“An obstetrician-gynecologist is a person who looks for problems where others look for happiness,” says someone’s joke. What do they base their diagnoses on?« threats» some doctors, intimidating women about possible pregnancy loss? Most often they use three criteria, separately or together:« hypertonicity» on ultrasound, pain in the lower abdomen, spotting.

Let's talk O« hypertonicity» . Actually concepts « hypertonicity » in obstetrics, no (except for rare cases of uterine hypertonicity during childbirth). This term is a creation of post-Soviet ultrasound specialists, often based on an erroneous understanding of what they see when performing an ultrasound of the pelvic organs.
Firstly, the uterus is a muscular organ, so the muscles must be in a certain tone, and not completely relaxed or, on the contrary, compressed or contracted.
Secondly, increased tone, or local contraction of the muscles of the uterus, is not hypertonicity. In the early stages of pregnancy, talking about hypertonicity of the uterus or its parts is a manifestation of ignorance of the processes of uterine contraction.
Thirdly, uterine contractions, especially intense ones, since we are talking about « hypertonicity », are manifested by pain, and very severe pain.

Increased tone, or contractility of the uterus, can occur both during pregnancy and outside of pregnancy - the main thing is to understand the cause and correctly recognize this as normal or pathological. For example, the closer to menstruation, the more often uterine contractions occur (and women often have erotic dreams at night), which is the norm. With inflammatory processes of the pelvic organs, the uterus can be tense, in a state of increased muscle tone. Nervous tension and emotional stress, during which a large amount of active biological substances are released into the blood, can also be accompanied by increased contractility of the uterus.
Muscle contractions that can be called “hypertonicity” » , nothing more than cramps. When convulsive spasms appear in the legs (and this occurs in many people of different ages) for a serious reason or, seemingly, for no reason at all, isn’t this a temporary hypertonicity of certain areas of the muscles of the body? The person experiences a lot of pain. Therefore, when they talk about “hypertonicity” of the uterus on an ultrasound, and at the same time the woman does not even know that she has “something wrong there,” logically such a conclusion raises a suspicious question: was the doctor imagining it?

Statement that"hypertonicity» uterus in pregnant women is a direct path to miscarriage, is inaccurate and far from correct. With the onset of pregnancy, the uterus enters a state of increased tone for many reasons. Firstly, the back wall of the uterus is thicker than the front wall, since the blood supply there is better, so most often the embryo is attached along the back wall. Many doctors performing ultrasound do not know this feature, and therefore take the difference in the sizes of the two walls of the uterus (anterior and posterior) as abnormal. Since the posterior wall is thicker, it means that it is contracted and is in “hypertonicity” » , and it turns out that “you, woman, have hypertension, a threat! »
Secondly, when receiving a fertilized egg, its villi, which are embedded in the wall of the uterus, the area of the uterus where implantation occurs, becomes inflamed. And this is the norm. The same thing happens during the engraftment of a transplant organ - the border of contact with the foreign tissue (organ) becomes slightly inflamed, and this is a good sign regarding successful engraftment. Inflammation does not mean the presence of infection. In medicine, inflammation is a process - certain biochemical reactions leading to physical manifestation at the level of biological tissues.
The area of the uterus where implantation takes place becomes inflamed, which is a very good sign, because in this area blood circulation increases, important substances necessary for successful implantation appear, a number of other substances that are produced by the mother’s body and the embryo are delivered with blood to this area, so that the implantation is successful. Of course, on ultrasound this area may look swollen, which is mistakenly taken for “hypertonicity.” » and an arsenal of “preserving” weapons is immediately assigned » therapy that actually saves nothing. Many foreign doctors claim that increased uterine tone in the early stages of pregnancy cannot be seen using ultrasound. Many doctors also do not take into account the fact that irritation of the cervix by the ultrasound machine sensor or pressure on the anterior wall of the abdomen can provoke uterine contractions - a mechanical factor, which is again taken as a deviation from the norm - a “threat” » . The longer the pregnancy, the more often the uterus contracts, including in certain areas of the uterine wall (locally).

For the uterus and the entire female body, pregnancy is a completely new condition in quality, so the reaction to the new organism that appears in the uterus can be different for each woman. Intense flows of nerve impulses into the lumbar spine lead to its overstrain, which in turn affects the appearance of unpleasant sensations in the lower abdomen. The pain is tingling (it stings here, then in another place), does not increase, and migrates. Other women experience a "whining" » pain in the lower abdomen and lumbar back, somewhat similar to pain before or during menstruation. Pain can be felt when moving, bending the body, or squatting. The main feature of "normal" » pain - it does not increase in strength and frequency, is not cramping, does not occur regularly, and is not accompanied by bleeding or an increase in it. There is no need to take any painkillers, because the intensity of such pain is very tolerable. If you cannot bear the pain, then it is best to see a doctor for an examination, but it is not advisable to take painkillers before going to the doctor.
From 11-12 weeks of pregnancy, the uterus begins to contract more often, which is the norm. And the longer the term, the more reductions. After 20 weeks, many women may feel these contractions in the form of sudden, mild, short-term pain in the lower abdomen, or as a feeling of hardening, heaviness, which goes away after a few seconds (“as if the uterus has shrunk » ). These uterine contractions are not preparation for childbirth, and in fact there is no special preparation of the uterus for childbirth until the last weeks of pregnancy. This is a normal physiological activity of the pregnant uterus. The longer the pregnancy, the more sensitive the uterus is to the rotation of the fetus, the touch of hands or sensors on the anterior wall of the abdomen or cervix, stimulation of the nipples, and in such cases it responds with a contraction similar to contractions. Again, it is important to remember that such contractions are normal if they are irregular, sporadic and do not occur in any pattern.

Increasing progesterone levels lead to decreased intestinal motility. Because of this and against the background of an unbalanced diet, many pregnant women begin to suffer from constipation. Inactivity also worsens the situation, since many women are afraid to move as soon as they find out that they are pregnant, and immediately “grow » to the bed to maintain pregnancy. As a result, bloating and heaviness in the intestines are often accompanied by colic in the lower abdomen, which is immediately mistaken for a threat or ectopic pregnancy. There are many such cases of false panic. In addition, a large amount of feces and poor functioning of the large intestine leads to stagnation of blood in the pelvis and, in fact, to self-poisoning of the body with its own waste. Therefore, it is necessary to regulate bowel function from the very first weeks of pregnancy. Laxatives (carrying agents) that enhance intestinal motility cannot be taken during pregnancy, just like enemas, so it is advisable to take measures to correct nutrition, and also not to forget about physical activity.

Continued in my pregnancy books...

Pregnancy is an almost magical state, well, at least definitely miraculous. Naturally, at this time a woman simply must be attentive to herself and very careful. During pregnancy, a woman faces a huge number of dangers and unpleasant diagnoses. One of the most common diagnoses is the so-called uterine tone during pregnancy, or uterine hypertonicity. What does “Uterus in good shape” mean?

The uterus is a hollow muscular organ consisting of three layers: the outer mucous membrane - the perimeter, the middle muscular layer - the myometrium and the inner mucous membrane - the endometrium. Myometrium is smooth muscle tissue capable of contraction, for example, it contracts during childbirth. However, in its natural state, this muscle should be relaxed; this state is usually called normal uterine tone.

If during pregnancy, but before the onset of labor, the uterus begins to contract, they say that the tone of the uterus is increased during pregnancy. It’s worth making a reservation here: since the process of muscle contraction is natural, it is not always the case that the uterus is in good shape is a problem.

In Western medicine, this condition is considered a normal physiological process. Of course, if this diagnosis is not associated with other symptoms that cause discomfort or indicate serious disorders. There is some common sense in this reasoning, because even in the process of sneezing or laughing, almost all muscles contract, including the uterus. The same applies to ordinary orgasm. Affects the condition of the uterus and the psychological state of the pregnant woman. Very often, tension in the muscles of the uterus is observed during a gynecological examination.

However, the peculiarity of uterine tone in all these cases is its short duration. And this condition usually does not cause any unpleasant sensations. It’s another matter if the uterus is in good shape for a long time. Constant tone of the uterus during pregnancy is fraught with the most unpleasant consequences for the fetus, and for maintaining the pregnancy too.

Why is uterine tone dangerous?

The consequences of uterine hypertonicity can be very dire, including spontaneous miscarriage, if we are talking about uterine tone in the early stages of pregnancy, to premature birth, if we are talking about uterine tone in the second or third trimester of pregnancy.

Most often, uterine tone is observed precisely in the early stages, when uterine tension can complicate the process of implantation of the fertilized egg, and can also cause its rejection or death. In this case, they talk about spontaneous miscarriage.

Sometimes uterine tone occurs before childbirth, in which case it is customary to talk about training contractions. They are generally not dangerous. In this way, the uterus prepares for the birth process, roughly speaking, it trains.

May threaten the tone of the uterus and the condition of the baby. So, due to the fact that the tense muscles of the uterus compress the vessels of the umbilical cord, the fetus may not receive enough oxygen, which entails the development of hypoxia. If, for the same reason, the baby does not receive additional nutrients, then malnutrition and growth arrest may develop.

Causes of uterine hypertonicity

The reasons for uterine tone during pregnancy can be very diverse. So, above we have already described why the uterus can become toned for natural reasons. Unfortunately, in many cases, the causes of hypertension lie in a variety of problems associated with pregnancy.

