People quite often suffer from inflammatory processes in the nasal cavity caused by viral, bacterial or even fungal activity. Usually the situation does not go beyond a runny nose. However, adverse circumstances and some factors (such as hypothermia) contribute to the development of complications - for example, paranasal sinuses are affected and some type of sinusitis develops.

Most often, inflammation occurs in the maxillary and frontal sinuses, as a result of which sinusitis and frontal sinusitis begin. About how these diseases manifest themselves, how they differ and what should be done if there are suspicions of their development, you need to talk in more detail.

For proper treatment, it is important to distinguish sinusitis from frontal sinusitis.

Statistics say that approximately 20 percent of all diseases that the modern population suffers from are represented by sinusitis.

Frontitis and sinusitis among them are found, respectively, in 4 and 12 percent of cases.

The symptoms of these ailments largely coincide:

• poor health;
• lack of concentration;
• swelling of the face (specifically, cheeks);
• deterioration of the sense of smell;
• development of temperature fever;
• pain sensations, giving in front and behind;
• cracks near the nasal passages;
• the presence of nasal secretions.

How is one of these inflammations different from the other? In the inflammatory process in the maxillary sinuses:

• at night, mucus accumulates in the nasopharynx;
• nasal passages are laid;
• rhinitis develops;
• the upper jaw hurts, as well as the upper side of the cheeks;
• dryness is felt in the oral cavity;
• when breathing, an unpleasant odor is emitted.

With frontal pain, it hurts a lot in the area of ​​​​the eyebrows

If the frontal sinuses are inflamed:

• In the region of the eyebrows, as well as in the lower part of the forehead, pains are felt that have a paroxysmal character.
• When a person is standing, mucus is intensely secreted from the nose, which has a yellow-green color. When he lies, he suffers from a slight runny nose.
• Lacrimation develops.
• Eyes painfully react to light.
• The upper eyelids are red and swollen.

You should not make a diagnosis yourself - this is the prerogative of a qualified otolaryngologist. But observing the above signs, you can suspect the development of one (or two at once) of these inflammations, after which you need to see a doctor.

The likelihood of complications

Both sinusitis and sinusitis most often begin due to the negative effects of viruses or pathogenic bacteria.

Usually, the inflammatory process begins after a common cold or any other acute respiratory viral infection. However, allergic reactions, traumatized frontal sinuses, caries (improper dental treatment) and measles cannot be ruled out as a stimulating factor.

Moreover, the matter may not stop at the inflammation of the maxillary and frontal sinuses. Often the disease is complicated by damage to the visual organs, auditory tubes and even the brain.

Diagnostics

To begin the treatment of the described diseases, they must first be diagnosed according to the symptoms.

A blood test allows you to understand the nature of the inflammatory process

The doctor sees the overall clinical picture by examining the patient, and, in addition, may prescribe additional examinations:

• Blood test- in order to determine the culprit of the disease, the leukocyte formula is studied. This will make it possible to understand, for example, what is the nature of the inflammatory process: if it is bacterial, then it must be treated with antibiotics.
• x-ray- helps to determine the area of ​​​​the lesion (in the picture it is a darkened area).
• CT scan- quite accurately determines exactly where the infection was localized, allows the doctor to get acquainted with the anatomical specifics of the sinuses.

Be prepared to also undergo rhinoscopy, thermography, ultrasound, punctures and some other research options.

Allergy tests help diagnose an illness in cases where an allergy was its source.

Healing process

The treatment of sinusitis and frontal sinusitis must be approached with all responsibility. Sinusitis usually does not go away on its own. The treatment course is prescribed by a doctor, and not independently.

Conservative therapeutic methods usually involve:

• washing;
• taking antibacterial agents;
• undergoing physiotherapy procedures;
• getting rid of symptoms;
• antihistamines.

Washing helps with sinusitis and frontal sinusitis

However, sometimes these methods are not as effective as we would like. In such a case, methods that are considered more radical are used:

• Classic maxillary sinusectomy- involves the use of anesthesia, since open access to those sinuses that are inflamed is necessary. The main disadvantage of this procedure is a long recovery, swelling and the likelihood of damage to healthy tissue.
• Laser maxillary sinusectomy- in essence, a classic operation, in which, however, there is less likelihood of trauma to the tissue. And it doesn't take long to recover.
• Endoscopic maxillary sinusectomy- the presented method is considered optimal. Mucous membranes are practically not injured, recovery occurs relatively quickly, swelling is not pronounced, and general anesthesia is not needed. The procedure is usually performed on an outpatient basis.

Laser sinusitis is used to treat sinusitis

When frontitis is treated, first of all, they seek to eliminate the cause of the inflammatory process and normalize air exchange, the localization of which is the frontal sinuses.

If the course of the disease is not complicated in any way, vasoconstrictor and antiallergic drugs are needed. Physiotherapy and antibiotic drugs can also help (only if, of course, the bacterial nature of the disease is confirmed).

But if nothing sensible can be achieved by all these methods, washing will be needed.

Purulent inflammation can be treated through surgery. Most often, they resort to trepanopuncture, which is performed using local anesthesia. Before this procedure is carried out, an x-ray is taken with contrast (this allows you to determine which points can serve as the best access to the affected foci).

X-rays are usually taken before surgery.

To conduct drainage, an appropriate hole is made (for this purpose, a long needle with adjustable sizes is used). Then it is necessary to insert a plastic conductor into the puncture to pass the cannula into the frontal sinus. The cannula is fixed with adhesive plaster and left for several days (but not more than five, so that the tissues then quickly recover).

True, the treatment of frontal sinusitis and sinusitis through trepanopuncture is contraindicated for those who suffer from meningitis, thrombophlebitis, cranial osteomyelitis, or suffer from purulent abscesses. In general, there may be other contraindications - this is decided by the doctor.

Main differences

Naturally, the symptoms of sinusitis and frontal sinusitis differ in many ways. Even the localization of inflammation is different:

• With sinusitis, the upper jaws and the area below the eyes are affected.
• With frontal sinusitis, any of the sinuses is affected, the location of which is the frontal region.

From the very beginning of the development of sinusitis, there is discharge from the nose

But the differences associated with immediate symptoms:

• The nature of pain. With frontal inflammation, the forehead hurts the most and just above the bridge of the nose. One-sided character implies the dominance of pain on one side. In the case of inflamed maxillary sinuses, the cheekbones, the nose on the sides hurt, and subsequently the pain goes to the temple. Inflammation of the frontal sinuses involves pain with any movement of the head. If the maxillary sinuses are inflamed, a feeling of heaviness appears, one has only to tilt the head.
• Nasal discharge. In the case of frontal sinusitis, the nose is initially stuffy (due to swelling) and, therefore, there is no mucus secretion, but sinusitis involves transparent mucus at the very beginning and its acquisition of a yellowish tint later (since pus accumulates).
• External puffiness. If a person is sick with frontal sinusitis, the upper eyelid, forehead and area above the eyebrows swell. Maxillary inflammation is associated with swelling of the lower eyelid and lower eye area.

