A normal hemoglobin count plays an important role during surgery, as well as for recovery after it.

Hemoglobin and its functioning in the blood

Blood contains cells of various shapes and colors. Red cells have an oval shape with a depressed middle and are called erythrocytes. This is necessary for the transport of oxygen molecules to the cells of the body and carbon dioxide to the lungs.

Inside erythrocytes there is a substance that consists of the protein part of globin and the red heme pigment, which has iron in its composition. The interaction of iron with oxygen, which it binds in the lungs for further transport, gives the blood a red color.

Insufficient hemoglobin content in the blood causes:

• lowering blood pressure;
• tachycardia with subsequent development of cardiomyopathy;
• drowsiness, weakness;
• anemia
• change in taste;
• deterioration in appearance;
• liver enlargement;
• swelling of the lower extremities.

Low hemoglobin does not perform the respiratory function of the body and causes oxygen starvation of cells with the subsequent development of pathological abnormalities. In the tissues there is a violation of metabolic processes with the occurrence of the above symptoms.

Low hemoglobin and surgery

During surgery, it is necessary that the readings of blood tests are as close to normal as possible. Due to the serious impact on the body, its rapid recovery is important, which is possible with the healthy function of its systems and organs.

In the postoperative period, the level of hemoglobin decreases due to various adverse factors:

• The loss of blood during surgery reduces its volume and the quantitative composition of the cells in it. The level of erythrocytes and hemoglobin also falls. This entails the development of hemorrhagic anemia. Anesthesia, which can adversely affect various organs and systems of the body. Narcosis, despite its analgesic function, can harm the patient if the dosage is incorrect, or if the individual characteristics of the patient were not taken into account. There are some types of anesthesia that affect the function of breathing and the transport of oxygen in the blood.
• Performing abdominal operations on various organs. If this surgical intervention is performed in the gastrointestinal tract, then the process of absorption of various substances changes for the worse. Iron, vitamin B12, folic acid are responsible for hematopoiesis. They do not enter the body in sufficient quantities, which leads to the development of deficient anemic conditions.

Decreased hemoglobin before surgery

Knowing about the problems that may arise during and after surgical interventions, one can understand the reason for the ban on surgery with low hemoglobin.

The postoperative recovery period is also of particular importance. It depends on the state of hemoglobin, therefore, before the start of surgical treatment, a number of examinations are prescribed, which take into account the state of blood, urine, as well as the work of all organs and systems.

Observation of patients during the recovery period gives every reason to assert that the development of an anemic state after the operation doubles the likelihood of developing serious complications and an unfavorable outcome. Therefore, doctors take into account the ratio of erythrocytes and total blood volume - this indicator should be at least 30%. This proportion of blood units in its liquid part is called hematocrit.

A hemoglobin concentration below 100 g/l is a contraindication for surgery. A low level of blood protein up to 100 g/l is manifested by mild anemia. Such indicators allow for an urgent operation only.

When anesthesia is administered, the anesthesiologist takes into account the development of some life-threatening conditions with reduced hemoglobin:

• a sharp drop in blood pressure;
• deterioration in the activity of the heart muscle;
• deterioration of blood microcirculation;
• change in the blood picture.

If there are no urgent indications for surgical intervention, then first of all it is necessary to find out the origin of the reduced hemoglobin level and neutralize it (with subsequent treatment of anemia).

If the formation of hemolytic anemia occurs in the body, then its exacerbation begins in the postoperative period. Therefore, with the development of bleeding during the operation, there is a possibility that the body will not cope with the load due to the initially low level of hemoglobin in it.

Operation prohibited

Why can't you do surgery with low hemoglobin? Before performing surgery, it is necessary to cure any of the existing types of anemia. However, not all varieties of this blood composition disorder respond well to treatment.

When a patient develops hereditary sickle cell anemia, in which the shape of red blood cells and the structure of hemoglobin in them change, the case is considered a severe and extremely dangerous condition for surgery. In this case, only blood transfusion before and after surgery, taking into account vital signs, can increase the level of hemoglobin in the blood. Such anemia is treated symptomatically for the rest of the patient's life.

In carrying out urgent surgical intervention, the following factors should be considered:

• available emergency indications;
• the risk of bleeding;
• surgical treatment of anemia.

