How do people and animals perceive color?

• Cats do not have access to red color and they see the world around them not at all bright, but they distinguish as many as 25 shades of gray. Indeed, during the hunt for mice, it is very important for them to accurately determine their color.
• Dogs do not distinguish red, orange and yellow at all, but they clearly see blue and purple.
• The rarest eye color in humans is green. Only 2% of the population of our planet can boast of it.
• A person is born with conditionally light gray eyes, and their "true" color appears by 2-3 years.
• Due to the huge number of light-sensitive cells - more than 130 million - the human eye is able to perceive about 5 million color shades.
• The bee does not see red and confuses it with green, gray and even black. She clearly distinguishes only yellow, blue-green, blue, purple, violet. But very well perceives ultraviolet radiation. Among the pale, white petals, she can make out bright blue-violet patterns indicating where to look for nectar.
• Eye color depends on a pigment in the iris called melanin. A large amount of pigment determines the formation of the dark color of the iris (black, brown, light brown), and a smaller amount - light (gray, green, blue).
• Unlike most animals, humans have three primary perceived colors—red, blue, and green—which, when mixed, produce all the colors visible to the eye.
• Red eyes are found only in albinos. It is associated with the complete absence of melanin in the iris, therefore it is determined by the blood in the vessels of the iris.
• Contrary to popular belief, cows and bulls cannot see red. Many are sure that during a bullfight, the bull is irritated by the cape of the bullfighter, but as it turns out, this is not the case. The bull is not provoked by the color, since he does not see red, but by the very fact of movement. Since the bulls are also short-sighted, the flickering of a rag is understood by them as a challenge and aggression from the enemy.
• In 1% of people on Earth, the color of the iris of the left and right eyes is not the same.
• It is generally accepted that color blindness is a purely male “fate”. In one way or another, about 8% of men and only 1% of women suffer from it.
• The inhabitants of the Baltic States, northern Poland, Finland and Sweden are considered the brightest-eyed Europeans. And the most number of people with dark eyes lives in Turkey and Portugal.

I look far!

• Dogs see well at a distance, no closer than 35-50 cm. And closer objects look blurry and shapeless to them. A dog's visual acuity is about one-third that of a human's. But their eyes are tripled in such a way that they can easily determine the distance to the object.
• Dragonfly is the most vigilant representative of insects. She can distinguish objects the size of a small bead at a distance of 1m. The eye of a dragonfly consists of 30,000 individual eyes, such eyes are called "faceted". Each of them snatches one point from the surrounding space, and already in her brain everything is shaped into a single mosaic. It's hard to imagine, but the dragonfly's eye perceives up to 300 images per second. In those cases when a person sees a flashing shadow, the dragonfly will clearly see a moving object.
• If we take the visual acuity of an eagle as 100%, then normal human vision is only 52% of an eagle's vision.
• The falcon is able to see a target as small as 10 cm from a height of 1.5 km.
• The vulture distinguishes small rodents from a distance of up to 5 kilometers.
• Frogs can only see moving objects. To consider a motionless object, she herself needs to start moving. In a frog, almost 95% of visual information immediately enters the reflex section, that is, seeing a moving object, the frog reacts to it with lightning speed, as if it were potential food.
• In humans, the viewing angle is 160 to 210 °.
• In goats and bison pupils are horizontal and rectangular. Such pupils expand their field of view up to 240 °. They see almost everything around, in the literal sense of the word.
• The horse's eyes are positioned so that its field of view is 350°. Their visual acuity is almost the same as that of a human.
• A cat has a 185° field of view, while a dog has only 30-40°.

Who sees best in the dark?

• The most famous bird with good night vision is the owl.
• Cats see in the dark 6 times better than humans. At night, their pupils noticeably expand, reaching a diameter of 14 mm, but on a bright sunny day they narrow, turning into thin slits. This is because an abundance of light can damage sensitive retinal cells, and with such narrow pupils, cat eyes are well protected from bright sunlight. For comparison, in humans, the maximum pupil diameter does not exceed 8 millimeters.
• Owls stay awake at night and see much better at night than during the day. On a moonless night, they can easily see a mouse making its way in the grass, a bird hiding among the foliage, or a squirrel climbing a shaggy spruce. During the day, owls see poorly and wait for dusk in a secluded corner.
• Horses have good panoramic vision, a developed ability to see in the dark and judge the distance to objects. The only thing in which the vision of horses is inferior to that of a human is the perception of color.