If you study the symptoms of sinusitis, you should know that pain in sinusitis is often confused with dental pain (as a result of which they mistakenly turn to the dentist), but frontal sinusitis can at first be confused with ordinary migraine.

What is the difference between these diseases? When the frontal sinuses become inflamed:

• Photophobia develops, that is, it is difficult to look at any light source. The fact is that the eyeballs are located close to the frontal sinus.
• An aching pain appears, one has only to tap the knuckles on the forehead a little.
• The pain becomes stronger if you press on the area above the eyebrows.

Symptoms of frontal sinusitis may differ from frontal sinusitis and other types of sinusitis as follows:

• Pain becomes more intense if you tilt your head or turn your torso.
• The voice changes and becomes nasal.
• The transition of the inflammatory process to the area of ​​the ethmoid sinuses negatively affects appetite.

But it is important not to confuse, because maxillary inflammation can be the cause of periodontal disease, caries, improperly placed fillings and other dental problems.

In general, the doctor should find out the initial cause by examining the patient for this and, if necessary, getting acquainted with the results of the examinations.

Pain in the maxillary region can be caused by dental problems

Similarity of symptoms

The similarity of the symptoms of frontal sinusitis and sinusitis (as a result of which an accurate diagnosis is needed before starting treatment) must also be said.

• Narrowing of the vessels and the development of puffiness, because of which the purulent secret cannot come out and accumulates, the nerve endings are irritated, and the cavities are bursting.
• Active reproduction of bacteria is associated with intense intoxication, as a result of which the temperature rises, appetite decreases, lethargy and migraine appear. If the course of the disease is mild, the intoxication syndrome is not particularly pronounced, and it can be mistaken for a common malaise.
• Breathing is difficult and mucus is secreted. Ventilation is broken, which gives rise to a lot of other problems.

Which disease is worse?

Which of the described diseases is worse? The course of frontal sinusitis is considered more severe, since pus accumulates in the frontal sinuses and practically does not come out. The likelihood of complications associated with damage to parts of the brain increases.

But these diseases are treated in approximately the same way:

• physiotherapy;
• warming up;
• punctures and so on.

Can the symptoms of frontal sinusitis and sinusitis be observed in a patient at the same time? Quite. The combined inflammation of the maxillary and frontal sinuses directly leads to the development of an inflammatory process in the frontal sinus. Accordingly, it will be much more difficult to deal with this problem.

Advanced diseases are a high probability of complications that are dangerous not only for health, but also for life. This can be affected by:

• respiratory organs;
• gastrointestinal system;
• brain and organs of vision.

The course of frontitis is considered more severe

So, when you get sick, you should not think that “everything will work itself out” - thinking so, you are embarking on a road leading to negative results.

In addition, it should be noted that these diseases are very prone to relapse, that is, they easily develop again soon after recovery, if the rules for their prevention are not followed.

Prevention

Separately, we should talk about the prevention of all types of sinusitis, including sinusitis or frontal sinusitis. Of course, it is better to prevent the disease or stop it at the first stage than to spend time and energy on fighting it later.

Here are a few rules, the observance of which reduces the likelihood of developing the described ailments:

• Do not overcool: dress warmly, if it gets cold, do not sit in drafts.
• Observe the normal mode of rest and work. Sleep at least 8 hours every night.
• Exercise regularly, but do not overexert yourself.
• Breathe more fresh air.

To keep your immune system strong, you need to sleep at least 8 hours a day.

As soon as the first suspicions of any of these inflammations appear, immediately contact an otolaryngologist so that he can accurately diagnose and prescribe the appropriate treatment. In this case, the likelihood of subsequent complications is significantly reduced.

What is Frontitis (acute frontal sinusitis)

Frontit- inflammation of the frontal paranasal sinus. With this disease, the inflammatory process develops in the mucous membrane lining the frontal sinus.

What provokes Frontitis (acute frontal sinusitis)

The cause of acute frontitis is an infection (bacterial, viral, fungal), penetrating into the sinuses from the nose with acute rhinitis (rhinitis). Most often, acute sinusitis develops as a complication against the background of influenza and SARS, as well as some infectious diseases (scarlet fever, diphtheria, etc.). Among other causes, injuries of the nose and paranasal sinuses are important.

Frontitis symptoms (acute frontal sinusitis)

There are acute and chronic frontitis. Acute frontal sinusitis often occurs with influenza, rhinitis, measles, and can develop with trauma to the frontal bone, especially in the area of ​​the fronto-nasal canal. Due to the development of mucosal edema and obstruction of the fronto-nasal canal, inflammation progresses rapidly. The transition of an acute process into a chronic one is facilitated by insufficient drainage of the frontal sinus, which is often observed with hypertrophy of the anterior end of the middle turbinate and a strong curvature of the nasal septum. It is important to reduce the body's resistance. Chronic sinusitis, as a rule, is accompanied by damage to others near the nasal (paranasal) sinuses.

At acute frontitis there are sharp pains in the forehead, aggravated by pressure or tapping on the anterior wall of the frontal sinus and the upper wall of the orbit in the region of the medial angle of the eye, headache of another localization, pain in the eyes, photophobia, lacrimation, difficulty in nasal breathing, profuse (initially serous, then serous-purulent) odorless discharge from the corresponding half of the nose. Body temperature rises to 38-39 °, but may be subfebrile. Often there is swelling of the soft tissues, especially at the medial corner of the eye. With anterior rhinoscopy, a mucopurulent discharge is found under the middle shell. The anterior end of the middle shell is swollen, the mucous membrane is hyperemic.

Clinical picture chronic frontitis less pronounced than acute. The headache is aching or pressing in nature, often localized in the area of ​​the affected sinus. In the case of difficult outflow of exudate and increased pressure inside the sinus, the pain intensifies, with pressure on the upper wall of the orbit and at its inner corner it is sharp. Discharge from the nose, of a purulent nature, is especially profuse in the morning and often has an unpleasant odor; often during sleep, discharge flows into the nasopharynx, so in the morning the patient expectorates a large amount of sputum. With rhinoscopy, discharge from the frontal sinus can best be detected in the morning when the patient moves to a vertical position, because. pus accumulated overnight in the sinus drains more easily into the middle nasal passage. The mucous membrane of the anterior end of the middle turbinate in chronic frontal sinusitis. hyperemic and edematous.