In other cases, you must first increase the level of hemoglobin, and only then can you perform anesthesia, surgery. If urgent surgery is required to save a person, and hemoglobin is below the prescribed unit, then the patient needs to undergo a blood transfusion.

Blood transfusion is the only way in which you can normalize the state of human health. This procedure can also be called an operation, since there is an intervention in the internal organ of a person - blood. Transplantation of one's own or someone else's blood is carried out in a hospital under the close supervision of medical personnel. Transfusion can cause unwanted effects that are difficult to predict. They can be the most serious, even fatal.

If the body develops deficiency anemia with a lack of iron or vitamin B12, then there is a possibility of developing serious complications during surgical intervention. If planned surgical treatment is planned, then it is necessary to restore blood parameters closer to normal. This may take a long time.

It is important to know that patients with a hematocrit level of less than 28% before surgery have a high risk of death within 30 days after surgery due to increased wear and tear of the heart muscle.

Treatment of anemic conditions after surgery

The principles of correction in the postoperative period of low hemoglobin are not much different from the treatment of other anemic conditions:

1. Nutrition with a sufficient content of protein, vitamins and minerals, which are aimed at repaying the deficiency of missing substances for normal blood formation in the body.
2. Iron supplements, vitamin B12 injections.
3. Vitamin C, folic acid and digestive enzymes to improve nutrient absorption.
4. Symptomatic treatment of internal organs.
5. Blood transfusion is a lifelong important indication.

Therapy for each patient is strictly individual. Medical nutrition must be observed for a long period, and sometimes for life.

In order for hemoglobin to be within the normal range, it must be regularly monitored. Periodic blood donation for analysis will help to detect anemia in a timely manner and treat it in time.

Causes of a low level of hemoglobin in the blood - signs and consequences, treatment with drugs and diet

If in women, children, the elderly, according to the results of blood tests, low hemoglobin is found, it is required to correct it. This indicator indicates the content of iron in blood cells. With a decrease in hemoglobin, a person feels bad, it is difficult for him to do simple work, shortness of breath begins, blanching of the covers. After contacting a doctor, it is required to undergo a course of treatment in order to prevent serious violations and complications.

What is hemoglobin

In medicine, hemoglobin refers to a compound of iron and a complex protein found in red blood cells - erythrocytes. The function of a substance is to saturate organs and tissues with oxygen. The compound captures oxygen from the lungs, oxidizes it and transfers it to the structures. A low level of hemoglobin is dangerous because the body begins to lack oxygen, and this is reflected in poor functionality.

Decreased hemoglobin

In order for the production of red blood cells to occur, it is necessary to take iron-containing food and ensure its normal absorption in the small intestine. Food should contain B vitamins, folic acid. The norm of hemoglobin in the blood in men is g / l, in women - g / l, in pregnant women - g / l. The difference is associated with a high concentration of androgens in men and a more active use of iron during childbearing.

Reduced characteristics indicate iron deficiency anemia (in 90% of cases), which affects about a third of the world's population, women, children, and the elderly are more likely to get sick. Up to 18 years of age, normal hemoglobin levels differ depending on age, but do not depend on gender. Approximate indicators of hemoglobin synthesis:

Hemoglobin level, g/l

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Symptoms

At first, signs of low hemoglobin are manifested by asthenic symptoms: weakness, rapid fatigue, drowsiness are felt, dizziness is often felt, it hurts, the heart speeds up or slows down the rhythm, pressure drops, fainting is possible. If iron deficiency causes a decrease in hemoglobin concentration, the skin becomes dry, cracks appear in the corners of the mouth, nails break, and hair falls out. There may be problems with smell and taste disturbance.

Causes of low hemoglobin

In most cases, the causes of low hemoglobin in women and men are the presence of one of the diseases:

• chronic iron deficiency anemia, folic acid deficiency;
• blood loss;
• thinning of the gastric mucosa;
• chronic disease with atrophic gastritis, enteritis;
• intestinal inflammation, dysbacteriosis;
• transferred operations;
• autoimmune diseases (lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, glomerulonephritis);
• hepatitis, gastroenterocolitis, tuberculosis, pneumonia, inflammation of the kidneys;
• blood cancer (leukemia), gastrointestinal tract;
• regular blood donation;
• vegetarianism without taking B vitamins.

