Many women of reproductive age often face the problem of uterine bleeding. The normal menstrual cycle lasts for 5-7 days, while the total blood loss is up to 80 ml of blood. In the event that various diseases develop in the organs of the genitourinary system, a woman may start bleeding. Large blood loss is often seen in both the postpartum and climacteric periods.

Modern medicine is seriously studying this pathology. Specialists from around the world are conducting research on uterine bleeding. Based on the results obtained, drugs are being developed, the pharmacological properties of which help to cope with this problem.

Currently, modern medical institutions are successfully struggling with uterine bleeding. The main condition for a successful recovery is hospitalization. In the course of treatment, each patient is individually selected a medication that is administered intravenously or orally. In advanced cases, doctors perform a surgical stop of bleeding by means of diagnostic curettage. If none of these methods helped to eliminate the existing problem, doctors insist on removing the uterus.

List of hemostatic agents:

Dicinone with uterine bleeding

With uterine bleeding, synthetic drugs are often prescribed, which have a beneficial effect on the mucous membrane of the uterine cavity. Such a drug is dicinone.

Its pharmacological properties include the following:

the ability to activate the process of protein-thromboplastin formation;

normalization of blood clotting

prevents the formation of blood clots.

Dicinone is available in several forms: in tablets, in injections. This drug has proven its effectiveness in bleeding, the localization of which is small vessels. After taking dicinone (the dosage should be prescribed only by the attending physician), the woman will be able to feel the effect after a few hours. Repeated testing of this drug has shown that the best result is achieved when taking pills than intramuscular injections.

To stop uterine bleeding, experts use the following scheme: two ampoules of dicinone are injected intravenously (you can intramuscularly), after which every six hours this drug is prescribed in tablet form. In order to prevent bleeding, the patient should take this drug orally, starting from the 5th day of the menstrual cycle.

Tranexam for uterine bleeding

Tranexam is rightfully considered the first aid for uterine bleeding, since it is very quickly able to cope with this problem. This drug has a direct effect on the blood coagulation process and directly affects plasminogen (inactive). Tranexam is now available in pharmacies, both as pills and injections (intramuscularly).

If there is moderate blood loss, then a pill will suffice. When determining the dosage, the physician should take into account the patient's weight and the severity of the disease. Tranexam is often prescribed to prevent uterine bleeding, especially when preparing patients for surgical procedures.

Vikasol is a synthetic medicine that can replace vitamin K, which is important for women's health, and is actively involved in the production of prothrombin. In the absence or insufficient amount of this vitamin, women develop.

After taking Vicasol, patients experience relief only after 12-18 hours, which is why it is not used when providing emergency assistance. Despite this, many doctors often prescribe this drug in the complex therapy of uterine bleeding, as well as for prophylactic purposes. Vikasol is prescribed to pregnant women after the onset of the first contractions in order to prevent the development of bleeding, which may develop during the onset of the active phase of labor.

Etamsylate for uterine bleeding

For menstrual bleeding, doctors often prescribe medications that can significantly reduce the volume of your period.

A great effect is achieved when taking etamsylate, which has extensive pharmacological properties:

has the ability to stop bleeding;

activates the processes responsible for blood clotting and the rate of platelet adhesion;

increases the elasticity and stability of capillaries, etc.

While taking etamsylate, patients do not experience internal discomfort, since this drug has a smooth effect on the female body. In the process of carrying out numerous studies, it was revealed that ethamsylate does not cause sharp blood coagulation, due to which blood clots do not form. It is prescribed for all types of bleeding, in particular uterine. Very often ethamsilate is included in the treatment program, as well as otolaryngological, dental and ophthalmic diseases.

Oxytocin for uterine bleeding

With the development of uterine bleeding, the first action of a specialist is to prescribe a drug to a woman, which is able to quickly provide the necessary assistance. Oxytocin, which has a selective effect on the uterus, is capable of stopping blood loss.

After taking oxytocin in the female body, there is an increased excitability of muscle fibers, against the background of which strong contractions begin. This drug can be prescribed both in tablet form and in the form of intravenous injections.

Ascorutin for uterine bleeding

Ascorutin, which has been actively used in gynecology for many years, is capable of providing real help to women suffering from heavy periods, often developing into uterine bleeding.

The composition of this drug contains the following main components: vitamin P (rutin) and ascorbic acid. Its direct effect on the female body is to strengthen the walls of blood vessels, prevent capillary fragility and permeability.

With prolonged use of ascorutin (the duration is determined by the attending physician), tissue regeneration occurs, and the protective functions of the female body are activated, capable of resisting any negative effects.

Vikasol with uterine bleeding

An effective synthetic drug that can replace and saturate the female body with vitamin K is vicasol. This drug activates the process of prothrombin production, which has a direct effect on blood clotting. Despite the fact that in the treatment of uterine bleeding vikasol has proven to be effective, its appointment should be very careful.

Like any other hemostatic drug, Vikasol has contraindications, which include: thromboembolism and increased blood clotting. That is why self-administration of this drug is prohibited. All appointments should only be given by the attending physician.

Etamsylate (injections) for uterine bleeding

Etamsylate is a medicinal product with hemostatic properties. While taking this drug in patients, there is a strengthening of blood vessels, an increase in platelet cells in the bone marrow, etc. After the appointment of etamsylate in women, the fragility of blood vessels is significantly reduced, and the level of ascorbic acid in the blood plasma stabilizes.

