"Red Book of Plants and Animals" - Ginseng. The grown-up cranes begin to take care of themselves. The bison is the largest mammal in Europe. The name “Venus’s slipper” came to us from time immemorial. Lotus is found here in the Caspian Sea and in Asia. And indeed, the flower of the lady's slipper is very similar to the graceful slipper of a beauty. The bison is listed in the International Red Book.
“Animal and plant cells” - Make a general conclusion: Preparation of a cut potato tuber preparation. What are the structural features of onion skin cells? Preparation of onion skin preparation. Using a dissecting needle, scrape a little pulp from the potato cut. Draw the cells of the onion skin. Examine the prepared preparation first under low magnification.
“Animals and plants of the Krasnodar region” - Caucasian otter. Red Book of the Krasnodar Territory. Scillas are not yet in danger of disappearing in the region. Big Utrish. Conclusion of the survey: Apsheronsky. Area - 262.5 hectares. In the Krasnodar region there are animals and plants that are threatened with extinction. The egg capsule is yellow. Caucasian snowdrop. 1. What are the endangered plants and animals of Kuban (names)?
“Poisonous plants and animals” - Poisonous plants constantly or periodically contain substances that are toxic to humans and animals. In most cases, poisoning is manifested by nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. Poisonous plants. Poisoning with plant poisons occurs mainly in the warm season when eating unknown or inedible plants that are externally similar to edible species.
“Animals and plants of Kuban” - There are crayfish and turtles. There are a lot of gobies in the Black and Azov Seas. Flora and Fauna of Kuban. In recent years, there has been a downward trend in the numbers of a number of animal species. Plants. Fish. Bioresources of sushi. The fauna of the region, which occupies the Western part of the Caucasus, is rich and diverse. Bears can also be found in subalpine meadows.
“Plants and Animals of the Forest” - Do the animals live on the same floor? Animals are animals whose bodies are covered with fur. Who are zoologists? Construction materials. Do all insects live in the forest? Shrubs. Trees. Forest. Protection of air, fields and rivers. Are plants and animals related? Forest is the wealth of the people. Are the animals arranged in tiers? The connection between living and inanimate nature.
Plants produce oxygen through photosynthesis, without which we could not exist. Moreover, plants are an effective source of medicines we use today. Today there are about 300 thousand known plant species. Of these species, 12,914, nearly 68 percent, are at risk of extinction. Plants cannot move freely, and this especially contributes to their extinction. Global warming is another important cause of extinction.
Reasons that make plants disappear
The extinction began about 100 million years ago and is a natural process due to the geological transformation of the Earth. Based on fossil research, it is believed that only 2-4 percent of all species that have ever existed survive.
Almost 16,928 species of plants and animals face the threat of extinction. The most important cause of extinction is habitat degradation. For this reason, 91% of plants face the threat of extinction.
Thanks to human activity on the planet, Over the past 500 years, about 869 species of plants and animals have disappeared.
Endangered plants
Here are some plants that are on the verge of extinction.
Bottom line
As we can see, many plant species have already become extinct due to human intervention in a balanced environment, or even without his help. For the same reasons, many of them are on the verge of extinction. However, it is not too late to save the latter, and the least we can do is do not trample or pick flowers, do not cut down trees unnecessarily, and also plant at least one tree in your life.
In 1948, in the city of Fontainebleau (France), at an international conference, the International Union for Conservation of Nature was founded, which was subsequently transformed into the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN). One of the main tasks of the IUCN was to identify species of animals and plants that are on the verge of extinction and require immediate human care and the development of recommendations for their salvation. To carry out this mission, a permanent Rescue Service Commission, the Rare Species Commission, was created in 1949. The commission included prominent zoologists from various countries of the world. The participants did a great job of compiling a list of rare and endangered animal species, indicating the reasons for this condition around the world.
Compiling the first version of the Red Book required 14 years of hard work. The red color of the Book is symbolic, because it means prohibition, attention, SOS! In 1949, Peter Scott, Chairman of the Commission on Rare Species of Animals, proposed calling the Book Red, so that even its very name would attract people's attention and make them think about the barbaric destruction of nature.
The different colors of the pages of the book allow readers to better understand what threat is currently looming over this or that type of wildlife.