Frontitis (usually chronic) can be complicated by the transition of the inflammatory process to the anterior bone wall of the frontal sinus, followed by its necrosis, sequestration and fistula formation. Less commonly, the process extends to the lower wall of the frontal sinus, causing purulent inflammation of the tissues of the orbit, involvement of the posterior wall in the process leads to intracranial complications - extradural abscess, brain abscess or meningitis. Sepsis may develop.

Complications: the inflammatory process can spread to the areas adjacent to the maxillary sinus - the orbit and skull, causing intraorbital (edema of the eyelids and orbital tissue, eyelid abscess, orbital phlegmon) and intracranial (meningitis, brain abscesses) complications.

Diagnosis of Frontitis (acute frontal sinusitis)

Diagnosis of frontal sinusitis establish relatively easily on subjective and objective grounds. X-ray examination of the frontal sinuses allows us to judge their shape, the presence of exudate in them, swelling of the mucous membrane. Differential diagnosis is carried out with neuralgia of the first branch of the trigeminal nerve, inflammation of other paranasal sinuses.

Treatment of Frontitis (acute frontal sinusitis)

Frontitis treatment: conservative, carried out in the ENT hospital.

To reduce swelling of the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity and improve the outflow of the pathological contents of the frontal sinus, vasoconstrictor nasal drops are used: Naphthyzin, Galazolin, Oxymetazoline, Sanorin, Tizin, Farmazolin. One of these drugs is instilled 2-3 drops in each half of the nose 3-4 times a day.

After instillation of vasoconstrictor drops, it is possible to irrigate the nasal cavity with one of the aerosols: Bioparox, Kameton, Proposol.

In acute frontal sinusitis, antibiotics are prescribed for 7-10 days, the choice of the drug depends on its tolerance and the severity of the disease. The following drugs are most often used: Augmentin, Flemoxin Solutab, Sumamed, Sporidex (cephalexin), Rovamycin, Ampiox, Duracef, Cefazolin, ceftriaxone - intramuscularly, Cifran.

In parallel with antibiotics, one of the antihistamines is used: Suprastin, Dimedrol, Diazolin, Tavegil - 1 tablet 2 to 3 times a day, for 7-10 days. These drugs reduce swelling of the nasal mucosa.

To liquefy a thick purulent secret, ACC-long (600 mg) is used, 1 tab. 1 time per day, the drug contributes to an easier release of pus from the sinuses.

In complex treatment, homeopathic preparations (Cinnabsin, Sinupret) are also used, they help reduce inflammation in the sinuses, swelling, and pain. The drugs can also be used independently, in the presence of an allergy to other medicines, or with a milder course of the disease.

A good effect is given by washing the nasal cavity by the movement method - “cuckoo”. For washing, solutions with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects are used - a solution of chlorophyllipt, furacillin, etc.

Surgical intervention- puncture of the frontal sinus, carried out with the ineffectiveness of conservative treatment, as well as in the presence of pus in the sinus and severe headaches, i.e. when the outflow of the contents of the sinus through the natural fistula is disturbed.

Forecast in the case of an uncomplicated course with timely and proper treatment, it is favorable.

Which doctors should you contact if you have Frontitis (acute frontal sinusitis)

Otolaryngologist

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Under the influence of viruses, bacteria and fungi, inflammation occurs in the nasal cavity, in most cases limited to a runny nose. However, under adverse circumstances, hypothermia or inadequate care, complications develop in the form of damage to the paranasal sinuses. This group of diseases is called sinusitis: sinusitis, frontal sinusitis, sphenoiditis and ethmoiditis. Most often, the maxillary and frontal sinuses become inflamed. Here we will talk about them.

Symptoms of diseases

The share of sinusitis in general accounts for about 20% of the annual diseases of the population, of which 4% belong to frontal sinusitis, and 10-12% to sinusitis.

An interesting fact: inflammation of the frontal sinuses is more often diagnosed in young men than in women, but the reason for such a “love” of the disease for the noses of gentlemen is still not clear.

In many ways, the signs of sinusitis and frontal sinusitis are similar:

However, there are other characteristic symptoms suggestive of sinusitis:

• accumulation of mucus in the nasopharynx at night;
• back rhinitis;
• nasal congestion;
• pain syndrome, more spreading to the upper jaw and upper cheek area;
• dry mouth;
• bad breath from the mouth and nose.

Or frontitis:

Although for an ordinary person who does not have medical knowledge, a runny nose remains a runny nose, knowing the symptoms of frontal sinusitis and sinusitis will help you orient yourself in time and seek the help of an ENT doctor.

Causes of sinusitis

The vast majority of sinusitis and sinusitis are caused by viral and bacterial diseases. The trigger for inflammation can be a common cold, flu, other SARS, and even measles. A number of cases on the conscience of allergic, including seasonal, manifestations. Often, sinusitis occurs due to injuries, especially the frontal sinuses, and foreign objects entering the nasal cavity. The cause of sinusitis can be "unfinished" caries or accidental ingress of filling material into the root canals.

Most often, the infection in the sinuses is secondary and is the result of a neglected cold or viral illness with passive “non-treatment” or, on the contrary, active self-therapy with all improvised means.

Both are dangerous, since rhinitis may not be limited to the transition to sinusitis or frontal sinusitis, but go further and provoke inflammation of the meninges, damage to the eyes and auditory tubes.

Diagnostic methods

In addition to the clinical picture and the patient's complaints, there are several additional examination options in the hands of specialists. Laboratory methods include a general blood test, which allows you to determine the culprit of the disease by the leukocyte formula. Knowledge of this radically affects the tactics of treatment, since antibiotics for frontal sinusitis and sinusitis are necessary only with a bacterial origin of the disease. Viral diseases are not amenable to antibiotic therapy.

Blood test

Instrumental methods of examination are represented, first of all, by radiography, which displays the affected area in the picture as a darkening, and computed tomography, which allows to determine the location of the infection and the anatomical features of the sinuses with high accuracy.

Among other options, other additional methods are used:

• rhinoscopy;
• endoscopy;
• diaphanoscopy;
• ultrasound examination of the paranasal sinuses;
• thermography;
• immunological analysis;
• diagnostic puncture;
• bacteriological examination of mucus.

If an allergy has become a provoking factor of the infection, appropriate allergy tests are carried out.