When taking this drug, the effect is observed after 10-15 minutes. Having had a beneficial effect on the patient's body, ethamsylate begins to break down very quickly and be excreted during urination.

Aminocaproic acid for uterine bleeding

Aminocaproic acid is a synthetic medicine often used to stop uterine bleeding. Its appointment should only take place in a hospital, where doctors have the opportunity to regularly monitor the quality of the blood of patients through laboratory research - a coagulogram.

Aminocaproic acid can improve the functionality of the liver, as well as inhibit the formation of antibodies.

How to stop uterine bleeding at home?

Many women who suffer from regular uterine bleeding prefer to deal with this problem at home. For these purposes, you can use various recipes of traditional medicine that have a directional effect. Experienced experts recommend using herbs, teas, tinctures and other folk remedies in the complex therapy of uterine bleeding, as a supplement or prevention.

Which herb stops uterine bleeding?

For various gynecological diseases, in particular with profuse uterine bleeding, a boron uterus can be used. This plant has unique pharmacological properties and is recommended for the treatment of serious gynecological diseases. Against the background of taking the boron uterus in women, the hormonal background begins to normalize, fertility is restored, and uterine bleeding stops. Before starting to take a tincture or decoction of this medicinal plant on her own, a woman needs to contact a herbalist or her doctor to determine the duration of treatment and dosage. In the case when a woman is undergoing hormonal therapy, the use of a borax uterus is not advisable, since it contains large amounts of estrogen.

Borovaya uterus is contraindicated in women who have reduced blood clotting, obstruction of the fallopian tubes, as well as during pregnancy, etc. Experts do not recommend using this medicinal plant in any form while taking oral contraceptives. If the boron uterus is used incorrectly, women may encounter various side effects, in particular the development of breakthrough bleeding, against the background of which the inflammatory process usually develops.

Other herbs for uterine bleeding

Other herbs and fees can be used in the treatment of uterine bleeding:

Nettle. This medicinal plant is actively used in both traditional and alternative medicine. It contains special components capable of stopping blood. The antihemorrhagic vitamin stimulates the formation of prothrombin, esculene, vitamin C and K. It is indicated for uterine bleeding in the form of a decoction, which should be drunk up to 5 times a day, 2 tablespoons.

Water pepper. For centuries, this herb has been used to stop bleeding. This is due to its unique tanning properties, due to which the blood clotting process is significantly accelerated. In parallel, it has a bactericidal effect on the female body, reduces capillary fragility and makes the vessel walls more elastic.

Yarrow. This medicinal plant is often used for uterine bleeding, as it can activate the processes of clotting, while preventing the formation. it is recommended to take it as a tincture, which can be purchased ready-made, or prepared by yourself. The duration of taking a tincture of this medicinal plant depends on the intensity of bleeding.

Education: Diploma in Obstetrics and Gynecology was obtained at the Russian State Medical University of the Federal Agency for Healthcare and Social Development (2010). In 2013 completed postgraduate studies at N.N. N.I. Pirogova.

Uterine bleeding occurs in women of different ages. It can be a symptom of gynecological diseases and extragenital pathologies, open when there is a threat of miscarriage or during the termination of an ectopic pregnancy. This is a dangerous condition that requires urgent help, so the first thing to do is take care of how to stop uterine bleeding.

What is the danger?

Uterine bleeding can have different causes, duration, and intensity. Copious and prolonged, it can lead to significant blood loss. As a result, the pressure and hemoglobin level decrease, and a lethal outcome is not excluded, if not stopped in time.

It is not only rapid uterine bleeding that is dangerous. Scanty discharge outside menstruation may indicate any disease, including severe, as well as the onset of a miscarriage. Even minor, regular bleeding can weaken the body and lower blood pressure and hemoglobin levels.

There is another danger - bleeding coincides with menstruation, the woman does not know about it and is wasting time.

Signs

The following symptoms indicate the onset of uterine bleeding:

• Actually, the very discharge of blood from the vagina, while its amount is much greater than during menstruation - the pads have to be changed every hour or two.
• Bleeding lasts not 5-6 days, as with menstruation, but more than 7 days.
• The discharge contains a large number of blood clots.
• Complaints of pain in the lumbar region, in the lower abdomen, weakness, indifference to everything that happens.
• Allocations occur between periods.
• Bleeding during menopause and after cessation of menses.

A woman with uterine bleeding complains of weakness, pain in the lower abdomen

With significant blood loss, due to a drop in hemoglobin levels, anemia develops, which is manifested by weakness, shortness of breath, and pallor of the skin.

What do we have to do?

Every woman should know what to do with uterine bleeding. The main thing is to stop it as quickly as possible and replenish the loss of blood. To do this, you need to do the following:

• urgently call an ambulance;
• you can not walk and lift weights, as this can dramatically worsen the condition;
• you can not do douching, take hot showers and baths;
• put cold on the abdomen (lowermost part), for example, a heating pad with ice.

If uterine bleeding occurs in a pregnant woman, then an urgent need to consult a doctor. Especially dangerous for the fetus and mother is the discharge of blood in the second half of pregnancy. With uterine bleeding in the later stages, an urgent operation may be required - a cesarean section.

Is it possible to stop bleeding at home?

Doctors are urged not to do this on their own using folk remedies. It is impossible to completely stop bleeding at home. Medicinal herbs can only temporarily reduce the intensity and relieve pain. Help should be professional. Stopping uterine bleeding should take place in a medical facility with the participation of a doctor. It can be difficult to cope with this pathology even in a hospital.