Eyes and their features

• The movements of the chameleon's eyes are completely independent of each other: one can look forward, the other - to the side.
• Some types of scorpions have up to 12 eyes, and many spiders have eight. The famous New Zealand tuatara lizard, which is considered a contemporary of dinosaurs, is called “three-eyed”. Her third eye is in her forehead!
• The diameter of the eyeball of an adult is about 24 millimeters. It is the same for all people, differs only in fractions of a millimeter (without the presence of eye pathologies).
• Goats, sheep, mongooses and octopuses have rectangular pupils.
• An ostrich's eyes are larger than its brain.
• Jumping spiders have eight eyes - two large and six small.
• The eyeballs of an owl occupy almost the entire skull and, due to their large size, they cannot rotate in their orbits. But this shortcoming is redeemed by the exceptional mobility of the cervical vertebrae - an owl can turn its head 180 °.
• Starfish have one eye at the end of each ray and individual light-sensitive cells are scattered over the entire surface of the body, but these inhabitants of the seas are only able to distinguish between light and dark.
• The eye of large whales weighs about 1 kg.
• The drawing of the iris of the eye in a person is individual. It can be used to identify a person.
• The eyes of the mantis shrimp are a complex system. At the same time, they see in optical, infrared, ultraviolet, and also in polarized light. In order for a person to see in all these ranges, you need to carry about 100 kg with you. various electronic equipment.
• Among the inhabitants of the seas, the most perfect eyes are in cephalopods - octopuses, squids, cuttlefish.

Do you know that...

• The average person blinks every 10 seconds, the blink time is 1-3 seconds. It can be calculated that in 12 hours a person blinks for 25 minutes.
• Women blink about twice as often as men.
• A person has 150 eyelashes on the upper and lower eyelids.
• On average, women cry 47 times a year, and men 7.
• It is impossible to sneeze with your eyes open.
• When working at a computer during the day, the eyes focus from the screen to paper about twenty thousand times.
• Crocodiles cry when they eat meat. Thus, through special glands near the eyes, they remove excess salts from the body. This fact was experimentally confirmed by American scientists.
• Eyes get used to the dark in 60-80 minutes. After being in the dark for about a minute, sensitivity to light increases 10 times, and after 20 minutes - 6 thousand times. That is why, coming out into the light, after being in a dark room, we always feel strong discomfort.

The role of vision is difficult to overestimate. It has been proven that a person receives 90% of information through the eyes, so the difference between the concepts of “just seeing” and “seeing life 100%” becomes huge. At the same time, the organ of vision is one of the most complex in our body. So, it is controlled by very "fast" muscles - the eye can make more than 120 movements-oscillations per second, even if you just focused your eyes at one point. These and other interesting facts about vision have a big impact on our ability to see.

• Fact number 1. Size matters. The eyeball in all healthy people normally has almost the same weight of 7-8 g. Its size is also static and is 24 mm. The difference in this indicator in healthy people varies only in fractions of a millimeter. At the same time, the quality of human vision directly depends on the size of the eye. So, if it is more than normal, there is myopia, or myopia. Otherwise - .
• Fact number 2. eyesalso need freedom. The limitation of space greatly affects the development of myopia. Residents of large cities often do not have to look into the distance, since all objects are close enough. In rural areas, there are more open spaces, which means that a person trains his pupil more often, shifting his gaze from objects located in the distance to those that are directly in front of him. Therefore, parents need to pay their children's attention more to objects located far away, otherwise the child's world will narrow down to a notebook and a computer monitor lying on the table and the risk of visual impairment will increase.
• Fact number 3. We look with the eye, we see “in the mind”. The organ of vision is a "conductor" of information, and our brain analyzes it. At the same time, he always corrects the images that we perceive. Many have heard that in reality the image is projected upside down on the retina, and our brain translates it into a normal position. This is easy to verify if you put on special glasses that will turn the picture upside down. After some time, the brain will adjust, and this distortion of vision will disappear. In addition, in the eyes of every person there are so-called blind spots - areas of the retina that are insensitive to light. To find them, conduct an experiment right now. Close your right eye and look with your left eye at the circled cross. Without taking your eyes off him, try bringing your face closer to the monitor. At some point, the cross on the left will disappear. But if you looked with two eyes, the brain would "neutralize" this effect, using information coming from the other eye.

