event of a rash, carefully examine it and try to determine the following parameters: Attention! Due to the fact that some types of rashes can be a sign of contagious diseases, do not touch the rash without special gloves. After examining a patient with a rash, wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water.

So, with an external examination of the rash, you should determine:

1. The ratio of the element of the rash to the surrounding skin: on the same level with the skin, raised or concave.

2. Color (coloration) of rash spots. In the case when the skin has spots of a rash of various colors - determine the color options.

3. Dimensions, clarity and shape of the boundaries of the rash element

4. Lightly press on the rash element and quickly remove your finger - try to notice whether the rash fades when pressed or whether its color remains unchanged when pressed.

Re-examine the rash after 1-2 hours, and continue to monitor it for the following days. At each new examination, try to notice how the previous elements of the rash have changed. At the doctor's appointment, it is very important to tell about all the changes in the rash that you notice.

In addition to external signs of a rash, you should evaluate:

1. The general condition of the patient and the presence of other symptoms of the disease: fever, headache, diarrhea, vomiting, drowsiness, apathy

2. Determine whether in the recent past the sick person had contacts with patients with infectious diseases, toxic substances, and drugs.

It is urgent to call a doctor in case of a rash: In all cases of a rash in which there is a high temperature (above 39 C), progressive deterioration of the patient's condition, severe shortness of breath (breathing difficulties), swelling of the face or tongue, severe headache, vomiting, drowsiness or loss of consciousness, or in cases when the element of the rash has a dark burgundy, brown or black color, is located, as it were, a little deeper in the skin and does not turn pale when pressed, the patient should be taken to the hospital as soon as possible!

It is customary to distinguish six "primary" common "spotted" rashes:

the first disease is measles,
the second disease is scarlet fever,
the third disease is rubella,
the fourth disease is infectious mononucleosis,
fifth disease - infectious erythema,
the sixth disease is infantile roseola (sudden exanthema).

In some cases, for the retrospective diagnosis of infectious diseases in children, it is necessary to take into account the secondary elements of the rash. So, with measles, after the primary elements of the rash fade, pigmentation is observed, and then pityriasis peeling, with scarlet fever, lamellar peeling of the skin of the palms and feet appears on the 2nd week of the disease, when the rash has already disappeared. The nature of the spots can also be of great diagnostic value. So, small foci of necrosis on the mucous membrane in the cheek area in the form of spots - Velsky-Filatov-Koplik spots - are characteristic of measles. Small hemorrhages on the transitional fold of the conjunctiva (a symptom of Chiari-Avtsyn) and at the base of a small uvula (Rosenberg's enanthema) are observed in typhus. Scarlet fever is characterized by delimited hyperemia in the pharynx, reaching to the hard palate. Aphthae - superficial sores formed from vesicles and localized on the oral mucosa - are more common in young children and are characteristic of a herpes infection (aphthous stomatitis).

Treatment of the disease

Urgent care

Please, if a rash appears in a child that seems suspicious to you, and especially if it is combined with other symptoms (lethargy, fever, diarrhea, vomiting), call a doctor immediately!

In some cases, the rash will go away on its own - viral infectious diseases, such as measles, rubella, chickenpox. In the case of scarlet fever, it is necessary to prescribe antibacterial drugs. If a scabies mite is found, a simple treatment is necessary. If the rash is of an allergic nature, then the allergen should be determined using skin tests and its effect on the body should be excluded. In the case of skin diseases, it is necessary to be treated, they will not go away on their own, but only a doctor can prescribe treatment, taking into account the general condition of the body. In any case, before contacting a doctor, self-treatment is aimed at relieving symptoms - with an increase in temperature, it is necessary to give the child antipyretic drugs, with severe itching - antihistamines. Be careful with the rash, because in some cases antibiotics and specific treatment are necessary.

Conservative treatment

Chickenpox. With an increase in body temperature, the child can be given paracetamol. However, the main problem with chickenpox is itching. Anti-allergic drugs, which are used only on the recommendation of a doctor, will help reduce its severity. Spots and bubbles are smeared with brilliant green (brilliant green). Small children can wear cotton mittens and cut their nails short. The child must be isolated from other children until the crusts dry. He cannot attend kindergarten or school. It should be emphasized that in young children the risk of infection of the vesicles is much higher than in older ones. If a milky or yellowish liquid is released from the vesicles, this is a sign of infection. In this case, antibiotics should be used. If, in addition to the rash, there are other symptoms, such as a very high body temperature or muscle tension in the back of the head, appropriate treatment is necessary before a doctor's prescription.

Infectious erythema. With an increase in body temperature, paracetamol and plenty of fluids should be given to the child in order to improve well-being and reduce body temperature. The doctor must confirm the diagnosis and clarify if there are any other complications. Treatment of erythema infectiosum is symptomatic and aims to reduce body temperature and improve well-being.