Among women

Symptoms of low hemoglobin in women are manifested with obvious or hidden blood loss. The former include abundant prolonged menstruation, hemorrhoids, wounds, injuries, operations. Of the latter, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, ovarian cysts, and uterine myoma are distinguished. Infections, hereditary and autoimmune diseases lead to a short life of red blood cells and signs of low concentration.

During pregnancy, the growing fetus draws iron from the mother's body. If two or more fetuses are born, the likelihood of a vitamin deficiency increases significantly. The norm during pregnancy is 110 g / l, mild anemia - at, medium - at 70-90, severe - less than 70 g / l. The dangers of iron deficiency are hypoxia, preeclampsia (late toxicosis), abortion, the birth of a low-weight baby, and postpartum death.

In children

Why hemoglobin falls in children depends on an unbalanced diet, poor in vitamins and minerals necessary for the child's body. Occult bleeding, congenital diseases, malignant blood pathologies can lead to iron deficiency anemia. The level of iron in the blood can be affected by the constant lack of hemoglobin in the mother during gestation, the lack of vitamins is transmitted to the child.

After operation

During surgery, the body experiences a serious external impact that can affect the number of red blood cells. The reasons for the shortage and their low level after the operation are:

1. Blood loss - hemorrhagic anemia due to the loss of a large amount of blood. Recovery occurs by plasma transfusion.
2. General anesthesia - under anesthesia, the functions of the body change, stress occurs, the work of the heart is inhibited, the temperature may drop. It is artificially required to lower the pressure, which leads to a change in the composition, microcirculation of the blood.
3. Operations on the stomach, large, small intestine - lead to a slowdown in the absorption of iron, a violation of the synthesis of folic acid.
4. Anemia before surgery - adverse outcome rises by 40%. If the hemoglobin concentration is less than 100 g/l (very low), interventions are prohibited.

Consequences

In addition to unpleasant symptoms, a low concentration of red blood cells leads to a decrease in immunity, which increases the risk of complications even with a simple cold. In pregnant women, low hemoglobin leads to hypotension of the uterus, malposition of the placenta, hypoxia, fetal growth retardation or death. A newborn may be underweight, underdeveloped, he has respiratory and nervous system disorders, in the future he grows up with a mental and physical lag, his muscles, organs develop improperly, atrophy.

Also do not forget to thank the doctors.

gynecologist1 23:00

gynecologist1 00:36

gynecologist2 13:22

gynecologist9 09:34

gynecologist8 11:43

The description is as follows: liver-clear contours, even, slightly enlarged; gallbladder and pancreas are in order; the spleen is normal, the expansion of the splenic and portal veins up to 10 and 16.5 mm; adrenal glands are normal; adrenal glands are normal; there is no free fluid in the pelvis; the uterus is enlarged in volume up to 107*100*102 mm due to formations up to 66 mm in D with the inclusion of calcifications; the left ovary is enlarged to 66*30mm due to a cord along the ovarian vein with the inclusion of calcifications; parietal two cysts up to 14 and 16 mm in D; the bladder is compressed; signs of an increase in single retroperitoneal paraortal LUs up to 19 * 11 mm on the left. And the conclusion: CT-signs of multiple uterine myomas, the formation of the left ovary cannot be excluded, signs of lymphodenapotia of the retroperitoneal space. Hepatomegaly, signs of portal hypertension.

Tell me, please, exactly what is with your mother? Because specifically, the doctors do not say anything, they just shrug. Need urgent treatment. You need to know what mom has specifically and what to hope for. Thanks!

Low hemoglobin: what to do?

Low hemoglobin, or anemia, is a condition in which there is a decrease in the number of full-fledged red cells (erythrocytes) in the blood. Why does the level of hemoglobin decrease, what threatens the decrease in this protein? And what if you have low hemoglobin?

What is hemoglobin?

Human blood is made up of plasma and cells: erythrocytes (red blood cells) and leukocytes (white blood cells). Red blood cells carry oxygen, without which cells cannot exist, and white blood cells protect the body from harmful microorganisms.

Red blood cells contain an iron-containing protein called hemoglobin. In its structure there is an iron ion, which, when combined with oxygen, makes our blood red. Moving through the circulatory system through the lungs, iron combines with oxygen and delivers it to all parts of the body. In the opposite direction, hemoglobin takes carbon dioxide from the cells and carries it through the veins to the lungs.

Related diseases:

What is a normal hemoglobin level?