Treatment methods

Sinusitis is by no means a mild inflammation that can go away on its own without consequences. Therefore, in principle, we cannot talk about the treatment of frontal sinusitis and sinusitis at home.

To eliminate inflammation of the maxillary sinuses conservative therapy is used in the form of:

If sparing methods do not have a pronounced effect or have an insufficient effect for recovery, resort to radical methods.

1. Classic sinusectomy. It is performed under local or general anesthesia and consists in open access to the affected sinuses. The procedure is well studied, performed everywhere. Among the shortcomings, one can single out a long recovery period, a high risk of damage to healthy tissues, and swelling after the intervention.
2. Laser maxillary sinusectomy. By the type of access, it is similar to the classical operation, however, the risk of tissue trauma is reduced, as is the recovery period.
3. Endoscopic maxillary sinusectomy. To date, it is the best way to radically treat inflammation of the maxillary sinuses. Traumatization of healthy mucous membranes is minimal, the recovery period is shortened, swelling is mild or absent. In addition, such an intervention does not require general anesthesia and can be performed on an outpatient basis.

It is also possible to use a sinus catheter.

Regarding the front therapy is aimed at eliminating the cause of inflammation and ensuring air exchange in the frontal sinuses. It is also divided into conservative and radical methods. With an uncomplicated course of the disease, they resort to the help of vasoconstrictor and antiallergic drugs, physiotherapy, antibiotics when a bacterial infection is confirmed. If these measures do not help, sinus lavage is connected, including by the method of movement, which is popularly referred to as the "cuckoo".

Washing with the cuckoo method

In the case when the disease is neglected, has passed into the purulent stage and is not affected by conservative methods, it remains to resort to surgery.

One of the most effective ways to evacuate the contents of the sinuses with frontal sinusitis is trepanopuncture.

This procedure is most often performed under local anesthesia. Before the intervention, a mandatory x-ray with contrast is performed, as a result of which special marks are applied to the patient's forehead for the best access.

A hole for subsequent drainage is made with a long special needle, the dimensions of which are adjustable, or with a drill. A rigid plastic conductor is inserted into the puncture, through which it is inserted into the frontal sinus. cannula- an elastic needle with a round end made of stainless metal or high-quality plastic, necessary for washing the sinuses and delivering drugs to the site of inflammation. This device is carefully fixed with adhesive plasters on the patient's forehead and left for several days for regular procedures until the disease "loses ground". This period should not exceed 5 days from the moment of puncture, since a longer stay of the drainage structure in the sinus can adversely affect tissue repair.

Trepanopuncture is contraindicated:

• with meningitis;
• with osteomyelitis of the bones of the skull;
• with purulent abscesses;
• with thrombophlebitis.

The list of contraindications may include other diseases that can adversely affect the outcome of therapy or the health of the patient during treatment. It is determined strictly individually by the attending physician.

Treatment of frontal sinusitis and sinusitis is the prerogative of otolaryngologists. Attempts to get rid of inflammation with your own hands often lead to a deterioration in the condition and the transformation of an acute illness into a chronic disease. If you suspect inflammation of the frontal, maxillary or other sinuses, you should definitely see an ENT specialist.

Frontit(frontal sinusitis) - inflammation of the frontal paranasal sinus. For the past decade, sinusitis (inflammation of the sinuses) has been considered one of the most common diseases in the world. Today they affect about 10-15% of the population. One tenth of patients with sinusitis is diagnosed with acute or chronic frontal sinusitis. Over the past 5 years, the incidence of sinusitis has tripled and continues to increase. In Russia, the number of people suffering from manifestations of frontal sinusitis reaches 1 million people a year. Among those hospitalized, there are more males, and among those who are treated on an outpatient basis, women are more common.

Anatomy of the frontal sinuses

Adjacent to the nasal cavity are the paranasal sinuses:

• two maxillary (maxillary)
• two frontal
• two lattice labyrinths
• one wedge-shaped (main)

These are small cavities in the bones of the skull that open into the nasal passages. Normally, the sinuses contain air. They perform a number of important functions:

• humidify and warm the inhaled air
• make the bones of the skull lighter
• isolate the roots of teeth and eyeballs from temperature fluctuations
• act as a buffer for facial injuries
• act as a vocal resonator

In humans, there are two frontal sinuses in the frontal bone. They are shaped like a pyramid with the base down. The pyramid is divided into two parts by a bony septum.

There are four walls of the frontal sinus:

1. lower (orbital)- the thinnest
2. anterior- strongest and thickest
3. rear- separates the sinus from the cranial fossa
4. internal, she is a partition- divides the cavity into right and left halves

The size of the frontal sinus can vary greatly from person to person. Its volume is from 3 to 5 cm. And in 10% of people it may be completely absent. Heredity plays a big role in this.

The frontal sinus (like the rest of the sinuses) is lined from the inside with a mucous membrane, which is a continuation of the nasal mucosa. But it is much thinner and does not contain cavernous tissue. The sinus is connected to the nasal cavity by a narrow convoluted tubule, which opens with a small opening in the anterior part of the nasal passage.

Causes of frontitis

Frontitis causes inflammation of the mucous membrane that lines the sinus. The causes of frontal sinusitis can be varied, often the form and severity of the disease depends on them.

Infection

Most often, frontal sinusitis occurs as a result of infection from the nasal cavity. In this case, inflammation can occur in parallel in the maxillary and frontal sinuses. In this case, the patient is diagnosed with sinusitis and frontal sinusitis. The cause of the disease can be influenza, SARS, diphtheria, scarlet fever.

The most common causative agents of viral frontal sinusitis are:

• adenoviruses
• coronaviruses
• rhinoviruses
• respiratory syncytial viruses

Bacterial sinusitis is caused by:

• Streptococcus pneumoniae
• haemophilus influenzae
• Pyogenes
• Staphylococcus aureus

Frontitis in children is caused by the bacterium M.catarrhalis. In this case, the disease proceeds relatively easily.

The cause of inflammation of the frontal sinus can also be a fungal infection. In some cases, infection with bacteria and fungi can occur through the blood (hematogenous). This happens if there are foci of infection in the human body: carious teeth, abscesses.

Allergy

Bronchial asthma and prolonged allergic rhinitis (vasomotor rhinitis) cause inflammation and swelling of the mucosa. At the same time, the opening is blocked, which ensures the exit of fluid from the frontal sinus.

nasal polyps

Nasal polyps are benign, round-shaped formations that result from the degeneration of the mucous membrane. At the same time, there is swelling of the mucosa, difficulty breathing, and the outflow from the nasal sinuses is blocked.