• Fact number 4. How long ago did you visit an ophthalmologist? A study* has been conducted to assess people's attitudes towards the importance of eye exams. More than 6,000 respondents from different countries took part in it. During the study, interesting facts about vision were obtained. Only 54% of the participants had at least once been examined by an ophthalmologist, the rest said that this was not necessary. 44% of respondents believe that if they see at an acceptable level for themselves, then their eyes are absolutely healthy. At the same time, 79% of respondents noted that improved vision would allow them to more effectively cope with work, play sports and, in general, improve the quality of life.
• Fact number 5. Take care of your eyes from a young age! Despite the development of science, a complete eye transplant from one person to another is impossible. This is due to the fact that the visual apparatus is closely connected with the brain, and it is impossible to restore nerve endings during such an operation. At the moment, medicine has reached the possibility of transplanting only certain parts of the eye for vision correction - the cornea, sclera, lens, etc.

It is important to know that the use of "outdated" glasses or contact lenses can cause headaches.

*Global Attitudes and Perceptions About Vision Care, The Vision Care Institute™, LLC

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We are accustomed to mercilessly load our eyes, sitting in front of monitors. And few people think that in fact it is a unique organ, about which even science is still far from knowing everything.

website invites all office workers to think more often about the state of vision and at least sometimes do exercises for the eyes.

• The pupils of the eyes dilate almost half when we look at the one we love.
• The cornea of ​​the human eye is so similar to the cornea of ​​a shark that the latter is used as a substitute for eye surgery.
• Each eye contains 107 million cells, all of which are sensitive to light.
• Every 12th male is colorblind.
• The human eye can only perceive three parts of the spectrum: red, blue and yellow. The rest of the colors are combinations of these colors.
• Our eyes are about 2.5 cm in diameter and weigh about 8 grams.
• Only 1/6 of the eyeball is visible.
• On average, we see about 24 million different images in our lifetime.
• Your fingerprints have 40 unique characteristics while your iris has 256. It is for this reason that retinal scanning is used for security purposes.
• People say "before the blink of an eye" because it's the fastest muscle in the body. Blinking lasts about 100 - 150 milliseconds, and you can blink 5 times per second.
• The eyes transmit a huge amount of information to the brain every hour. The bandwidth of this channel is comparable to the channels of Internet providers in a large city.
• Brown eyes are actually blue under brown pigment. There is even a laser procedure that can turn brown eyes blue permanently.
• Our eyes focus on about 50 things per second.
• The images that are sent to our brain are actually upside down.
• The eyes load the brain with work more than any other part of the body.
• Each eyelash lives for about 5 months.
• The Maya considered cross-eyed attractive and tried to make their children be cross-eyed.
• About 10,000 years ago, all people had brown eyes, until a person living in the Black Sea region developed a genetic mutation that led to the appearance of blue eyes.
• If only one eye is red in a flash photo, chances are you have eye swelling (if both eyes are looking in the same direction at the camera). Fortunately, the cure rate is 95%.
• Schizophrenia can be detected with up to 98.3% accuracy using a conventional eye movement test.
• Humans and dogs are the only ones who look for visual cues in the eyes of others, and dogs only do this by interacting with people.
• Approximately 2% of women have a rare genetic mutation that causes them to have an extra retinal cone. This allows them to see 100 million colors.
• Johnny Depp is blind in his left eye and nearsighted in his right.
• A case of Siamese twins from Canada, who have a common thalamus, has been recorded. Because of this, they could hear each other's thoughts and see through each other's eyes.
• The human eye can make smooth (not jerky) movements only if it is following a moving object.
• The history of the Cyclopes appeared thanks to the peoples of the Mediterranean islands, who discovered the remains of extinct pygmy elephants. The elephant skull was twice the size of a human skull, and the central nasal cavity was often mistaken for the eye socket.
• Astronauts can't cry in space because of gravity. Tears collect in small balls and begin to sting your eyes.
• Pirates used blindfolds to quickly adapt their vision to the environment above and below deck. Thus, one of their eyes got used to the bright light, and the other to the dim.
• There are colors too "difficult" for the human eye, they are called "impossible colors".
• We see certain colors as this is the only spectrum of light that passes through water - the area where our eyes originated. There was no evolutionary reason on earth to see a wider spectrum.
• Eyes began to develop about 550 million years ago. The simplest eye was particles of photoreceptor proteins in single-celled animals.
• Sometimes people suffering from aphakia - the absence of the lens, report that they see the ultraviolet spectrum of light.
• Bees have hairs in their eyes. They help determine wind direction and flight speed.
• Apollo astronauts have reported seeing flashes and streaks of light when they close their eyes. It was later revealed that this was caused by cosmic radiation bombarding their retinas outside of Earth's magnetosphere.
• We “see” with the brain, not with the eyes. Blurring and low-quality images are a disease of the eyes, as a sensor that receives an image with distortion. Then the brain will impose its distortions and “dead zones”.
• About 65-85% of white cats with blue eyes are deaf.