All you have to do while waiting for an ambulance is to lie down and apply cold to your lower abdomen.

Treatment

Treatment of uterine bleeding consists of several stages:

• stopping blood and replenishing its losses;
• examination of the patient, finding out the cause of bleeding, its elimination;
• recovery period (significant blood loss can lead to a rather serious condition - anemia, which can be difficult to treat).

The first step is to stop the bleeding. This should not always be done, but only in the case of severe bleeding, which poses a threat to life. With scanty secretions, medications are prescribed, and soon they stop.

The patient is carefully examined by a gynecologist and endocrinologist in order to find out the causes of bleeding and make an accurate diagnosis. The patient is asked about previous illnesses and living conditions. The woman takes a blood test, the hormonal status is determined, and an ultrasound examination of the genitals is done. A gynecological examination is carried out, smears, endometrial and cervical scrapings are examined, colposcopy (examination under a microscope) of the cervix is ​​prescribed.

Treatment includes conservative and surgical methods.

With uterine bleeding, hormonal, symptomatic and restorative therapy is indicated.

Hormonal treatment is essential. The course usually lasts three months, after which the doctor evaluates the result. With uterine bleeding, symptomatic treatment is also indicated. Prescribe drugs that improve the contractile function of the uterus. Fortifying agents include vitamins, physiotherapy.

Surgical treatment is often required - curettage of the uterine cavity and histological examination of biomaterial taken from the cervix and endometrium. Usually women of childbearing age (except for young nulliparous ones) undergo an operation to scrap the uterine cavity with further study of the endometrium.

Surgical treatment, as a rule, is always indicated for women who have entered the period of menopause. During curettage, diagnostic measures are performed to exclude uterine cancer.

With juvenile bleeding in young girls, scraping is done only in extreme cases, as a rule, for health reasons. It is usually necessary for severe bleeding that cannot be stopped with hormonal drugs.

It should be remembered that medicinal herbs can only temporarily relieve pain and reduce the intensity of discharge. It is highly undesirable to take hemostatic pills without knowing the causes of the pathology.

conclusions

Trying to figure out how to stop heavy uterine bleeding at home can be a waste of time and can be fatal. Self-medication with scanty secretions can also lead to a negative result. They can be a symptom of serious illness. Any disease is easier to cure as long as it is not started. If you use hemostatic herbs for a long time without knowing your diagnosis, you can lose time, and later treatment may be difficult. It is important to undergo a complete examination for an accurate diagnosis. If you seek help from a doctor on time, you can always count on a favorable prognosis for uterine bleeding.

Uterine bleeding is a symptom of many diseases of the female genital organs. Since blood loss is observed in this condition, in any case, it is necessary to take some measures to stop it.

What is uterine bleeding?

The discharge of blood from the vagina is considered a kind of signal that notifies of complex changes in the internal female genital organs. Uterine bleeding must be distinguished from menses. Menses last up to a maximum of one week at intervals of 21 to 35 days. If the period between periods is always different or lasts more days, then you need to visit a gynecologist. If menstruation lasts more than 7 days, it means uterine bleeding. Bloody discharge that appears in the middle of the menstrual cycle is also referred to as uterine bleeding. This symptom is often found in menopause, with changes in hormonal levels. Bleeding from the uterus can also occur during pregnancy at any time, or when the fallopian tube ruptures during an ectopic pregnancy. Cancer can also cause blood loss.

In any case, if you have bloody vaginal discharge, you need to consult a gynecologist! If you have profuse or even slight bleeding during pregnancy, then you need to urgently seek help from a gynecologist. In such cases, folk remedies will be of little appropriate and ineffective. Significant blood loss poses a threat to health, in some cases even life. The essence of the problem lies in the fact that in some diseases or conditions, it is quite difficult to stop bleeding, not only at home, but also in a medical and prophylactic institution. For example, in case of an ectopic pregnancy, the complication of which is a rupture of the fallopian tube, only surgery will help. Bleeding in late pregnancy indicates premature detachment of the placenta, in order to stop it, in some cases, it is necessary to induce childbirth. And with any, even minor, spotting bloody discharge in a pregnant woman, it is necessary to urgently take measures to save the fetus and, possibly, even the woman herself. In such cases, you should always seek the help of a doctor.

How to stop bleeding at home?

In the absence of pregnancy, you can try to stop scanty or smearing bleeding from the vagina on your own. You can use folk recipes before visiting a gynecologist, for example, if the discharge began in the evening / at night or on a weekend. But still, in the near future it is necessary to visit a qualified specialist to solve this problem. You can also use folk recipes when the cause of the disease is found and conservative treatment is prescribed.