Measles. To reduce the temperature, you can use paracetamol, rub down with cool wet wipes, and also give the child plenty to drink. Until the body temperature normalizes and the rash disappears, the child should lie in bed. The room should not have bright light that irritates the eye, but it does not need to be darkened either. The child should not strain his eyesight - read, watch TV. The doctor should always confirm the diagnosis of measles and, taking into account possible complications, decide on the use of antibiotics. The doctor also, if necessary, prescribes additional studies.

Rubella. With rubella, no therapeutic measures are required, except for lowering body temperature, especially in older children. Bed rest for the duration of the rash and an increase in body temperature will not interfere either.

Meningitis. Treatment for meningococcal sepsis (blood poisoning) or meningococcal meningitis should be started immediately after diagnosis in a hospital. The disease is accompanied by high mortality.

Scarlet fever. A sick child with scarlet fever should observe bed rest and drink plenty of fluids. Paracetamol will lower your body temperature and relieve a sore throat. Since scarlet fever is a bacterial infection, antibiotics are used in the treatment: penicillin, erythromycin, etc. Children over 2 years old are usually treated at home, but if there are other children in the family who cannot be isolated, then the patient is placed in a hospital.

Streptoderma. It is necessary to immediately prescribe treatment, as it spreads very quickly and can cause illness to other family members through direct contact or the use of one towel.

Acute rheumaticesky feverbutdka. Treatment is carried out for a long time, for 1.5-2 months, with the use of antibiotics, hormones and other drugs.

Herpes, shingles. With these diseases, it is important to keep the skin clean so that infection does not occur. You can wash the skin with soap and water at the site of the rash, in addition, use some disinfectants (antiseptics), but they cause a burning sensation. For treatment, special ointments, creams or tablets are also used. They should be applied as soon as a burning sensation appears. If the blisters burst, then antibiotics should be used as prescribed by the doctor to prevent their infection.

Furuncle. The site of the boil should be covered with a sterile bandage, where possible, or a bandage with an appropriate drug as recommended by the doctor. The child should use a separate towel to reduce the risk of infection to other family members. You can not squeeze, pierce, cut off the top of the boil - this contributes to the spread of infection deep into the body. You can also not put warm compresses on boils. A furuncle causes severe inflammation, swelling and pain. Deeply located boils require surgical intervention. Treatment should be carried out only as prescribed by a doctor.

Allergic rash in a child. If an allergic rash appears, make sure that the baby's body temperature has not risen, he breathes freely, and his health has not been disturbed. Try to remember what new dishes you have introduced to the child's menu in recent days, what powder was used in the laundry, especially if the rash is on the site of belts, elastic bands, clothes - have you used any medications, such as antibiotics or aspirin? Aspirin should not be given to children under 12 years of age. If you think a medicine is causing the allergy, stop taking it and call your local doctor. If your child is prone to allergic reactions, reacts painfully to various environmental factors, limit to a minimum the amount of chemicals that the child's skin may come into contact with, as well as cosmetics, soaps and creams. Use soaps with a neutral effect on the skin, moisturizing, not drying the baby's skin. These funds can be bought at a pharmacy. If, despite your efforts, the rash persists, antihistamine tablets and creams can be used as directed by your doctor. The task of the doctor is to establish the type of allergy and its cause. This can be done using allergy tests with the most common allergens (grass, pollen from flowers, pet dander, dust, mold). Tests are carried out by an allergist.

Allergic manifestations in one way or another are observed in 50-60% of children. Your task is to prevent allergies from developing to a strong degree, to prevent diseases such as bronchial asthma, asthmatic dermatitis, hay fever, which can appear if you do not pay attention to an allergic rash. All questions on the diagnosis and treatment of allergies are decided only by a doctor. From him you can get advice on nutrition for food allergies, as well as on climate therapy - for pollen. If an allergic rash is accompanied by shortness of breath, call an ambulance immediately - it is life-threatening! Learn more about the mechanisms of occurrence, manifestations and treatment of allergies

Diaper erythema. To prevent diaper erythema, it is necessary to keep the baby's skin perfectly clean. After each excretion of urine or feces, you need to wash the child with warm water and soap, lubricate the skin with baby cream so that it repels moisture. Do not use diapers or panties made of synthetic materials. Do not use talc or powders as they stick together and irritate the skin. It is very good to leave the child in a warm room without diapers so that the skin breathes (air baths). Wash diapers only with products intended for children's clothing, rinse them well in clean water, dry and iron with a hot iron. Do not use laundry detergents. If the rash persists for more than 2-3 days, you should consult a doctor. Swaddle the baby as often as possible and leave without diapers for as long as possible.

Prickly heat. To prevent prickly heat, dress children appropriately for the weather, use cotton instead of synthetic fabrics. If the child sweats, bathe him and change his clothes. Don't overheat your baby. If necessary, on the recommendation of a doctor, use medicines in the form of ointments. After a hygienic toilet of the skin (bath, air bath), the rash usually disappears without a trace.