It is almost impossible to list and describe all the causes of hypertension in one article, but we will try to give readers as much information as possible about such a common diagnosis. After all, more than 60% of women are diagnosed with increased uterine tone at least once during their entire pregnancy.

In the early stages, the cause of a toned uterus is most often a lack of the hormone progesterone. During pregnancy up to 4 months, this hormone is produced by the so-called corpus luteum, formed at the site of the follicle that burst during release of a mature egg. The main function of progesterone is to prepare the endometrium for implantation of the fertilized egg, as well as to relax smooth muscles in order to prevent the development of uterine tone. Lack of progesterone can thus cause hypertension.

There are other hormonal disorders, the consequence of which can be the same diagnosis. In particular, an excess of certain male hormones. This is why it is very important to closely monitor a woman’s hormonal levels during pregnancy.

Severe toxicosis also affects the condition of the uterus. Especially if accompanied by profuse and frequent vomiting. During vomiting, many muscles of the body, particularly the abdominal cavity, contract. This process also affects the uterus. Unfortunately, toxicosis in the early stages cannot be completely removed; you can only alleviate the woman’s condition a little, but it makes sense to do this too.

Hypertonicity, as well as miscarriage in general, may be associated with the presence of abnormalities in the development of the uterus: the uterus may be bicornuate or saddle-shaped, as well as have other abnormalities. Any anomaly in the development of the uterus creates difficulties for bearing a child, and sometimes makes it impossible.

It is very important that at the time of conception a woman is aware of all her problems, and throughout her pregnancy the woman should be under constant medical supervision. All abnormalities in the development of the uterus will make themselves felt in the very early stages of pregnancy.

In some cases, the cause of uterine tone may be the so-called Rh conflict. If the mother’s blood Rh factor is negative and the child’s father is positive, the woman’s body can reject the fetus as a foreign body. The rejection process will be expressed in an increase in tone.

Some infectious diseases and inflammatory processes in the genital organs or in the uterine cavity also cause an increase in uterine tone. Typically, infections are accompanied by other symptoms, such as: changes in the nature of discharge, pain, itching, and so on.

The cause of tone may be excessive stretching of the uterus. This condition occurs if the fetus is too large or the pregnancy is multiple. Also, stretching of the uterus occurs with polyhydramnios.

The list can be almost endless: tumors, abortions/miscarriages before real pregnancy, and so on - all this can also cause uterine tone and other painful conditions. We have not yet touched upon psychological problems, tension and stress, which also affect the state of smooth muscles.

There are also completely prosaic reasons. Thus, the tone of the uterus often develops due to the intestines, more precisely, due to strong gas formation and altered intestinal peristalsis.

The main thing you need to understand and remember from this section is that uterine tone is a symptom, so it would be fundamentally wrong to treat it as an independent disease. It is always necessary to conduct additional research and establish an accurate diagnosis, and only then prescribe treatment.

Symptoms: how to determine that the uterus is toned?

How to determine the tone of the uterus yourself? In most cases this will not be difficult to do. Symptoms of uterine tone during pregnancy are simple and understandable, although they vary at different stages.

Symptoms of increased uterine tone in the early stages of pregnancy are heaviness in the lower abdomen, nagging pain, as during menstruation, sometimes these pains radiate to the lower back or sacral area. Symptoms of uterine tone in the second and third trimester are almost the same, in addition, at such times hypertonicity can be noticed even visually: the abdomen contracts, becomes hard, the uterus “turns to stone.” In general, every woman can easily understand how the tone of the uterus feels during pregnancy.

In some cases, the tone of the uterus is manifested by spotting and spotting. These are very alarming symptoms, you need to immediately call an ambulance and try to calm down. In most cases, with timely treatment, pregnancy can be saved. It remains to add that in some cases the tone of the uterus is asymptomatic, or rather, the woman may not feel them.

Diagnosis of uterine tone

There are several methods for medical diagnosis of uterine hypertonicity. It is often noticeable even during a simple gynecological examination. However, the most common diagnostic method is ultrasound. An ultrasound shows the condition of the uterine muscles. In particular, it is ultrasound that shows pathologies such as uterine tone along the posterior or anterior wall of grade 1 or 2. The fact is that the tone along one of the walls of the uterus is expressed by a change in its shape, and the degree directly depends on which wall the fetus is attached to.

There are also special devices that measure the tone of the uterus. However, they are not widely used due to the fact that diagnosing this problem is not difficult. It can be much more difficult to determine the cause of tone.

Hypertonicity of the uterus: treatment

But now, the diagnosis is known, the uterus is in good shape. What to do? First of all, listen to your doctor's advice. The choice of treatment largely depends on how strong the tone of the uterus is during pregnancy, as well as on what causes it. If the situation is not associated with a serious risk, treatment of uterine tone during pregnancy is carried out on an outpatient basis.

The woman is advised to remain in bed and is prescribed antispasmodics, usually no-shpu or papaverine. Magnesium B6 and sodalite agents, for example, motherwort, are often prescribed for uterine tone. Please note that all these remedies should only relieve the tone of the uterus during pregnancy; in addition, you will probably be prescribed other medications that should cure the cause of the appearance of tone.

So, if we are talking about a lack of progesterone, then the woman is prescribed a drug containing it. If the cause of uterine tone is an excess of male hormones, then their antipodes are prescribed. In case of toxicosis, they do everything necessary to alleviate this condition, and if the cause is problems with the intestines, it is necessary to reduce gas formation. There is a treatment for both Rhesus conflict and any other diagnosis.

If the tone of the uterus cannot be relieved for a long time, or the situation initially becomes very serious, doctors will insist on hospitalization and further treatment in a hospital. In a hospital, the patient will not be able to systematically violate bed rest, as women usually do while at home: cleaning, cooking and other household chores do not give rest to housewives. In addition, only in a hospital will doctors be able to more closely monitor the condition of the mother and child, as well as promptly reduce the increased tone in order to prevent premature birth from occurring.

Here it is worth making a short digression, in which we will talk about why, starting from the 28th week, they talk about premature birth, although the baby is clearly not full-term yet. The fact is that with the current state of medicine, it is from the 28th week that you can try to save the life of a newborn. Of course, this is far from the best outcome; it is always advisable to extend the pregnancy by at least one more day.

So, if the tone of the uterus at the 26th week of pregnancy provokes the onset of labor, then doctors will do their best to stop it. To do this, tocolytic therapy is carried out, that is, they relax the uterus in every possible way using appropriate regimens and medications. And it is very important to start on time, since at this time the child most likely will not survive. That is why doctors in hospitals fight for every day to preserve pregnancy. Still, uterine tone at 36-38 weeks of pregnancy is not so risky, although it threatens the condition of the fetus. Therefore, after 28 weeks, first of all, they try to maintain the pregnancy.

Should I agree to hospitalization?

Very often women have a question: how necessary is hospitalization? This question is usually asked by those who have older children or those who are afraid of losing their job due to a long absence, they say, the child needs to be fed, money needs to be earned, but no-shpa and papaverine can be taken at home.

Unfortunately, there is no single correct answer here. It all depends on the specific situation: how great the risk of miscarriage or premature birth is, how strong the tone is, and so on. A woman must understand that she refuses hospitalization at her own peril and risk, and she risks, first of all, her unborn child. Is the job, for example, worth the risk? And you can ask your husband, relatives or close friend to look after your older child. There is almost always a solution to the situation.

How to relieve uterine tone at home?

In some cases, tone can actually be relieved at home, and not only with medications, although you should not give them up too hastily. How to relieve uterine tone at home?

The best way to do this is through exercises to tone the uterus. For example, "Cat". You need to get on all fours, raise your head and arch your back, stand in this position for a few seconds, and then slowly return to the starting position. This exercise must be repeated several times, and then lie down for an hour.

It has long been noted that relaxation of the muscles of the uterus helps to relax the muscles of the face. That is why the second exercise recommended for uterine tone is related specifically to the face. You need to lower your head and relax all the muscles of your face and neck as much as possible. You only need to breathe through your mouth.

Sometimes, in order to get rid of the unpleasant sensations and symptoms of hypertonicity that have appeared, it is enough to simply stand in such a position that the uterus is in a suspended position: that is, again, on all fours, with emphasis on the elbows.

By combining this simple set of exercises with sedatives and antispasmodics, uterine tone can be relieved quite quickly. However, do not forget that it is important not only to relieve the tone of the uterus, but also to eliminate the cause, and for this it is important to strictly follow all the instructions of the attending physician. In addition, we consider it our duty to remind you that if this condition cannot be relieved, or the discomfort intensifies, you will still have to agree to hospitalization.

Prevention

Preventing hypertension is a very simple matter. The main thing is to avoid unnecessary physical activity and stress. It is also useful to eat right and follow a daily routine: go to bed and get up at approximately the same time. At this time, proper rest and healthy sleep are very important.

Separately, it is worth mentioning a variety of bad habits, such as drinking alcohol and smoking. Both, as is known, increase, among other things, the risk of uterine tone, and other, even more unpleasant pathologies. Therefore, it is better to give up tobacco and alcohol at the pregnancy planning stage.