Combining folk remedies with medications will help you achieve an effective result faster. But you must inform your doctor about your self-medication. You can use the following recipes to combat bleeding:

1. Orange broth. To prepare it, you need the peel of 6 oranges. The pre-washed peel is poured into 1.5 liters of water and boiled until a final volume of 500 ml of liquid is obtained. Take such a solution of 50 ml three times a day, it is possible with the addition of sugar.
2. 1 tbsp. l. Pour yarrow with a glass of boiling water and simmer over low heat for 10 minutes. Drink the broth should be 1/3 cup 3 times a day.
3. 1 tbsp pour a glass of boiling water over the shepherd's purse and insist in a thermos for at least an hour. It is better to take the remedy before meals, 1 tbsp. 3 times a day.
4. 3 tbsp Pour 400 ml of boiling water over dioecious nettle, leave to cool, then drain. Take 100 ml before meals 3-4 times a day.
5. 1 tbsp finely chopped herbs of water pepper, pour a glass of boiling water and leave for about an hour. It is necessary to use this remedy for 1 tbsp. 3 times a day.
6. 1 tsp Horsetail herbs pour a glass of boiling water, insist until cooled to room temperature, then strain and take 1 tbsp. three times a day.
7. Powder from grape leaves helps well with bloody discharge from the uterus. At one time, you will need 2-4 g of the product, the frequency of receptions is 3-4 times a day.
8. 3 tbsp pour 200 ml of boiling water over clover flowers, leave for a few minutes and drink such an infusion as tea, 4-5 times a day.
9. 4 tablespoons pour 400 ml of boiling water over raspberry leaves, insist, drain. Take 100 ml of infusion 4 times a day.
10. 3-4 tsp boil mountaineer with a glass of boiling water in a thermos and leave overnight or soak in a steam bath for at least half an hour. Take 50-100 ml 3-4 times a day before meals.
11. 1 tbsp St. John's wort pour 200 ml of boiling water, simmer over low heat for 5 minutes, then leave for another 15 minutes. Then drain the broth and take 1/3 cup three times a day.

With minor uterine bleeding, you can independently use the following pharmaceutical preparations:

• Vitamin C. Ascorbic acid will help stop bleeding when taken in a daily dose of at least 1 gram.
• Vitamin K. 3 tablets of the drug, taken in one day, will help reduce bleeding from the vagina.
• Dicinon. The drug increases blood clotting and strengthens the walls of blood vessels. It is recommended to take 1 tablet 3 times a day.

But nevertheless, within 2-3 days it was possible to independently stop uterine bleeding at home, then you should not neglect a visit to the doctor. If such a symptom occurs, this is a signal that the body needs treatment, and you should not hope that it will go away on its own. Timely treatment will help maintain health and prevent unwanted consequences.

Is the discharge of blood from the uterus. Most often, it is a serious symptom of diseases of the female body. Any uterine bleeding should be diagnosed on time, and the woman should be provided with medical assistance. Ignoring such a symptom leads to serious consequences, up to and including death. It is important to know that normal uterine bleeding includes only menstruation, the duration of which is up to 5 days, with stable breaks, 28 days long. All other bleeding is pathological and requires medical supervision.

According to statistics, uterine bleeding, which is of a pathological nature, in 25% of cases is associated with organic diseases of this organ or ovaries. The remaining 75% are associated with hormonal disorders and diseases of the genital area.

Menstruation (menstruation) is the only physiologically normal type of uterine bleeding. It usually lasts from three to five days, and the interval between periods (menstrual cycle) normally lasts from 21 to 35 days. Most often, the first couple of days of menstruation are not abundant, the next two are intensified and at the end they again become scarce; blood loss these days should be no more than 80 ml. Otherwise, iron deficiency anemia develops.

In healthy women, menstruation is painless. In case of pain, weakness, and a woman should consult a doctor.

The onset of menstruation usually occurs at the age of 11-15 and lasts until the end of the reproductive period (menopause). During pregnancy and breastfeeding, menstruation is absent, but this is temporary.

It is important to remember that the early appearance of spotting in girls (up to 10 years old), as well as in women after menopause (45–55 years old), is an alarming sign of serious illness.

Sometimes spotting in the middle of the cycle (on the 10-15th day after the end) can become a variant of the norm. They are caused by hormonal fluctuations after ovulation: the walls of the uterine vessels become excessively permeable, so vaginal discharge may have blood impurities. Such discharge should not last more than two days. Sometimes the inflammatory process becomes the cause of bloody discharge, so a woman should definitely consult a gynecologist.

A variant of the norm is also implantation bleeding that occurs as a result of the introduction of the embryo into the uterine wall. This process takes place one week after conception.

Why are uterine bleeding dangerous?

Uterine bleeding has the ability to build up quickly, does not stop for a long time and is difficult to stop.

Therefore, depending on what type of bleeding a woman has, it can be dangerous with consequences such as:

With moderate but regular blood loss, varying degrees of severity can develop. It begins if the volume of the released blood is 80 ml. Although in such conditions there is no direct threat to a woman's life, however, this process cannot be ignored.

Large blood loss can be caused by heavy bleeding at once, which is difficult to stop. Most often, surgery is required, with the replacement of lost blood and removal of the uterus.

The danger of progression of the underlying disease. In this case, we are talking about small blood loss, which the woman does not pay attention to and does not go for medical help. At the same time, even a small amount of blood loss can ultimately lead either to profuse bleeding, or to the fact that the disease that caused it will turn into a neglected form.

The danger of bleeding in pregnant women or in women in the postpartum period is that it can end in shock. The intensity and severity of this condition is due to the fact that the uterus is not able to fully contract and stop blood loss on its own.

There are many reasons that can cause uterine bleeding. In order to systematize them, it should be understood that the blood loss caused can be a disruption in the organ systems, as well as disorders in the genital area.

Extragenital causes of uterine bleeding, that is, those caused by disorders in the functioning of non-sexual organs include:

Diseases of the hematopoietic system are: hemophilia, low levels of vitamin C and K, etc.

Prolapse of the urethra.

Disorders in the activity of the cardiovascular system, for example, etc.

Decreased functionality.

The causes of uterine bleeding are genital, in turn, may be associated with a woman carrying a child.

