We told you about what drug rhinitis is, how it occurs, what are its causes, and how it can be treat with drugs. In this article, we will also tell you how you can treat medical rhinitis at home what additional measures can be taken during the main treatment to reduce the main symptoms of the disease.

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It is worth noting that advanced forms of the disease rarely can be cured without surgery. but at the initial stage diseases can be dealt with by more gentle folk methods of treatment.

Nasal congestion treatment at home

• This method helps massage. The nose is massaged with fingers in the entire area of ​​​​the external turbinates. Particular attention is paid to the points under which the sinuses are located;

• During the treatment period, it is recommended to fall asleep for more high pillow;

• Before going to bed you can do therapeutic hot foot baths. Add some to hot water mustard powder, stir well. You need to soar your legs for about 5 minutes. This procedure contributes to the fact that all the blood rushes to the legs, and nasal congestion is reduced;

• Can cook honey drops. Honey is mixed with water in a ratio of 1:1, mixed until the honey dissolves. Adults drip on 8 drops in each nasal passage 5 times a day. Children can also be treated in this way if they are not allergic to honey, but children should drip on 2 drops of honey water;

• Good for clear nasal breathing and breathing exercises. It is done like this: inhale sharply through the nose and exhale through the mouth. Such a sharp breath improves the blood supply to the vessels of the nose, and increases their tone, prepares for normal work. Oxygen received with inhalation also has a positive effect on the condition of the mucous membrane - it dries it;

• Experts also recommend performing special breathing exercises A.N. Strelnikova. You will find a video on how exactly it should be done below in the article. The essence of gymnastics is to clear nasal breathing, strengthen the walls of blood vessels, reduce mucous discharge from the nose. This gymnastics has a general strengthening effect on the entire body. With us you can also free download book about breathing according to Strelnikova;

• Many people think that it is better to rinse the nose not with a salt solution, but saline solution bought at a pharmacy. If you have prepared the saline solution incorrectly, then you can burn and damage the already damaged nasal mucosa. Therefore, in order not to risk, you can rinse the nose with saline. Elena Malysheva will tell you how to rinse your nose in the video at the end of the article;

• There is a special yoga nose wash, which is called Jala Neti. Thanks to this procedure, you can keep the nasal passages clean, increase immunity, and improve metabolism. Yogis use a special teapot named neti-pot. If you do not have such a teapot, then you can make it yourself by pulling a baby nipple with a hole of about 5 mm over the spout of the teapot. How to do this yoga procedure see the video clip below.

Treatment with medicinal plants

1 A highly effective means of combating rhinitis of various origins is aloe. Start growing this plant on your windowsill and it will come in handy for you and your children. in the treatment of rhinitis. Need to squeeze out juice from an aloe leaf, dilute it with water 1: 2, and drip into each nasal passage 3-4 drops. This must be done three times a day. Store the prepared solution in fridge;

2 Make a strong decoction of oak bark, and drip into the nasal passages 2-3 drops several times a day within 14 days, also store the solution in the refrigerator, and warm it to room temperature before instillation;

3 There is another treatment mixture based on aloe juice and olive oil. It is necessary to take 1 part of aloe juice, 3 parts of olive oil and mix. Then it is necessary to heat the mixture in a water bath for 4 minutes, then cool. You need to drip it 1-2 times a day. Before going to bed, you can change the procedure: soak cotton swabs in liquid and insert into the nasal passages for 10 minutes;

4 One More aloe juice recipe prepared as follows: in equal proportions we take aloe juice, liquid honey and sea buckthorn oil. The resulting mixture is instilled into the nose several times a day for 2 weeks;

5 A good tool in the fight against drug-induced rhinitis is to wash the nose with infusion of chamomile. One teaspoon of chamomile flowers pour 1 cup boiling water, and let the mixture brew for 40 minutes. Then strain, cool, and rinse the nose once a day at bedtime;

6 Therapeutic effect has and infusion of calendula. 2 tablespoons of flowers should be poured with 2 cups of boiled water. After 2 hours, strain the infusion, add water in a ratio of 1:2, and wash your nose once a day before going to bed;

7 Will help in this case and sage tea. 2 tablespoons of sage leaves are poured with half a liter of boiling water. After 2 hours of infusion infusion should be filtered. They should also wash your nose once a day at night;

8 In the fight against nasal congestion helps tea tree oil. Cotton flagella are wetted in oil and installed in each nasal passage for 10 minutes. This procedure is done 2 times a day. At the same time, during the day, you can simply lubricate the nasal mucosa with this oil or carry out inhalation, inhaling oil vapors;

In most cases, it is not difficult to treat drug-induced rhinitis, and noticeable results are achieved after 7-10 days of therapy - the patient's most pronounced symptoms disappear and nasal breathing is partially restored. As a rule, the treatment of drug-induced rhinitis is limited to conservative therapy, and only in the most severe advanced situations can the disease be cured only using surgical methods. In this case, it is not always possible to fully restore the functions of the nasal mucosa if rhinitis has led to the degeneration of its epithelium.