Yes, on yellow pages those animals listed in the Red Book of the World are presented, the number of which is rapidly declining, but does not yet pose a threat of extinction. Conservation species.
On white pages rare species of flora and fauna are presented.
Gray Pages contain little-studied fauna and plants.
Green The Red Book identifies species that were saved from extinction, extinction, and brought the situation from a critical point.
Black pages contain images of animals and plants that can no longer be seen. Extinct species.
1963 - The first edition of the Red Book is published in two volumes.
The first volume contained information about 211 species and subspecies of mammals, and the second - about 312 species and subspecies of birds. Each species had a separate page, which contained information in a concise form about the current and past distribution, status, total number and reproduction in nature, the reasons for the decline in numbers, measures already taken and necessary for their protection, the number of animals kept in captivity, and data on their reproduction.
1966-1971 — published The second edition of the Red Book consisted of three volumes. They included information on the number of species and subspecies of birds, mammals, reptiles and amphibians. Each volume was made in the form of a desk calendar, any sheet of which could be replaced with a new one.
1972 - The Third Edition of the Red Book was published. The description of the species in it began with a description of the status and current state of the species, followed by geographic distribution, population structure and numbers, habitat characteristics, current protection measures, an assessment of the possibilities of renewing the species kept in zoos, and sources of information were also given.
1978-1980 — the latest Fourth Edition of the Red Book has been published. This publication includes 226 species and 79 subspecies of mammals, 181 species and 77 subspecies of birds, 77 species and 21 subspecies of reptiles, 35 species and 5 subspecies of amphibians, 168 species and 25 subspecies of fish. Among them are 7 restored species and subspecies of mammals, 4 of birds, and 2 species of reptiles.
The publication of the first issues of the International Red Book gave a powerful impetus to the creation of national and regional Red Books and lists.
Now many countries in Europe, Central Asia, Southeast Asia, the USA, South America, South Africa, as well as Australia, New Zealand, Japan, Korea, etc. have similar publications.
Nature is beautiful in its versatility. A variety of rare plants are hidden in all corners of the vast planet. It is impossible to pick them as a gift for someone, you cannot buy them in a flower shop, because they are practically never found and are protected by law. It is only in our power to preserve unique species and let them live not only as references on the pages of school textbooks and reference books.
We will describe the most unique plant species in the world in this article.
Midlemist red
Originally exported from China in 1854, this flower is a rare one, with only two specimens left in the world - in the UK and New Zealand. He was destroyed in his homeland. The gardener who miraculously took him to Europe had no idea what gift he would give to humanity in the future.
The last time a plant of this species bloomed was in 2010. It is shaped like a bowl with neat rows of soft pink petals inside.
Franklin tree
The beautiful snow-white plant was discovered in 1765 by two botanists from Philadelphia - William and John Bartra. He was named after Benjamin Franklin, a good friend of William's father.
Alatamaha Franklinia (the second name of the species) was listed as rare in the nineteenth century. It was very difficult to breed him due to his rather whimsical character. Three years ago this plant bloomed for the first time in two hundred years.
The plant comes from China. It was first discovered in 1907 in Hubei province. Basically, today this species grows in botanical gardens. It is rarely found in mountainous areas - at an altitude of up to a thousand meters above sea level.
Its unique feature is the color of its petals. During flowering they are white, and later acquire an intense red color.
Lady's slipper
The flower got its name due to its shape, which resembles a woman’s (Venus) shoe. This is the reason for its popularity, which led to the inclusion of the species on the list of the rarest throughout Europe and the world. The population drops especially during the tourist season, as people pick the plant in order to bring it home and plant it.
An interesting feature of the flower is known to many - thanks to its unearthly appearance, the trap hidden inside is completely invisible. This is what gullible flying insects, usually bees, fall for. They land on the smooth, shiny “shoe”, the lip of the plant, and easily roll down. To get out, they need to leave their pollen - only at this price will they be able to crawl through a special hole.
Jade flower (Strongylodon macrocarpal)
This vine-shaped plant immediately attracts attention due to its unusual shape. Another interesting feature is the color. It's not just the beautiful turquoise and blue shades, but also the fact that Strongylodon tends to glow at night. Due to this, it is pollinated by bats, which are attracted by the unusual brightness of the petals.
At home, the plant does not take root well, but in botanical gardens it was possible to grow a few specimens. The main reason for the extinction of this flower is massive deforestation.