During pregnancy, the following causes of bleeding from the uterus are distinguished:

Ectopic pregnancy.

Pathology of the ovum.

The presence of a scar on the uterus.

Placenta previa, its low location or early detachment.

Various processes of destruction of uterine tissues.

Rupture of the uterus during labor.

Injury to the birth canal (vagina or vulva).

Infringement or delay of the departed placenta.

Enometritis.

Trophablastic disease.

C-section.

Chorionepitheloma.

Genital bleeding can occur in a woman who is not carrying a child. Their causes include:

Dyscirculatory bleeding, which, in turn, can be climateric, reproductive and juvenile.

Chronic fatigue syndrome, especially when exacerbated by fasting and wasting of the body, can also cause bleeding.

Severe hormonal disorders occur during puberty of a girl, during pregnancy and after childbirth, after abortion.

Sometimes a hereditary predisposition and the use of certain hormonal pills can affect.

Prolonged bleeding can develop against the background of medical abortion, which has recently been gaining momentum.

For the treatment of bleeding caused by hormonal disruptions, an individual approach is required. It will depend on the cause that caused the bloody discharge from the uterus.

Uterine bleeding after cesarean

After a caesarean section, the woman should be under medical supervision. Most often, bleeding lasts a little longer than after a natural birth. This is due to the fact that it forms on the uterus, which makes it difficult for it to contract. Normally, bleeding stops completely after a couple of months. If it continues, then the woman needs to report this problem to the doctor.

The cause of pathological bleeding after the operation is most often hemostasis. Therefore, to eliminate this problem, doctors must carefully but thoroughly scrape the walls of the uterus. If the bleeding cannot be stopped, its extirpation is required.

If the bleeding is hypotonic, then it is not always possible to stop it, since it occurs after the uterus begins to contract. Profuse blood loss can lead to hypotonic shock. It is necessary to replenish blood supplies by transfusion and manual examination of the uterus in order to detect possible remnants of the placenta, to determine the contractile function of the uterus and to establish the existing rupture.

A critical measure that doctors take to keep a woman alive is the removal of the uterus. This method is used if the bleeding after cesarean section cannot be stopped by other means (electrical stimulation of the uterus, vascular ligation, administration of uterotonics).

Types of pathological uterine bleeding

Gynecologists subdivide uterine bleeding into many types. But there are those that are most common:

Juvenile bleeding. Are characteristic of the onset of puberty in a girl. They can be triggered by a number of factors, for example, frequent illnesses, increased physical activity, poor diet, etc. Depending on the amount of blood lost, such bleeding can lead to anemia of varying severity.

About profuse uterine bleeding should be spoken if it is not accompanied by pain. In this case, the amount of fluid lost may vary. There are many reasons, it can be a past abortion, and vaginal infections, and taking hormone-containing drugs, etc.

Acyclic bleeding characterized by the fact that it appears in the intervals between menstrual cycles. It can be caused by myoma, endometriosis and other pathologies. If acyclic bleeding is observed regularly, then a doctor's consultation is necessary. Although this type is not always a symptom of any pathology.

Anovulatory bleeding is typical for women who have entered the period of menopause and for adolescents undergoing puberty. It is caused by the fact that the maturation of follicles and the production of progesterone are disrupted, in the absence of ovulation. This species is dangerous because, without treatment, it can provoke the development of malignant tumors.

Dysfunctional occurs when the work of the ovaries is disrupted. A distinctive feature is that it occurs after menstruation has been absent for a long time, and blood loss with it is profuse.

Hypotonic bleeding occurs due to low tone of the myometrium, after an abortion, etc., most often appears after childbirth.

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding includes those associated with a disruption in the production of sex hormones produced by the endocrine glands. They can appear at almost any age, both during puberty and during menopause, and in the reproductive period of a woman's life. This pathology is widespread.

This type of bleeding is expressed by the fact that the period of menstruation lengthens, and the amount of lost fluid increases. Without treatment, it always leads to the development of anemia. The main feature is a prolonged absence of menstruation, sometimes up to six months, and then the onset of bleeding, which has varying strength.

Dysfunctional bleeding can be ovulatory (concern women of reproductive age) and anovulatory (more common in adolescents and premenopausal women). Cycle disturbances in this case are expressed in abundant and irregular menstruation, with long (more than 35 days) and short-term (less than 21 days) intervals, in the absence of menstruation for more than six months.

The tactics of treatment depend on the age of the patient and on the presence of concomitant pathology. It can be both medical and surgical. However, in adolescence, surgery is resorted to only in emergency cases. Conservative therapy consists of taking hormones. If left untreated, dysfunctional uterine bleeding can lead to miscarriages, chronic anemias, endometrial cancer, shock and even death.

Atonic uterine bleeding

Atonic bleeding is characterized by the fact that it is formed when the uterus becomes unable to contract. The lack of contractility in obstetric practice is called Couveler's uterus. A characteristic feature of atonic bleeding is zero tone and a similar response to the administration of uterotonics.

When it is not possible to stop bleeding with the help of specialized drugs, a thick suture is applied to the posterior lip of the cervix, and clamps are additionally applied to clamp the uterine artery.

If these methods turned out to be ineffective, and the blood loss could not be stopped, then they are considered as preparation for the operation to remove the uterus. Mass blood loss is considered to be from 1200 ml. Before completely removing the uterus, attempts are made to ligate blood vessels using the Tsitsishvili method, electrical stimulation (this method is becoming less popular, and doctors are gradually abandoning it), acupuncture. It is important to continually replenish lost blood supplies.