Of great importance for prevention and timely detection is constant observation by a gynecologist, as well as timely completion of all related studies: tests, ultrasound, examinations by specialists, and so on. This is especially true if a woman belongs to one of the risk groups.

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One of the most common problems during pregnancy is high uterine tone, which creates an unpleasant pulling sensation in the lower abdomen.

The uterus is a hollow muscular organ that consists of an outer mucosa (perimetrium), a middle one (myometrium) and an inner one (endometrium). The myometrium has the ability to contract, which is especially important during childbirth. When, during the period of carrying a child at different stages, the uterus contracts, doctors note that the tone of the uterus is increased. But a toned uterus is not always a problem, since the muscles are constantly contracting. This happens even when sneezing, coughing, vomiting, laughing, or during a gynecological examination.

The disastrous consequences of increased uterine tone can rarely be. This can result in a miscarriage if we are talking about the tone of the uterus in the early stages of pregnancy. In the later stages, it is fraught with premature birth. And yet, uterine tone is more often observed in the early stages. In this case, the phenomenon threatens the process of implantation (introduction) of the fertilized egg into the endometrium of the uterus. It is even possible that he will be rejected or die. Then the doctors declare a spontaneous miscarriage. It is customary to talk about miscarriage before 28 weeks of pregnancy, and after this period we can already talk about premature birth.

The tone of the uterus in the early stages threatens the normal development of the child. After all, then tense muscles compress the blood vessels, and as a result, the fetus may suffer from oxygen deficiency (hypoxia). When, for this reason, the fetus does not receive nutrients, then malnutrition is possible, that is, growth arrest and even a frozen pregnancy.

This article talks about how to relieve uterine tone in early pregnancy. The article describes the doctor’s recommendations, following which you can reduce the tone of the uterus during pregnancy.

What is uterine tone?

Uterine tone is a characteristic of the state of the uterine muscles, which describes the degree of its tension and is measured in millimeters of mercury.

The following variants of the state of the uterine muscles are distinguished:

The uterus is hypotonic - this is a pathological condition of the uterus, in which its muscles are excessively relaxed, it is a complication of the early postpartum period, the cause of hypotonic uterine bleeding.
- The uterus is in normotonus - this is a physiological state of both the pregnant and non-pregnant uterus, in which the muscles are at rest.
- The uterus is in increased tone - a state of tension in the uterine muscles, which can be either permanent or temporary (contractions during childbirth). An increase in uterine tone can be either in one specific place (local) or involve all parts of the uterus (total).
- Uterine hypertonicity is an anomaly of labor in which the number of contractions in 10 minutes is more than four, i.e. this pathology occurs only during childbirth.

It should be noted that the expression “hypertonicity of the uterus,” which is mistakenly used by some specialists and their patients, implying an increase in uterine tone during pregnancy, is incorrect, because this term describes one of the types of labor anomalies.

Causes of increased uterine tone

Increased uterine tone is very often observed in early or late pregnancy. There are many factors that cause tension in the muscles of the uterus during pregnancy. Usually these are various irritations that can cause tension in a muscle organ: sexual arousal, any physical activity, stress, nervous tension, etc. This phenomenon cannot be neglected, since high uterine tone can be very dangerous.

When a pregnant woman first experiences uterine hypertonicity, she simply needs to tell the doctor about it so that he can send her for ultrasound diagnostics. In the absence of any pathologies, during diagnosis a closed os of the uterus, a cervix over 3 cm in length and a fetal heartbeat should be visible.

These indicators show that the appearance of increased uterine tone is not dangerous for either the pregnant woman or the fetus. If during ultrasound diagnostics a dilation of the uterine pharynx is detected at a distance of more than 5 mm, a small uterus (length from 2.5 to 3 cm), then this indicates a serious risk of miscarriage in the first trimester.

How to relieve uterine tone at home?

The uterus can contract not only under the influence of the factors described above, but also when the bladder or intestines contract. Contraction of the bladder occurs as a result of its filling, and the intestines contract when food enters it. If a woman’s ultrasound diagnosis did not reveal any complications, then the spasms usually go away quickly and do not cause severe pain.

If uterine spasms cause unpleasant painful sensations and are accompanied by any pathologies, then medical help may be required to relieve the tone of the uterus, so you should consult a doctor. If you experience cramps in the lower abdomen, you should try to relieve them yourself. To do this, you need to relax - sit down or lie down, stroking your belly and talking with your future baby.

If possible, you can try taking a relaxing warm bath to relieve uterine tone. When taking a bath, it is not recommended to add various aromatic substances, because they can cause uterine tone or increase it. Women who do not have any pathologies, namely discharge from the genital tract, should not take a bath to relieve the tone of the uterus.

The main causes of increased uterine tone

The tone of the uterine muscles is based on the activity of the endocrine system, namely the synthesis of the hormone progesterone. This hormone is synthesized very actively in the first 2.5 months of pregnancy, later its synthesis declines. The hormone progesterone helps reduce the tone of the uterus, as well as reduce the tone of the intestines.

This is the reason why women often experience constipation during pregnancy. Lack of progesterone production can lead to increased uterine muscle tone. Lack of progesterone is due to several reasons. Firstly, the organs of the reproductive system are underdeveloped. An underdeveloped uterus cannot withstand the strong load that affects it and, as a result, contracts.

Secondly, the increased content of male hormones in the female body. They are produced by the adrenal glands. A woman can find out about this even before pregnancy by the following signs: menstrual irregularities, increased hair growth, deterioration of skin condition before menstruation, etc. Thirdly, increased levels of the hormone prolactin in the blood.

It manifests itself in the release of milk from the nipples and menstrual irregularities before pregnancy. Not only a lack of progesterone, but also various diseases suffered before pregnancy can cause uterine tone. These include: growth of the inner lining of the uterus, called endometriosis; inflammatory diseases of the uterus and its appendages.

The tone of the uterus during pregnancy can be identified independently by the following signs: heaviness and discomfort in the lower abdomen. Pain in the lower abdomen with increased tone of the uterine muscles is very similar to pain during menstruation. For diagnosis, in addition to ultrasound diagnostics, palpation can be used.

When palpating the abdomen with increased tone of the uterine muscles, the abdomen will feel the hardness of the abdomen, which in a normal state should be soft. To diagnose uterine tone, you can use one of the most modern methods - tonusometry (measuring the tone of the uterus using a special device).

Having learned about the tone of the uterus, it is extremely important for a pregnant woman to try to calm down and avoid unnecessary worries. Very often, when the tone of the uterus is detected, a pregnant woman is prescribed sedatives and advised to remain in bed. Often, uterine tone is treated in a hospital under the strict supervision of specialists, because there may be a risk of miscarriage.

Treatment of increased uterine tone

If the cause of uterine tone is any pathology, then it is necessary to start with its treatment. If the reason is insufficient synthesis of the hormone progesterone, then pregnant women are prescribed the drugs Utrozhestan or Duphaston. Often, to tone the muscles of the uterus, antispasmodic drugs are prescribed, such as Papaverine, No-Shpa, bromine infusion, valerian, vitamins E and C. Before you start taking any of these drugs, you should consult a doctor to avoid negative consequences.

A very good remedy to cope with increased muscle tone is Magne B6. This drug allows you to restore the lack of vitamin B6 in the body. Magne B6 contains a large amount of magnesium, which reduces muscle tension. Vitamin B6, which is part of this drug, has a calming effect on the nervous system, which is simply necessary for pregnant women suffering from uterine hypertonicity.

To avoid spontaneous abortion in the early stages and premature birth in the later stages, the increased tone of the uterus must be reduced. Most often, if there is a threat of miscarriage, the pregnant woman is recommended to go to the hospital and undergo treatment. With increased uterine tone, the supply of oxygen and nutrition to the fetus deteriorates, so treatment is necessary. To reduce uterine activity, special drugs called tocolytics are used. These are drugs belonging to different pharmacological groups, having different mechanisms of action, but one effect: they reduce increased uterine activity.

Help relieve increased uterine tone:

Ginipral, partusisten, salbutamol, terbutaline. Currently, the most effective safe drug from this group is ginipral. In emergency cases, it is prescribed in the form of droppers, after which it is switched to tablet form.

Magnesium sulfate/magnesium sulfate, only in the form of a solution for intravenous administration, to reduce increased uterine tone, it is currently used only when other drugs are contraindicated for one reason or another

Drotaverine (no-spa, spasmonet) 1-2 tablets. 3 times a day (120-240 mg drotaverine). Prescribing the drug during pregnancy and lactation is not contraindicated. Prescribed with caution during pregnancy (first trimester) and lactation

Among other things, a pregnant woman who has increased uterine tone is not recommended to have sex. This is due to the fact that the muscles of the uterus contract strongly during orgasm, which can cause miscarriage.

To avoid problems associated with increased uterine tone, it is necessary to observe its prevention. To do this, a pregnant woman should avoid overwork, stress, and nervous tension, and should also learn some yoga techniques necessary for relaxation. Also, to prevent hypertension, you should go to an appointment with an endocrinologist, gynecologist, and preferably a neurologist.

Muscle hypertonicity is a dangerous phenomenon and can lead to serious consequences. Increased uterine tone in the early stages of pregnancy causes fetal death, cessation of its further development and termination of pregnancy. In addition, it can lead to poor blood supply to the placenta and oxygen starvation.