Purpura. If the rash does not disappear with pressure, it is a sign of purpura. In all cases, if it is present, you should consult a doctor. Treatment is prescribed only by a doctor after special blood tests.

Insect bites. Wash the bite site with soap and water, and then treat with brilliant green or a special cream. To reduce itching, use antihistamines (suprastin, etc.) in tablets or syrup. If there are many bites or a severe reaction (itching and swelling) has developed, you should consult a doctor to get recommendations for treatment.

Scabies. Treatment of scabies is carried out with special ointments on the recommendation of a doctor. All family members should be treated at the same time, and the bed and clothes should be washed well and boiled or ironed with a hot iron.

lice. For the treatment of pediculosis, in addition to special pastes and ointments that the doctor will recommend to you, you can use a kerosene-oil compress. To do this, kerosene and oil are mixed in a 1: 1 ratio, applied to the skin of the scalp and hair, cover the head with plastic wrap, tie a scarf over it and leave for 30 minutes.

Warts. If the child has only one small wart, do not touch it, it will disappear spontaneously. If the wart is large, painful (on the sole) or there are several of them, or located in a place where it is subjected to friction, you should contact a dermatologist or a cosmetologist, where a qualified consultation will be given and treatment will be carried out. Do not self-medicate warts, especially on the face or around the genitals, it can lead to dangerous complications.

Atopic eczema. While infantile eczema is highly treatable, you are unfortunately powerless over a child's hereditary predisposition to it. If your child has inherited a tendency to eczema, hay fever, asthma, your task is to avoid environmental factors that can aggravate the disease, regardless of the treatment prescribed. Breastfeeding for up to six months will delay the onset of seborrhea symptoms and alleviate them. You should also eliminate cow's milk, eggs, orange juice, and wheat from your diet until your child is one year old. These allergens aggravate eczema. When buying baby food, keep an eye on the content of the listed products as ingredients. It is necessary to transfer the child to artificial nutrition gradually, starting with vegetables, fruits, meat, buckwheat baby cereals without milk. Finally, some children do not react well to food additives and colors, so check the content of the ingredients marked with the letter E on the labels.

Dust mite allergy often causes eczema and asthma, so you should take the necessary measures against this allergen. Patches for minor skin injuries should be hypoallergenic. Woolen fabrics in direct contact with the skin can also cause eczema, so if you can't do without woolen clothes, wear them over cotton underwear. Unfortunately, pet hair and dander are also potential causes of allergies. However, it is very difficult to separate a child from his pet, so think carefully before you bring any animal or bird into the house. Emotional stress can do more harm than good when, on the advice of a doctor, you have to get rid of a pet. Of the many causative agents of eczema, the most powerful are washing powders, rinses, scented soaps, bath foams and shampoos. Although many of these funds have more inert substitutes. It happens that the child itches badly at night when the skin is warm. Then you can put on special mittens for him, after cutting his nails short. And finally, parents should strictly follow the advice of the doctor and use only those ointments that he prescribed.

Of course, every parent wants his child to have healthy, clean and tender skin, so that he does not have any eczema. Therefore, know that over time the baby will outgrow this unpleasant condition. And if not, then modern methods of treatment will come to his aid. In addition, everyone should know that eczema is not contagious and the child does not need to be isolated or treated in any special way. Of all the variety of types of eczema, the doctor must determine exactly which one the child suffers in order to prescribe the correct treatment. For intolerable itching, the doctor can prescribe an antihistamine, constantly observing the child. In general, treatment for eczema consists of a combination of emollients (oils, fat, water) and steroids.

Emollients are a combination of oil, fat and water. These include ointments, creams, lotions, or liquid water supplements. Emollients are designed for daily skin care. They protect it from drying out, maintain its softness and elasticity. Emollients prevent itching and further inflammation. These are the most gentle drugs, unlike the steroids used in the treatment. This is especially important to consider in severe cases of eczema, when steroids absorbed by the skin can have an undesirable side effect. When applying emollients, parents must be very careful not to put any other chemicals that they may have on their hands on the skin of the child, even in microdoses. The emollient is best used after bathing. Rub it into the skin of the child should be circular, gentle movements. Babies react differently to different types of emollients, so try to find the best one for your child. If your child is sensitive to lanolin, for example, avoid products that contain it. Emollients can be used continuously. Sometimes it is recommended to close this area of skin with a soft oilcloth after applying the product in order to improve the absorption process. In addition, in this way, soiling of bed linen can be prevented. Water emollients are especially needed. Usually, water has a high degree of hardness and therefore dries out the skin a lot. It also happens that a simple refusal of baths for some time relieves dry skin and significantly improves the well-being of the child. But it is useful to sit in water with a softening additive for 15-30 minutes. However, try to avoid scented cleansers such as soap and shampoo as they destroy the natural oils on your baby's skin. The alternative are moisturizers or oils, which are completely inert but very effective. But I want to warn you: they, like emollients, make the bath very slippery, so do not leave the child in the bath alone unattended. After the bath, the baby does not need to be wiped, but simply blotted with a soft towel, then a moisturizer or oil should be applied to the baby's skin.