Chocolate space
The velvet-colored Mexican flower is almost artificially bred. At one time in its homeland it was considered almost a weed, but when they realized it, it was already too late - there was only one bush of this species left, from which they managed to get a few seeds for the whole world. This is an amazing plant that truly has a chocolate aroma.
In nature, it grows poorly, as it has a rather capricious disposition due to its homeland of Mexico, where it is always warm. In addition, it is very difficult to care for a flower on your own:
- good, frequent watering is necessary; the soil should not be left dry;
- you need to find a semi-dark place, but at the same time make sure that the plant gets enough sunlight;
- when frosts arrive, it is recommended to replant chocolate cosmos in a warm place, otherwise the tubers may die.
Parrot beak
The brightly fiery plant, originally from the Canary Islands, has long been bred only artificially. This is due to pollinators - previously they were sunbirds, which became extinct, and it was not possible to replace them with other species due to incompatibility. Since then, the flower has not grown in the wild. The inhabitants of Europe settled him in their greenhouses.
Gibraltar tar
This is a mountain plant. It looks like the simplest of those presented on this list. Its flowers will not surprise you with their pretentiousness or bright color, and the stems will not be the tallest in the world. Nevertheless, the climbers still fell in love with Gibraltar gum, carefully collected the seeds and gave them to specialists. A little later, scientists transferred the plant to botanical gardens.
From a distance it may seem that these are ordinary thickets of wildflowers. But get closer and you will see the delicate lilac shade of the petals in the shape of an elongated heart.
Ghost Orchid
A fragile, pale flower balances on a thin stem that is swayed by a stormy wind. The only hope is the tree on which the plant is located. These “ghost flowers” appear unexpectedly, bloom several times, and then disappear again. This feature gave the plant its name.
The flower's homeland is Florida, where it was first noticed. Being extremely whimsical, plants can remain underground for a long time and appear only when it is really warm.
Wild lupine
This unusual blue plant is native to the Mediterranean and Africa. Its petals tend upward. The flower is sensitive to climate change, which is why it began to die out after industry began to spread throughout the world, and people completely forgot about ecology. In addition, the plant is of industrial interest to humans:
- its seeds contain up to 50% protein;
- there is also oil similar to olive;
- The flower is an excellent food for fish and animals.
Kokyo
This tree with a thousand flaming flowers can only be found in Hawaii. The fate of this plant is tragic. It was discovered too late, in 1860 - then only three copies remained. The battle for life continued until 1950, when the last coquio disappeared. However, by luck, we managed to save one branch and graft it onto other trees. This is how new species of cokyo were formed.
As a result, we managed to save one of the most capricious plants, which now delights many tourists. Its main difference is its many bright petals, red, orange and yellow.
Green pitchers frozen motionless over the marshy areas of Australia - this is what this predator plant looks like, the most unusual and strange of all mixotrophs. It stores a pleasant-smelling liquid at the bottom, thanks to which not only insects, but also mammals are caught inside! For example, the plant is capable of absorbing mice, which are so intoxicated by nectar that they lose their minds and fall into the depths. 
This discovery was made after people complained of an unpleasant odor emanating from one such jug. As a result, they found the skeleton of a rat inside. Unfortunately, the plant is distributed only in a few areas of the planet, and therefore is rare.
Magnolia macrofolia
Delicate snow buds require careful handling, which is why they grow in places where they are very difficult to disturb - for example, in gorges along rivers. The plant needs moist soil. It is not afraid of frost, despite its thin leaves and the need for protection.
The flower has joined the list of endangered plant species. Picking large-leaved magnolia is prohibited by law - it is illegal and fraught with punishment.
Kadupul
This most amazing flower cannot even be picked - it only lives for one night. It is this feature that makes people from all over the world come to the plant’s homeland, Sri Lanka, in order to take photographs as a souvenir.
There is a legend: at midnight, when the kadupul blooms, the mythical Nagas, demigods with the body of a snake, take this flower to later present it to the Buddha.
Only through joint efforts is it possible to save endangered species and prevent those plants, of which there are many, from dying. Remember the sad example: chocolate cosmos was considered a weed, and now they are trying to recreate it bit by bit... It is better to learn from the sad experience of past generations and not repeat the same terrible mistakes.