Injuries of the nose and paranasal sinuses

Inflammation can be the result of trauma to the bones of the skull. A bruise causes tissue swelling and disruption of normal blood circulation in the nasal mucosa and paranasal sinuses.

Deviated septum and turbinate hypertrophy

The curvature can be a congenital anomaly, the result of trauma or previous diseases. A deviated septum can also interfere with the free flow of mucus and germs from the sinuses.

Foreign bodies

Prolonged stay of foreign bodies in the nasal passages causes inflammation that spreads to the nasal cavity and sinuses. Especially often small objects (beads, designer parts) cause frontal sinusitis in children.

Symptoms and signs of frontitis

Frontitis is a serious disease that is more severe than other forms of sinusitis. According to the nature of the flow, two forms of frontal sinusitis are divided: acute and chronic. Each of them has its own characteristics and characteristics.

Acute sinusitis

In the acute form of the disease, the following complaints occur:

• sharp pains in the forehead, aggravated by tapping or pressing on the anterior wall of the frontal sinus (forehead area above the bridge of the nose)
• discomfort in the area of ​​​​the inner corner of the eye
• eye pain, lacrimation, photophobia
• nasal congestion and difficulty in breathing
• copious discharge from the nose, at first clear, mucous, may eventually turn into purulent
• with right-sided or left-sided frontal discharge from the corresponding half of the nose;
• swelling of the face, especially at the inner corner of the eye
• may change the color of the skin over the sinus
• an increase in temperature to 39 °, but in some cases the temperature may be low;
• feeling of weakness, weakness as a result of general intoxication of the body
• ENT examination reveals mucopurulent discharge, redness and swelling of the nasal mucosa

Pain in acute frontal sinusitis is cyclical. During periods when the outflow of mucus from the frontal sinus is disturbed, the pain intensifies. Such stagnation causes deterioration in the morning hours. The pain becomes severe, gives to the eye, temple, and the corresponding half of the head. After the sinus is freed from the contents, the pain subsides.

Chronic sinusitis

Acute frontal sinusitis passes into the chronic stage 4-8 weeks after the onset of the disease. This can happen as a result of improperly selected treatment or complete disregard for the manifestations of the disease.

Symptoms of chronic frontal sinusitis are somewhat less pronounced than acute:

• aching or pressing pain in the frontal sinus, which is aggravated by tapping
• sharp pain in the inner corner of the eye when pressed
• copious purulent discharge from the nose in the morning, having an unpleasant odor
• a large amount of purulent sputum in the morning

The fact that the symptoms have become weaker does not mean that there has been an improvement. On the contrary, chronic sinusitis can lead to serious consequences and life-threatening complications.

Diagnosis of frontal sinusitis

An experienced otolaryngologist (ENT) will quickly make the correct diagnosis based on the patient's complaints. Additional studies are needed to clarify the severity of the disease and the correct selection of the treatment regimen. The main research methods are described below.

Type of diagnostics	Purpose of diagnosis	How is it made
Collection of anamnesis	Collect complaints, clarify symptoms, determine the cause and time of onset of the disease	The doctor asks questions about the course of the disease
Rhinoscopy	Determine the condition of the mucosa, swelling, thickening, the presence of polyps Determine what leaves the sinuses and where it drains	Nasal speculums (dilators) and nasopharyngeal speculum are used
Ultrasound of the paranasal sinuses	To identify the volume of inflammation and monitor the effectiveness of treatment	The study of the frontal sinuses is carried out with ultrasonic linear sensors with a frequency of 8 to 10 MHz. As a result, an image of the focus of inflammation appears on the monitor screen.
nasal endoscopy	Examine the condition of the mucous membrane in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses Identify structural features of the sinuses and nasal septum Determine what factors caused the disease	A thin, flexible tube with a microscopic camera is inserted into the sinus through the fronto-nasal canal. The image is displayed
Diaphanoscopy (transillumination)	Allows you to identify developmental anomalies and areas of inflammation	Translucence of the sinuses with a bright beam of light from the tube of the apparatus. Produced in a dark room
Thermal imaging (thermography)	Allows you to get a picture of the temperature in different parts of the body	The thermographic camera captures thermal radiation. Based on the results, you can determine where the hotter areas are. They are foci of inflammation.
X-ray of the sinuses	Determine the shape and condition of the frontal sinuses Determine the presence of inflammation and accumulation of mucus in them Detect swelling of the mucosa Determine inflammation in other paranasal sinuses	An x-ray is taken of the head
Bacteriological examination of secretions from the nasal cavity	Determine which microorganisms cause inflammation and their sensitivity to antibiotics and other drugs	During the examination, the doctor makes a smear. In the laboratory, a mucus sample is inoculated on nutrient media, the type of microorganism and the means for effectively combating it are determined.
Cytological examination of the contents of the nasal cavity	Determine which cells are present in the mucus. This is necessary in order to find the cause of the disease.	A sample of the contents of the nose is taken and examined under a microscope
Computed tomogram	One of the most informative and reliable methods. Allows you to determine the presence of inflammation, their stage, structural features of the bones of the skull	The study is carried out on a computer tomograph. The method is associated with the use of x-rays

Frontite types

There are several classifications of fronts. Let's consider them in more detail.

Classification according to the form of the course of the inflammatory process

Frontite type		Cause	Optimal Treatment Methods
Acute sinusitis	Violent headaches that are aggravated by tapping and pressure.	Injuries allergic rhinitis	Vasoconstrictor drops and sprays Antipyretics Painkillers
Chronic sinusitis	Aching or pressing pain Feeling of "fullness" caused by the accumulation of contents in the sinus Slight rise in temperature Severely difficult nasal breathing Loss of smell Abundant purulent discharge with an unpleasant odor Lots of mucus in the morning	Transferred influenza, acute rhinitis Prolonged course of acute frontal sinusitis or its recurrence Deviated septum Polyps in the nose Foreign body in the nasal passages Weakened immunity	Antibiotics Vasoconstrictor drops Decongestants homeopathic remedies Washing electrophoresis Expansion of the fronto-nasal canal Puncture of the frontal sinus