This type is characterized by the fact that the tone of the myometrium decreases. Such bleeding occurs with a delay in the uterine cavity of the ovum, with the separation of the placenta, after its release. The reason lies in the uterus after childbirth, when contractions are rare and spontaneous. The critical degree of this condition is referred to as atony, when contractions are completely absent.

The tasks facing doctors in the first place are:

The earliest possible stop of bleeding.

Replenishment of the BCC deficit.

Avoiding blood loss of more than 1200 ml.

Tracking blood pressure and preventing it from falling to a critical level.

Treatment is aimed at restoring the motor function of the uterus as soon as possible. If there are remnants of the ovum, then it must be removed either by hand or with a curette. When hypotonic bleeding occurs after childbirth, it is necessary to squeeze out the placenta as soon as possible, if it does not work, then it is removed manually. Most often, it is the removal of the placenta that helps restore the motor function of the uterus. If necessary, gently massage her on her fist.

The administration of pituitrin or oxytocin is indicated as medicines. In some cases, it is effective to apply a bladder containing ice to the abdomen or irritate the uterus with ether. For this purpose, a moistened tampon is inserted into the posterior fornix of the vagina. If hypotension does not lend itself to the indicated therapy, then measures are taken that are characteristic of uterine atony.

Acyclic uterine bleeding

Acyclic uterine bleeding is called metrorrhagia. It is not associated with the normal menstrual cycle, characterized by the complete absence of any periodicity.

This condition can occur suddenly and be associated with a woman's pregnancy, with an incomplete abortion, with placenta previa, with the development of an ectopic pregnancy, delayed part of the placenta, etc.

Acyclic bleeding, if a woman is not carrying a child, can be observed in pathologies such as uterine fibroids, benign tumors. If the tumor is malignant, then metrorrhagia is observed at the stage of its decay.

It is not possible to describe the degree of intensity of blood loss, since the discharge can be smearing, abundant, with and without admixtures of blood clots.

It is important to pay close attention to acyclic bleeding for women in menopause, both at the initial stage and several years later, after the cessation of constant menstruation. In no case should they be perceived as renewed ovulation. Metrorrhagias in this period require careful study, since they are often signs of a malignant process, for example,.

Breakthrough uterine bleeding

Breakthrough uterine bleeding develops against a background of hormonal disorders. They are characterized by an imbalance between estrogen and progesterone. Sometimes bleeding of this type occurs against the background of a woman taking oral contraceptives. In this case, breakthrough bleeding is an adaptation response to the drug. If, after taking the prescribed medication, bleeding occurs that does not correspond to the menstrual cycle, then you should consult your doctor about adjusting the dose or changing the agent.

Breakthrough bleeding can also be observed when the uterine wall is damaged by the spiral. This cannot be ignored, the spiral must be immediately removed.

Most often, blood loss during breakthrough bleeding is insignificant, however, a visit to the doctor should not be postponed.

Anovulatory uterine bleeding

These bleeding occurs in the interval between menstruation, their causes are varied, including they may be a manifestation of a disease. Most often, anovulatory bleeding is prolonged in time, lasts more than 10 days, and is acyclic in nature. Women suffer such blood loss either during the extinction of the reproductive function, or during its formation.

This bleeding is also called single-phase, during its opening, the corpus luteum does not form, the development of the follicle occurs with disturbances, there is no ovulation.

This bleeding can be hyperestrogenic when the follicle matures but does not rupture and hypoestrogenic when several follicles mature but do not fully mature.

Rarely, but anovular uterine bleeding is observed during the reproductive period of a woman's life. Similar phenomena are associated with disturbances in the work of the hypophosotropic zone, after the postponed, poisoning, infections.

Among adolescents, according to statistics, this type of bleeding occurs quite often. Such violations account for up to 12% of all gynecological diseases. In this case, the decisive factor can be inappropriate nutrition, mental trauma, physiological overload.

Dyscirculatory uterine bleeding

The occurrence of discirculatory uterine bleeding is caused by dysfunction of the ovaries. Sometimes external factors such as past viral infections, stress, etc. are the impetus. Blood loss is not great, it is observed after menstruation has been absent for a long time.

Often, women observe the presence of clots in uterine bleeding. Most often, doctors explain their appearance by the fact that the uterus, during intrauterine development, has undergone certain anomalies. Therefore, the blood stagnates in its cavity, forming clots.

Most often, menstruation causes more pronounced discomfort in such women, especially when they occur with an increased hormonal background. Sometimes it is such a congenital anomaly that can cause increased bleeding and the presence of numerous clots in the discharge.

In addition to the fact that abnormalities are congenital, they can be acquired during life. Such phenomena are associated with the professional characteristics of women and with the abuse of bad habits. Often, during menstruation with blood clots, women experience severe cutting pains. In order to exclude the presence of a pathological process, it is important to seek advice from a gynecologist.

Sometimes hormonal abnormalities can also lead to the formation of clots. To clarify the reason, you need to pass a number of tests, including for thyroid hormones, and for adrenal hormones, to investigate the level of progesterone and estrogen.

The presence of clots, severe pain in the lower abdomen, profuse bleeding during menstruation, acyclic mini-bleeding - all this most often indicates endometriosis. Such a diagnosis is established after a thorough diagnosis and requires appropriate treatment.