Steroid creams relieve skin inflammation and prevent itching. Their effectiveness depends on the concentration of the drug. Remember the general rule: you should use the mildest steroid creams that only control the disease. Too strong a steroid agent can penetrate the skin into the bloodstream and theoretically lead to unpredictable consequences after prolonged use. The safest is 1% hydrocortisone ointment. It can be used every day and on the face. Sometimes stronger steroid creams are used for severe eczema, but only briefly and under strict control, periodically alternating with fairly weak steroid drugs. If, after applying the cream to the skin, make a thin compress from the film, the medicine is absorbed better. Sometimes, in the most severe cases, weak oral steroids are used, such as prednisolone, which is almost harmless but very effective. Although anti-itch antihistamines are usually available as creams, they are best avoided as they are ineffective. In addition, they may contain additives that cause allergies in children. Non-sedating antihistamine tablets and syrups, used only once a day, are quite good at relieving skin irritation.

Which doctors to contact in the event of a disease

emergency doctor

Family doctor

Infectionist

Allergist

Dermatologist

Immunologist

Rheumatologist

Approximately two thirds of children under the age of one year and about 30% of children over the age of one suffer from allergies. An inadequate reaction of the body to an allergen in children most often manifests itself in the form of a rash. You will learn how the treatment of allergic rashes in children is carried out by reading this article.

Kinds

The tendency to allergies is often inherited. This fact is no longer in doubt among doctors. However, the mechanisms of the development of an allergic reaction are still not fully understood, because not always in an allergic child, mom or dad also suffer from allergies.

The essence of the ongoing processes is quite simple. A certain antigen protein enters the child's body, which cannot be absorbed. The baby's immunity "remembers" the foreign protein and, when it comes again, gives an immune response in the form of an allergic rhinitis, cough. Rashes on the skin are also an immune reaction to a protein antigen.

Hundreds of such proteins are known to medicine. Those that are most common cause the types of allergic rashes in children:

rashes with food allergies (to certain foods);
rash with drug (drug) allergies (to specific types of drugs, individual substances and their compounds);
rash with seasonal allergies (to pollen, flowering);
rashes in response to insect bites;
rash with contact allergies (for household chemicals, cosmetics);
rash with household allergies (to house dust, feather pillows, pet hair).

An allergic rash can appear in response to the penetration of an allergen at any age, in children of any gender, race and health condition. Manifestations of skin rashes do not depend on the climatic zone in which the child lives, sufficient or insufficient care is provided for him. An allergy rash is only an external manifestation of a violent internal process.

Causes

An allergen is almost always a molecular structure of protein origin. Not all allergens cause immune reactions when they enter the body. Some are able to bind to proteins that are found in all human tissues. Usually these are elements that are found in the composition of medicines or chemicals.

After the first entry into the child's body, the allergen causes sensitization, with it the sensitivity and susceptibility of histamine receptors increases, and the sensitivity increases precisely to a specific allergen. Subsequent contact with this allergen is accompanied by a whole cascade of immune processes with the formation of skin rashes.

The non-immune mechanism is associated with the release of histamines, which, when exposed to immune cells, cause swelling of the skin layers, dilation of capillaries (the cause of redness), and blistering.

The number of children suffering from skin allergies is growing every year. Doctors believe that the main reasons lie in the deterioration of the environment, the consumption of genetically modified foods. In addition, doctors say that children at risk are most susceptible to allergic rashes.

It includes:

Babies born from a pregnancy accompanied by pathologies (preeclampsia, oligohydramnios or polyhydramnios, bearing twins or triplets, threatened miscarriage, severe toxicosis at the beginning and end of the gestation period).
Children who at an early age (up to a year) suffered severe viral infections.
Children who, by coincidence, from birth or from the age of up to 3 months, are transferred to artificial mixtures.
Toddlers who are deficient in important vitamins, as well as eating insufficiently or inadequately.
Children who had to take medication for a long time.

Symptoms

Symptoms of different types of allergic rashes have significant differences. For example, contact allergies are never common. Elements of rashes (more often blisters) are localized precisely on that part of the body that had contact with the allergen (chemical). The blisters are accompanied by itching.

For food allergies the rash usually develops in the form of atopic dermatitis. It is localized on the body, face, neck, sometimes on the scalp, on the back of the head. The rash does not have a clear outline, the fragments can be scattered far from each other - throughout the body.