In all cases, the basis for the treatment of drug-induced rhinitis is the rejection of vasoconstrictor drops. It is imperative not only to cancel the drug that caused the disease, and not to start using similar vasoconstrictors. For example, if the disease is caused by long-term use of Naphthyzin, it is pointless to simply replace Naphthyzin with, say, Galazolin - atrophy of the mucous membrane in this case will continue.

The cause of drug-induced rhinitis is the use of vasoconstrictor drops. For effective treatment, this cause must be eliminated.

Cancellation of vasoconstrictor drops in medical rhinitis can be difficult for the patient. In the first days of refusal, his nose is completely blocked, the mucous membrane may dry out with unpleasant sensations. To ease these symptoms, you can use anti-inflammatory nasal drugs that do not contain α-agonists in their composition:

• Hormonal drops from the common cold (Nasonex, Nasobek, Avamys, Flixonase);
• Antihistamines (in the form of drops in the nose - Allergodil, Histimet, Reaktin, in the form of agents for oral administration - Erius, Suprastin).

These drugs allow you to remove swelling and inflammation in the nose, but when they are taken, the mechanisms that caused drug-induced rhinitis are not realized. Consequently, nasal congestion during their use disappears for a certain period (usually longer than when taking vasoconstrictor drops), although they do not completely cure the disease, the causes of drug-induced rhinitis already disappear and the restoration of the nasal mucosa begins.

Drug-induced rhinitis in children should be treated with those drugs that are allowed at a particular age, since antihistamines can have systemic side effects, which are especially pronounced at a younger age.

There is no specific cure for drug-induced rhinitis. There is no such remedy on the market that would be enough to drink a special course and be guaranteed to get rid of the disease.

It is important to remember that it is impossible to quickly get rid of drug-induced rhinitis. In the best case, the patient's condition is slightly normalized in 3-4 days, and nasal breathing is fully restored in 2-3 weeks. In more severe situations, it takes several weeks, or even months, to treat the disease.

Adjuvant therapy for drug-induced rhinitis

To eliminate discomfort in the nose, as well as to accelerate the regeneration of the mucous membrane, it is necessary to rinse the nose with saline or its analogues. It is fashionable to buy a saline solution at a pharmacy, or you can prepare it at home if you dissolve a teaspoon of table salt in a liter of water.

The more expensive, more prestigious, but similarly effective taxes of such a solution are:

• AquaMaris;
• Dolphin;
• Marimer;
• Aqualor;
• Quicks…

…other. All of them moisturize the nasal passages, cleanse it, help to remove snot from the nose and generally normalize the condition of the mucous membrane. Restoration and regeneration of it in such conditions is faster.

Washing the nose can be done frequently - up to 8-10 times a day. It is advisable not to do them immediately before going outside at low air temperatures.

Washing the nose is useful even when there is no rhinitis and the nose breathes normally

It is also very useful during treatment (as well as after it) to maintain microclimate parameters comfortable for the mucous membrane in the room: air temperature 18-20 ° C and humidity 55-75%. Breathing such air is as gentle as possible for the nasal mucosa.

After giving up vasoconstrictors, you can do acupressure of the nose. It will not give a quick result, but it will provide some activation of the mucous membrane and help speed up its recovery.

These means and methods are conservative and are used for 2-3 weeks under the supervision of a physician. If during this time a clear progress in the restoration of the nasal mucosa and nasal breathing itself becomes noticeable, the treatment continues. If this treatment fails, surgery may be required.

Methods of surgical treatment of medical rhinitis

The effectiveness of surgical intervention is due to the fact that a part of the enlarged mucosa is removed from the patient, sometimes with areas of nasal conchas, as a result of which the lumen of the nasal passages and their throughput increase, and the patient can fully inhale air through the nose and breathe normally. Usually one of the following procedures is used for this:

• Conchotomy;
• Cold plasma vasotomy of the inferior turbinates;
• Submucosal vasotomy;
• Laser cauterization.

In cases where the patient's drug-induced rhinitis is combined with a strong curvature of the nasal septum, a pronounced effect can be provided by septoplasty or turbinoplasty, in which the normal lumen of the nasal passages is restored only by aligning the nasal septum.

Ineffective means and methods of therapy

Medical rhinitis is extremely difficult to treat with folk remedies. So, with it it is often recommended:

• Rinse the nose with a decoction of chamomile (a spoonful of chamomile flowers in a glass of boiling water);
• Bury in the nose aloe juice, diluted with water or olive oil;
• Lubricate the nasal mucosa with a mixture of natural essential oils of peach, eucalyptus and rosehip;
• Breathe in the bath over the steam from the infusion of chamomile, celandine, motherwort, St. John's wort and eucalyptus splashed onto hot stones.

However, in practice, the use of such agents practically does not affect the outcome of treatment. Folk remedies allow only to some extent to enhance the effect of other drugs. In particular, chamomile reduces inflammation, essential oils protect the drying mucosa from cracking. All this makes it possible to improve the patient's condition during treatment at home, but practically does not affect the restoration of the mucous membrane. At the same time, most of these drugs can cause side effects that are more pronounced than their beneficial effect. For example, oil drops disrupt the work of the ciliated epithelium and inhibit the removal of mucus from the nose, and aloe juice can cause allergies.