Classification by type of inflammatory process

Frontite type	Symptoms and external manifestations	Cause	Optimal Treatment Methods
Exudative frontal sinusitis
a) Catarrhal frontitis	Severe pain in the central part of the forehead, aggravated by pressure and bending the head Temperature rise up to 39°C Puffiness under the eyes	Occurs as a result of infection and inflammation in the nasal mucosa	Nasal lavage Vasoconstrictor drops Antibiotics for fever Preparations for the normalization of microflora Allergy Remedies
b) Purulent frontal sinusitis	Heat Severe headache in the fronto-temporal region Weakness Labored breathing Mucopurulent nasal discharge	Inflammation caused by bacteria Violation of the outflow of contents from the frontal sinus	Antibiotics Possible puncture with frontitis Anti-inflammatory and pain medications Decongestant drops
Productive frontal
Polyposis, cystic frontal sinusitis	Labored breathing Constant aching pain in the forehead Mucous discharge	Pathological growth of the mucous tissue lining the sinus. Cyst formation	Opening of the frontal sinus, removal of cysts and polyps
Parietal-hyperplastic frontitis caused by overgrowth of the mucous membrane of the sinuses	Labored breathing Aching pain in the center of the forehead Mucus discharge from the nose	bacterial infection Increased division of mucosal cells Specific immune response to inflammation	Antibacterial therapy Vasoconstrictor drops

Classification by process localization

Frontite type	Symptoms and external manifestations	Cause	Optimal Treatment Methods
One-sided frontal
left hand Right handed	Headache and mucopurulent discharge from one nostril Body temperature 37.3-39°С	Caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, allergens. It can also be the result of injuries and a decrease in local immunity.	The choice of treatment method depends on the cause of the disease. Use: antibiotics painkillers, anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, decongestants If treatment fails, then surgery may be needed for frontal sinusitis.
Bilateral Frontitis
Bilateral form	Pain occurs symmetrically on both sides. Can give to different parts of the head. Discharge from both nostrils.	The causes of inflammation are the same as with unilateral frontal sinusitis.	Medical treatment with appropriate drugs. Surgical treatments

Frontitis treatment

Folk methods of treatment of frontal sinusitis

Treatment of frontal sinusitis at home is allowed for mild forms of the disease. The treatment prescribed by the doctor can be supplemented with inhalations, ointments and warming agents. Alternative methods can help to cope with the disease more efficiently and quickly. However, it is necessary that the results of treatment are controlled by the ENT.

There is an indicator that this method of treatment suits you. If, after the procedure, tapping on the central region of the forehead does not cause pain, this means that the frontal sinus has been freed from mucous contents and microorganisms.

There is only one limitation: it must be remembered that in no case should you warm your forehead with purulent frontal sinusitis. This can lead to the spread of pus into the surrounding tissues.

Inhalations for the treatment of frontal sinusitis

1. Boil potatoes in their skins, drain the water. Mash the potatoes and breathe its steam over the pan. For greater effect, cover your head with a terry towel.
2. Brew chamomile flowers, add a few drops of tea tree or eucalyptus essential oil to the hot broth. Breathe the vapor over the mixture.
3. Bring one and a half liters of water to a boil, throw 7-10 bay leaves there. Make a small fire and breathe steam over the pan for five minutes.
4. Grind 4 cloves of garlic, add half a glass of apple cider vinegar and half a glass of boiling water. Breathe over the solution for 15 minutes, 3 times a day, covered with a towel. Add hot water as it cools.
5. Boil water in a saucepan and add a small amount of Asterisk balm or dry menthol to it. Remove from heat and breathe in the steam for five minutes, covering your head with a towel.

Solutions for washing the nose with frontal sinusitis

Washing is a mandatory procedure for any form of frontitis. In order for it to bring maximum benefit, before washing it is necessary to clear the nose and drip with vasoconstrictor drops (Nafthyzin, Farmazolin, Knoxprey). This will help open the gaps in the paranasal sinuses. Then you need to bend over the sink, while keeping your head straight.

Using a small rubber bulb or a special bottle, the liquid is poured under pressure into one nostril. The flushing solution, together with the mucus from the sinuses, is poured out of the other nostril. After this procedure, there is significant relief.

1. Grind one medium onion on a grater or in a blender and pour a glass of boiling water. When the mixture has cooled, dilute a teaspoon of honey in it. Strain and rinse the nose with this composition three to four times a day. This tool kills bacteria, helps relieve inflammation and increase local immunity. Not suitable for frontal sinusitis caused by an allergic reaction.


2. In one glass of warm boiled water, you need to dissolve one teaspoon of salt, a pinch of soda and three drops of tea tree oil. Use for washing 3-4 times a day. This composition disinfects the nasal cavity, has a strong antiviral and anti-inflammatory effect.


3. Prepare a decoction of chamomile flowers, it is a strong antiseptic and antimicrobial agent. Cool, strain and use for washing every two hours.


4. Dissolve in half a liter of warm boiled water a tablespoon of an alcohol solution of chlorophyllipt. It has an antibacterial effect and fights even those microorganisms that have developed resistance to antibiotics. The solution is used for washing 3-4 times a day.


5. It is also effective to rinse the nose with saline solution. You can make it yourself (one teaspoon of salt per liter of boiled water) or buy it ready-made in a pharmacy. Such a tool cleans well from mucus, microbes and allergens, without irritating the mucous membrane.

Drops for the treatment of frontitis

Traditional medicine for the treatment of frontal sinusitis and other sinusitis uses juices and decoctions of medicinal plants. In order for them to have the maximum effect, you must first clean it of the contents - blow your nose well and rinse with saline. After instillation, lie down for several minutes with your head thrown back so that the medicine is evenly distributed through the nasal passages.

1. Take a black radish, peel and grate. Squeeze out the juice and use for instillation 3-4 times a day. The juice contains a large amount of essential oils and helps to cleanse the sinuses of mucus.


2. Thoroughly wash the cyclamen tubers, chop them and squeeze the juice. It must be diluted with water (one part juice to four parts water) and strain well. At night, instill two drops in each nostril and massage the sinuses well. Cyclamen is considered a remedy that helps to defeat the disease at any stage.


3. Pick large leaves of Kalanchoe and hold for three days in the refrigerator. After that, grind them and squeeze out the juice with gauze. Dilute the liquid with water twice and instill into the nose 2-3 times a day. Kalanchoe contributes to the liquefaction of the contents of the nose and its rapid removal.


4. Put a small piece of propolis in the freezer for several hours. After that, it is quickly crushed in a mortar and poured with refined vegetable oil. Let it brew for three days in a dark place. The tool helps fight inflammation and soothes the nasal mucosa. Do not use for allergic rhinitis.


5. Take 10 g of chamomile flowers, 10 g of marsh cudweed, 15 g of St. John's wort. Brew the components separately with a glass of boiling water, cool and strain. Bury 5 drops in each nostril 3 times a day. This composition helps to relieve inflammation and open clogged frontal sinuses.


6. Mix equal parts of celandine juice and chamomile juice. Bury 1-2 drops in each nostril. Such a composition effectively fights frontal sinusitis caused by polyps.