Hives- These are reddish spots of varying intensity of color on the skin. When pressing on them with a finger, you can see whitish spots. Urticaria spots are slightly swollen, visually resembling nettle burns. Giant urticaria (the most severe form of such an allergy) is accompanied by swelling of the larynx, neck, Quincke's edema. Urticaria often occurs with drug allergies - on the body, face, arms and legs, on the back and abdomen.

Exudative diathesis most often manifests itself on the cheeks, chin, arms and neck, as well as on the auricles and behind the ear space. At first, these are bubbles filled with a clear liquid, which cause a strong judgment. The child worries, combs the skin or rubs it against the bed, as a result, the bubbles easily burst, leaving behind red crusts. If eczema develops, then these crusts become wet, itchy, complicated by an attached infection, which becomes noticeable by the presence of pustules.

An allergic rash can be completely colorless, manifested as "goosebumps". It is usually not accompanied by itching, it does not have a severe form. This happens if the process of inflammation stops at the lesion of the papillary layer of the dermis.

How to distinguish an allergy from an infection?

Parents who have found strange rashes on the child's skin, first of all, want to know what the matter is - an allergic reaction or infectious diseases that also occur with skin manifestations. Only a doctor called can answer this question with a high degree of certainty. Laboratory diagnostics is able to confirm or refute his conclusion. However, attentive parents are also able to catch the difference between infections and allergies. Actually, it's not that difficult.

With allergies, there is no high temperature. With infections, fever and fever are most often mandatory "companions" of the initial stage of the disease. An infectious rash usually has a clear outline - papules, vesicles, pustules and other elements of the rash have certain boundaries and shape. With an allergic rash, the forms of blisters and blisters are quite blurred.

Swelling of the face and lips, the appearance of puffiness with allergies is common, but with infections this symptom is usually not observed. With allergies, the rash itches and itches, and with infections this does not always happen.

Weakness, intoxication and body aches always happen with infectious diseases, but almost never with allergies. The runny nose that accompanies infections changes its character - first, a liquid secret is released from the nose, then it thickens and changes color. With allergies, the snot in a child is constantly liquid, the nature of the course of rhinitis does not change with time.

An allergic rash is prone to fusion, swelling of the skin, an infectious rash usually does not swell, and all its elements are clearly visible. The first is usually manifested by spots and vesicles, the second - by vesicles, pustules, papules.

First aid

Allergists and pediatricians should treat allergies. But all parents should be able to provide first aid to a child at home, given that skin allergies can happen suddenly - at any time and with any baby.

When a rash appears, first of all, you need to carefully examine the skin of the baby, notice the features and locations of the spots. It is important to remember what the new child ate, drank, took over the past 3-4 days.

If there is a suspicion of a food allergy, then the child is given enterobrents in an age dose ("Enterosgel"), the skin with rashes is washed with cool water without soap. Before visiting the doctor, nothing else can be given.

If you suspect a drug allergy, you should stop taking medication and take the child to see a doctor. The exception is situations when the medicine is given to the baby for health reasons. Then stop the course is not worth it. It is better to immediately go to an appointment with a specialist.

For any form of allergy, first aid is to interrupt contact with the allergen. If it is not known what the child has a skin reaction to, then it is best to protect him from a wide range of potentially dangerous common allergens. This includes whole cow's milk, chicken eggs, nuts, citrus fruits, some types of sea fish, sweets, honey and other foods, house dust, animal hair, fish food, all perfumes, cosmetics, plant pollen and medicines.

If the cause of the rash is clear to parents, then it will be easier to limit contact with the allergen.

In any case, the affected area is washed with water without soap. With a severe rash, you can give the child antihistamines (in a single age dose). After consultation with the doctor, the main treatment begins.

Treatment

The basis of treatment is the exclusion of the allergen. Modern diagnostics, which includes laboratory methods, as well as allergy tests, can help find it. After eliminating the allergen, the doctor decides on the use of medications. Everything will depend on the degree of damage to the skin and general symptoms.

With mild forms of rash, sedative agents help well - motherwort tincture, valerian decoction, lemon balm decoction. Ingestion of such drugs will allow the baby to suffer less from itching, and also improve the child's sleep.

Antihistamines eliminate the internal cause of the rash - free histamine. In pediatric practice, Erius, Loratadin, Cetrin, Zirtek, Diazolin, Suprastin, Claritin, Fenistil (drops) are widely used.

Sorbents help to remove toxins generated by allergens from the body, such agents include Polysorb and Enterosgel, as well as Laktofiltrum.

Locally, rashes can be treated with Fenistil (in the form of a gel). With an extensive itchy rash, the doctor may recommend hormonal preparations with a low content of glucocorticosteroid hormones - for example, Triderm or Advantan ointment. They will relieve itching and gradually remove all rashes. In a severe allergic process, hormonal drugs ("Prednisolone") are also prescribed for internal use.

If the rash is accompanied by severe swelling, the doctor will definitely recommend diuretics along with calcium preparations so that frequent urination does not lead to the "washout" of this essential mineral from the body.