Typical mild allergic rash in response to nasal lavage with herbal decoction

Similarly, it is ineffective to treat drug-induced rhinitis with inhalations (the same effect as with steam inhalations can be achieved by simple but safer instillation of the solution into the nose, and inhalations with a compressor inhaler or nebulizer do not allow the nasal mucosa to be treated) and homeopathic remedies (for example, Corizalia, Sinupret, Euphorbium Compositum - the effectiveness of these drugs is very small and does not exceed the effectiveness of placebo).

Also, the use of immunomodulators based on interferon and inducers of interferon itself will not give an effect.

Prevention of drug-induced rhinitis

The main and only way to avoid the development of drug-induced rhinitis is strict adherence to the rules for taking vasoconstrictor nasal drops. With SARS and a runny nose, they can be taken no more than 5 days for children and no more than 7 days for adults. Even during this period, they should not be instilled into the nose all the time, but only at bedtime to ensure the patient has a normal rest. It is impossible to use decongestants longer than this period.

If, during an illness, a runny nose and swelling of the nasal mucosa persists for more than a week, vasoconstrictor drops should be replaced with hormonal or antihistamines.

Practice shows that with the correct organization of the treatment of ARVI or another disease that causes a runny nose, the use of vasoconstrictor drops can always be avoided. In any case, they should be treated as emergency aid, used 1-2 times in the most severe cases. Constantly burying them in the nose is harmful and dangerous.

In more than 90% of cases, medical rhinitis can be treated using conservative methods, in which the patient, under the guidance of a doctor:

1. Completely stops taking vasoconstrictor drops;
2. In the first days, it eliminates swelling and inflammation with the help of hormonal and antihistamines;
3. Regularly and often rinses and moisturizes the nose;
4. Normalizes the parameters of the air in the room where he sleeps and spends the most time.

Only if these measures fail, the option of surgical intervention is considered.

Interesting video: Dr. Komarovsky tells how vasoconstrictor drops cause medical rhinitis

Sources:

• Palchun V. T., Magomedov M. M., Luchikhin L. A. Otorhinolaryngology: a textbook for universities. — 2nd ed., corrected. and additional - 2008 - 656 p.
• On the safety of the use of nasal vasoconstrictor drugs in pediatric practice. — P. Karpova, D.A. Tulupov

338 10/22/2019 9 min.

Drug-induced rhinitis results from the body's physiological and psychological habituation to vasoconstrictors used to treat inflammatory disease of the upper respiratory tract. During the complex therapy of respiratory diseases, to facilitate nasal breathing, reduce swelling of the mucous surfaces and clean the nasal passages, the doctor prescribes nasal sprays or drops. However, exceeding the dosage or the recommended duration of the course leads to the appearance of a chronic inflammatory process on the mucous surfaces of the nose.

It should be noted that the appearance of chronic rhinitis can be caused by:

• individual allergic reaction of the body to the components of the composition of the drug;
• be a side effect that occurs when using antihypertensive drugs, hormonal contraceptives, tranquilizers, anti-inflammatory nonsteroidal drugs or antipsychotics.

As a result, the patient experiences difficulty in breathing through the nose, which, if not promptly treated, leads to the impossibility of inhaling without the use of vasoconstrictor drugs. When the first symptoms of the pathology appear, it is necessary to seek qualified medical help, during which the otolaryngologist, after examining the patient and obtaining the results of the tests, will select the optimal therapy regimen.

Description of the disease and code according to ICD-10

Sustained addiction forms an uncontrolled intake of nasal remedies such as Vibrocil, Xilin, Nazivin, Otrivin, Sanorin, Naphthyzin. Experts attribute the pathology to diseases of the vasomotor type, the characteristic features of which are chronic nasal congestion, provoked by inflammation of the mucous areas and paroxysmal release of a large amount of mucus from the nasal passages, caused by a change in the tone of the blood vessels.

The difficulty of selecting effective drugs for the treatment of drug-induced rhinitis is that, in addition to taking into account the individual characteristics of the patient's body, the doctor cannot prescribe drugs used in the treatment of ordinary rhinitis. The disease has a favorable prognosis for recovery, subject to timely seeking medical help, a comprehensive assessment of the results of laboratory tests and symptoms of the manifestation of pathology. In most cases, it takes at least 1-2 months to eliminate the disease, subject to the simultaneous maintenance of the prescribed course of drug therapy, the use of physiotherapy methods, recommended physical activity, or using folk recipes.

Read how to treat hyperplastic rhinitis.

According to the observations of otolaryngologists, the disorder is most often detected as a consequence of self-prescribing and taking drops.

Causes

Normally, the body has the ability to regulate the degree of narrowing of the cavernous bodies of the epithelium, depending on the ambient temperature. The use of vasoconstrictor drops in ARVI, which provoke forced vasoconstriction, violates this algorithm, as a result of which the patient's nervous system does not recognize environmental conditions, provoking an increase in the diameter of the vessels.

Depending on the form of the respiratory disease and the individual characteristics of the body, the doctor prescribes treatment using a spray or drops for 3-5 days.