In order to avoid problems with how to relieve uterine tone in the early stages of pregnancy, you must follow all the recommendations of gynecologists, take care of yourself and observe the prevention of muscle hypertonicity.

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During pregnancy, a woman's uterus undergoes the greatest changes. It is constantly growing and the processes occurring in this organ are accompanied by previously unknown sensations.

Often a pregnant woman feels a contraction of the uterus; during pregnancy, these sensations are called uterine hypertonicity. It happens that the uterus begins to contract strongly in the early stages of pregnancy. There are many explanations for this phenomenon, but in most cases the cause of hypertonicity is the underdevelopment of the internal genital organs. If you do not consult a doctor in a timely manner, the consequence may be a spontaneous miscarriage.

An unconditional sign of increased uterine tone is nagging and aching pain in the lower back and lower abdomen. You can compare this pain to the pain during menstruation. However, it also happens that you will not feel anything at all about hypertonicity of the uterus and this can only be detected with the help of an ultrasound examination.

If doctors detect increased contractions of the uterus during pregnancy, they will most likely prescribe physical and sexual rest. Antispasmodic and sedative drugs and Magne - B6 can also help to “calm” the uterus. The last remedy is a complex of magnesium and vitamin B6. The drug will help eliminate muscle spasms, soothe and prevent the formation of blood clots.

Contraction of the uterus throughout pregnancy is a completely natural phenomenon. However, if uterine hypertonicity appears before the 34th week of pregnancy, then they try to suppress it with drugs that relax the uterus. At the same time, doctors take into account whether the baby who is in the womb will suffer. It is most critical if strong contractions of the uterus are observed before the 25th week of gestation. But after the 28th week the baby can be born and he has a chance to be born completely healthy.

Especially for beremennost.net- Maryana Surma

beremennost.net

During pregnancy, a woman's uterus undergoes the greatest changes. It is constantly growing and the processes occurring in this organ are accompanied by previously unknown sensations.

Often a pregnant woman feels a contraction of the uterus; during pregnancy, these sensations are called uterine hypertonicity. It happens that the uterus begins to contract strongly already in the early stages of pregnancy. There are many explanations for this phenomenon, but in most cases the cause of hypertonicity is the underdevelopment of the internal genital organs. If you do not consult a doctor in a timely manner, the consequence may be a spontaneous miscarriage.

An unconditional sign of increased uterine tone is nagging and aching pain in the lower back and lower abdomen. You can compare this pain to the pain during menstruation. However, it also happens that you will not feel anything at all about uterine hypertonicity and this can only be detected with the help of an ultrasound examination.

However, if you observe spotting during hypertension, then consult a doctor immediately, this is the only way to save your pregnancy.

Remember that increased contraction of the uterus during pregnancy does not always lead to termination of pregnancy. However, harm to the unborn child is still caused. For example, a disruption in the blood supply to the placenta is dangerous for the fetus inside you. This can lead to oxygen starvation. As a result, growth and development may be delayed. We also draw your attention to the fact that the placenta does not contract along with the uterus, and this is fraught with placental abruption. Contraction of the uterus throughout pregnancy is a completely natural phenomenon. However, if uterine hypertonicity appears before the 34th week of pregnancy, then they try to suppress it with drugs that relax the uterus. At the same time, doctors take into account whether the baby who is in the womb will suffer. It is most critical if strong contractions of the uterus are observed before the 25th week of gestation. But after the 28th week the baby can be born and he has a chance to be born completely healthy.

Normal uterine contractions are completely painless and infrequent. They are accompanied by a feeling of heaviness or tension. It happens that contractions of the uterus can be confused with the movements of the baby, but they are sharper, and the stomach does not harden. Normally, you can feel contractions from the 5th month of pregnancy. At 6-7 months, uterine contractions may become more pronounced. A woman feels them without even touching her stomach. During normal contractions of the uterus, you should not be afraid that the baby is being squeezed inside at this time. This is not true, because the baby is surrounded by amniotic fluid, which protects it.

The causes of uterine contractions are very different. Basically, painful hypertonicity is associated with hormonal disorders, various diseases of the reproductive system, and tumor formation in the uterus. Stress, physical activity and overwork also affect the frequency and pain of contractions. Without specific consultation with a doctor, you can take two tablets of no-shpa.

During pregnancy, think about the baby's health. If necessary, forget about work and use the period of bearing a child for relaxation and harmony.

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Sex

Sex during pregnancy. What can you afford?

A little physiology

First, let's remember what happens in a woman's body during sexual intercourse.

Stimulation of erogenous zones during foreplay activates numerous receptors (nerve endings), the signals from which enter the spinal cord. Excitation of the vasodilator nerves going to the vessels of the external and internal genital organs of a woman causes them to fill with blood. Overflow of blood in the vessels of the female genital organs causes the release of a special secretion through the vaginal mucosa, which moisturizes the woman’s genital tract and facilitates friction (movement) of the penis during sexual intercourse. When sexually aroused, oxytocin is released into a woman’s blood, a hormone that stimulates uterine contractions; the same effect is exerted by prostaglandin, a hormone contained in the partner’s seminal fluid. The state of orgasm is formed as a result of reflex contractions of the internal or external genital organs. During orgasm, the uterus deviates posteriorly. Rhythmic contractions of her muscles and the muscles of the anterior third of the vagina occur, and the vaginal glands secrete light transparent mucus.

If in the first 6 months of pregnancy orgasm is accompanied by fixed contractions of the vaginal muscles, then in the last trimester contractions of the vaginal muscles are often not felt due to radical changes in this organ. However, contractile activity of the uterus is also observed during pregnancy, and in the last trimester contractions may be more frequent and stronger. The uterus of a pregnant woman in the orgasm phase may exhibit increased contractility, that is, contractions after sexual intercourse may last longer than usual - up to half an hour. The orgasm stage is replaced by a refractory stage, during which no stimulation can lead to arousal (sexual excitability declines). During the discharge phase, the outflow of a large amount of excess blood in a pregnant woman is delayed, inhibiting the decline in sexual tension. Her sensual sensations during sexual intercourse, as practice confirms, are heightened to the limit.

It must be said that throughout pregnancy, the nervous system of the genital organs is in a state of increased excitability, that is, even a slight physical impact on the uterus, abdominal area or lower back of a pregnant woman can lead to the development of uterine contractions.

In addition to changes in the sexual sphere, changes also occur in other organs and systems. For example, cardiac activity accelerates from 70-80 to 110-120 beats per minute. Breathing also becomes deeper and more frequent, increasing from 16-18 to 40 breaths per minute.

During sexual intercourse, an increase in muscle tone, especially in the muscles of the limbs, has been recorded. In some cases, this can lead to spasms and prolonged cramps.

Harmful or useful?

Knowing all these features of sexual intercourse, you might think that pregnancy and sex are incompatible, because increased excitability of the uterus, its contraction during orgasm can lead to the threat of miscarriage, increased heart rate can provoke an increase in blood pressure, and changes occurring in the muscles, along with changes that occur in the body during the period of bearing a baby can cause the appearance or increase in frequency of seizures. But everything is not so scary, and if the pregnancy is going well, there is a mutual desire, then sex is completely acceptable and permitted. In addition, while everyone knows about the threat of miscarriage due to orgasm, information about the threat of miscarriage associated with prolonged abstinence, especially in the presence of passionate desire, is not so widespread. Thus, sexual tension that develops during prolonged abstinence leads to the formation of prostaglandins in a woman’s body - special biological substances that increase the tone of the uterus (in modern obstetrics, prostaglandins are administered to a woman to stimulate labor and abortion). So abstinence “while gritting your teeth” also does not benefit either the mother or her unborn child.

Therefore, the question of whether it is necessary or not necessary to be sexually active during pregnancy can be answered this way: if a woman really wants, sexual intercourse can take place, but if she does not have such a desire, sexual activity should be limited even with a normal pregnancy. Sexual desire can fade or increase, largely subject to fluctuations in hormones. The sexual behavior of a pregnant woman is largely determined by her initial sexual activity, the characteristics of her sexual life, the behavior of her sexual partner, and the peculiarities of the physiology of pregnancy.

At the very beginning of pregnancy interest in sex decreases. This is quite natural, since a restructuring of the most important systems – endocrine and nervous – occurs in a woman’s body. Smells and sounds are perceived more acutely than before, and those aromas that previously excited can cause negative emotions. A woman becomes more emotional, vulnerable, irritable, and often reacts inadequately to fairly banal everyday situations. The well-being of the expectant mother is also influenced by the manifestations of toxicosis at the beginning of pregnancy - nausea and vomiting. Already in the first trimester of pregnancy, the mammary glands undergo significant changes; the size of the mammary glands may increase, they become painful, extremely sensitive and sensitive to touch. As you know, the breast, nipple, and areola are especially sensitive erogenous zones for many women. And at the beginning of pregnancy, even touching the breast often becomes painful. In addition, she suffers from attacks of lightheadedness, sometimes fainting, and often in the first weeks of pregnancy a woman is in a sleepy, lethargic and tearful state. All these symptoms are caused by the action of progestins - hormones produced in large quantities during pregnancy, especially in the first trimester. In this state, a woman needs care and sympathy from her partner rather than passionate sex.