A child with an allergy should be bathed without foam, shampoo and soap. You can add a small amount of decoction of chamomile or calendula to the water. Washing a child in water with the addition of essential oils is unacceptable.

If you need to use other medicines, it is important to call your doctor and consult about the possibility of taking them during the treatment of an allergic rash. Some antibiotics (for example, Tetracycline), as well as the nootropic drug Pantogam, often cause severe allergies, which is undesirable in the treatment of a rash.

Lubricating a rash with an allergy with a baby cream is impractical and harmful, because under a layer of oily cream the skin will “get wet”, which will slow down recovery. You shouldn't use powder either, because it dries the skin too much.

In addition to medicines, a child with skin allergies is prescribed a special hypoallergenic diet, completely excluding foods that can aggravate the baby's condition. For children under one year old, the doctor corrects the mother’s nutrition if she is breastfeeding, or replaces the infant formula.

To prevent the development of skin allergies for the first time (as well as the facts of recurrence in children who have already undergone treatment), simple and effective preventive tips will help:

Do not give your child a large amount of medication. This undermines his immunity and provokes mild allergic reactogenicity. If it is possible to reduce the temperature without a pill, you should use it. If it is possible not to give cough syrup, but to provide warm, plentiful drinks and massage instead, then it is better to take advantage of this opportunity.

Hello dear readers! Today we will touch on such a topic as - an allergic rash in children.

This phenomenon is very common in childhood. We will tell you what it is connected with, and what symptoms indicate the development of the disease.

Together we will learn how to eliminate the disease and follow the basic advice of the attending physician.

Everything you need to know about rashes

An allergic rash on the body of a child is a manifestation of a specific reaction. This is due to the excessive production of histamine, which lives in the human skin.

Its production is carried out after contact with a potentially hazardous substance. In this connection, rashes are fixed on the skin.

Often, a protracted form of the rash is accompanied by the formation of crusts of various sizes. When combed and infection gets into them, blisters are formed with cloudy contents inside. Over time, weeping wounds appear.

The child's body responds negatively to several types of allergens at once. Therefore, the main provocateur of a negative reaction is not so easy to identify.

It is noteworthy that many substances are classified as safe, and are harmless to most children.

In this matter, the main role is played by the weakness of the protective functions of the body and the tendency to develop allergic reactions.

Allergic rashes are of several types:

rashes accompanied by swelling;
eczema, inflammatory;
atopic dermatitis.

Each type of rash has its own etiology of development and pathogenesis. We will not delve into each pathology separately and characterize only their common features.

After all, it is still impossible to determine the type of allergic rash on your own.

Why does a rash appear

Photos of an allergic rash in children do not represent the most pleasant picture. In some cases, an ordinary rash can lead to complete infection of the skin.

So why is such a formidable reaction developing? Let's figure it out together.

A rash is just a local change in the condition of the skin. Rashes can be both isolated and indicate the development of serious diseases.

In our case, the rash is a consequence of a potentially dangerous substance. What acts as an allergen? The main provocateurs of a negative reaction are:

insect bites;
infectious lesions of the skin;
blood clotting disorders;
mechanical damage to the skin;
direct impact.

An acute reaction can be the result of contact with animal hair and even cosmetics.

Modern creams are based on dangerous components that can provoke a negative reaction from the skin.

Symptoms

What does an allergic rash look like in children and is it difficult to recognize? It is impossible to leave this phenomenon unnoticed.

The disease is accompanied by an extensive clinical picture. Naturally, rashes are the main symptom.

However, this symptom can be the result of many other diseases. Therefore, it is important to know other clinical manifestations.

With contact allergies, rashes appear at the points of contact of the allergen with the skin, for example,.

Creams and even foods can provoke a negative reaction.

Often, the delicate skin of a child suffers from the effects of drugs. This once again emphasizes the need to visit a doctor.

Independent attempts to eliminate any ailment can lead to disastrous consequences.

The main symptoms of an allergic rash are as follows:

redness on the skin;
the appearance of additional elements, in particular spots, papules and blisters;
severe swelling of the skin;
skin itching;
the appearance of infectious foci when combing the affected area;
development of wounds and erosions;
crust formation.

Along with the above symptoms, the behavior of the child also changes. The kid becomes restless, he is constantly naughty and hysterical.

In severe cases, the child cannot be fed, he refuses any food. Due to severe itching, the child does not sleep well.

In the acute form of the pathological process, lightning-fast development of symptoms is recorded. Abundant rashes are observed on the skin of the face and in the folds of the body.

If the rash is present for a month and does not disappear on its own, it is most likely a chronic form of the pathological process.

It negatively affects the general well-being of the child. The kid is constantly naughty, he has a poor appetite, nervousness and irritability appear.

How to deal with a rash

Treatment should be carried out under the supervision of an experienced specialist. Dear parents, do not self-medicate!