Sometimes the cause can be poor blood clotting and some complications that have arisen after childbirth.

Uterine bleeding during pregnancy

The most common causes of uterine bleeding during pregnancy are miscarriage, uterine disease, ectopic pregnancy and damage to the placenta.

A miscarriage is accompanied by severe cramping pains in the lower abdomen, bleeding is intense, the color of the blood is from bright scarlet to dark. With an ectopic pregnancy, bleeding is accompanied by a deterioration in the general condition, malaise, nausea, sweating, etc. The blood is dark in color, usually clotted.

Damage to the blood vessels of the cervix during pregnancy can occur during intercourse or pelvic exam. This bleeding is usually not profuse or prolonged.

If the placenta is damaged or previa, uterine bleeding may occur in the second or third trimester. The bleeding is usually very severe. It poses a serious threat to the life and health of the expectant mother and her child.

It should be remembered that uterine bleeding in pregnant women is very dangerous, so a woman should definitely call a medical team that will provide her with urgent help.

First aid for uterine bleeding is to call an ambulance as soon as possible. This is especially true in the case when a woman is carrying a child, her blood loss is profuse, and her condition deteriorates sharply. In this case, every minute counts. If it is not possible to call a medical team, then it is necessary to deliver the woman to the hospital on their own.

Any uterine bleeding is a serious threat to life and health, so the reaction must be appropriate.

In case of dysfunctional bleeding, it is strictly forbidden to apply a hot or warm heating pad to the abdomen, douche with any formulations, take a bath, use drugs that promote uterine contraction.

Independently, at home until the arrival of an ambulance, a woman can be helped as follows:

The woman should be put to bed, preferably on her back, and her legs should be placed on some kind of elevation. To do this, you can put a pillow or blanket roller. Thus, it will be possible to preserve the patient's consciousness, especially if the blood loss is impressive.

Something cold must be applied to the stomach. If you don't have a heating pad at hand, you can wrap the ice in a regular cloth. You can replace the ice with an ordinary bottle filled with cold water. Cold exposure time - up to 15 minutes, then a break of 5 minutes. This will help to achieve vasoconstriction, which means that bleeding will be somewhat reduced.

The woman needs to be watered. Since it is not possible to put a dropper at home, it is necessary to offer the patient an abundant drink. Plain water and sweet tea will do. This will contribute to the loss of fluid along with blood, glucose will provide nutrition to the nerve cells of the brain.

Taking medications should be treated with extreme caution, especially if a woman is carrying a child. Before taking them, it is imperative to consult a doctor, but sometimes it happens that such an opportunity is absent. Therefore, it is necessary to know the names of the haemostatic agents and their minimum dosage. These include Vikasol (taken 3 times a day, at a dosage of 0.015 g), ascorbic acid (maximum daily dose of 1 g), Dicion (taken 4 times a day, at a dosage of 0.25), calcium gluconate (1 tablet up to 4 times per day). It is important to remember before use that all medications have side effects.

How to stop uterine bleeding?

When an ambulance team arrives at the scene, its actions will be as follows:

A bubble containing ice is superimposed on the woman's belly.

If the bleeding is profuse, then the woman should be transported to the car on a stretcher.

Hospitalization of the patient with the transfer directly to a specialist.

The introduction of a solution of sulfate, with a threat or beginning of miscarriage. Or if a spontaneous abortion occurs, the woman is injected intravenously with calcium chloride and ascorbic acid diluted with glucose. Etamzilat may be injected.

Doctors in the hospital use hormonal drugs to stop bleeding, in the event that a woman has not yet given birth, she has no suspicion of a tumor. Hormonal drugs include Jeannine Regulon, etc. On the first day they give an increased dose (up to 6 tablets), on the following days one tablet less, bringing to 1 piece. Sometimes progestogens are used, but it can be used only in the absence of severe anemia.

Hemostatic agents, for example, Dicinon, Vikasol, Ascorutin, Aminocaproic acid, can also be used.

Sometimes surgery is used, such as curettage of the uterus (an effective method of stopping blood loss), cryodestruction (a method without contraindications), laser removal of the endometrium (used in those women who do not plan to have children anymore).

Treatment of uterine bleeding largely depends on its causes and the patient's age.

Adolescents are most often prescribed drugs that reduce the uterus, drugs that stop blood and strengthen the walls of blood vessels. Also recommended reception, herbal medicine, less often - hormonal drugs that regulate the menstrual cycle. Women of reproductive age are prescribed hormonal drugs, sometimes surgery is performed (for fibroids, endometriosis of the uterus, etc.) appendages.

In treatment, it is most important to diagnose the causes of bleeding in time, so sick women should seek medical help without delay.

Education: Diploma in Obstetrics and Gynecology was obtained at the Russian State Medical University of the Federal Agency for Healthcare and Social Development (2010). In 2013 completed postgraduate studies at N.N. N.I. Pirogova.

Bleeding occurs when the integrity of the vessels is violated. It can be both external, when blood enters the surface of the skin from the wound, and internal, when it is poured out into the body. The main causes of this pathological condition are trauma, as well as diseases of various organs (malignant tumor) or blood clotting disorders ().

Types and reasons

With rapid blood loss, the amount of blood circulating in the body decreases. At the same time, the supply of oxygen to tissues, primarily the brain, kidneys and liver, suffers. If the blood loss is not so significant, but continues for a long time (for example, with heavy or heavy menstruation), a person develops. Blood loss is most dangerous in children and elderly people.