If this period of use of the drug for constriction of blood vessels is exceeded, addiction to the preparation of the mucous surfaces of the nose and the appearance of a dependence of nasal breathing on the medication are observed. As a result, the patient comes to the conclusion that it is necessary to use a spray to facilitate nasal breathing, which leads to the release of the disease into a chronic form.

A characteristic feature of drug-induced rhinitis is the need to increase the dosage of the doping drug used to facilitate breathing through the nose.

Among the less common causes of inflammation of the nasopharynx, experts call the prolonged use (more than 2-3 months) of drugs prescribed for the treatment of adrenal dysfunction and hypertension belonging to the classes:

1. central adrenomimetics (methyldopa, clonidine);
2. α-blockers (Doxazonin, Prazonin);
3. sympatholytics (Adelfan).

Patients suffering from vegetative-vascular dystonia are considered the most prone to the appearance of drug-induced rhinitis. This is due to an increase in the likelihood of their failures in the functioning of the nervous system and hormonal imbalance.

Symptoms and signs

A characteristic feature of the disease is the loss of smell, while even at the initial stage of the disorder, there is a release of copious amounts of mucus from the nose. The use of drugs leads to the disappearance of symptoms for several hours, after which the signs of pathology appear again.

Read how to treat vasomotor rhinitis of the neurovegetative form.

If one of the above signs appears, it is recommended to consult a doctor for an examination and the appointment of adequate treatment.

Among the most common manifestations of the disease, otolaryngologists include:

• chronic nasal congestion;
• the appearance of itching and burning in the nostrils and sinuses;
• sleep disturbance, the appearance of snoring in a dream;
• the appearance of a nasal voice during a conversation;
• partial or complete violation of the sense of smell;
• an increase in the incidence of colds and inflammatory pathologies caused by a local decrease in the immune function of the sinuses;
• progression of other forms, such as hyperplastic, atrophic or hypertrophic rhinitis;
• hearing loss;
• headaches that are in the nature of migraine;
• pain in the region of the heart, having a pressing character.

Read about the treatment of viral rhinitis.

However, only as a result of getting used to vasoconstrictor drugs, the opposite effect appears, the essence of which is that after a certain time there is an expansion of blood vessels, which in turn leads to swelling of the mucosa and the appearance of edema.

Complications

An inattentive attitude to the signals of a violation given by the body can lead to the appearance of complications of the disease, among the most common among which experts include:

• Decreased ability to concentrate, impaired attention and memory.
• Hypoxia, which develops as a result of insufficient oxygen supply to the brain.
• The occurrence of chronic headaches.

• The disappearance of the ability of independent nasal breathing.
• Reduced immunity and the associated increase in the likelihood of other diseases.

If the patient ignores the symptoms of the disease and does not seek medical help for 1-2 years, the pathology is highly likely to develop into a form in which it is considered a potentially incurable disorder.

Diagnostics

When visiting an otolaryngologist, the doctor listens and fixes the symptoms of the disorder, after which he conducts an examination, as a result of which, in the presence of the disease, it may be detected:

• increased permeability of lymph and blood vessels;
• transformation of epithelial tissues of the ciliated type into flat ones;
• signs of hyperemia of the integument;
• increased production of secretions secreted by the mucous glands;
• increased edema with signs of hemorrhage;
• decrease in thickness and signs of capillary dystrophy.

After the examination, the doctor prescribes the delivery of laboratory tests (smear) of the excreted mucus for bacteriological analysis of the secret. In addition, the patient may be prescribed:

1. Conducting differential diagnosis, designed to determine the cause of the appearance of pathology.
2. Performing dermatological tests to determine the type of causative agent of an allergic reaction.
3. An MRI examination is prescribed after the detection of benign formations that develop against the background of chronic nasal congestion.
4. Carrying out rhinoscopy to detect pathological changes.
5. X-ray examination.

The information obtained during the diagnostics will serve as the basis for choosing the right strategy for therapeutic measures.

Treatment

The measures recommended by the doctor depend on the stage of the disease, so with an unstable addiction, a sharp rejection of the drops taken for 4 or more days can give a good effect. During this time, the capillaries can acquire their original size and regain their regulatory functions. Experts note that when using this method, complete restoration of capillary performance is possible after 14 days. A milder method involves a gradual refusal to take the remedy, achieved by diluting the usual spray with saline 50/50 or increasing the time interval between taking drops.

How to treat with medication

If there is no result from an attempt to self-refuse vasoconstrictor medications, the otolaryngologist suggests a pharmacological treatment regimen based on taking various types of corticosteroids that have the opposite effect.

Before you start taking one of these or other medicines, it is strongly recommended that you visit your healthcare professional.

Nasonex

A medication in the form of a spray, which is based on mometasone, which has a hormonal basis and is prescribed for the relief of allergic reactions. it is not recommended to use in patients with infectious lesions of the nasal cavity or fresh injuries on the surface of the nasal mucosa. The dosage is prescribed individually, the use of the spray involves 1-2 multiple instillations, 1-2 drops per nostril during the day.

The price of packaging ranges between 480 and 550 rubles / bottle.