The body of the crumbs is malleable to the negative influence of environmental factors. Do not exacerbate an already difficult situation.

If a rash develops, make an appointment with your pediatrician. Consultation with an experienced specialist will allow you to exclude a number of more serious diseases and prescribe the optimal treatment regimen.

Before starting therapy, a number of laboratory tests are carried out. They will determine the type of allergen. After all, not all varieties of an allergic reaction can be eliminated by a standard exposure scheme. Consider this fact!

After the allergen is determined, the specialist prescribes medication.

How long the disease passes, subject to all the doctor's recommendations, depends on the individual characteristics of the child's body and the type of hazardous substance.

Regardless of these criteria, therapy begins with. Their action is aimed at stopping histamine, which is actively involved in the development of negative symptoms.

The most popular antihistamines include: Diazolin, Claritin and Suprastin.

They effectively stop negative manifestations, but at the same time do not affect the allergen itself. With increased excitability of the baby, it is advisable to use funds with a light sedative effect, in particular Tavegil.

In addition to antihistamines, it is advisable to use topical preparations.

These include ointments and creams that stop itching and accelerate the healing process of the resulting wounds. All drugs are prescribed by a doctor.

Is it possible to bathe a child with an allergic rash and how to carry out standard hygiene procedures?

If there is a prescription for the use of ointments and creams in the treatment regimen, bathing is canceled for the period of drug exposure. This is due to the special action of local action.

Special preparations create a film on the skin that protects against re-infection.

Therefore, after applying the ointment, water procedures are excluded. To speed up recovery, it is also necessary to exclude contact with a potentially dangerous allergen.

Important to remember

An allergic rash is a consequence of the contact effect of a potentially hazardous substance on the skin of a child.
The disease has no specific symptoms, which excludes the process of self-diagnosis.
Treatment is carried out under the supervision of a physician, in compliance with preventive measures.

See you in the next article!

If you do not know how infectious skin diseases and allergic rashes in children differ from each other, photos of these pathologies will help to distinguish one from the other.

In the article we will talk in detail about allergic rashes, their characteristic signs and methods of treatment.

What causes an allergic rash to appear on a child's skin?

Skin rashes often appear in children from birth to 7 years of age. This is largely due to the fact that during this period the immune system of infants is still being formed.

Violations in its work are often accompanied by swelling, hyperemia (reddening of the skin) and / or rash.

Most often, an allergic rash appears due to:

medicines (the child's body may react negatively to individual components in the medicines included in the composition);
breastfeeding if the mother does not follow a diet (for example, she is fond of chocolate, citrus fruits, honey, strawberries);
household chemicals (washing powder, baby soap or baby cream, dishwashing liquid);
allergic dermatoses (plants or animals, prickly or poisonous);
natural factors (for example, prolonged exposure to the sun);
infections (non-cellular infectious agents).

The rash may appear only on the face or "go" all over the body.

What does a skin allergy look like in a child?

Allergic reactions in babies can be different. Depending on what caused it, you have to deal with a food allergy or a viral one.

In many cases, exanthems appear on the child's body (as various manifestations of allergic rashes are called):

pustules (filled with pus);
plaques;
spots;
vesicles (filled with fluid);
blisters (large vesicles, larger than 0.5 cm).

With food allergies in babies, a rash can be found primarily on the cheeks and near the mouth. If the allergy is contact, then the rash will appear in the place that the allergen touched.

If the baby's immune system reacted negatively to plant pollen, then instead of acne, there may be hyperemia (redness) and swelling of the face.

A photo, better than any words, will allow parents to understand what an allergy looks like, what they may encounter. We will give a brief description of some types of allergic rashes that appear in children up to a year and older.

*Type of rash*	*a brief description of*	Cause
Allergic dermatitis	A small red rash spreads all over the body. In these places, the skin becomes dry, peeling, cracks, ulcers may occur.	Weak immunity or contact with an irritant.
Hives	Outwardly, it resembles blisters that appear after contact with a prickly plant of the same name. The rash "wanders" through the body, appears on the hands, then on the face, then on the folds of the arms and legs. It may be accompanied by itching, but after scratching, relief does not occur.	The reaction of the child's body to individual products (chocolate, honey, eggs, citrus fruits).
Neurodermatitis	It looks like psoriasis. Characteristic signs are severe peeling. May become chronic.	Food allergies, weak immune system.
Eczema	Small red sores or small pimples. It is a chronic form, so it may disappear, then reappear. Appears first on the face, then on the arms and legs.	Infectious diseases, household chemicals, dermatitis.