In the second trimester, the expectant mother has both physiologically and emotionally adapted to pregnancy; there are no serious hormonal fluctuations. The state of health improves significantly, and symptoms of toxicosis, as a rule, disappear. In addition, fetal movements, which are felt after the 18-20th week of pregnancy, regularly tell the woman that everything is fine with the baby. A pregnant woman’s protruding belly is already visible; it is still very small and does not interfere with the expectant mother. Already from the beginning of pregnancy, the blood supply to the vagina and uterus increases sharply. And, as you know, the onset and completeness of orgasm partly depend on blood flow to the genitals. Expectant mothers undergo changes in the vascular system, and the blood supply to the uterus becomes more intense, turning it into a kind of “depot” of blood. This determines the fact that many women experience orgasm for the first time during pregnancy. All this leads to the fact that for many expectant mothers in the second trimester of pregnancy, sexual desire increases significantly.

Changes that occur in the second trimester may continue into the third, when sexual desire is still quite high. But if a growing belly causes inconvenience to the expectant mother, pain appears during sex, and fear of the impending birth plays a major role in your emotions, then some decline in sexual desire is quite likely.

But it cannot be said that the changes described above are a pattern. So, there are women who experience an increase in sexual desire throughout pregnancy, while others, on the contrary, experience a decline.

Is it possible or not?

In addition to desire, the intimate life of a pregnant woman is regulated by medical aspects of the course of pregnancy. So, sexual intercourse is contraindicated in the following cases:

if there is a threat of miscarriage, that is, the tone of the uterine muscles is increased, sexual intercourse can cause premature birth; bloody discharge from the genital tract is also a contraindication for sexual intercourse;
with placenta previa, when the placenta closes the exit from the uterus, sexual intercourse can provoke placental abruption and bleeding;
if there is any doubt about the integrity of the amniotic sac: if discharge appears that looks like water (clear, colorless liquid), you should consult a doctor. In this case, there is a high probability of infection of the membranes and the fetus, since one of the functions of the membranes is to protect the fetus from infection;
in case of any sexually transmitted infections, sex during pregnancy should be excluded from one of the partners

You should also keep in mind the so-called critical periods during pregnancy - this is the time when exposure to the fetus can lead to serious consequences. These periods include:

Implantation period when the egg attaches to the wall of the uterus. Once in the uterine cavity, the embryo does not immediately implant itself into the uterine mucosa, but remains in a free state for another two days. These days from the moment the fertilized egg enters the uterine cavity until it attaches to the wall of the uterus constitute the implantation period. The fact is that this process occurs even before the delay of menstruation, when the partners do not yet know about pregnancy. However, if pregnancy is desired, then after several sexual intercourses with an interval of two days, falling at the time of expected ovulation, you can limit sexual intercourse

Period of organogenesis and placentation, which continues from the moment the fertilized egg is implanted into the uterine mucosa until 10-12 weeks of pregnancy. During this period, all organs and tissues of the fetus, as well as the placenta, are formed.

At 7-8 weeks of pregnancy, the ovaries transfer the function of hormonal support of pregnancy to the chorion (future placenta), and if the chorion is not sufficiently developed and not active, then there is a threat of termination of pregnancy. Very often, a miscarriage, an undeveloped pregnancy, or a threatened miscarriage (bloody discharge from the genital tract, pain in the lower abdomen and lower back) appear precisely at this time.

We can say that the entire first trimester is a “fragile” time of pregnancy, when the body adapts to a new state. As we have already said, during this period women often experience a weakening of sexual desire. We can say that this is a kind of natural protective reaction of the body that protects the developing fetus.

In the second and third trimesters of pregnancy there are also periods when hormonal levels change, in particular the amount of male sex hormones increases. Thus, at 13 weeks of pregnancy, the male fetus begins to produce its own testosterone - the male sex hormone; at 20-24 weeks, the production of cortisol and male sex hormones by the fetal adrenal cortex begins; at 28 weeks, the fetal pituitary gland begins to synthesize a hormone that stimulates the adrenal glands - adrenocorticotropic hormone , resulting in increased production of male sex hormones. During these periods, women with initially elevated levels of male sex hormones who are receiving treatment for this should be especially careful. In the last issue of the magazine in this section it was said that sexual desire and sexuality largely depend on the level of male sex hormones, so during these periods the desire for intimate contacts may increase.

So, one of the most wonderful periods of a woman’s life - the period of waiting for a baby - can give you unforgettable sensations from intimate communication, but do not forget that sometimes desires have to be subordinated to reason in the name of preserving your health and the health of the baby.

Marina Bogoslavtseva, Doctor, obstetrician-gynecologist, Article from the magazine “9 months” 4/2006

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Not by days, but by hours. Changes in the uterus during pregnancy

A little physiology

The uterus is a unique organ, the structure of which is such that it is capable of stretching and increasing its size tens of times during pregnancy and returning to its original state after childbirth. The uterus has a larger part - the body located above, and a smaller part - the cervix. Between the body and the cervix there is an intermediate section called the isthmus. The highest part of the uterine body is called the fundus.

The wall of the uterus consists of three layers: the inner - endometrium, the middle - myometrium and the outer - perimeter (serous membrane).

Endometrium- mucous membrane, which changes depending on the phase of the menstrual cycle. And if pregnancy does not occur, the endometrium is separated and released from the uterus along with blood during menstruation. If pregnancy occurs, the endometrium thickens and provides the fertilized egg with nutrients in the early stages of pregnancy.

The main part of the uterine wall is the muscular layer - myometrium. It is due to changes in this membrane that the size of the uterus increases during pregnancy. The myometrium consists of muscle fibers. During pregnancy, due to the division of muscle cells (myocytes), new muscle fibers are formed, but the main growth of the uterus occurs due to elongation by 10-12 times and thickening (hypertrophy) of muscle fibers by 4-5 times, which occurs mainly in the first half of pregnancy By the middle of pregnancy, the thickness of the uterine wall reaches 3-4 cm. After the 20th week of pregnancy, the uterus increases only due to stretching and thinning of the walls, and by the end of pregnancy the thickness of the uterine walls decreases to 0.5-1 cm.

Outside of pregnancy, the uterus of a woman of reproductive age has the following dimensions: length - 7-8 cm, anteroposterior size (thickness) - 4-5 cm, transverse size (width) - 4-6 cm. The uterus weighs about 50 g (for those who have given birth - up to 100 G). By the end of pregnancy, the uterus increases several times, reaching the following dimensions: length - 37-38 cm, anteroposterior size - up to 24 cm, transverse size - 25-26 cm. The weight of the uterus by the end of pregnancy reaches 1000-1200 g without the child and membranes . With polyhydramnios or multiple pregnancy, the size of the uterus can reach even larger sizes. The volume of the uterine cavity increases 500 times by the ninth month of pregnancy.

What is considered normal?

Pregnancy is characterized by an increase in the size of the uterus, a change in its consistency (density), and shape.

Enlargement of the uterus begins at 5-6 weeks of pregnancy (with 1-2 weeks of delay), while the body of the uterus increases slightly. First, the uterus increases in anteroposterior size and becomes spherical, and then the transverse size also increases. The longer the pregnancy, the more noticeable the enlargement of the uterus becomes. In the early stages of pregnancy, asymmetry of the uterus often occurs; during bimanual examination, a protrusion of one of the corners of the uterus is palpated. Protrusion occurs due to the growth of the fertilized egg; as pregnancy progresses, the fertilized egg fills the entire uterine cavity and the asymmetry of the uterus disappears. By 8 weeks of pregnancy, the body of the uterus increases approximately 2 times, by 10 weeks - 3 times. By 12 weeks, the uterus increases 4 times and the fundus of the uterus reaches the plane of exit from the small pelvis, i.e., the upper edge of the symphysis pubis.

Two-manual examination of the uterus To assess the position, size, density (consistency) of the uterus, a two-manual (bimanual) examination is performed. When conducting a bimanual examination, the obstetrician-gynecologist inserts the index and middle fingers of the right hand into the woman’s vagina, and with the fingers of the left hand gently presses on the anterior abdominal wall towards the fingers of the right hand. By moving and bringing together the fingers of both hands, the doctor feels the body of the uterus, determines its position, size and consistency.

From the second trimester of pregnancy (from the 13-14th week of pregnancy), the uterus extends beyond the pelvis and can be palpated through the anterior abdominal wall. Therefore, starting from this period, the obstetrician-gynecologist measures the height of the uterine fundus (VDM - the distance between the upper edge of the symphysis pubis and the highest point of the uterus) and abdominal circumference. All measurements are recorded in the pregnant woman’s individual chart, which allows us to track the dynamics of uterine growth and estimate the growth rate. VMR is measured with a centimeter tape or a pelvisometer (a special device for measuring the distance between two points) with the pregnant woman lying on her back. Before measuring and examining, you must empty your bladder.

The normal (physiological) course of pregnancy is characterized by the following indicators of AMR:

at 16 weeks of pregnancy, the fundus of the uterus is located in the middle of the distance between the navel and the pubic symphysis, the IMD is 6-7 cm;
are based only on the size of the uterus. Other indicators are also taken into account, such as the date of the last menstruation, the date of the first fetal movement, and the results of an ultrasound examination.

How is the condition of the uterus assessed?