Hemoglobin readings for men and women are slightly different.

What causes a low hemoglobin level?

If the hemoglobin level is low, tissues and organs begin to suffer from a lack of oxygen. This condition is called anemia or iron deficiency anemia. Signs of anemia are easy to recognize:

Why does hemoglobin decrease?

• The cause of a decrease in hemoglobin is most often dysfunctional uterine bleeding during hormonal changes in the body, blood loss during childbirth and operations.
• Improper diet and stress can also cause iron deficiency anemia. The risk group, in particular, includes people who constantly resort to diets for weight loss.
• Iron deficiency anemia can also develop as a result of a violation of the absorption of iron in the intestine. A similar condition occurs with chronic enteritis (inflammation of the colon), as well as after intestinal surgery, during which part of the intestine is removed.
• Low hemoglobin can be a congenital condition and is often seen in older people.

How to restore hemoglobin level?

“In order to increase hemoglobin, enter lean meats into the diet. Drink as many fresh juices as possible, especially pomegranate. Increase the time spent in the fresh air,” says doctor Alexander Maksimenko.

To replenish iron stores in the body will also help:

In order for the body to easily perceive protein, it must be combined with carbohydrates contained in vegetables and fruits. Add more parsley and dill to salads. Drink less tea and coffee. They contain substances that flush iron from the body. Such a diet will help fill iron deficiency and increase hemoglobin.

However, if low hemoglobin persists for a long time, this means that the disease has formed, then one diet is not enough. In this case, iron deficiency is replenished with medications.

Related symptoms:

Medical treatment

To date, there are many iron preparations that restore hemoglobin levels. However, when taking tablets, unpleasant side effects from the gastrointestinal tract are possible, such as: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea. Therefore, injections are often prescribed for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia.

When treating, it is very important to observe the dosage, since an excess amount of iron in the body can cause another unpleasant disease - hemosiderosis. That is why taking iron medications on their own is not recommended.

Remember that making anemia is not so difficult, but increasing hemoglobin is much more difficult.

Why low hemoglobin is dangerous and how to raise it

Doctors told how to quickly raise the level of hemoglobin.

Hemoglobin is part of the red blood cells, which carry oxygen throughout the body and remove carbon dioxide. Blood has a red color precisely because of the combination of hemoglobin and oxygen.

If there is not enough hemoglobin in the blood, then the body does not receive enough oxygen. Nutrition and proper functioning of all cells of the body are disrupted.

The cause of the problem with hemoglobin can be prolonged bleeding, malnutrition, lack of vitamins B12 and B6.

Hemoglobin levels are checked with a simple blood test. The normal hemoglobin level for adult men is 135 to 160 g/L, and 120 to 140 g/L for adult women. A decrease in hemoglobin is normal for women who are pregnant or have heavy menstrual bleeding. When hemoglobin is low due to an abnormality or disease, it is called anemia.

Anemia is especially dangerous for children: problems with immunity and proper physical and mental development. It is possible to develop such a serious disease as sickle cell anemia. Therefore, it is especially important to monitor the level of hemoglobin for pregnant and lactating women.

Symptoms of anemia can include pale, dry and brittle hair and nails, increased fatigue, rapid heartbeat, and respiratory problems.

Anemia can be caused by heavy bleeding, such as during an operation or a gunshot wound. Anemia can also be caused by certain cancers, such as leukemia, lymphoma, or multiple myeloma. Anemia can be a side effect of chemotherapy. Anemia can also be caused by nutritional deficiencies such as iron, folic acid (vitamin B12) and vitamin B6.

In order to increase hemoglobin, you need to lead a healthy lifestyle: spend more time outdoors, exercise, sleep at least six hours a day and eat right.

The most common cause of anemia is a deficiency of iron, an essential mineral for the bone marrow to produce hemoglobin.

In cases of severe anemia, the doctor may prescribe special iron supplements. They are not well absorbed by the body, so they are best taken with meals. Much better absorbed iron, which is found in natural foods.

There are two types of iron: heme and non-heme. Heme iron is absorbed by the body much better. While non-heme iron is almost not absorbed by the body - only citric acid and vitamin C can help. Oxidized non-heme iron significantly increases the level of absorption. For good nutrition, you need to eat iron-containing foods every day, combining them with each other and foods rich in vitamin C.

beans (soybeans, beans, lentils and chickpeas),

Along with the group of foods containing non-heme iron, you should eat foods rich in vitamin C. These foods will help the iron to be absorbed by the body:

fresh sweet and hot peppers,

In addition to foods that help iron absorption, there are foods that prevent iron from being absorbed by the body.