Eyes- an organ that enables a person to live a full life, admire the beauties of the surrounding nature and comfortably exist in society. People understand how important the eyes are, but rarely think about why they blink, cannot sneeze with their eyes closed, and other interesting facts associated with a unique organ.

10 interesting facts about the human eye

Eyes are the conductor of information about the world around us.

In addition to vision, a person has organs of touch and smell, but it is the eyes that are the conductors of 80% of the information that tells about what is happening around. The property of the eyes to fix images is very important, since it is visual images that keep memory longer. When you re-encounter with a specific person or object, the organ of vision activates memories and provides ground for reflection.

Scientists compare eyes with a camera, the quality of which is many times higher than cutting-edge technology. Bright and rich content pictures allow a person to easily navigate in the world around him.

The cornea of ​​the eye is the only tissue in the body that does not receive blood.

The cornea of ​​the eye receives oxygen directly from the air.

The uniqueness of such an organ as the eye lies in the fact that no blood enters its cornea. The presence of capillaries would have a negative effect on the quality of the image fixed by the eye, so oxygen, without which no organ of the human body can work effectively, receives oxygen directly from the air.

Highly sensitive sensors that transmit a signal to the brain

The eye is a miniature computer

Ophthalmologists (specialists in the field of vision) compare the eyes to a miniature computer that captures information and instantly transmits it to the brain. Scientists have calculated that the "RAM" of the organ of vision can process about 36 thousand bits of information within an hour, programmers know how large this volume is. Meanwhile, the weight of miniature portable computers is only 27 grams.

What gives a close location of the eyes to a person?

A person sees only what is happening directly in front of him.

The location of the eyes in animals, insects and humans is different, this is explained not only by physiological processes, but also by the nature of life and the gray habitat of a living being. The close arrangement of the eyes provides the depth of the image and the volume of objects.

People are more perfect creatures, therefore they have high-quality vision, especially when compared with marine life and animals. True, in such an arrangement there is a minus - a person sees only what is happening directly in front of him, the review is significantly reduced. In many animals, a horse can serve as an example, the eyes are located on the sides of the head, this structure allows you to “capture” more space and respond in time to the approaching danger.

Do all the inhabitants of the earth have eyes?

Approximately 95 percent of living creatures on our planet have an organ of vision.

Approximately 95 percent of the living beings of our planet have an organ of vision, but most of them have a different eye structure. In the inhabitants of the deep sea, the organ of vision is light-sensitive cells that are not able to distinguish color and shape; all that such vision is capable of is to perceive light and its absence.

Some animals determine the volume and texture of objects, but at the same time they see them exclusively in black and white. A characteristic feature of insects is the ability to see many pictures at the same time, while they do not recognize the color scheme. The ability to qualitatively convey the colors of surrounding objects is only in the human eye.

Is it true that the human eye is the most perfect?

There is a myth that a person can only recognize seven colors, but scientists are ready to debunk it. According to experts, the human organ of vision is capable of perceiving over 10 million colors; not a single living creature has such a feature. However, there are other criteria that are not inherent to the human eye, for example, some insects are able to recognize infrared rays and ultraviolet signals, and the eyes of flies have the ability to detect movement very quickly. The human eye can be called the most perfect only in the field of color recognition.