Ointments for frontitis

1. Take 4 parts of lard and one part of kerosene. Mix and store in the refrigerator. Rub the ointment into the forehead and wings of the nose several times a day. You can insert cotton swabs soaked in this ointment into your nose. The procedure lasts 3 hours once a day. The product disinfects and dissolves adhesions.


2. In a water bath, melt the crushed laundry soap (1/2 piece), a teaspoon of vegetable oil, 70% alcohol, honey and milk. Cool and soak cotton flagella with ointment. Lay 3 times a day for 15 minutes. The course of treatment is two weeks. If necessary, repeat the course after 10 days. The ointment disinfects, cleanses and relieves inflammation.


3. Prepare an ointment from equal parts of honey, aloe juice, onion juice, cyclamen juice, Vishnevsky ointment. Mix all ingredients thoroughly until smooth and store in the refrigerator. The turundas soaked in ointment are placed in the nose for 30 minutes. The course of treatment is three weeks.


4. Crush the garlic clove and mix with an equal amount of butter. Store this ointment in the refrigerator and lubricate the forehead before going to bed. Phytoncides of garlic penetrate deeply into tissues and help get rid of the disease.

Clay cakes

For these purposes, medical white clay is suitable. It must be diluted with water or a decoction of chamomile to the consistency of a thick dough. The cake should be warm, about 1 cm thick. Apply such a compress in the evening, lying in bed, for two hours. Repeat 14 days.

It is worth noting that the treatment of frontitis with folk remedies should complement the measures prescribed by the doctor. This will protect against re-inflammation in the frontal sinus and the transition of the disease into a chronic form. At the first sign of allergy, it is worth canceling the use of traditional medicine and replacing them with others.

Dry heat treatment

1. Heat 3-5 tablespoons of sand or salt in a frying pan. Pour into a cloth bag and apply to the forehead in the area of ​​the frontal sinus. The duration of the procedure is 20-30 minutes.
2. Boil an egg and apply to the forehead. As long as it is too hot, it can be wrapped in a handkerchief. Keep until cool.
3. Wear a bandage of wool on your forehead. This heating can take several hours. After the procedure, it is important to avoid hypothermia on the street.

Only if the doctor has determined that the outflow from the sinus is not disturbed and there is no pus in it, warming procedures can be done. Otherwise, such measures can significantly worsen the patient's condition.

Medical treatment

When should you start taking antibiotics?

To the question "When should I take antibiotics for frontal sinusitis?" Only the attending physician can give an answer. With inflammation of the frontal sinuses caused by allergies or viruses, antibiotics will not help. They can only worsen the situation: lead to dysbacteriosis and lower immunity. Therefore, you can not take them on their own, without a doctor's prescription.

Indications for the use of antibiotics for frontal sinusitis are purulent discharge. They mean that bacteria have settled in the sinus. The doctor should take a sample of the discharge for laboratory analysis. With the help of this, it is possible to determine which microorganisms caused the inflammation and their sensitivity to antibiotics. This is the key to successful treatment. With chronic frontitis, such a procedure is required.

Indications for the use of antibiotics for frontal sinusitis are: severe general condition of the patient and severe headache, as well as if a more gentle treatment did not work.

What antibiotics are usually prescribed for frontal sinusitis?

In milder cases, topical agents are prescribed, a spray with antibiotics Bioparox, Isofra and Polydex drops. Antibiotics are also prescribed in the form of tablets Augmentin, Cefazolin, Ceftriaxone, Sporidex.
The most effective intramuscular or intravenous administration of antibiotics. If necessary, the antibiotic solution is injected directly into the frontal sinus through a hole made in the frontal bone.

In acute frontal sinusitis, broad-spectrum antibiotics are prescribed, for example, Sumamed 500 mg per day.
In the treatment of chronic frontal sinusitis, when the sensitivity of bacteria to antibiotics is determined necessarily, narrowly targeted agents are prescribed. If the cause is Haemophilus influenzae, then Ampicillin, Amoxiclav are prescribed.

Enter intramuscularly or intravenously in a daily dose of 200-400 mg. Against pneumococcus, tetracycline antibiotics are used: Abadox, Biocyclind, Medomycin, Doxacin, Doxilin, Extracycline, Isodox, Lampodox. The daily dose for adults is 0.2 g.

The course of antibiotic treatment should be at least 7-10 days.

What other drugs are taken to treat frontal sinusitis?

Often, antiallergic drugs are prescribed in parallel: Suprastin, Tavegil, Diazolin, Diphenhydramine. They relieve allergies and reduce swelling of the nose.

In the case when it is necessary to remove thick pus from the frontal sinus, ACC-long (600 mg) is prescribed, 1 tablet 1 time per day.

To maintain the intestinal microflora, probiotics are taken: Lactobacterin, Probiovit, Bifikol, Lineks. They help maintain a balance of beneficial microorganisms and support immunity.

Homeopathic remedies. Sinuforte - has an anti-inflammatory effect and promotes the opening and ventilation of the sinuses. Cinnabsin - facilitates nasal breathing, relieves swelling, improves immunity. Sinupret - liquefies the thick contents of the sinuses, relieves inflammation.

To fight infection without antibiotics, sulfanilamide drugs Sulfadimezin, Norsulfazol, Etazol are also used.

To reduce the headache prescribed: Analgin, Amidopyrin, Nurofen.

Physiotherapy procedures

In the clinic or in the hospital, the cuckoo procedure is used to wash the nose. As a result of such washing with furacilin or another solution of drugs, it is possible to clean the sinuses well.

To speed up recovery, the following physiotherapeutic procedures are prescribed: electrophoresis with 2% potassium iodide, laser therapy, solux, UHF therapy. They are aimed at warming the frontal cavity, ensuring the free outflow of its contents, relieving inflammation, and improving blood circulation.

When is a puncture made with frontitis?

A puncture with a frontal sinus or a puncture of the frontal sinus is prescribed only if it is not possible to alleviate the patient's condition with the help of medications.

Pus in the sinus, severe headaches and lack of outflow, cysts in the sinus cavity - these are signs that indicate the need for a puncture with frontal sinusitis.

In preparation for a puncture, the most important stage is an x-ray study of the structure of the frontal sinuses. This is necessary to accurately determine the puncture site with frontal sinusitis.