To raise the level of hemoglobin from the diet should be excluded, or taken separately from iron-containing foods:

foods rich in fiber.

calcium preparations, soda.

Decoctions will help to raise the level of hemoglobin:

curly sorrel root,

These herbs can be infused, added to salads, soups and side dishes. They are great for increasing hemoglobin levels naturally.

Black molasses and liquid chlorophyll (E140) will also help raise the level of iron in the blood.

In addition to iron and vitamin C, to raise hemoglobin levels, doctors recommend taking vitamin B 12, which is found in:

Homemade Recipes to Raise Hemoglobin

Mix one teaspoon of coriander with a teaspoon of honey. Use as a salad dressing, or use as a marinade and sauce for meat or chicken.

Soak black sesame seeds in warm water for half an hour. Crush them and pass through a sieve or filter. Mix a glass of milk, brown palm sugar or maple syrup and add the resulting sesame paste. Drink daily for at least two weeks.

Soak seven almonds overnight in warm water. Grind them into a paste. Add some honey for sweetness. This paste can be used for toast or whole grain crackers.

It is important to remember that before dramatically changing the diet and lifestyle in general, you need to consult with your doctor.

Symptoms of high hemoglobin

bowel dysfunction,

vision problems,

fatigue, and other symptoms similar to low hemoglobin levels.

To control the level of hemoglobin, after a change in lifestyle, a second blood test should be performed in a month.

Hemoglobin and its functions in the human body

Hemoglobin is a complex protein that consists of a simple globin protein and an iron-containing heme group. Hemoglobin is contained in red blood cells (erythrocytes) and performs the function of delivering oxygen from the lungs to the tissues, and then carbon dioxide to the lungs. Iron, from which heme is formed, enters the body with animal proteins.

Normally, the blood of men contains more hemoglobin than the blood of women (g / l against). A feature of hemoglobin is that its ability to attach carbon dioxide is many times stronger than the ability to attach oxygen. It is this property that makes carbon monoxide particularly dangerous: even with a slight concentration in the air, most of the hemoglobin in the blood does not bind with oxygen, but with carbon monoxide, forming a compound that is not capable of attaching oxygen.

What threatens low hemoglobin in the blood

If the amount of hemoglobin becomes below normal, then organs and tissues begin to suffer from a lack of oxygen. First of all, tissues that need oxygen most of all suffer - this is the tissue of the brain and kidneys.

A decrease in hemoglobin below normal is called iron deficiency anemia. The reason for this condition usually lies in regular blood loss (for example, with gastric or duodenal ulcers with frequent minor bleeding, stomach cancer, menstrual irregularities, and so on). Previously, the cause of such anemia was numerous wounds with heavy bleeding.

Since the iron in heme is formed from animal protein, the lack of the latter (for example, with a vegetarian diet) can also cause iron deficiency anemia. Finally, anemia can be caused by a violation of iron absorption in the intestine (for example, after operations to remove part of the stomach or intestines) or a violation of the formation of a protein that is part of hemoglobin (with hereditary diseases).

Signs of iron deficiency anemia are weakness, malaise, reduced working capacity and brain function (impaired memory, mental abilities), dry skin, hair loss, splitting of nails, frequent fainting.

How to increase hemoglobin - lessons from folk wisdom

Since ancient times, iron deficiency anemia has been treated with rust, which was collected from rusty iron surfaces. These "tricks" were especially well known to the warriors, who always had special rusty swords for these purposes. No less than men, women suffered: numerous births were usually accompanied by bleeding, and girls often suffered from menstrual irregularities, accompanied by bleeding. Water with rust helped in this case too.

Only in the 19th century, doctors were able to explain the reason why rust helped treat anemia: it was found that iron is part of the blood and its nominal deficiency is the cause of this disease.

Proper nutrition with low hemoglobin

It used to be believed that iron in any form helps to raise hemoglobin. So, it was customary to treat iron deficiency with the help of foods rich in iron, such as apples and buckwheat. But later, it was found that the iron contained in plant foods is absorbed in the human body in small quantities. And to build hemoglobin, the body needs animal proteins, which include iron, which is perfectly absorbed by the body.