Every year the world is getting closer to an environmental disaster. Each of us has the power to push back the worst date by becoming a little kinder to others. You shouldn’t pick an innocent plant just for a bouquet - it’s better to try to increase its population, because then it will be able to delight you not for three days, but for a whole year, being alive and beautiful.
Their population continues to grow.
Animals on the planet not only disappear, but are also reborn. Man not only destroys them, but also protects them. In this article we will talk about rescued representatives of the fauna, reports Fresher.
Snow leopard
2008: approximately 2000-3000 animals
2017: 7500 animals
This magnificent cat is one of the symbols of Siberia and the Far East. The snow leopard lives in inaccessible mountain ranges, which complicates its observation, but does not prevent poaching for the sake of its valuable skin, the spots on which are unique, like human fingerprints. Leopards also often fall into snare traps set for other animals. Since the beginning of the century, the population has decreased by 20%, and the species is in danger of extinction.
In recent years, 12 countries of Central Asia, including China, Kyrgyzstan, Bhutan, Mongolia, and Russia, have been implementing programs to protect the species, including the creation of special natural areas and the fight against poaching. Moreover, in addition to fines, the authorities are moving towards improving the quality of life of regional residents, educational work and even involving former hunters in security measures.
On September 14, 2017, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and Natural Resources officially transferred the leopard from the category of “endangered species” to “vulnerable”. But this does not mean that the snow leopard now does not need protection, it’s just that the population decline has slowed down and there is even a slight increase in some regions.
Giant panda
XI-XII centuries: already considered a rarity.
2017: approximately 2060 animals.
There are 1,864 adult pandas in the world. There are about 200 cubs, but there is no exact data. It is now almost impossible to meet an adorable bamboo bear in the wild. The giant panda was destroyed by poachers, was under pressure from civilization (deforestation), and was even the subject of diplomacy (China used the animals to improve relations with partner countries). In addition, it does not reproduce well in captivity.
The giant panda is endemic; it was considered a rarity 1000 years ago, although the exact number of animals is not recorded in the chronicles for obvious reasons. A disaster almost happened in the 80s of the last century, but the view has been preserved and is gradually being restored. The IUCN downgraded giant pandas from endangered to vulnerable in 2016. It's simple - killing a bear in China carries the death penalty. And in rehabilitation centers, the entire staff works for pandas - from cleaners to nannies.
Przewalski's horse
1969: 0 animals in the wild.
2017: 2000 animals.
“They swept past like a hurricane and instantly disappeared from view” - this is how Przhevalsky recalled his first meeting with a wild horse in Mongolia. However, in 1969 this species disappeared from the wild. If it weren’t for the descendants of 11 animals captured in Dzungaria at the beginning of the 20th century, located in a number of zoos around the planet, one could only speak about Przewalski’s horses in the past tense.
There are now about 2,000 Przewalski's horses in the world, and the main threat to them is closely related ties, which limit the viability of the species.
Amur tiger
1940: 40 animals.
2017: 600 animals.
Tiger hunting (the price of a tiger skin on the black market today can reach up to a million rubles) and the reduction of the habitat due to deforestation of the taiga have led to an environmental disaster. Measures to restore the population began in the second half of the 20th century and continued in the 21st. In 2012, the Sredneussuriysky nature reserve was created, along which the migration route of Amur tigers to China passes. In 2013, the Foundation for the Protection of Amur Tigers was created in Russia. The extermination of the animal has decreased, and today there is a slow but steady increase in the population. On September 22, 2017, Governor of Primorsky Krai Vladimir Miklushevsky announced that the number of Amur tigers in Primorye had reached 460 individuals. In total, there are 550 tigers in Russia (there are also in the Khabarovsk Territory), and 10% of the world population lives in Manchuria - in total there are approximately just over 600 tigers in the world.
Northern fur seal
911: 9600 animals.
2017: 1.1 million animals.
The famous naturalist Georg Steller (the same doctor who discovered Steller's cow to the world) described the northern fur seal in 1741. He spoke of the "countless herds of cats" that lined the coasts of the North Pacific Ocean. If the seals had been less agile, they would have suffered the same fate as the aforementioned cow, which has been dead for almost three centuries.