Allergy to foods (sweets, citrus fruits), drugs and antibiotics manifests itself differently. The following table will help you figure out what is what:

*Allergen*	*The nature of the rash*
Sweets (chocolate (peanuts, sugar, milk powder) and honey)	Acne, urticaria, small rash around the mouth appear. With sugar intolerance, a small patient develops spots that itch a lot. With intolerance to honey - swelling, thirst, shortness of breath, red spots on the face.
Medicines	At the injection sites or on the arms, legs, stomach and back of the baby (if the medicine was instilled into the child's mouth), red spots appear that resemble a mosquito bite. Sometimes they swell, start to itch a lot. If spots and pimples appear on the feet and palms, then this is an infection and will require other treatment.
Antibiotics	In a child, a reaction to antibiotics occurs immediately after taking the drug. An allergic rash in the form of red spots covers the face and body of the baby. These patches do not itch, unlike contact dermatitis. Sometimes there is a temperature (appears for no apparent reason). Instead of spots, bubbles with liquid inside may appear.

How to diagnose an allergy?

An allergic rash in children is often confused with an infectious one. If the treatment is incorrect, then the consequences of such a therapeutic course will not be the best.

Before choosing an effective remedy, you need to learn how to distinguish one disease from another. An accurate diagnosis can only be made by a doctor, since a visual examination is not always enough to determine the cause of the disease; tests are required.

The differences between an allergic rash in children and an infectious disease are presented in the table:

Features	allergic rash	Infection
General form	It can be in the form of both small dots and large blisters. In addition to them, there are often crusts, erosions and serous wells (sores from which fluid oozes).	Rashes are punctate, do not “merge” into a large spot.
Spawn location	Face (forehead, cheeks, chin). Neck, arms, legs, buttocks. Rarely - stomach, back.	Belly, back. Rarely - arms, legs. Very rarely - forehead.
Heat	The temperature is rare, and if it rises, it is not higher than 37-38°C.	The disease is accompanied by fever, from 37°C to 41°C.
Itching	It happens.	It happens.
Puffiness	Well visible. In some situations it is life threatening.	There are very rare.
Associated symptoms	Lacrimation, conjunctivitis, hyperemia of the mucous membrane of the eye, decreased pressure, cough, indigestion.	Flow from the nose, general prostration, body aches.
How fast does it go	Often the rash goes away immediately after taking the medicine.	It remains until the course of treatment is completed.

What medications are used to treat allergic rashes?

When an allergic skin rash appears in children, it is strictly forbidden to squeeze pimples or open blisters. It is necessary to explain to the child that it is also impossible to comb the sores.

If he is still too small, make sure that he does not touch the wounds with dirty hands. He can bring an infection, and this will only worsen his condition.

Treatment of rash in children is selected depending on the type of disease. Parents who do not know how to treat an allergic rash in children should not choose their own medications.

*allergic rash*	*Medications*	*Non-drug treatment*
Allergic dermatitis	To relieve symptoms, Suprastin or Erius is prescribed.	Eliminate contact with the irritant. Bathe the child in water with the addition of decoctions of chamomile or sage. Physiotherapy, peace and positive emotions will also help the baby.
Hives	Children are prescribed antiallergic drugs: Suprastin, Tavegil.
Neurodermatitis	The doctor recommends: sorbents("Laktofiltrum" or activated carbon); sedative(you can make a decoction of lemon balm); ointment that has a cooling effect(for example, gel "Fenistil").
Eczema	Good help: antiallergic drugs (for example, "Suprastin"); immunostimulating agents (for example, echinacea tincture); sorbents ("Laktofiltrum", activated carbon).

How quickly does an allergic rash go away in children?

There is no single answer to the question of how long it will take to deal with allergic rashes in children. Much depends on the type and nature of the course of the disease.

For example, a food allergy, if it appeared in a baby or a one-year-old baby, disappears within one week. It is enough just to remove the allergenic product from the diet of a nursing mother.

Seven days will have to suffer those children who have urticaria or allergic dermatitis. It is more difficult to deal with eczema and neurodermatitis.

These diseases are disturbing for 14 days and often become chronic. And this means that an allergic reaction may occur more than once.

Treatment should be started at the first appearance of a small pale rash. If you do not pay attention to it in the hope that "everything will pass by itself", then the therapeutic course may drag on for a long time and turn out to be ineffective.

What is done to prevent allergic rashes in children?

Preventive measures will help prevent the appearance of an allergic rash in a child. Doctors give the following recommendations:

Make sure that the baby does not come into contact with the allergen (remove allergenic foods from his diet; if necessary, change baby powder, soap or dishwashing liquid.
Maintain order in his room, regularly do wet cleaning.
If there are pets in the house, keep them clean.
Strengthen the baby's immunity (walk more often, play sports).
Do not violate the doctor's recommendations for taking medications.

Conclusion

An allergic rash in children under one year old and at an older age appears for various reasons. Often food, medicines, household chemicals become an allergen.

Allergies can come in many forms and look different. It is easy to confuse it with an infectious disease. It is important to correctly diagnose and quickly choose an effective treatment.

At the first suspicion of allergic manifestations, you need to show the child to the doctor. Self-medication may be ineffective: there is a high risk of harming the baby, and not helping.