Fluticasone

A nasal spray based on glucocorticosteroids is prescribed for the relief of inflammatory processes in the nasal cavity, the treatment of rhinitis of a seasonal and allergic nature. The daily rate of the drug is determined by the doctor. The active substance of the drug fluticasone furoate is part of many other drugs.

Avamys

The active substance of the nasal spray, which provides hydration of the mucous membranes and has an anti-inflammatory effect, is fluticasone. The drug belongs to the group of hormonal drugs and is recommended for use as prescribed by a doctor. In the acute phase, the dosage involves spraying 2 doses of spray for each nostril, carried out 1 time per day, while after the removal of acute signs of pathology, the use of the agent involves instillation of 1 drop per nostril until the desired therapeutic effect is achieved.

The price of one bottle ranges from 620 to 680 rubles.

Flixonase

The average price of the drug ranges from 60-420 rubles / 45 ml.

Surgical

With insufficient effectiveness of refusal to use vasoconstrictor drugs, pharmacological therapy, or if the patient seeks medical help in an advanced stage of pathology, in the absence of contraindications, surgical intervention is recommended.

Conchotomy

It is a surgical intervention performed to normalize nasal breathing. The procedure involves complete or partial resection of the turbinates. The disadvantages of the procedure include the impossibility of carrying it out in the presence of an infectious or inflammatory process in the body, during pregnancy and while breastfeeding.

Laser cauterization of the mucosa

As a result of exposure to the pathological structure of the laser beam, water is evaporated from the vascular network containing pathogenic microorganisms. The procedure is delayed for women during menstruation and patients with blood clotting pathologies.

Cryotherapy

Experts are skeptical about the effectiveness of this method, which is based on the destruction of pathological cells that appears when the area of ​​the disorder is treated with ultra-low temperatures, such as liquid nitrogen. Despite the fact that the procedure is performed using local anesthesia, it is very popular as an operative method to eliminate mucosal edema and chronic nasal congestion.

The procedure is prescribed to eliminate long-term dysfunction of nasal breathing caused by allergic reactions or the course of inflammatory processes.

Vasotomy

The procedure involves surgery, lasting 5-7 minutes. The essence of the procedure is to perform a dissection of the vascular structures located between the periosteal surface of the turbinates and the mucous membranes of the nasal cavity.

When choosing one of the methods of surgical therapy, it is necessary to take into account its combination with other methods used to eliminate drug-induced rhinitis.

Physiotherapy for runny nose and loss of smell

Physiological procedures are prescribed both after surgery and for tissue repair during rehabilitation.

UFO

Treatment of the affected mucosal area with ultraviolet radiation ensures the elimination of inflammatory processes, the destruction of pathogenic microflora, and the acceleration of the processes of regeneration of damaged tissues.

When performing the procedure, a quartz lamp is heated to a certain temperature, after which it is applied to the site of the lesion.

Does UHF help?

Heating of damaged areas with the help of a UHF device provides relief of symptoms of edema and inflammatory processes, activates the immune system and accelerates tissue regeneration processes. The device consists of a plate with electrodes that act on the affected area for some time.

Phonophoresis, so that rhinitis passes quickly

Among the methods used to eliminate pathological microflora, phonophoresis using hydrocortisone is becoming increasingly common. Anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory drugs are used, which act in conjunction with ultrasound.

This procedure improves blood circulation and skin permeability.

Electrophoresis with a cold

Dosed delivery of drugs to the source of the lesion ensures the elimination of edema, a decrease in the intensity of the manifestation of inflammatory processes, the activation of regeneration processes and the strengthening of the patient's immune system. Medicines under the influence of electric current come to the affected area in the form of ions of the active substance and penetrate into the lymphatic fluid and blood, providing a high efficiency of the method.

Folk remedies and recipes at home for inflammation of the nasopharynx

The use of traditional medicine in the elimination of pathology demonstrates sufficient effectiveness only when combined with other therapeutic measures. However, among the effective drugs used in the course of the complex elimination of pathology, experts call an infusion based on chamomile, onion oil, beets, drops based on honey,.

The use of alternative medicine can be highly effective when used by patients who practice complete or partial refusal to take vasoconstrictor medications.

Prevention of rhinitis in adults

As the main measure that excludes the appearance of pathology, otolaryngologists call the limitation of the maximum duration of taking vasoconstrictor drugs to 3 days.

Video

This video talks about the features of drug rhinitis.

conclusions

Summarizing the information provided, the following conclusions can be drawn:

1. It should not be taken for the treatment of respiratory diseases for longer than 3-5 days.
2. If you experience discomfort or signs of medical rhinitis, you should immediately consult a doctor.
3. The basis of the complex therapy of the disorder is drugs based on glucocorticosteroids, which provide the opposite effect to that caused by the use of vasoconstrictor drugs.
4. Effective treatment of pathology is possible with the use of complex treatment of deviation.

Drug rhinitis is a disease in which there is a chemical lesion of the nasal mucosa associated with uncontrolled intake of vasoconstrictor drugs. What is drug rhinitis, its treatment and symptoms should be known to every person - for timely access to a doctor, diagnosis and treatment. According to ICD 10, drug (vasomotor) rhinitis has the code J30.