Uncontrolled fishing has led to a sharp decline in the species' numbers. Localization on a large number of islands allowed us to avoid complete destruction. You can see how the population developed on the Commander Islands: from 1.5 million individuals (one of the largest populations in the world) by 1911, only 9,600 remained here. This drop in the number of seals led to the conclusion of the International Convention on their protection, which was signed by the USA and Canada , Japan and Russia. Two more conventions (1923 and 1957) secured the protection of the species, and its numbers began to increase. Today, the population of the northern fur seal in the world is estimated at 1.1 million. In Russia, on Bering Island, fishing is still carried out on a small scale.
Koala
1910s: a critical decline in the population from many millions to several tens of thousands.
2017: 80,000 animals.
The cute marsupial of the Green Continent has always suffered from massive epidemics of chlamydia - it is also called koala AIDS. And since the end of the 19th century, extermination due to thick fur has been added to them.
Koalas are trusting and somewhat slow. Hunters easily lured animals into traps, removed them directly from the branches and shot them at close range. Instead of running away or defending itself, a koala freezes in a stressful situation. This condition has even been called “koala stress syndrome.” The result was the mass extermination of animals throughout the continent; the number of skins numbered hundreds of thousands.
In 1927, the government banned koala hunting and by 1954, progress was being made in restoring the species. Today, the Australian Koala Foundation estimates there are approximately 80,000 animals in the country. But environmentalists note another threat - the cutting down of eucalyptus forests where koalas live for development. Animals are forced to migrate in search of new habitats and become victims of cars and dogs. They also suffer from fires. Those who can be helped are selected by staff at rehabilitation centers, treated and released into the wild. Since 2012, koalas have been classified as vulnerable.
Bermuda petrel
0 birds according to historical documents. 1951: 17 nests.
2005 - 250 birds.
The Bermuda typhoon is a small bird that lives in the triangle of the same name and is notable for its heart-rending cry. The Spanish colonialists mistook it for the screams of demons, were very frightened and did not go deeper into the jungle, building housing only on the coast. The bird was no longer seen in the forests in 1621, which was facilitated by the mass breeding of pigs, the appearance of rats and cats, as well as uncontrolled shooting.
However, in 1951, while working on the islands of the archipelago of a scientific expedition led by Castle Harbor, scientists discovered in the rocks the nesting places of a seemingly extinct species - those same typhoons. Naturalists began to erect protective fences in an attempt to save the species from its enemy, the white-tailed phaeton.
That piece of land became a natural reserve for the typhoon. But in 2003, Hurricane Fabian caused significant damage to the birds’ habitat: nests were destroyed and the area was littered with trees. The affected areas had to be repopulated with chicks. It remains to add that the typhoon is recognized as a symbol of Bermuda.
Eurasian river beaver
1918: about 1000 individuals.
2017: there is virtually no threat to the species.
The sharp decline in the number of beavers is entirely the fault of man, who exterminated the largest rodent in Europe for the sake of valuable fur and beaver stream, which has long been attributed to the properties of a cure for everything in the world. To get a beaver stream, you need to hunt the animal and carefully cut out the gland without damaging the shell. It is impossible to obtain a stream without killing the beaver.
At the beginning of the twentieth century, animals practically disappeared. The huge range covering Europe, Scandinavia, Russia has been reduced to rare foci. Thanks to quickly taken measures to ban beaver hunting, the decline in the population was stopped. Projects for the reintroduction of species from other regions began to be implemented. So, in the middle of the last century, 700 individuals were brought to Belarus and released into reservoirs throughout the country. Today the animal is protected in all countries where it lives. There is practically no threat to the species - the beaver lives in 63 regions of Russia.
Mountain gorilla
1981: 253 animals.
2012: 880 animals.
Gorillas of this species can reach a height of 150 cm and a weight of 195 kg. Giants are a coveted trophy for poachers, who still catch the cubs of these primates (the cost of one “baby” reaches $9,000). In addition, in the central part of the continent, forests are constantly being cleared for the export of valuable timber and gorillas are losing their habitat.
In 1981, there were 253 gorillas in the Virunga Range. The animals live on the border of the Democratic Republic of Congo, Rwanda and Uganda. In 2012, there were already about 880 individuals. The progressive restoration of numbers is associated with increased control in protected areas. Every day, special patrols travel around the territories of nature reserves to prevent hunting of animals. Killing a gorilla today carries a fine of $10,000 and eight months in prison.