If in the first trimester of pregnancy the condition of the uterus is assessed during a bimanual examination, then from about the fourth month, to assess the progression of pregnancy and the condition of the uterus, the obstetrician-gynecologist uses four external obstetric examination techniques (Leopold's techniques):

During the first external obstetric examination, the doctor places the palms of both hands on the uppermost part of the uterus (fundus), and determines the UMR, the correspondence of this indicator to the gestational age and the part of the fetus located in the fundus of the uterus. He alternately palpates parts of the fetus with his right and left hands. When the fetus is positioned longitudinally, the back is palpated on one side and small parts of the fetus (arms and legs) on the other. The back is palpated in the form of a uniform area, small parts - in the form of small protrusions that can change their position. The second technique allows you to determine the tone of the uterus and its excitability (contraction of the uterus in response to palpation), as well as the position of the fetus. In the first position, the fetal back is turned to the left, in the second - to the right.

At the third appointment, the obstetrician-gynecologist determines the presenting part of the fetus - this is the part of the fetus that faces the entrance to the pelvis and is the first to pass through the birth canal (usually the fetal head). The doctor stands on the right, facing the pregnant woman. With one hand (usually the right) palpation is carried out slightly above the symphysis pubis, so that the thumb is on one side, and the other four are on the other side of the lower part of the uterus. The head is palpated in the form of a dense round part with clear contours, the pelvic end is felt in the form of a voluminous softish part that does not have a round shape. When the fetus is in a transverse or oblique position, the presenting part is not determined. At the fourth appointment, palpation (feeling) of the uterus is carried out with both hands, and the doctor stands facing the pregnant woman’s feet. The palms of both hands are placed on the lower segment of the uterus on the right and left, with outstretched fingers carefully palpating the height of its standing and the presenting part of the fetus. This technique allows you to determine the location of the presenting part of the fetus relative to the entrance to the mother’s pelvis (the presenting part is above the entrance to the small pelvis, pressed against the entrance, descended into the pelvic cavity). If the head is present, the obstetrician determines its size, the density of its bones and its gradual descent into the pelvis during childbirth.

All techniques are carried out very carefully and carefully, since sudden movements can cause reflex tension in the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall and increase the tone of the uterus.

During an external obstetric examination, the doctor assesses the tone of the uterine muscles. Normally, the wall of the uterus should be soft; when the tone of the uterus increases, the wall of the uterus becomes hard. Increased tone (hypertonicity) of the uterus is one of the signs of a threatened miscarriage; it can occur at any stage, and the woman usually feels pain in the lower abdomen and lower back. The pain can be minor, nagging or very severe. The severity of the pain symptom depends on the threshold of pain sensitivity, duration and intensity of uterine hypertonicity. If the increased tone of the uterus occurs for a short time, then the pain or feeling of heaviness in the lower abdomen is most often insignificant. With prolonged hypertonicity of the uterine muscles, the pain symptom is usually more pronounced.

How does the woman feel?

It should be emphasized that during a physiological pregnancy, the woman most often does not feel the growth of the uterus, since the process of enlargement of the uterus occurs gradually and smoothly. At the beginning of pregnancy, a woman may notice unusual sensations in the lower abdomen associated with changes in the structure of the uterine ligaments (they “soften”). With rapid growth of the uterus (for example, with polyhydramnios or multiple pregnancies), with adhesions in the abdominal cavity, with posterior deviation of the uterus (most often the uterus is tilted anteriorly), if there is a scar on the uterus after various operations, pain may occur. It should be remembered that if any pain occurs, you must consult an obstetrician-gynecologist as soon as possible.

A few weeks before giving birth, many women experience so-called precursor contractions (Braxton-Hicks contractions). They are in the nature of nagging pain in the lower abdomen and in the sacral area, are irregular in nature, short in duration, or represent an increase in the tone of the uterus, which the woman feels as tension, not accompanied by painful sensations. Precursor contractions do not cause shortening and opening of the cervix and are a kind of “training” before childbirth.

After childbirth

After the birth of a child and placenta, already in the first hours of the postpartum period, a significant contraction (reduction in size) of the uterus occurs. The height of the uterine fundus in the first hours after birth is 15-20 cm. Restoration of the uterus after childbirth is called involution. During the first two weeks after birth, the fundus of the uterus drops approximately 1 cm daily.

On the 1-2 days after birth, the fundus of the uterus is at the level of the navel - UMR 12-15 cm;
x factors: characteristics of pregnancy and childbirth, breastfeeding, woman’s age, general condition, number of births in history. The uterus contracts more slowly in women over 30 years of age, in weakened and multiparous women, after multiple pregnancies and pregnancies complicated by polyhydramnios, with myomema, as well as when inflammation occurs in the uterus (endometritis) during pregnancy, childbirth or the postpartum period. In lactating women, uterine involution occurs faster, since breastfeeding produces the hormone oxytocin, which promotes uterine contractions.

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Contraction of the uterus during pregnancy< сокращается матка при беременности

It should be noted that uterine contractions, or uterine hypertonicity, during pregnancy are not a reason to panic. It is completely natural that certain changes occur in the body of a pregnant woman, in addition to the appearance of the fetus inside her.

As a rule, uterine contractions begin after the thirty-fourth week. However, there are also cases when hypertonicity is observed in the early stages. This may be caused by underdevelopment of the internal genital organs. In this case, you should urgently contact your doctor, otherwise there is a risk of miscarriage.

Manifestation of uterine hypertonicity

The most striking sign of uterine contraction is very similar to pain during menstruation: a woman begins to have pain in her lower back and a tugging sensation in her lower abdomen.

However, such signs may not always be felt. In this case, hypertonicity can only be determined by ultrasound.

What to do if the uterus contracts during pregnancy

If you experience uterine contractions during pregnancy, you should maintain sexual and physical rest. In addition, your doctor may prescribe anti-anxiety and anti-spasmodic medications, as well as magnesium.

If you notice slight bleeding, you should immediately contact your gynecologist.

In other words, uterine contractions during pregnancy are an absolutely normal phenomenon. You should not panic because of this, and in certain situations you should consult a doctor who will help you give birth to a healthy and strong baby.

GirafeJournal.com

Uterine contractions during pregnancy

Pregnancy is a long process. Depending on when they occur (as doctors say, “the uterus is toning” or “the uterus is in hypertonicity”), contractions can be either a good sign or, let’s say, unimportant.

When uterine contractions are especially dangerous

Hypertonicity is especially dangerous in the first trimester of pregnancy. Sometimes a woman does not feel anything, sometimes she is bothered by aching pain in the lower abdomen and lower back (much like during menstruation). By themselves, these pains, especially during the first pregnancy, may not mean anything bad, but it is still worth consulting with a doctor. Because their cause may be underdevelopment of the internal genital organs, leading to spontaneous miscarriage, or the beginning of placental abruption.

If pain is observed, and especially if it has become regular and the intervals between attacks of contractions are becoming shorter and shorter, measures must be taken without delay. An urgent visit to a medical facility at any time of the day can save the life of the fetus.

A particularly alarming sign is the appearance of bloody discharge. On those days when, if you had not become pregnant, your period would have come, lead as calm a lifestyle as possible, because the rejection mechanism may work. If discharge does appear, immediately consult a doctor, clinic or hospital! The sooner measures are taken, the higher the chances of maintaining the pregnancy.

Sometimes hypertonicity of the uterus can be detected during a standard ultrasound check, although the woman herself does not experience any unpleasant sensations. If hospitalization is recommended for you, do not refuse under any circumstances. If physical rest and abstinence from sexual activity are prescribed, do not take risks, follow the recommendations scrupulously.

In addition to the special regimen, the woman is prescribed antispasmodics (medicines that stop contractions of the muscle fibers of the uterus), magnesium preparations, and tablets that “glue” the placenta. As a rule, muscle spasms stop after a short time.

Second and third trimesters – and uterine tone

In the second trimester, uterine hypertonicity occurs quite rarely. The main thing is to follow a daily routine, not to lift heavy objects, if possible, not to perform work that requires prolonged stress (say, wallpapering a room), to rest on time and spend at least an hour in the fresh air every day.

When is the uterus becoming toned a good thing?

Yes, there is also a period during pregnancy when irregular uterine contractions do not require treatment and even please the doctor monitoring the health of the expectant mother.

These are the so-called false contractions - they occur somewhere 2-3 weeks before the real date of birth and serve as preparation for it. If your uterus sometimes tenses and turns to stone, it means that it is preparing for its main work, as if rehearsing it. Such contractions should not last long; they can occur several times during the day.

Your assistant at this time is an ordinary watch. When the uterus contracts again, note the time, and when the third contraction occurs, note the interval between contractions (assuming 20 minutes). If contractions become more noticeable, and the intervals between them become shorter and shorter, it means that your big day has come: it’s time to take a pre-prepared suitcase with documents and necessary things and go to the maternity hospital.

If they started, stopped, and then started again a few hours later, consult your doctor to see if anything needs to be done. The doctor will examine you, determine whether the cervix has begun to dilate, and, if necessary, send you to the maternity hospital.

Have an easy pregnancy, successful birth and healthy babies!

Especially for moymalish.net Irena Cassini

[email protected]: tell me, what is uterine contraction after an abortion?