Etiology

The main reason leading to the occurrence of this pathology is the use of nasal drops with a vasoconstrictive effect for a long time. Often their use is not agreed with the doctor and is completely unreasonable.

Important! It is believed that for the first signs of drug-induced rhinitis to appear, it is enough to use vasoconstrictors for only 14 days, and this condition can occur in both an adult and a child.

Uncontrolled use of the following drugs leads to vasomotor rhinitis:

• Naphthyzin;
• Nazivin;
• Sanorin;
• Vibrocil;
• Otrivin;
• Xilin;
• Nazol.

These drugs begin to act almost immediately after their use, however, the duration of the effect is short, and congestion becomes stronger each time due to addiction to the medication.

During the intake of the above medicines, a number of changes occur in the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity, which are subsequently very difficult to reverse, namely:

1. Metaplasia of the squamous type develops (the process consists in the almost complete replacement of the ciliated cylindrical epithelium, which is usual for the nasal cavity, with a stratified squamous one, which is not typical for this area).
2. The work of special mucous glands is accelerated (in this case, there is a sharp increase in the amount of mucus produced).
3. The permeability of the capillary wall is disturbed (as a result, a pronounced swelling of the mucous membrane appears).
4. The vessels localized on the nasal mucosa expand, which leads to difficulty in nasal breathing.

Important! With each subsequent use, vasoconstrictors give less and less effect, which leads to an increase in the frequency of their administration and aggravation of the already existing symptoms of vasomotor rhinitis.

Clinical symptoms

The main symptom of drug rhinitis is severe nasal congestion. You can’t get rid of it with ordinary nasal drops. They will only aggravate the chronic swelling of the nasal mucosa.

In addition to congestion, this disease is characterized by the following symptoms:

• impaired sense of smell up to its complete loss;
• frequent headaches;
• sleep problems (the most pronounced nasal congestion is observed at night);
• increased irritability;
• increased blood pressure;
• the occurrence of signs characteristic of vegetovascular dystonia;
• in severe cases: a feeling of discomfort in the cardiac region.

Medicinal rhinitis is characterized by the almost complete absence of any discharge from the nasal passages. Nasal congestion most often increases in the evening and at night. This is explained by the fact that during this period the activity in a person is minimal, and accordingly, the blood flow in the body decreases, which leads to a decrease in the tone of the vascular wall and expansion of the lumen of the capillaries. As a result, there is a narrowing of the nasal passages, worsening of nasal breathing.

Diagnostic procedures

First, the doctor must collect an anamnesis, specifying the duration of the pathological process, the conditions for its occurrence and the list of medicines that the patient has already used as self-medication. The next step is a visual inspection. In some cases, the diagnosis can be established after questioning and examination. However, in controversial or difficult situations, additional methods are used:

• rhinoscopy - anterior and posterior, endoscopic;
• x-ray examination;
• microscopy of nasal secretion (if any).

During anterior rhinoscopy, reactive hyperemia of the nasal mucosa is detected, which is accompanied by severe swelling and atrophy of the ciliated epithelium.

Important! With posterior rhinoscopy, one can see a sharp narrowing of the lumen of the choanae, an overhang of the fold of the mucous membrane into the nasopharyngeal cavity, which confirms a chronic inflammatory process.

Treatment

The main condition for achieving a positive effect will be complex therapy. The first stage in the treatment of drug-induced rhinitis is the complete rejection of the use of any drugs that have a vasoconstrictive effect. The main goal of therapeutic measures is the most complete restoration of the normal functioning of the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity and turbinates.

Treatment is carried out in several ways:

• drug therapy;
• means of alternative medicine;
• physiotherapy procedures;
• surgical manipulations.

Which type of treatment to choose, the doctor decides, based on the severity of the pathological process and the severity of clinical manifestations.

Drug therapy

Medicamentous rhinitis is unacceptable to be treated with ordinary nose drops, this will only aggravate the course of the process. The use of the following medicines will help get rid of this pathological condition:

• hormonal drugs related to corticosteroids (Nasonex, Fluticasone, Flixonase);
• antihistamines with concomitant allergies (Claritin, Zirtek, Teridin);
• antiseptic and saline solutions (furatsilin, isotonic sodium chloride solution);
• Aquamaris, Aqualor.

The drugs of the first two groups are used in the form of intranasal drops or spray, which are used once or twice a day, according to the instructions. They reduce the severity of the inflammatory reaction and eliminate swelling. The price of these drugs is quite high, ranging from 500 to 1200 rubles. depending on the region, pharmacy and the number of doses in the vial.

Means belonging to the last two groups are widely used for jet washing of the nasal cavity. An alternative to these drugs can be a regular water-salt solution.

Derinat drops or spray are also highly effective in the treatment of drug-induced rhinitis. After cessation of therapy, the return of clinical manifestations is not observed.