There are several techniques for piercing:

• through the lower thin wall of the frontal sinus (through the nasal cavity)
• through the anterior wall of the frontal sinus (through the forehead)

The procedure is performed under local anesthesia (novocaine with the addition of adrenaline, lidocaine). In order to make a hole, a special needle or a special device is used - a trephine. After that, a needle is fixed in the hole, with the help of which the contents of the frontal sinus are removed, lavages and the introduction of therapeutic agents are performed. After the procedure, the wound is tamponed, the skin is sutured. Often, drainage is fixed in the hole. This is necessary for washing and removing the contents of the sinus. After 5 days, the drainage is removed.

Complications with frontitis

With improper treatment, it is possible to develop more serious complications with frontal sinusitis:

• The inflammatory process can spread to neighboring paranasal sinuses. This leads to the occurrence of sinusitis, ethmoiditis, sphenoiditis
• Intraorbital complications (edema of the eyelids and orbital tissue, orbital phlegmon, eyelid abscess)
• Intracranial complications (meningitis, brain abscesses)
• In severe cases, blood poisoning is possible - sepsis

Prevention of frontal sinusitis

Among preventive measures, special attention is paid to the timely and adequate treatment of colds. They are the main cause of frontitis.

It is also necessary to take care of strengthening the immune system and hardening the body, avoid hypothermia and lead an active lifestyle. Compliance with these simple recommendations is the key to your health.

What is the difference between frontal sinusitis, sinusitis, ethmoiditis, sphenoiditis, sinusitis?

Sinusitis- general term. It means inflammation of any paranasal sinuses (another name for sinuses is sinuses). Sinusitis- inflammation of the maxillary, or maxillary sinuses. Ethmoiditis- inflammation lattice labyrinth(cells of the ethmoid bone). Sphenoiditis- inflammation in the sphenoid sinus. The symptoms of these two diseases can be very similar, which sometimes makes it difficult to diagnose the disease.

At neuralgia of the first branch of the trigeminal nerve disturbed by headache attacks, there is pain when pressed in the area of ​​​​the eyebrow, where the specified branch of the nerve goes to the face.

What is this procedure - "cuckoo"?

"Cuckoo" - a method of washing the nose, developed by the American physician Arthur Proetz. It is used for frontal sinusitis, ethmoiditis, sinusitis.

During the procedure, the patient lies on a couch with their head hanging down and tilted back by about 45°. A warm antiseptic solution is poured into one nostril, and it is pumped out through the other along with pus. In the nose of the patient, as it were, a "bubbling stream" is created.

While washing the nose, the patient must constantly say: “cuckoo”, due to which the method got its name. During the pronunciation of these syllables, the soft palate is pressed against the back of the throat, which closes the communication between the nose and throat.

Due to the constant flow of antiseptic and the pronunciation of the syllables "ku-ku", negative pressure is created in the nasal cavity. Pus and other pathological contents come out of the paranasal sinuses into the nasal cavity.

Typically, washing continues for 10-15 minutes. It can be carried out in a clinic or hospital setting. After the procedure, it is not recommended to go outside for 30 minutes in the warm season, and for 1-2 hours in the cold season.

Possible complications of the procedure:

• sneezing due to irritation of the nasal mucosa;
• nose bleed;
• slight headache;
• burning in the nose;
• redness of the eyes.

The very concept of acute sinusitis, the symptoms and treatment of this disease and its prevention are quite familiar to both doctors and people who are not related to medicine. And this is not surprising, because this disease is widespread and represents one of the most urgent problems of otolaryngology.

It is believed that annually about 10 million Russians suffer from this pathology with a peak incidence in autumn and winter.

Acute sinusitis in children is more common than in adults and takes the second place in the structure of ENT diseases. Moreover, the younger the child, the more severe the disease will be.

Causes of acute bacterial and viral sinusitis

Depending on the type of the affected sinus, sinusitis is distinguished in the form of sinusitis, frontal sinusitis, sphenoiditis and ethmoiditis.

With sinusitis, the process is localized in the maxillary, and with frontal sinusitis, in the frontal sinus. These are the two most common types of sinusitis due to the proximity of the sinuses to the nasal passages. Of these two forms, acute frontal sinusitis ranks second in terms of occurrence, while it is considered the leader.

Complications and diagnosis of acute sinusitis

Complications characterizing acute sinusitis can be divided into orbital and intracranial. The first occur when the ethmoid labyrinth and the frontal sinus are damaged, as a result of which the inflammation moves to the orbit. Ultimately, a phlegmon or abscess is formed.

Intracranial complications arise as a result of the movement of pathogenic microbes into the cranium. In this case, the inflammatory process can be both local and diffuse. Clinically, this is expressed by abscesses, arachnoiditis.

The symptoms observed in this disease help in the diagnosis of acute sinusitis. In addition, doctors traditionally rely on laboratory data.

Of the physical methods, we can talk about acute sinusitis, signs detected during rhinoscopy (anterior, middle or posterior). And instrumental methods usually come down to radiography and diagnostic puncture.

How to treat acute sinusitis: antibiotics and other drugs

The decision on how to treat acute sinusitis should be made by a medical specialist. Usually, the therapy of this disease is aimed at eliminating inflammation and fighting infection. In addition, it is very important to establish a normal outflow of sinus contents. Taking into account the severity of the process, the doctor may suggest either drug or non-drug treatment.

The latter includes puncture, which is perhaps the most effective method of quickly getting rid of purulent contents. This procedure allows you to eliminate the infectious focus at the local level with the help of antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drugs.

Drug treatment that helps to defeat acute sinusitis involves the use of drops, sprays and aerosols with vasoconstrictors. The most famous of them are Naphazoline and Oxymetazoline.

You can also take vasoconstrictor drugs by mouth. For example, Pseudoephedrine or Phenylephrine. To avoid allergies, it is better to combine them with Loratadine or other antihistamines. Antibiotics very well eliminate acute sinusitis, of which Bioparox, which includes fusafungin, is the most popular.

When choosing an antibacterial drug, attention should be paid to its activity in relation to certain groups of microbes and the ability to resist the pathogen.

Generally, mild cases do not require antibiotics. It is prescribed only if there is no improvement after 10 days of illness or if the condition worsens.

Moderate illness is best treated with Amoxicillin.

In the case of a severe course of the disease, this drug is enhanced with clavulanic acid. Ceftriaxone, cefuroxime, and other cephalosporins may also be used.

How to treat acute sinusitis during pregnancy

The main method of treating the described disease in pregnant women is the use of vasoconstrictors. They help eliminate swelling of the mucous membrane, thereby restoring breathing through the nose and improving the general condition.

If acute sinusitis during pregnancy occurs with a rise in temperature, then it is necessary to use antipyretics, but you should not self-medicate, but you need to take only the drug that the doctor prescribes.

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