Alina

4 years ago MargaritaFilatova Oracle (94043) 4 years ago During an abortion operation, a large number of blood vessels are opened during curettage, and in order to stop blood loss, the uterus must contract and thereby squeeze the opened blood vessels - it is impossible to sew them up, as is required in surgery. If, due to previous injuries to the genital area or any diseases, the uterus has lost the ability to contract, then the opened vessels during the abortion continue to gape, and bleeding becomes life-threatening. Normally, the uterus should return to normal size after an abortion in 3-4 days. Bloody discharge, not abundant, will persist for up to a week. Poor uterine contractions and early cervical spasm lead to blood retention in the uterus and aggravate inflammation. Therefore, the absence of bleeding immediately after an abortion, as well as its abundance, is a potentially dangerous symptom that requires consultation with a doctor. Treatment should include antibacterial drugs (up to 10 days), anti-inflammatory drugs, drugs that improve immunity and have an antimicrobial effect, restoring normal flora in the intestines and vagina. Return of the uterus to its original size. It shrinks and shrinks. Similar questions

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Contraction of the uterus during pregnancy and after childbirth

During pregnancy, a woman's uterus undergoes the greatest changes. Sometimes a woman feels contraction of the uterus during pregnancy, this is called hypertonicity. Hypertonicity is especially dangerous in the early stages of pregnancy, as miscarriage can occur.

A sign of uterine contraction is pain in the lower back and nagging pain in the abdomen. The sensations often resemble pain during menstruation, but sometimes hypertonicity can only be detected by ultrasound examination.

If uterine hypertonicity is detected, complete rest and antispasmodic and sedative medications are prescribed. A vitamin complex of magnesium and vitamin (B6) is also prescribed. This complex soothes and eliminates muscle spasms, and prevents the formation of blood clots.

Contraction of the uterus during pregnancy is a completely natural process, but until the 34th week of pregnancy, hypertonicity is suppressed with medications and the uterus is relaxed. Critical hypertonicity of the uterus is noted before the 25th week, but after the 28th week, even if premature birth occurs, the child is successfully nursed.

Even if uterine contractions do not threaten termination of pregnancy, harm to the fetus is still caused: the blood supply to the placenta is disrupted, and this leads to oxygen deficiency. It is worth noting that the placenta does not contract along with the uterus and there is a high risk of placental abruption.

Normally, uterine contractions are not painful and occur rarely. Sometimes uterine contractions can be confused with baby activity. Hypertonicity can already be faintly felt from the 20th week of pregnancy; at the 28th week, contractions become more pronounced. The reasons for contractions can be very different: stress, physical activity, diseases and tumors.

Contraction after childbirth

The process of childbirth is a huge physical and psychological stress for the entire woman’s body. Recovery lasts several months and contraction of the uterus after childbirth is a natural process for a woman.

After delivery, the shape of the uterus is stretched and constantly cleanses itself in the form of secretions. For the first time, the contraction of the watch is very active, the internal entrance has 10 cm, and it is possible to remove the afterbirth. After 24 hours, the pharynx decreases to 3 cm, and a day later to one cm. Complete closure occurs approximately three weeks after birth.

Sometimes, due to the bending of the uterus, the rate of contraction decreases, this threatens the pharynx with clots and the development of inflammation.

The process of uterine contraction is very complex, since the uterine tissue must return to its original state. After birth, the uterus weighs a little more than a kilogram, and after a week it weighs one hundred grams.

The recovery period of the uterus depends on the individual characteristics of the woman and the complexity of childbirth. The period of uterine contraction may be longer than usual if the pregnancy was multiple or a large child.

In order for the contraction of the uterus to pass faster after childbirth, the uterine fundus must be dense; with a soft bottom, the contraction may be delayed. Uterine contractions are painful, so painkillers and cold compresses are sometimes prescribed. In order for the contraction to occur faster, the woman in labor must lead an active lifestyle.

polnocvet.com

Uterine tone during pregnancy: symptoms, causes, treatment

Pregnancy is perhaps the most wonderful time in the life of every woman. Waiting for your baby should proceed in calm and harmony. This is important not only for the mother herself and a successful birth, but also for the future health of the child. But, unfortunately, as often happens, sometimes things don’t happen exactly as we would like. Recently, pathologies during pregnancy have become not the exception, but the rule. A doctor friend of mine, who worked in a maternity hospital for more than 40 years, once noticed that even 10 years ago, the pathology department was usually empty, but now there is simply no room there. And the most common diagnosis is high uterine tone.

But this material was not created to scare expectant mothers, but only to warn and once again remind that taking care of your health during pregnancy should be a top priority. And also to convey to women information about the dangers of uterine tone.

One of the consequences of an unhealthy lifestyle, constant stress or overwork can be the tone of the uterus during pregnancy. Many women face this problem. But it should be remembered that tone during pregnancy does not mean a possible miscarriage. What is uterine tone during pregnancy, and how to determine and treat it in time, you will learn from our article below. So, first of all, I would like to reassure expectant mothers. Sometimes doctors deliberately or unknowingly aggravate the situation, which has an even more detrimental effect on the situation and the health of the woman and her baby. Having heard a frightening diagnosis and even more depressing comments from her doctor, a pregnant woman gets scared and begins to actively search on the Internet for everything related to the query “pregnancy uterine tone.” That is why we asked a gynecologist to talk in this article about this problem and how to prevent uterine tone.

Pregnancy and uterine tone do not always mean the loss of a child. Uterine tone is uncontrolled contractions in the uterus that can lead to miscarriage. However, other consequences of uterine tone are also possible. Let's figure out what the uterus itself is and what normal uterine tone is.

The uterus is an organ consisting of muscle tissue. The walls of the uterus themselves have three layers:

the first layer covers the outside of the uterus, like a thin film
In the middle between the outer and inner layers there is a muscle layer called the “myometrium”. It consists of connective and muscle tissue fibers
The endometrium lines the inside of the uterus

The increased tone of the uterus during pregnancy is created precisely by muscle fibers, which tend to contract. During the normal course of pregnancy, the uterine muscles should be in a calm and relaxed state, called normotonus. During nervous stress or overexertion, muscle fibers contract, increasing their tone and pressure in the uterus itself. This is called increased tone or hypertonicity of the uterus.

Uterine tone can occur throughout pregnancy. Uterine tone in the second trimester usually appears due to work overload or poor lifestyle. In the third trimester, the size of the uterus increases greatly. Uterine tone in the third trimester can lead to premature birth. In this case, the child can already live, but it will take a lot of effort and time to finally leave him.

Preparing for childbirth

During pregnancy, not only the expectant mother, but also her body prepares for childbirth. The uterus gradually grows and increases in size due to the growth of muscle fiber. The amount of enzymes, calcium, glycogen and various trace elements that are needed to contract the uterus during childbirth also increases significantly, in this way the uterus prepares itself for the upcoming birth.

What causes normotonus?

As we said earlier, for successful childbirth the tone of the uterus must be normal. Hypertonicity, or when the uterus is toned during pregnancy, occurs when any processes that cause normotonus are disrupted. What are these processes?

Brain

All human organs are literally stuffed with nerve endings and receptors. And the uterus is no exception. The nerve endings of the uterus send signals to the central nervous system and ANS, i.e. central and autonomic nervous systems. Already at the very beginning of pregnancy, impulses begin to arrive in the central nervous system of the expectant mother, which notify the brain about the onset of pregnancy, which, in turn, leads to the appearance of a pregnancy dominant in the brain. The brain itself inhibits many nervous processes, due to which pregnancy becomes the main thing in a woman’s life, pushing all other tasks back. If a woman is overexerted at work or has experienced severe nervous shock or fear, then points of excitation may form. They negatively affect the dominant pregnancy and lead to an increase in uterine tone.

Throughout the 39 weeks of pregnancy, the uterine receptors and spinal cord have reduced excitability. This, in turn, ensures a normal pregnancy throughout the entire period. By the time the time comes to give birth, the excitability of the brain increases significantly.

Progesterone and FPS

Hormones are also responsible for the normal course of pregnancy. For up to ten weeks, one of the most important roles is played by progesterone, a hormone in women produced directly in the ovary by the so-called “corpus luteum”. VT appears at the place where the egg is released and sent into the uterine tube. During pregnancy, the corpus luteum of the ovary transforms into the corpus luteum of pregnancy and actively promotes the production of estrogen and progesterone for up to ten weeks. After this period, VT decreases along with the synthesis of progesterone.

Progesterone is an essential element of normal pregnancy and normal uterine tone. It reduces the ability of the uterus to contract and also reduces intestinal tone. This is why many pregnant women suffer from constipation. Progesterone also affects the central nervous system, causing many pregnant women to often feel tired and drowsy.

The FPS is the fetoplacental system, which consists of the liver, adrenal cortex and placenta of the woman and child. FPS promotes the production of estriol, a hormone that helps regulate blood circulation in the uterus and placenta. When the production of estriol is disrupted and the FPS is not functioning correctly, anomalies occur in the development of the child.

Causes of uterine tone

According to the observations of experts, an increasing number of women are faced with such a problem as uterine tone during pregnancy. The causes of this complication lie in various problems.

Uterine tone in early pregnancy can occur due to improper hormone production. The main hormone responsible for maintaining normal tone in the uterus is progesterone. Numerous conditions can affect the quality of its production. If there is too little progesterone in the body, a miscarriage may occur.

Conditions in which there is a lack of progesterone are:

Genital infantilism is incomplete development and growth of the organs of the reproductive system. In such a case, the not fully developed uterus may contract due to too much pressure on it.
Hyperandrogenism is an increased amount of male hormones in a woman’s body that can be produced by the adrenal glands. This problem manifests itself even before pregnancy. Possible irregularities in the menstrual cycle, excess hair, problem skin, the condition of which worsens before menstruation. Hyperandrogenism may not manifest itself externally. In this case, in order to identify it, a blood test is necessary.
Hyperprolactinemia is an increased level of prolactin in a woman’s blood. Prolactin is a hormone produced by the pituitary gland. With this deviation, infertility most often develops. Before pregnancy, hyperprolactinemia manifests itself in the form of milk discharge from the nipples and an irregular cycle.

Before pregnancy, infertility, endometriosis, and fibroids indicate that the body has problems with the production of hormones. During pregnancy, such anomalies can cause increased tone and miscarriage.

In addition to problems with hormones and nerves, there are some other prerequisites for the development of uterine tone; the reasons also lie in the tissues of the uterine walls and fibers themselves:

Endometriosis – growth of the lining inside the uterus in uncharacteristic areas
Myoma is a benign uterine tumor
Inflammatory diseases of both the uterus itself and the appendages, which could have been suffered long before pregnancy itself

Uterine tone before childbirth can also occur due to polyhydramnios, multiple pregnancies or an oversized fetus. In case of disruption of the central nervous system, the process of regulating muscle contractions in the uterus is disrupted, which also leads to an increase in tone. Such failures can be caused by too heavy physical exertion, constant stress, infectious and inflammatory diseases, for example acute respiratory infections, influenza, pyeloniphritis.

Symptoms and signs of uterine tone during pregnancy

Doctors know exactly how to determine the tone of the uterus. Contact him immediately if you feel heaviness or pain in the lower abdomen. Although quite often, back pain in the early stages of pregnancy does not indicate an emerging problem, but only that the body is adapting to the fetus growing inside it, trying to accept it and coexist with it as comfortably as possible.

But still, if you feel contractions or squeezing and unpleasant pain in the lower abdomen, then it is better to pay attention to this. Such sensations, which can bring both very noticeable discomfort and practically not be felt, can indicate uterine tone. During pregnancy, the symptoms of this disorder can manifest themselves in completely different ways. Therefore, once again we strongly recommend that you contact a qualified specialist.

Diagnosis of uterine tone during pregnancy

When a pregnant woman consults a doctor with suspicions of uterine tone during pregnancy, signs of which can appear at all stages of pregnancy, the doctor must first interview such a patient. The main cause for concern may be pain in the lower back and lower abdomen. The abdomen and uterus seem to “turn to stone” when uterine tone occurs. Symptoms may also include minor bleeding.

For diagnostics use:

Palpation, i.e. feeling and palpating the belly of a pregnant woman. The normally soft belly and uterus of a woman become hard as a stone with increased tone. This is clearly felt when palpating a pregnant woman’s abdomen while she lies on her back.
An ultrasound can determine local or total thickening of the muscular layer of the uterus.
Tonuometry uses a special device with a built-in sensor to help accurately determine the tone of the uterus.

What to do with uterine tone?

So, the doctor made a disappointing diagnosis - the uterus is toned. “What should I do?” is the first question a woman might have. First of all, don't be scared or panic. The more you worry, the lesser the possibility of reducing the tone of the uterus during pregnancy becomes. And it’s quite possible to do this.

Treatment and prevention

First of all, consult your doctor and find out how to relieve uterine tone during pregnancy. Absolutely every pregnant woman with uterine tone is prescribed bed rest, sedatives, and medications that reduce spasms and general activity of the uterus.

Most often, when diagnosed with “uterine tone,” treatment is carried out only in the hospital. First of all, sedatives are prescribed, because the stress associated with the possibility of termination of pregnancy further increases the tone of the uterus.

If abnormalities are detected, uterine tone during pregnancy, the treatment of which depends on the causes of its occurrence, is relieved by taking special medications. If there is a lack of progesterone, Utrozhestan or Duphaston are prescribed.

All kinds of antispasmodics, such as No-Shpa or Papaverine, are quite effective in combating uterine tone. During treatment, monitoring of sugar, heart rate and blood pressure is required.

Magne B6

Another excellent remedy is Magne B6 - a drug that replenishes the lack of vitamin B6. It is also prescribed for disorders associated with uterine tone. Magne B6 during pregnancy is prescribed for the threat of miscarriage and uterine hypertonicity. The increased content of magnesium in it makes it possible to improve metabolic processes in the body, as well as increase immunity and support the nervous system.

Magne b6 during pregnancy replenishes the necessary supply of magnesium and vitamin B6 in the body, the need for which increases significantly during pregnancy. The drug contains a large amount of pyridoxine, namely vitamin B6. This vitamin takes an active part in metabolic processes and also has a positive effect on the nervous system. It increases the level of absorption of magnesium into the blood and cells. Taking Magne B6 during pregnancy, the instructions for which must be read before taking, is prescribed by a doctor. The average duration of taking the drug is approximately one month. After normalizing the level of magnesium in the blood, stop taking Magne B6 during pregnancy. The dosage for adults is 3-4 ampoules per day, for children – 10-30 mg/kg, i.e. approximately 1-4 ampoules.

Adults can take Magne B6 tablets in the amount of 6-8 pieces, and children - 4-6 per day.

And in conclusion, I would like to say that during pregnancy it is very important to take care of yourself. This applies not only to the last weeks, when the baby is about to be born. It is important to understand that a healthy lifestyle, proper sleep, proper nutrition, lack of stress, nervous and physical stress, and giving up bad habits are not just postulates repeated a hundred times, but a real guarantee of your health and the future health of your child. Good luck and less stress!

During pregnancy, the uterus undergoes the greatest change in a woman's body. Over time, this organ increases in size and changes, and this process is accompanied by previously unfamiliar sensations. Among these sensations is uterine contraction during pregnancy.

Medical professionals refer to this condition as organ. There can be many reasons for this. If a woman feels hypertonicity already in the early stages, then she should immediately consult a doctor, as there is a possibility of miscarriage.

As a rule, this is accompanied by pain, but sometimes it happens that there is no characteristic pain during hypertonicity at all, that is, there are no signs of it. In this case, the problem can only be detected through a routine examination or ultrasound examination. There are situations when, during contractions, a woman discovers bleeding. In this case, you should immediately contact a medical facility to maintain the pregnancy.

If the uterus contracts during pregnancy, the sensations of this process are as follows:

pain in the lumbar region and sacrum;
nagging and aching pain in the lower abdomen, reminiscent of pain during menstruation;
short-term tension of the abdominal muscles.

Contraction of the uterus during pregnancy has obvious symptoms.

Uterine spasms during pregnancy, if the period has not yet reached 30 weeks, may be due to the following reasons:

the occurrence of benign tumors in the uterine cavity ();
hormonal disorders in the female body, namely;
reproductive system disease;
frequent stress;
physical and psychological fatigue.

If uterine contractions occur during pregnancy, watch the video online for clarity, and you feel it, then all that can be done at home is to drink two tablets of No-shpa (). To prevent complications, you must immediately consult a doctor.

Along with the causes of this process, risk factors for its occurrence should also be identified.

Hypertonicity most often occurs under the following circumstances:

genetic predisposition to;
pathology of pregnancy;
previously suffered inflammatory processes of the genital organs;
performing abortions;
endocrine diseases;
pathology of the thyroid gland;
illness with influenza or during pregnancy.

Important! Provoking factors include the woman’s age. Increased tone is more common under the age of 18 and after 30 years. As a woman ages, the risk of miscarriage only increases, so gynecologists advise giving birth before the age of 29.

Harmful factors and habits can cause hypertension, such as working with chemicals, constant business trips, daily work, hard work. Smoking, drinking alcohol, and so on also have an effect. In this case, you need to quit and transfer to an easier job.

As mentioned earlier, stress may be one of the causes of illness. Thus, provoking factors for nervous overstrain can be constant quarrels, a broken marriage, incompatibility of partners, constant lack of sleep, troubles at work, and an unfavorable home environment. To maintain pregnancy, you should protect yourself from all negative emotions, because this can lead to.

Why does uterine tone occur and what are its consequences, the specialist explains in the following video:

Contraction of the uterus during pregnancy: impact on the fetus

Contraction of the uterus during pregnancy can be dangerous for the fetus, so medical attention is necessary.

Contraction of the uterus during early pregnancy can lead to miscarriage. But it is possible to prevent miscarriage if you consult a doctor in time and go for preservation. In the later stages, this condition will provoke premature birth, but if the period allows, the child will be born healthy. If it is too early for the birth of a baby, then, most likely, the woman will be admitted to a hospital and supported with medications until the end of pregnancy or until the problem is resolved.

With prolonged hypertonicity without adequate treatment, uteroplacental blood flow decreases. This leads to the baby not having enough nutrients and oxygen. In this case, malnutrition may also occur. The child stops developing, which greatly complicates the situation.

The consequences of this condition can be dire, but if you seek medical help in time, you can avoid problems and give birth to a healthy baby. Visit your gynecologist regularly and undergo an ultrasound examination so that the problem is detected on time. If characteristic symptoms appear, consult a doctor immediately and do not self-medicate.