Who on the planet has the most island vision?

Veronica Seider - the girl with the sharpest eyesight on the planet

The name of a student from Germany, Veronica Seider, is listed in the Guinness Book of Records, the girl has the sharpest eyesight on the planet. Veronica recognizes a person's face at a distance of 1 kilometer 600 meters, this figure is about 20 times higher than the norm.

Why does a person blink?

If a person did not blink, his eyeball would quickly dry out and there could be no talk of high-quality vision. Blinking causes the eye to become covered with tear fluid. It takes about 12 minutes a day for a person to blink - 1 time in 10 seconds, during which time the eyelids close over 27 thousand times.
A person starts blinking for the first time at six months.

Why do people sneeze in bright light?

The eyes and nasal cavity of a person are connected by nerve endings, so often when exposed to bright light, we begin to sneeze. By the way, no one can sneeze with their eyes open, this phenomenon is also associated with the reaction of nerve endings to external calming agents.

Restoring vision with the help of sea creatures

Scientists have found similarities in the structure of the human eye and marine creatures, in this case we are talking about sharks. Methods of modern medicine make it possible to restore human vision by transplanting the cornea of ​​a shark. Such operations are very successfully practiced in China.

Sincerely,

Human vision is an absolutely unique system. It accounts for approximately 80% of the total perception of the world.

And there are so many interesting and unknown things in it that we, at times, are amazed at how much we do not know. In order to slightly expand the boundaries of the known and, perhaps, to surprise with something, I suggest that you familiarize yourself with the selection of the most interesting facts about eyes and vision.

We are accustomed to mercilessly load our eyes, sitting in front of monitors. And few people think that in fact it is a unique organ, about which even science is still far from knowing everything.

♦ Brown eyes are actually blue under brown pigment. There is even a laser procedure that can turn brown eyes blue permanently.

♦ The pupils of the eyes dilate by 45% when we look at the one we love.

♦ The cornea of ​​the eye is the only part of the human body that is not supplied with oxygen through the circulatory system. Corneal cells receive oxygen dissolved in tears directly from the air.

♦ The corneas of human and shark eyes are similar in structure. Using this interesting fact, surgeons use shark corneas in operations as a substitute.

♦ You cannot sneeze with your eyes open. When we sneeze, we reflexively close them. After all, at the moment the air flow exits through the nose and mouth, the pressure in the eye blood vessels increases significantly. Closed eyelids prevent rupture of eye capillaries. This is our body's natural defense.
The second hypothesis explains this fact by the reflex behavior of the body: when sneezing, the muscles of the nose and face (which force the eyes to close) contract.
Another curious fact is that during a sneeze, the air speed reaches 150 kilometers per hour.
Some people sneeze when bright light enters their eyes.

♦ Our eyes can distinguish about 500 shades of gray.

♦ Each eye contains 107 million cells, all of which are sensitive to light.

♦ The human eye is able to perceive seven primary colors: blue, orange, red, yellow, green, cyan, violet. It should be remembered about the fact from the field of physics - there are three "pure" colors: green, red, blue. The other four colors are combinations of the first three.

At the same time, it turns out that we can distinguish about a hundred thousand shades, but, for example, the eye of an artist sees almost a million different shades of colors.

♦ Our eyes are about 2.5 cm in diameter and weigh about 8 grams.
Interestingly, these parameters are the same for almost all people. Depending on the individual characteristics of the structure of the body, they can differ by a fraction of a percent. A newborn baby has an apple diameter of ~18 millimeters and a weight of ~3 grams.

♦ Of all the muscles in our body, the muscles that control the eyes are the most active.

♦ The space of the frontal bone between the eyes is called the Glabella.

♦ Your eyes will always remain the same size as when you were born, and your ears and nose will never stop growing.

♦ There are people on Earth whose eye color is different. This phenomenon is called heterochromia. There are very few such unique ones - only 1% of the population has been recorded, the color of the iris of the left eye of which does not match the color of the right. A similar phenomenon occurs due to mutations at the gene level (lack of color pigment - melanin).

♦ It is wrong to assume that any one eye color is inherent in a person. As it turned out, it can change due to various factors, for example, depending on the lighting. This is especially true for light-eyed people.

In bright light or extreme cold, the color of a person's eyes changes. This interesting phenomenon is called a chameleon.

♦ In addition, the fact that the blue color of the eyes is the result of a mutation in the HERC2 gene, which arose many years ago, has been proven. About 10,000 years ago, all people had brown eyes, until a person living in the Black Sea region developed a genetic mutation that led to the appearance of blue eyes. In this regard, in carriers of this gene, the amount of melanin production in the iris, which is responsible for eye color, is greatly reduced.

♦ The flashes of light you see in your eyes when you rub them are called "phosphene".
Phosphene - visual sensations, unusual effects that appear in a person without exposure to light on the eye. The effects are luminous dots, figures, flashes in the eyes in the dark.

♦ On average, we see about 24 million different images in our lifetime.

♦ The eyes transmit a huge amount of information to the brain every hour. The bandwidth of this channel is comparable to the channels of Internet providers in a large city.
The eyes process about 36,000 bits of information every hour.

♦ Only 1/6 of the eyeball is visible.

♦ Our eyes focus on about 50 things per second. Each time you change your gaze, the lens changes focus. The most advanced photo lens needs 1.5 seconds to change focus, the lens of the eye changes focus permanently, the process itself occurs unconsciously.

♦ People say "before the blink of an eye" because it's the fastest muscle in the body. Blinking lasts about 100 - 150 milliseconds, and you can blink 5 times per second.
Our eyes blink an average of 17 times a minute, 14,280 times a day, and 5.2 million times a year.
Interestingly, when talking, a person blinks more often than when he is silent. Studies have also shown that men blink twice as often as women.

♦ The eyes load the brain with work more than any other part of the body.

♦ The life cycle of an eyelash is no more than five months, after which it, dying, falls out. On the upper and lower eyelids of the human eye - 150 eyelashes.

♦ If only one eye is red in a flash photo, chances are you have eye swelling (if both eyes are looking in the same direction at the camera). Fortunately, the cure rate is 95%.

♦ The human eye contains two kinds of cells - cones and rods. Cones see in bright light and distinguish colors, the sensitivity of the rods is extremely low. In the dark, sticks are able to adapt to a new environment, thanks to them a person has night vision. The individual sensitivity of the sticks of each person allows you to see in the dark to varying degrees.

♦ The Maya considered cross-eyed attractive and tried to make their children be cross-eyed.

♦ Schizophrenia can be detected with up to 98.3% accuracy using a conventional eye movement test.

♦ Approximately 2% of women have a rare genetic mutation that causes them to have an extra retinal cone. This allows them to see 100 million colors.

♦ American actor, director, producer, screenwriter, three-time Oscar nominee Johnny Depp is practically blind in his left eye and nearsighted in his right. This interesting fact about his own vision, the actor said in an interview with Rolling Stone magazine in July 2013. According to Johnny Depp, he has been haunted by vision problems since childhood, from the age of fifteen.

It is this interesting fact that explains the reason why most of Depp's heroes have vision problems and wear glasses.

♦ The history of the Cyclopes appeared thanks to the peoples of the Mediterranean islands, who discovered the remains of extinct pygmy elephants. The elephant skull was twice the size of a human skull, and the central nasal cavity was often mistaken for the eye socket.

♦ A case of Siamese twins from Canada, who have a common thalamus, has been recorded. Because of this, they could hear each other's thoughts and see through each other's eyes.

♦ The eye, turning with the help of six muscles that provide its unusual mobility, permanently makes intermittent movements.
The human eye can make smooth (not jerky) movements only if it is following a moving object.

♦ An unusual method of diagnosing the iris in alternative medicine is called iridology.

♦ In ancient Egypt, makeup was worn by both women and men. Eyelid paint was made from copper (green paint) and lead (black paint). The ancient Egyptians believed that this makeup had healing properties. Makeup was used primarily to protect from the sun's rays and only secondarily as a decoration.

♦ The most severe damage to the eyes is caused by the use of cosmetics.

♦ Man is the only creature on the planet that has proteins.

♦ The images that are sent to our brain are actually upside down (this fact was first established and researched in 1897 by the American psychologist George Malcolm Stratton and is called inversion).
The information collected by the eyes is transmitted upside down through the optic nerve to the brain, where it is analyzed by the brain in the visual cortex and visualized in a completed form.

In the case of using special glasses with the effect of inverting the image (a person sees objects upside down), the brain gradually gets used to such a defect and will automatically adapt the seen picture to the correct state. This is due to the fact that initially the image, passing through the optic nerve to the part of the brain, appears upside down. And the brain is adapted to respond to such a feature, aligning the image.

♦ Humans and dogs are the only ones who look for visual cues in the eyes of others, and dogs only do this when interacting with humans.

♦ Astronauts can't cry in space because of gravity. Tears collect in small balls and begin to sting in the eyes.

♦ There are colors too "difficult" for the human eye, they are called "impossible colors".

♦ Not all pirates who used the blindfold were disabled. The bandage was put on shortly before the attack to quickly adapt the vision to the battle on and below deck. One eye of the pirates got used to the bright light, the other to the dim light. The bandage changed as needed and the conditions of the battle.

♦ We see certain colors because that is the only spectrum of light that passes through water, the area where our eyes originated. There was no evolutionary reason on earth to see a wider spectrum.

♦ Eyes began to develop about 550 million years ago. The simplest eye was particles of photoreceptor proteins in single-celled animals.

♦ Apollo astronauts have reported seeing flashes and streaks of light when they close their eyes. It was later revealed that this was caused by cosmic radiation bombarding their retinas outside of Earth's magnetosphere.

♦ Bees have hairs in their eyes. They help determine wind direction and flight speed.

♦ We “see” with the brain, not with the eyes. Blurring and low-quality images are a disease of the eyes, as a sensor that receives an image with distortion.
Then the brain will impose its distortions and “dead zones”. In many cases, blurry or poor vision is not caused by the eyes, but by problems with the visual cortex of the brain.

♦ The eyes use about 65 percent of the brain's resources. This is more than any other part of the body.

♦ If you pour cold water into a person's ear, the eyes will move towards the opposite ear. If you pour warm water into an ear, the eyes will move to the same ear. This test, called the "caloric test", is used to determine brain damage.

♦ The ideal duration of eye contact with the person you first met is 4 seconds. This is necessary to determine what color of eyes he has.

♦ The wriggling particles that appear in your eyes are called "floats". These are shadows cast on the retina by tiny filaments of protein within the eye.

♦ Octopus eyes do not have a blind spot, they evolved separately from other vertebrates.

♦ Sometimes people who suffer from aphakia, the absence of the lens, report seeing ultraviolet light.

♦ Did you know that the iris of each person's eye is absolutely unique, just like fingerprints. This feature is used at some checkpoints by scanning the eye, and thus determining the person's identity. Such a system underlies biometric passports, where information about a person is stored in a special microcircuit, as well as a drawing of the iris of his eye.
Your fingerprints have 40 unique characteristics while your iris has 256. It is for this reason that retinal scanning is used for security purposes.

♦ Interestingly, men are more susceptible to such a disease as color blindness (the inability of a person to distinguish one or more colors). Of the total number of people suffering from color blindness - only 0.5% are the fair sex. Every 12th male is colorblind.

Scientists have also noticed that newborn children are color blind. The ability to distinguish colors appears at a later age.

♦ Almost 100 percent of people over 60 are diagnosed with eye herpes at autopsy.

♦ Contrary to the popular belief that the bull is irritated by the red fabric (according to the rules of bullfighting, the bull reacts aggressively to the red cape of the toreador), scientists argue that these animals do not distinguish red at all, and besides, they are short-sighted. And the reaction of the bull is explained by the fact that he perceives the flashing of the cloak as a threat and tries to attack, defending himself from the enemy.

♦ If you place two halves of ping-pong balls over your eyes and look at a red light while listening to a radio set to static, you will have vivid and complex hallucinations. This method is called ganzfeld procedure.

♦ About 65-85% of white cats with blue eyes are deaf.

♦ To keep an eye on nocturnal predators, many animal species (ducks, dolphins, iguanas) sleep with one eye open. One half of their brain is asleep while the other is awake.

♦ There is a very simple way to distinguish a vegetarian animal from a predator. And then nature put everything in its place.

The first one has eyes on both sides of the head in order to see the enemy in time. But predators have eyes in front, which helps them track down prey.

According to www.oprava.ua, www.infoniac.ru