The consequences of blood loss also depend on the size of the injured vessel. When small arteries and capillaries are injured, blood clots quickly form in them, and blood flow stops on its own. If a large artery is damaged, the flow of blood is very strong, which within a few minutes can cause the death of the victim.

When different vessels are damaged, one of the forms of bleeding occurs:

• capillary;
• venous;
• mixed;
• arterial.

Capillary bleeding is not intense, blood is released over the entire surface of the lesion. With venous, it forms a uniform stream of cherry color. Artery injury is manifested by a strong beating stream of scarlet blood, pulsating in accordance with the contractions of the heart. With mixed damage, signs of both arterial and venous blood loss are visible.

The discharge of blood from the mouth can accompany the following processes:

• bleeding from the lungs with or tuberculosis (scarlet foaming blood);
• gastric bleeding with an ulcer or or esophagus (vomiting of blood or clots, often similar to coffee grounds).

Blood when urinating is a sign of diseases of the urinary system.

Internal bleeding can be assumed on the basis of a deterioration in the victim's well-being. With the accumulation of blood in the abdominal cavity, a frequent weak pulse, pallor, thirst, drowsiness, and fainting appear. complements these signs with bleeding into the pleural cavity. With the accumulation of blood in the cranium, signs of compression of the brain appear - loss of consciousness, respiratory failure, and others.

First aid

If the bleeding from the wound does not stop, you need to see a doctor urgently. The same applies to cases of trauma to the abdomen, chest or head, where damage to organs inside the body is possible.

External bleeding

For minor bleeding from a small wound, a sterile cotton and gauze bandage should be applied to the limb in several layers. From above it should be well secured with a bandage or adhesive plaster. However, care must be taken that the bandage does not pinch intact vessels, and that the limb below the place where the bandage is applied does not turn blue.

If there is intense bleeding from an arterial vessel, the dressing will not be able to stop it. You need to try to find the point above the wound, where the arterial pulse is felt, and press it with your fingers or fist with force. The bleeding stops almost completely.

However, even the strongest person will not be able to squeeze an artery for more than 15 minutes. That is why, immediately after pressing the vessel, one should look for other opportunities to help the victim. For this, a hemostatic tourniquet is used. It can be replaced with improvised means - a tie, a scarf, and so on, but not with a wire. These fabric strips are tightened with some hard object, such as a stick, and the twist is reinforced with a separate bandage.

In case of damage to the leg below the knee, a tourniquet is applied to the thigh, in case of injury to the arm below the elbow - at the level of the upper or lower part of the shoulder. A tourniquet is not placed in the middle of the shoulder, because nerves pass close to the skin here. They can be easily injured.

The limb is wrapped in a soft cloth or clothing without folds. The tourniquet is brought under the limb, taken by the end and middle and stretched, and then wrapped around the thigh or shoulder until the bleeding stops. The turnover should gradually weaken. They need to be done next to each other so that the fabric between them is not impaired. The tourniquet should not be overtightened.

A note is placed under it, where the hour and minute are indicated when the tourniquet was applied. It can remain on the human body in a warm room for up to 2 hours, and in winter - no more than an hour and a half. If the victim has not yet been taken to the hospital, it is necessary to release the tension for a while. The first helper presses the artery above the injury site, and the second slowly loosens the tourniquet for 5 minutes, after which it again applies it above the previous site, but as close to the source of blood loss as possible.

To stop bleeding with injuries of the extremities is sometimes obtained with their increased flexion. When a hand or forearm is injured, a roll of cotton and gauze or fabric is placed in the elbow fold, the limb is bent and the shoulder and forearm are pulled to each other using a bandage or belt. If the shoulder is injured in the upper part or the area under the collarbone, both hands are brought behind the back and pulled by the elbows. In case of injuries of the foot and lower leg, the roller is placed under the knee, the limb is bent and the thigh and lower leg are pulled to each other. Finally, if the thigh is injured, the roller is placed in the groin area, the thigh is flexed and pulled to the body.

The affected limb is raised and urgently sought medical help.

Other types of bleeding

If blood appears from the respiratory tract, vagina, oral cavity, you must immediately call an ambulance. These conditions can be life threatening. First aid measures:

• bleeding from the lungs and hemoptysis: sit the patient reclining, place a heating pad with cold water or ice on the chest, advise not to move or talk;
• gastric bleeding: complete rest, cold on the abdomen;
• : rest, plenty of drink.

• to seat the patient reclining;
• insert a gauze pad moistened with hydrogen peroxide into the nostrils;
• put a handkerchief moistened with water on the bridge of the nose;
• if ineffective, you can apply cold to the back of the head.

You cannot tilt your head back, because in this case, blood can enter the pharynx, giving the impression of stopping the bleeding.

If home measures are ineffective, you should call an ambulance.

After stopping the discharge of blood from the nose, the sick person needs rest. It is not recommended for him to make sharp bends, eat hot food, blow his nose. In case of repeated bleeding, you should consult a doctor, as they often accompany severe diseases of the internal organs or the blood system.

Which doctor to contact

With the development of bleeding, it is necessary to urgently consult a surgeon, since blood loss can be stopped only after the treatment and suturing of the wound or surgery on the internal organs. With prolonged bleeding, you may need to consult a specialized specialist: pulmonologist, ENT doctor, gastroenterologist, gynecologist, proctologist, urologist or oncologist.

Pediatrician E.O. Komarovsky talks about emergency care for nosebleeds: