Herpes on the eyes is the result of random circumstances. You can bring it in only if hygiene is not observed, and also if you have a bad habit: if your eyelids are dry, rub your finger moistened with your own saliva when there is an active virus in the mucous membrane.

The routes of infection are almost always contact, with the exception of severe internal herpes. With this type of virus, its discharge with mucous membranes, tears, and coughing is possible.

How does a virus affect the eye?

The symptoms of herpes on the eyelids have an unflattering appearance, which appears as a result of the action of a simple type of virus. It gets into the eyes when the infection spreads from bursting blisters on the body. Failure to follow simple rules leads to a rash on the eyelids.

Recurrence of the rash usually occurs on the skin of the face, where there is increased moisture. On dry skin, the virus is more difficult to take root. Lips have such a favorable environment, and a bubble is formed there more often, which is popularly called a cold. Over time, the infected fluid leaves the area of ​​​​inflammation and a situation is formed when infection of surrounding and healthy skin areas can occur.

Eye herpes is most relevant in children due to inattentive attitude to hand hygiene. Since the infection is able to survive in the air for a long time, infection becomes possible through household items, towels, sheets. Therefore, it is always recommended to use only your personal hygiene items.

To partially remove eye symptoms, use drops with an antiviral agent and ointment for the eyelids around. Treatment is aimed only at the complete elimination of external manifestations.

Internal herpes hides deep in the nerve cell of the spine, it is impossible to kill it. With the activation of the recurrent form, there is a shift in the area of ​​inflammation to the area of ​​the lips.

How does the virus behave in different forms of infection?

4 types of herpes can be accidentally brought into the eyes:

• cytomegalovirus;
• simple types: the first type and having rashes in the genital area;
• shingles.

These conditions should be treated immediately when the first symptoms are detected. Complications are observed on the cornea of ​​the eye. Untreated keratitis is able to spread inside the organ, after which it is useless to treat the disease with drops - an operative method will be required. The advanced stages of the inflammatory process threaten with disturbances in the work of the eye or partial blindness.

Symptoms of herpes in the eye begin as a violent allergic reaction. The patient begins to use the appropriate drops. He carries out the treatment, not realizing the true nature of the origin of redness, at this stage, until specific bubbles form along the edge of the eyelids.

According to these neoplasms, the ophthalmologist determines the symptoms of herpes and, together with the dermatovenereologist, begins to treat the viral form of the disease. In order to prevent the advanced stages of the virus, it is important to consult a doctor in time at the first manifestations of inflammation in the eyes.

Treatment begins when the first symptoms of herpes are found in the eyes:

• blurred vision;
• feeling of sand in the eyeball;
• redness of the skin: eyelids, eyebrows;
• loss of clarity when changing day and night;
• pain with fully open eyelids;
• small blistering rash around the edge of the eyes.

The activity of herpes is accompanied by an increase in body temperature, a general decline in well-being, and nervousness. Redness of the eyes manifests itself with a decrease in the body's defenses; in a healthy person, the symptoms are less pronounced.

After the use of antiviral drugs, the malaise immediately recedes, so you can check the infectious nature of the disease.

Patients complain of periodic soreness to bright light and sudden onset convulsions of the visual organ.

With a relapse, a change in the tissues of the eye occurs. The initial moment of inflammation is characterized by damage to the cornea, sclera. In more advanced stages, if the virus is not treated, a negative effect on the deeper layers occurs: the optic nerve, retina. Cloudiness in the field of vision is formed in severe forms of the disease.

In the acute phase of exacerbation, herpes can provoke diseases of the visual organ:

• conjunctivitis;
• blepharoconjunctivitis;
• erosion effects on the cornea;
• keratitis, neuritis - effects on the optic nerve;
• inflammation of the choroid, uveitis;
• retinochoroiditis manifests itself as the appearance of a cloudy spot in the field of view;
• perivasculitis;
• pathological changes in the tissues of the retina and conjunctiva, episcleritis;
• serous retinopathy;
• the formation of blood accumulations in the retina.

From the consequences described above, it can be seen that a slight rash on the eyes in the future may end in an expensive operation. The symptoms of herpes should alert the sick person; as a preventive measure, you need to visit an ophthalmologist and a dermatovenereologist. According to the results of the examinations, an individual treatment will be selected.

Similar symptoms of inflammation of the visual organ do not make it possible to immediately draw the correct conclusion. Treatment should be chosen taking into account a complete examination of the body.

The ophthalmologist ascertains the cause of the problems of the visual organ as a result of the action of a herpetic infection. An examination is carried out using a slit lamp, specific changes in the cornea inherent in the effects of the virus are revealed. These manifestations include: erosion, vascular expansion, stagnation of blood.

Analysis for antibodies by the method of immunofluorescence reaction. As a biomaterial, a scraping is taken from the site of inflammation of the eye tissues. An examination is also carried out by the method of fluorescent antibodies. For diagnostics, a fluorescent microscope is used, which has an ultraviolet source in its composition.

For quantitative determination, enzyme immunoassay is used. Examination of the patient is carried out with an interval of 12 days. The number of IgM and IgG antibodies is counted. These indicators are used to control the period of inflammation.

A complete diagnosis during the period of malaise will help to avoid long-term treatment in case of damage to the visual organ. The latent carriage of herpes can appear in a few years, so constant monitoring is needed.

How to contain the virus and avoid inflammation of the visual organ?

Treatment of herpes is carried out in several directions with the simultaneous appointment of antiviral drugs and the maintenance of immunity. To reduce the effect of the virus on the eyes, anti-inflammatory drops are prescribed. Skin rashes are eliminated with local medicines.

Deep pathologies of the eye should be treated with an operative method, laser, neurotomy or keratoplasty. Ophthalmology eliminates the consequences of the influence of herpes, and the symptoms of the source of the disease are extinguished together with the immunologist. To eliminate residual effects, painkillers and against edema are used.

Among the effective drugs are:

• ointment vidarabine, acyclovir, panavir;
• drops: trifluorothymidine, oftan IDU;
• tablets: valtrex, florental, bonafton;
• immunostimulants: geneferon, interferons, valvir, interlock and reaferon.

It is necessary to treat herpes in front of the eyes together with a doctor, a neglected disease can have unpleasant consequences for health.

Ophthalmic herpes is the most dangerous form of manifestation of the herpes virus in the human body. The fact is that hitting the cornea of ​​​​the eye, it can lead to a rapid deterioration in vision. If you do not see a doctor in time, then it can penetrate into the deep tissues of the organ of vision, and this is fraught with loss of vision.

At the child near the eye

In general, our eyes are well protected from the effects of viral infections. A tear, constantly released from the eye, contains a sufficient amount of class A secretory immunoglobulins, mucosal cells, which, at the slightest attack of pathogens, begin to actively produce interferon, blocking their further spread.

So in what cases does herpes develop on the mucous membrane of the eye?

• First of all, infection occurs during a decrease in the level of protection of the body - immunity.
• Mechanical damage to any place of the visual organ.
• Pregnancy, when a woman's body is weakened ().
• after taking immunosuppressants.
• Subsequently transferred stresses.
• Hypothermia and colds.
• During overheating in the sun.
• Hormonal disorders and restructuring of the body.
• Transferred vaccinations, including.

Initially, you can become infected with the herpes virus on the eye by contacting the carrier of the disease and through the use of his things, since the virus enters the body through the mucous membrane of the oral cavity or subsequently through sexual contact. There is also a chance of catching the disease through the common use of dishes, towels or personal hygiene products.

There are two routes of infection:

1. Endogenous. The herpes virus on the eye enters the epithelium, multiplies and quickly spreads throughout the body using the circulatory and lymphatic systems. Once in the nerve endings and nodes, he remains there for life, being in sleep mode and waiting in the wings.
2. Exogenous. Herpetic vesicles immediately affect the mucous membrane of the organ of vision. This route of infection is especially common in children. Newborns can "get" the virus while passing through the birth canal of the mother, who.

It is worth mentioning that the disease is caused by two viruses. The first is the smallpox virus, which affects the eye. Another virus that causes herpes under the eye, affecting the cornea.

What happens when an eye infection occurs?

When the herpes virus enters the eye and its tissues, it begins to multiply rapidly, affecting the upper layer of the cornea. Having accumulated in sufficient quantities in keratocytes, the disease proceeds to damage the membrane. Destroying it, it comes out, infecting all the cells in the neighborhood. The latter, together with adjacent tissues, die and begin to peel off. Possible autoimmune infection.

clinical symptoms.

Expressed in:

• The eyeball and eyelid are too red.
• Profuse lachrymation.
• Sharp and sharp pain in the eyes and head.
• Sensation of a foreign body and pain.
• Objects are seen in a distorted form and a veil appears.

Ophthalmoherpes whose symptoms depend on the clinical form is characteristic:

1. With herpetic dermatitis of the eyelids - redness, bubbles with liquid appear, the skin burns, the temperature rises.
2. With herpetic conjunctivitis, a rash appears and the eyes turn red.
3. With herpetic keratitis, the level of sensitivity of the cornea decreases, there is a fear of light, abundant release of tears, bubbles with liquid form on the nerve fibers of the cornea.
4. With stromal keratitis, the vascular tract is affected, the iris is enlarged in size, intraocular pressure is increased, the eye disk is displaced.
5. With a herpetic corneal ulcer, there is no sharp pain.
6. With herpetic uveitis, the vitreous body becomes cloudy, the precipitates occupy a central location, a “blind spot” may appear.
7. In acute retinal necrosis - there is a possibility of losing vision later inflammatory processes in the eye.
8. With postherpetic trophic keratitis - the cornea of ​​the eye thickens, the sensitivity of the cornea is completely absent, vision is rapidly falling.
9. With herpes in children - the conjunctiva swells and a herpes rash is visible around the edges of the eye.

Diagnostics.

In the case of ophthalmic herpes, inflammatory processes in both adults and children have the same symptoms. This allows them to be identified and treated faster. To conduct an accurate diagnosis of the disease, it is necessary:

• Examine the skin of the eyelids, on which a herpetic rash can be detected.
• Check your eyesight, as during a viral infection it deteriorates significantly.
• Take a test to determine the limit of vision.
• Check corneal sensitivity. Often it is absent or reduced to a minimum.
• Explore the anterior and posterior sections of the eyeball.
• Examine the fundus to identify other infectious diseases.

These laboratory tests are mandatory, since it is sometimes very difficult to determine the infection by eye. Along with this, it is necessary to pass tests such as:

1. Scraping from the eye membrane to determine the presence of antibodies to the virus.
2. Complete blood count to determine the level of leukocytes and lymphocytes.
3. A smear from the shell of the eye and cornea. This analysis determines the DNA of the virus.

Complications of ophthalmic herpes.

Keratitis - caused by ophthalmic herpes

Complications that can develop after eye herpes are of particular danger to our body. There are two forms of complications:

1. Specific. This form of complication is caused by incorrect and neglected treatment. A viral infection, having overcome tissue barriers, enters the blood and lymph. This leads to damage to internal organs. Often it can be confused with a chronic disease. Ocular herpes can lead to a rapid deterioration in vision or its complete loss, clouding of the cornea and increased pressure inside the vision organ. Often accompanied by headache.
2. Nonspecific. It is characterized by the addition of an extraneous infection of a viral or bacterial type. Promotes the development of nerve atrophy, retinal detachment, inflammation of the veins of the eye, nerve neuritis.

Treatment and drugs.

Treatment of herpes on the eye depends on the clinical form of the disease and is prescribed strictly on the recommendation of an ophthalmologist. Treatment of a therapeutic nature involves the use of measures to prevent the reproduction of an infectious virus, its further spread. It is applied until the external manifestations completely disappear.

The most are:

1. Acyclovir.
2. Valaciclovir.
3. Cidofovir.

OFTAN-DIU has excellent antiviral qualities, which eliminates the infection and its manifestation. In order to relieve inflammation of the eyeball and remove the rash on the eyelid, drops such as Okoferon and Miramistin, Okomistin and Indocollir are used.

Effective result from physiotherapy. You can fight the disease with the help of drug electrophoresis using atropine, hydrocartisone and aloe extract. Due to its deep penetration, rapid healing of the tissues of the eye occurs.

In addition to drugs, you can additionally use:

• Means to strengthen the immune system.
• Antipyretic and analgesic drugs.
• Iodine. They lubricate the rash. It dries it well and speeds up the process of crust formation.
• Compresses. They are great for itching. Appointed on the recommendation of a specialist. Particularly suitable for children.

Some people rely on traditional medicine. However, remember that it cannot replace you with a full-fledged treatment of ophthalmic herpes with medications. Its role is rather auxiliary and is aimed at reducing pain, as well as at the speedy healing of wounds. Before using herbal decoctions, make sure that you are not allergic to any of the ingredients.

The most common are lungwort infusions, vitamin teas and decoctions of arnica flowers. Their dried extracts are diluted with hot water and used as lotions and compresses. Teas are respectively taken orally.

Prevention.

Recommendations from the company cycloferon.

To prevent the disease, you need to follow some simple rules:

1. First, wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water before touching your eyes.
2. If you wear contact lenses, then during the illness with the herpes virus, discard them altogether.
3. Do not try to tear off the bubbles when they form a crust.
4. Engage in increasing the protective function of the body - immunity. Try to lead a healthy lifestyle - eat well, exercise in accordance with age and health, and sleep at least 9 hours a day.
5. Try to limit contact with people who are potential carriers of the virus.
6. Do not use other people's cosmetics.
7. Do not abuse fizzy drinks - they provoke inflammation of ophthalmic herpes with their composition.
8. Eat more foods that contain lysine.

Thus, ophthalmic herpes is, although not a very common disease, but quite complex. After all, it affects the main and only organ of vision - the eyes. Having identified the first symptoms of the disease, it is necessary to consult a specialist in order to prevent its complications and spread to other vital organs.

Who said that curing herpes is difficult?

• Do you suffer from itching and burning in the places of rashes?
• The sight of blisters does not at all add to your self-confidence ...
• And somehow ashamed, especially if you suffer from genital herpes ...
• And for some reason, ointments and medicines recommended by doctors are not effective in your case ...
• In addition, constant relapses have already firmly entered your life ...
• And now you are ready to take advantage of any opportunity that will help you get rid of herpes!

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Herpetic infection enters the body through the mucous membranes and the opening of the wound. Therefore, it can affect the eyes, affecting the tissues of the conjunctiva, eyelids and other parts of the organs of vision. Eye herpes is known as ophthalmic herpes. In advanced cases, pathology leads to a decrease in vision up to complete loss. With eye herpes, symptoms and treatment are determined depending on the affected area, the severity of the disease, and the presence of concomitant complications.

Herpes on the eye develops most often against the background of infection of the body:

• herperovirus of the first type;
• Zoster virus (chickenpox).

Herpes under the eye, caused by infection with the Zoster virus, is detected mainly in children of younger preschool age. Less commonly, pathology occurs due to exposure to cytomegalovirus or HSV 2 (genital herpes).

The peculiarity of herperoviruses is that it "settles" in the human body forever. This applies equally to the situation when ophthalmic herpes develops.

The appearance of herpes on the eyelid of the eye is explained by the fact that the infection occurred precisely through this zone. A viral infection always manifests itself in the area through which it entered the body. The exception is cases of generalized lesions.

Eye damage with herpes lead to:

• contacts with carriers of infection;
• the use of household items that were previously touched by the carrier of the virus (for example, they used the same dishes);
• transfer of herpes virus from one part of the body to another.

If the virus enters the tissues, then the body produces interferon, which prevents the activity of the pathogenic agent. However, when immunity is poor, characteristic rashes appear and eye herpes develops.

The course of the disease causes many unpleasant symptoms. In particular, patients with such a pathology are concerned about the question of how to relieve swelling in herpes. In addition, when the virus appears on the cornea, keratitis (inflammation) provokes active lacrimation. The affected eye during a relapse or due to primary infection ceases to function and perceive information about the surrounding reality.

Provoking factors

If the causes of the development of herpes lie in external factors, then only internal processes can provoke a relapse of the disease. The consequences of the influence of herperoviruses on the body become noticeable against the background of weakened immunity. The inability of natural defense mechanisms to prevent the recurrence of the disease leads to the appearance of pathological symptoms.

Redness of the retina is considered to be a sign indicating the reactivation of the herperovirus. Similar phenomena occur when the pathology recurs, which occurs under the influence of the following factors:

• damage to the cavity of the mucous membrane of the eye;
• diseases of other organs (respiratory organs, liver, kidneys, and so on) of a chronic or acute nature;
• severe stress;
• long-term use of immunosuppressants and a number of other drugs;
• during pregnancy, hormonal changes in the body.

There are other factors, under the influence of which herpes of the eyes recurs. An important condition for the reactivation of the virus is the presence of a weakened immune system.

The course of the disease is accompanied by the appearance of vesicles on the eyelids and other parts. Because of them, the patient has a feeling of having a foreign body in the eye. To avoid recurrence of pathology, it is necessary to regularly carry out preventive measures.

These measures are aimed at getting rid of herpes. Prevention of the disease involves work on strengthening the immune system and timely treatment of comorbidities. In addition, the HSV vaccine for ocular herpes can prolong the duration of remission by 6 months.

The nature of the clinical picture depends on the form of ophthalmic herpes. At the same time, the diseased eye always turns red against the background of a relapse of the pathology.

Diagnosis of the herpes virus

Herpes on the eyelid must be differentiated from ophthalmic diseases that have similar symptoms. Diagnosis of ophthalmic herpes involves the following activities:

1. The use of a slit lamp. It is used in cases where the initial examination reveals the presence of seals over the eye of the skin, redness of the eyelid and other symptoms of infection with the herpes virus. The use of a slit lamp is mandatory if ophthalmic herpes is suspected.
2. RIF (immunofluorescence analysis). The method allows to detect the presence of herpes infection in the affected cells. For this, material is taken from the problem area, followed by examination under a fluorescent microscope. RIF is considered the most accurate method for diagnosing herpes in the eye.
3. Linked immunosorbent assay. It is prescribed when previous methods for diagnosing herpes in the upper eyelid did not give accurate results. ELISA allows you to detect the presence of a specific immunoglobulin in the patient's body.

Remedies for herpes are selected based on the results obtained during the diagnosis of pathology. To date, drugs for this disease are available in the form of tablets and drops. In the presence of herpes on the eye, treatment is carried out using local antiviral drugs: cream, eye ointment.

To avoid the development of complications, when the first signs of the disease appear, it is necessary to seek help from a doctor. To prevent recurrence of ocular herpes, it is important to regularly observe preventive measures.

Symptoms of herpes in the eyes

Depending on the form and area of ​​localization of herpes of the eye, the symptoms may vary. At the same time, the signs of the disease are in many respects similar to the manifestations of other ophthalmic pathologies.

Usually, herpes on the eyes causes:

• pain in the affected area;
• reaction to light
• vision problems;
• redness of the eyelid and eyes;
• attacks of nausea and headaches (rarely).

With herpetic disease, the symptoms have a pronounced color. According to them, ophthalmoherpes can be distinguished from other eye pathologies. The course of the disease is accompanied by the appearance of rashes in the affected area and intense itching.

There are several forms of eye herpes. All of them have their own characteristics.

Herpetic dermatitis

Dermatitis manifests itself in the form of:

• itching and tingling in the affected area;
• small vesicles, which after a few days become covered with a yellowish crust.

This form of ophthalmic herpes is characterized by an increase in body temperature.

Herpetic conjunctivitis

The first signs of conjunctivitis occur in one eye. Later, the symptoms of the disease become noticeable on both organs of vision. The patient is more sensitive to bright light. A clear discharge constantly flows from the eyes with conjunctivitis, which is why the eyelids stick together in the morning. But the disease is also characterized by the appearance of rashes on the cornea and a feeling of dryness.

There are three forms of conjunctivitis caused by herpes infection. Follicular is characterized by a blurred clinical picture. The catarrhal form of the disease is more acute. Herpetic eruptions on the eyes appear with vesicular conjunctivitis.

Keratitis

Keratitis is inflammation of the cornea of ​​the eye. There are several types of this disease:

• edge;
• treelike;
• corneal erosion;
• bullous;
• discoid;
• herpetic ulcer;
• stromal.

The clinical picture for all types of the disease is similar to each other. The patient has:

• pain in the eyes;
• he is unable to open his eyes (blepharospasm);
• photophobia;
• active work of the lacrimal glands.

The course of keratitis provokes a decrease in the sensitivity of the cornea, which increases the likelihood of a secondary infection. It also forms a rash and infiltrates. Bubbles lie along the nerve fibers located in the cornea. When the rash opens, the patient experiences severe pain.

Discoid keratitis causes deeper damage to the tissues of the eye. With such a disease, a dark zone forms around the stroma of the cornea. Even with the timely intervention of an ophthalmologist, the prognosis for discoid keratitis is unfavorable. Antiviral therapy in such circumstances is almost impossible to eliminate the darkening of the mucous membrane of the eye.

Discoid keratitis is often complicated by iridocyclitis. Depending on the form of the course (acute, subacute) and the nature of the pathological process (serous or serous-fibrous), the disease manifests itself in the form of the following symptoms:

• damage to the eye vessels;
• the pupil does not dilate;
• swelling of the iris;
• the appearance of adhesions between the iris and the lens;
• pain and other symptoms.

Iridocyclitis is characterized by a chronic course.

Acute retinal necrosis is one of the possible complications caused by eye herpes. It mainly occurs in immunocompromised patients. The main symptom of necrosis is complete loss of vision. Initially, problems arise with one eye, and after a few months, the pathological process affects the second.

Eye herpes treatment

If ocular herpes is suspected, treatment is started only after the diagnosis. Without confirmation that the organs of vision are affected by an infection, it is impossible to start treating the pathology.

The choice of methods for treating eye herpes is carried out by an ophthalmologist based on the results of the diagnosis. Depending on the nature of the lesion and the individual characteristics of the patient, the following drugs are prescribed:

1. "Acyclovir". A 5% ointment is used to treat the eyelids and the area around the eyes, a 3% ointment is used for the mucous membrane. In severe cases, Acyclovir tablets are prescribed.
2. "Fenistil". It is considered a more effective drug in the fight against relapses of the disease.

When choosing how to treat herpes of the eye, complex therapy should be preferred. In addition to these drugs, it is recommended to use Ophthalmoferon drops. They prevent the spread of the virus to the cornea. It is enough to apply the agent 2 drops 3 times a day for two weeks.

Topical preparations for the treatment of severe cases of herpetic rash with the use of antiviral drugs in tablet form. The latter have an effect on the entire body, accelerating the recovery of the patient. An antiviral agent in tablets should be taken in a strictly prescribed dosage. Failure to comply with medical prescriptions leads to the development of complications.

Antiviral drugs in the treatment of ophthalmic herpes are recommended to be combined with immunomodulators such as Poludana or Cycloferon. These drugs are available as tablets or injections that are injected directly into the eye.

Regardless of the form of the disease, damage to the skin or mucous membrane requires antiseptic treatment. In case of secondary infection, antibiotics are used.

Ophthalmic herpes develops against the background of infection of the body with the herpes simplex virus. Pathology is chronic and recurs with weakened immunity. In the treatment of the disease, antiviral drugs of local and systemic action are used. Without specialized therapy, ophthalmic herpes leads to complete blindness.

Ophthalmic herpes is a lesion of the cornea, eyeball and adjacent areas with a herpes infection. The causative agents of the virus remain in the tear ducts for a long time after treatment and often provoke repeated outbreaks of herpes in the eyes. The disease causes visual impairment. With the gravity of ophthalmic herpes, deep organs are damaged, which leads to surgical intervention or to disability.

Ophthalmologists have adopted the following classification of ophthalmic herpes.

By pathogenesis:

• primary;
• recurrent.

Clinico-anatomical:

1. Front section:
   • surface forms;
   • deep forms.
2. Rear section.

Causes of the appearance of herpes in the eyes

The main causative agents of herpes infection of the eye are:

1. HSV type 1 (cold provocateur on the lips).
2. HSV type 2 (causes genital herpes).
3. VVZ type 3 (varicella and herpes zoster virus).

Less likely to provoke pathology:

1. HSV type 5 (cytomegalovirus that affects internal organs: kidneys, liver, lungs, heart).
2. HSV type 6 (accompanies baby roseola).

The pathogenesis of the virus is represented by the introduction of its DNA into the cells of the body, where the microparticles of the pathogen multiply. The organs of vision are equipped with a good secretory function, which provides the lacrimal canal and epithelium with antibodies. But their action weakens under the general decrease in immunity. Ocular herpes enters through the outer layers and affects the cornea, leaving erosions. On this, the active phase subsides, and the herpes cells pass into a latent existence in the lymph nodes, the dermis.

There is also a congenital pathology of a viral eye disease. A recurrence of the pathology in a pregnant woman is fraught with the ingress of the HSV virus to the fetus in the prenatal period.

Factors contributing to ophthalmic herpes include:

• pregnancy, taking cytostatic drugs, antibiotics, drugs that depress the immune system;
• weakened body defense;
• an active form of cold sores, when the virus can be transmitted to the eyes through saliva;
• damage to the purulent vesicle with herpes and contact of the contents with the mucous membrane of the eyes;
• household form of infection through a towel, ophthalmic drops, glasses;
• overheating in the sun;
• hypothermia;
• vaccinations (one of the causes of childhood ophthalmic herpes);
• stress;
• disturbed or unbalanced diet.

At-risk groups

The herpes virus is present in an inactive state in the body in 90% of the population, potentially everyone can experience ophthalmic herpes. High risk of infection in:

• pregnant women with genital herpes;
• newborns;
• preschool children;
• people who have undergone organ transplantation;
• men, women, immunocompromised children.

Symptoms of ophthalmic herpes

Common manifestations of the herpes virus in the eyes:

• redness and itching in the affected areas of the eye (photo);
• corneal sensitivity;
• swelling of damaged tissues;
• conjunctivitis and blepharitis in a chronic form;
• violation of the structure of the integument; erosive damage to the mucous membrane of the eye;
• rashes, vesicles and sores around the organs of vision;
• seals on the upper and lower eyelids;
• blurred vision;
• clouding, distorted perception of objects.

These symptoms are accompanied by photophobia, dry eyes, frequent blinking, sometimes fever and depressed mood.

Clinical forms are represented by pathology of the anterior and posterior sections. The anterior section is affected by superficial and deep changes.

Damage to the primary layers includes:

• inflammation of the conjunctiva and eyelids;
• defeat of the cornea layer (keratitis) with a rash of blisters, fusion of ulcers, deformation of the edges of the damage on the cornea;
• erosive manifestations;
• inflammatory processes in the connective tissue of the sclera.

Profound changes are diagnosed:

• metaherpetic keratitis with extensive corneal lesions;
• deep keratitis with opacities in the cornea, changes, swelling and accumulation of fluid in the cornea.

In the posterior section, changes in the retina, optic nerve, and vascular layers appear. These include:

• retinochoroiditis - a focal formation of white in the retina;
• uveitis - inflammation of the vascular layer;
• neuritis - irritation of the optic nerve;
• acute necrosis - death of the retina;
• ischemic retinopathy - stagnation of blood in the eye.

Which doctor should I contact?

Herpes with superficial manifestations is easily confused with allergies or conjunctivitis. Only an ophthalmologist will be able to conduct a routine examination and confirm or refute the viral nature of the pathology.

Diagnosis of eye herpes

The choice of diagnosing the disease is determined by the course of the disease and symptoms:

1. The method of fluorescent antibodies according to Kasparov. MFA is based on the introduction of serum with antibodies into the conjunctiva. An increase in the luminescence of the antibodies of the solution is characterized by the degree of infection with herpes.
2. Biomicroscopy. Allows you to see keratitis lesions of the cornea, vesicular formations, turning into erosion.
3. Non-contact tonometry. It is a measurement of intraocular pressure, an increase in which is characteristic of the posterior type of herpetic lesions.
4. ultrasound. Used in the pathology of the posterior region of the eye, allows you to identify vascular changes and clouding of the lenses.
5. Ophthalmoscopy. It is carried out in the study of the fundus for changes in the shape of the retina, the occurrence of swelling of the cornea.
6. Visometry or visual acuity test. The classic way to detect changes in visual abilities is carried out when the optic nerve is affected by herpes.
7. Gonioscopy. The goal is to measure the corneo-iris, the presence of inflammation, foreign bodies and neoplasms in ophthalmic herpes.
8. Blood test for lymphocytes to prescribe treatment.
9. Linked immunosorbent assay. An increase in type M immunoglobulins in the blood indicates a viral disease.
10. PCR method through a smear from the mucous membrane of the eye.

Treatment for herpetic eye disease

Procedures for the elimination of ophthalmic herpes are dictated by the results of the diagnosis. If the anterior zone of the visual organ, the surrounding areas are affected, then a complex of drugs is used. Pathology of the posterior part of the eye may require surgery in conjunction with medications.

Medical therapy

Treatment includes:

1. Antispasmodics and decongestants.
2. Immunomodulators.
3. Antiviral drugs.
4. Vaccination against herpetic virus.

Immunomodulating drugs are aimed at increasing the body's resistance to viruses. These include interferon inducers (Amiksin, Cycloferon) and immunoglobulins (Interlok). Amiksin (price from 600 rubles) and Cycloferon are prescribed in tablets and injections, they have a minimum number of contraindications. Interlock for the eyes is represented by drops. It restores the cell membrane and builds protection against the virus.

Antiviral agents for external use are creams, ointments and drops. Ointment (price from 20 to 100 rubles) is recommended with a 3% content of the active substance, which is safe when it comes into contact with the mucous membrane. Cream Fenistil Pencivir copes better with relapses, unlike Acyclovir, it is strictly applied to the eyelid. Drops Oftalmoferon are prescribed in combination with ointments to prevent damage to the cornea of ​​​​the eye. Viferon is prescribed for children.

Trifluorothymidine drops are safe and non-toxic. Ophthalmologists recommend them for their gentle and directed action. Apply every hour, but dosed due to possible damage to the retina. The price is within 300 rubles.

The tablet form of antiviral drugs is represented by Valtrex, Valvir, Zovirax (price is about 500 rubles). Valvir is used to treat childhood herpes.

If necessary, symptomatic drugs are added to the main treatment.

1. Painkillers are based on lidocaine, novocaine, atropine and reduce the unpleasant symptoms of herpes: burning, itching, pain, and also suppress swelling.
2. In acute lesions with a possible bacterial nature, antibiotics are used.
3. Necrosis of the tissues of the visual organ is treated with glucocorticosteroids, which are responsible for the regeneration of the epithelium.
4. Ocular herpes, accompanied by intraocular pressure, is treated with antihypertensive drugs.
5. An integrated approach requires the elimination of possible allergies, so antihistamines Suprastin, Tavegil, Zirtek are added.

Vaccination is carried out in the absence of complicated herpes 2 times a year.

How to get rid of herpes eye folk remedies?

Recipes of traditional medicine can be combined both in combination with drug therapy, and independently.

Effective eye drops:

1. From honeydew. 2 tbsp. l. herbs are brewed in 500 ml of boiling water and infused for 2 hours. The resulting infusion is washed with eyes for 2 weeks.
2. From arnica. Take 1 inflorescence of arnica in a glass of boiling water and brew for 2 hours. Compresses are made from the resulting product and the eyes are washed every 2 hours.

To increase general immunity, they drink teas from chamomile, rose hips, add honey and lemon.

In addition to medicinal methods of treatment, physiotherapy in the form of UHF is used to heal sores.

Complications of ophthalmic herpes

The following factors can aggravate the course of the disease:

• mistaking pathology for another disease, for example, conjunctivitis;
• refusal of examination and cytological samples;
• misdiagnosis;
• incorrectly formulated treatment.

This provokes the transition of eye herpes into a chronic form, which is dangerous:

1. Deterioration of vigilance and clarity of vision.
2. Decreased acuity of the organ.
3. Periodic pain in the eye area.
4. Chronic dry eye syndrome.

Acute lesions of the vascular layers, the optic nerve with herpes can develop cataracts and glaucoma. There are frequent cases of complete loss of vision and disability.

Congenital herpes infection causes exudation into the fundus and vitreous. Involvement of blood vessels provokes perivasculitis. The neonatal period is accompanied by conjunctivitis, turning into neuritis and necrosis of the layers of the eye.

Prevention

The main measures to prevent the appearance of eye herpes:

• avoid contact with an infected person or with affected areas of the body;
• treatment of the birth canal of a woman in labor - a carrier of genital herpes;
• applying an antiviral ointment to the eyes of a newborn if there is no information about the state of health of the pregnant woman;
• taking immunomodulators and multivitamin preparations;
• vaccination for secondary disease;
• hardening procedure and physical culture.

This condition can be caused by:

• hypothermia;
• long-term use of antibacterial drugs;
• abrupt climate change;
• violation of the processes of digestion;
• chronic mental and physical fatigue.

The body's defenses are reduced during exacerbations of systemic diseases, during stress. During pregnancy, there is also a significant decrease in immunity. This is a vital necessity, in this way the body of the expectant mother tries to prevent the rejection of the maturing embryo. For many, the course of the infection does not manifest itself in any way. A person does not even suspect that he is a potential threat to others. This is the insidiousness of herpes.

Ways of infection

If the carrier has herpes in a latent state, the person is not dangerous to others. The source of infection is the one who has the characteristic symptoms of the infection, the one whose herpes is in the active phase, but the course of the infection is asymptomatic.

Symptoms of herpes in the eyes

In adults and in children, the appearance of herpes in the eyes causes the same symptoms. First, the patient begins to feel a slight tingling, burning and itching on the infected area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe skin or mucous membrane. Tears appear, the eyeball turns red, the palpebral fissure narrows, at dusk the visual acuity is lost. Appear convulsive twitching of the eyelids, photophobia. Headaches occur, they cause severe weakness. Sometimes there is a slight increase in body temperature.

If the infected area is on the skin around the eyes, on the eyelid, it swells, redness appears. A day later, a group of vesicles filled with serous fluid forms at this site. It contains a huge amount of live virus particles. An increase in the volume of the substrate leads to the fact that the bubbles open on their own, their contents pour out. At this point, the patient poses the greatest danger to others.

It is believed that if several cases of exacerbation occur during the year (more than four), it is imperative to seek help from an immunologist and, together with him, correct immunity.

Possible Complications

It is impossible to ignore the appearance of characteristic symptoms: the course of the infection can provoke various complications. So, for example, if lesions appear on the surface of the eyeball, acute retinal necrosis may develop. It is the most common cause of total blindness. As a rule, one eye is first affected, and the second is involved in the process after two months. Initially, lesions appear on the periphery, then merge and provoke retinal detachment. In 50% of cases, patients lose their sight completely.

Another dangerous complication is iridocyclitis (anterior uevitis). Its development is indicated by pain that occurs when pressing a finger on the cornea of ​​​​the eye. Visible vessels dilate and become engorged, the iris becomes red or green with a rusty tint. At the same time, the iris pattern itself merges and becomes indistinguishable. The patient in this case complains of a feeling of "veil" before his eyes. The appearance of such a complication can also provoke loss of vision.

Herpes can cause inflammation of the cornea (keratitis). With its development, blepharospasms, photophobia are observed, the transparency of the cornea decreases, and the luster is lost. The outcome is a decrease in vision, a thorn.

Lesions of the skin of the eyelids, mucous membranes of the visual organs make it possible to make a correct diagnosis without the use of instrumental methods of examination. If infection with herpes caused damage to the cornea or blood vessels, then to clarify the diagnosis, the ophthalmologist must examine the patient with a slit lamp. He makes a scraping from the skin or from the mucous membrane of the affected area and sends the material for laboratory testing. There are methods to identify the causative agent of the infection, to understand what type of herpes is inside the body. Further treatment of ophthalmic herpes is performed after analyzing the responses of laboratory tests.

Treatment tactics

Treatment tactics are also developed taking into account the existing clinical manifestations. Antiviral and immunomodulatory drugs, antihistamines are necessarily included in therapeutic schemes; ointments, drops and gels are actively used for local treatment.

To eliminate clinical symptoms are prescribed:

• antiseptic drops ("Miramistin");
• anti-inflammatory drops ("Naklof");
• antihistamine drops ("Opatanol");
• antibacterial drops ("Tobrex").

The appointment of the last group of drugs is made when the course of herpes provoked the addition of a bacterial component. To enhance immunity, Polyoxidonium suppositories or Cycloferon injections are prescribed, loading doses of B vitamins and ascorbic acid are required.

The duration of treatment is determined by the ophthalmologist, on average it lasts 3-4 weeks. If damage to the deep layers is detected, specific therapy is carried out aimed at preserving vision.

Herpes during pregnancy

The appearance of herpes on the lips or eyes with a favorable course of infection rarely causes dangerous complications. A pregnant woman may encounter a virus for the first time while carrying a child, she may experience an exacerbation of the chronic form. So, the primary infection of the genital organs in the first trimester is considered undesirable. It can cause infection of the fetus and provoke the following complications:

• spontaneous miscarriage;
• violation of the development of the fetus;
• herpetic lesions of the tissues of the nervous system, eyes, oral cavity;
• damage to amniotic fluid (fetal hypoxia);
• intrauterine fetal death.

Since during pregnancy there is a sharp decrease in immunity, the course of ophthalmic herpes always proceeds much more severely than usual, it is often accompanied by fever and provokes blood circulation disorders. Therefore, quite often there is a deep damage to the tissues of the visual organ, and this is also very dangerous for the expectant mother herself. That is why it is so important when the first symptoms appear, immediately contact an ophthalmologist and, together with him, under the supervision of a gynecologist leading a pregnancy, treat the infection.

Herpesvirus in children

Nature has taken good care of the protection of the organs of vision: the liquid of tears contains immunoglobulins that can prevent the penetration and spread of viral pathogens. But with a sharp decrease in immunity, the properties of protective barriers weaken.

In children and adolescents, a herpes infection proceeds in exactly the same way as in adults; forms are often diagnosed in which damage to the deep layers of the organs of vision is observed. Self-medication in this case is unacceptable. It is important to immediately contact an ophthalmologist when characteristic symptoms appear. Before meeting with him, it is necessary to provide the child with first aid: go to the pharmacy and buy drops of Ophthalmoferon, drip them into the affected eye two drops four times a day. Further appointment will be made by the doctor after examination and laboratory tests. When drawing up a treatment regimen, he will necessarily take into account the age of the child, his weight, and the individual characteristics of the course of the infection. If signs of complications are identified, hospitalization can be made.

After recovery, given the high possibility of relapses, twice a year (in autumn and spring) it will be necessary to provide the child with preventive treatment. It consists in taking vitamin complexes (“Strix Kids”, “Blueberry Forte”), in observing the rules of proper nutrition. It is important to try to exclude the occurrence of emotional overload, maintain sleep and wakefulness, harden, instill a love for sports, dress the child in accordance with weather conditions.

You can not use common bath accessories, someone else's cosmetics. It is useful to strictly observe the rules of personal hygiene and not touch your eyes with dirty hands. With frequent relapses, it is worth making an antiherpetic vaccine.