Folk recipes for treatment

At home, a good remedy for the treatment of this pathology will be washing the nose with a water-salt solution. For its preparation, it is necessary to dissolve 0.5 tsp. table or sea salt in a glass of warm water. In addition to this remedy, you can rinse the nasal passages with a decoction of chamomile or calendula. These medicinal plants have a good anti-inflammatory effect. You can also use these non-traditional methods:

1. Inhaling the vapors of sage or eucalyptus oils will help ease the process of falling asleep and reduce nighttime nasal congestion.
2. To facilitate nasal breathing, you can instill a mixture of aloe juice and sea buckthorn oil into each nasal passage.
3. Hot foot baths before going to bed will relieve severe nasal congestion and improve nasal breathing for a while, this will help a sick person fall asleep quickly. A similar effect has the application of mustard plasters to the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe feet. They can be fixed and left overnight to enhance the effect.

Important! To reduce swelling of the mucosa, it is necessary to control the level of humidity in the room. In this situation, the use of special humidifiers is justified.

Physiotherapy

To cure vasomotor rhinitis, the following physiotherapy procedures are used:

• exposure to ultraviolet rays;
• inhalation;
• electrophoresis;
• ultrahigh frequency therapy;
• washing the sinuses with various solutions.

It is best to use physiotherapy procedures in combination with the main treatment.

Surgical intervention

Surgical treatment is not a 100% guarantee of getting rid of the medicinal variety of rhinitis. In the event that the operation is performed, but the patient re-starts using drugs with a vasoconstrictor effect, its effect will be reduced to zero.

There are several types of operations in this pathological process:

• vasotomy of the submucosal layer;
• disintegration of shells using radiofrequency radiation;
• laser destruction.

Surgical treatment has a number of contraindications, therefore, it is resorted to only in severe and advanced cases, with the ineffectiveness of other therapeutic methods.

Consequences

With proper and timely treatment, the patency of the nasal passages and the sense of smell are completely restored. But if you do not start therapy, the disease can lead to such consequences:

• frequent headaches;
• sleep disturbance;
• snore.

In especially severe cases, drug-induced rhinitis leads to disruption of the functioning of the endocrine, cardiovascular and other systems.

The basis of prevention is to limit the intake of vasoconstrictor drugs up to three days.

How to treat medical rhinitis, everyone should know. However, it is much more important to know the causes leading to this condition and to prevent its development. You should not treat the common cold with drugs with a vasoconstrictor effect for a long time, as they can do more harm than good.

Drug rhinitis is a very urgent problem in otolaryngology. Today, the symptoms of a runny nose are observed in a large number of people, since allergic rhinitis has become widespread.

Many patients complain of dependence on nasal drops and their ineffectiveness.

This is due to the lack of knowledge about how to properly prescribe treatment and prevent drug-induced rhinitis.

What is a drug (drug) runny nose?

Drug rhinitis is an inflammation of the nasal mucosa that develops as a result of prolonged use of nasal drops or sprays that have a vasoconstrictive effect.

Drug-induced rhinitis has a chronic course, since it develops against the background of developed tachyphylaxis to decongestants (vasoconstrictor drops). Tachyphylaxis is usually called the phenomenon of addiction to the frequent use of drugs.

An early symptom of addiction to nasal drops is a decrease in the effectiveness of their use. The disease gradually becomes chronic and the patient becomes dependent on the use of a nasal spray.

The best way to combat drug-induced (drug) rhinitis are

Further, there is a complete lack of result from the use of the drug. This is due to the fact that the nasal spray stimulates a constant narrowing of the vessels of the nasal cavity, but since in the future the vessels become resistant to its effects, their constant expansion develops, which leads to a round-the-clock release of liquid contents from the nasal cavity.

According to the type of exudation, drug-induced rhinitis resembles vasomotor rhinitis, since the secretion of nasal secretions develops as a result of the chemical influence of the drug.

Drug rhinitis due to drops

The main reason for the development of drug-induced rhinitis is the long-term use of nasal drops with a vasoconstrictive effect or their use in a dosage that exceeds the maximum daily dose for treatment.

Especially important!

Drug rhinitis develops after daily use of nasal drops for more than 2 weeks for the treatment of catarrhal phenomena of the nose.

• Decreased sensitivity of the nasal mucosa to norepinephrine.

Norepinephrine is a hormone of the adrenal medulla, the main function of which is the regulation of vascular tone. Prolonged use of nasal drops leads to the fact that the mucosal receptors become less sensitive to its effects. Gradually, changes in the mucous membrane lead to the fact that the receptors stop responding to changes in the concentration of norepinephrine in the blood.

• The formation of polyps and crusts in the nasal cavity.

The constant intake of vasoconstrictor drugs leads to the development of polyposis changes in the nose. They fill the nasal passage to some extent, which in turn leads to burdening of nasal breathing.

Also, in large quantities, crusts form in the nose. The result of such changes is the narrowing of the common nasal passage. The flow of air through the narrowed nasal passage leads to increased breathing and irritation of the mucous membrane, which provokes the release of mucus from the nose. Often such changes require surgical treatment.

• Atrophic changes in the nasal mucosa.

The constant introduction of a pharmacological drug into the nasal cavity provokes a decrease in the mobility of the ciliated epithelium. "Paralyzed" ciliated epithelium does not fulfill its functional purpose, which leads to the gradual development of the death of the mucous membrane.

• Dystonia of the vessels of the nose.

The change in vascular tone is a direct effect of the use of decongestants. Their introduction stimulates vasoconstriction, which is replaced by irreversible dilation and the development of a runny nose in the patient.

• Long-term use of drugs such as antihypertensive drugs, tranquilizers, hormones.

Antihypertensive drugs for the treatment of pathologies of the cardiovascular system have a systemic effect and lead to vasodilation. The dilated vessels of the nasal cavity stimulate a copious secretion of fluid.

Therefore, a slight runny nose is typical for people suffering from hypertension. Taking hormonal drugs with vasodilatory properties leads to the appearance of constant discharge from the nose. The most modern tranquilizers, in addition to their main functions, affect the tone of the vascular wall, stimulating a decrease in its tone and an increase in exudation from the nose.

• Work in hazardous enterprises.

Work in chemical, pharmaceutical and toxic industries often leads to constant exposure to harmful chemicals of various origins on the mucous membrane and leads to the development of chronic discharge of mucous contents from the nasal cavity. Such rhinitis is difficult to treat.

There are such symptoms of drug rhinitis:

1. microscopic symptoms;
2. macroscopic symptoms;
3. clinical symptoms.

Can drug rhinitis lead to death?

These cases have not been established in medical practice. But with medical rhinitis, snoring appears during sleep, which is deadly.

The clinical symptoms of drug rhinitis include

• Insomnia.
• The development of changes in blood pressure.

At the onset of the disease, nasal sprays have vasoconstrictor properties, which led to vasoconstriction. As a result, blood pressure rises. In the future, the vessels become resistant to the action of decongestants, then patients with drug-induced rhinitis develop arterial hypotension.

• Tachycardia under the influence of decongestants is replaced by chronic bradycardia.
• Development of vegetovascular dystonia.

Violation of vascular tone develops as a result of the use of decongestants. In such cases, it is recommended to prescribe the treatment of rhinitis, which contributes to the disappearance of the symptoms of VVD.

• Sensation of increased palpitation and constriction in the region of the heart.

Variable fluctuations in blood pressure, as well as vascular tone, lead to the development of such pathological sensations as a feeling of increased heartbeat and a feeling of tightness in the chest.

Microscopic symptoms of drug-induced rhinitis include

• Atrophy of the cilia of the ciliated epithelium.
• Enlargement of the glands and goblet cells with the development of hypersecretion.
• Increased vascular permeability.
• Edema development.
• Transformation of a single-layer multi-row ciliated epithelium into a squamous non-keratinized epithelium.

Microscopic symptoms allow confirming the diagnosis of drug-induced rhinitis, as well as differential diagnosis with other forms of the disease.

Macroscopic symptoms

• Decreased olfactory function.

Hyposmia is a consequence of such local changes in the nasal cavity as atrophy of the mucous membrane, dysfunction of the ciliated epithelium, as well as the formation of crusts and polyps.

• Discharge of mucus from the nose.
• Burning and itching.

The composition of nasal secretions includes salts that irritate the receptors and cause the development of hyperemia in the damaged areas of the nasal cavity.

Drug rhinitis why it is impossible to sleep?

Snoring with drug-induced rhinitis develops as a result of narrowing of the lumen of the nasal passages. The air flow becomes turbulent, which also provokes the development of snoring. This provokes a person to constantly wake up from oxygen deficiency.

Treatment of drug rhinitis

There are conservative, surgical and physiotherapeutic treatment of drug-induced rhinitis. The basis of the treatment of medical rhinitis is the refusal to use nasal drops.

How to treat medical rhinitis?

Especially important!

Refusal to use vasoconstrictor drops should be gradual. If you abruptly abandon the use of drops, then the risk of developing symptoms of acute drug-induced rhinitis with characteristic secretions and swelling of the nasal mucosa increases.

In severe cases It is not always possible to cure drug-induced rhinitis in this way. The following medicines are highly effective in the treatment of a severe degree of drug-induced rhinitis:

• Corticosteroid drugs (Fluticazole, Avamys).

To surgical treatment drug rhinitis resorted to in cases of:

• Ineffectiveness of conservative therapy.
• Lack of response to treatment with Avamys in pregnant women.
• Extensive nasal polyps.

Surgery The most advanced treatment for drug-induced rhinitis today is to:

• Conchotomy (partial or complete removal of the nasal mucosa in the lower or middle region).
• vessels of the nasal mucosa.
• Turbinoplasty and septoplasty.

After surgical treatment, the use of those nasal drops that provoked the development of a runny nose is strictly contraindicated.

1. At light degree of rhinitis for treatment, it is enough to abandon the use of drops. Thus, the treatment of drug rhinitis depends on the severity.
2. At middle severity, treatment of drug rhinitis is based on the additional use of additional drug therapy.
3. At severe severity, surgical treatment of drug rhinitis is indicated.

To get rid of drug-induced rhinitis, it is recommended to prescribe such physiotherapy procedures:

• ultraviolet irradiation;
• Inhalation of medicinal herbs;
• electrophoresis;

Also, in order to improve the results of treatment, it is recommended to do daily wet cleaning, walk in the fresh air and during the treatment and prevention of respiratory diseases.