Therefore, in order to increase hemoglobin, a person should eat food rich in meat (including liver, kidneys), fish (including fish caviar), dairy products, eggs.

But these foods alone can disrupt the digestion process, so the diet must necessarily contain complex carbohydrates of vegetables and cereals (cereals from whole grains).

But if hemoglobin is very low for a sufficiently long time (that is, a disease has already formed), then one diet may not be enough to restore it, and drug treatment is also required.

Drug treatment for low hemoglobin

Today, many iron preparations are produced that can be well absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract and serve as a source of hemoglobin recovery. A feature of drugs containing iron and intended for oral administration is that they irritate the gastrointestinal tract, causing such unpleasant sensations as nausea, vomiting and diarrhea.

Therefore, in some cases, iron preparations are administered by injection. But this is dangerous, since an overdose of iron can cause another equally unpleasant disease - hemosiderosis. That is why it is not recommended to take iron supplements on your own. In order to make the correct appointment, the doctor must first establish and eliminate the cause of the disease, and then carry out drug treatment.

Is it possible to do surgery with low hemoglobin

Hello, I would like to consult, I was found to have an umbilical hernia, but I have low hemoglobin (98), can I have an operation?

Question was asked 7 years ago

Doctors Answers

Hello! Undesirable. Since the operation is not emergency, but planned, we must try to bring the body back to normal. With urgent operations, of course, no one looks at such things, but with planned ones, the better the body is in, the better the recovery will go.

Read about methods for raising hemoglobin here - http://moisoveti.ru/2010/11/kak-podnyat-gemoglobin-bez-myasa/

Eat meat, liver, liver pate plus everything else that is written in the article. I think you'll be back to normal in about a month. However, it would be necessary to check why your hemoglobin is reduced? The cause may be gynecological problems, heavy periods, stomach problems (ulcer, erosive gastritis), hemorrhoids, and so on. Raise hemoglobin and along the way find out what caused the decrease. I wish you health!

Hello! Undesirable. Since the operation is not emergency, but planned, we must try to bring the body back to normal. With urgent operations, of course, no one looks at such things, but with planned ones, the better the body is in, the better the recovery will go.

Read about methods for raising hemoglobin here - http://moisoveti.ru/2010/11/kak-podnyat-gemoglobin-bez-myasa/

Eat meat, liver, liver pate plus everything else that is written in the article. I think you'll be back to normal in about a month. However, it would be necessary to check why your hemoglobin is reduced? The cause may be gynecological problems, heavy periods, stomach problems (ulcer, erosive gastritis), hemorrhoids, and so on. Raise hemoglobin and along the way find out what caused the decrease. I wish you health!

What to do if adhesions form?

Hello. My daughter had an operation on a funnel-shaped sternum 4 years ago. After 6 months, the ligature suppurated. The discharge was from the right nipple. After 3 months of unsuccessful conservative treatment, the ligature was removed. The mammologist and endocrinologists do not see the pathology. That is, there are adhesions that hold the nipple. Tell me what treatment you need to undergo and in general which specialist doctor does this? Thank you

Cutting pain with omphalitis

Hello. Tell me how to be. I was diagnosed with omphalitis (I am 29 years old). On the 3rd day I am undergoing treatment, cutting pains began in the navel, the doctor simply does bandages and does not answer the question about pain. With any change in body position, the pain is terrible. Should it be. Maybe it’s just worth being patient, or he’ll go to the emergency room because it’s the weekend and there’s no way to go to the doctor again.

Is it possible to go outside, to places of mass congestion?

I had an operation a week ago. I had a burst cyst on my ovary, they burned it to me. The operation was done through incisions. Removed all fluid through the catheter. Discharged after 3 days. I got registered with a gynecologist, they prescribed treatment. I was discharged from the hospital for 10 days, the second day I sit at home, I want fresh air. My husband is going to the salon to get a haircut, he calls me with him, and I'm afraid to freeze. And I don’t know at all whether it’s possible to be in crowded places, immunity has weakened. What will you advice me?

Gynecologist - online consultations

Is it necessary to operate with insufficient hemoglobin?

№Gynecologist 29.11.2016

Hello, two months ago, for hospitalization in gynecology for the surgical removal (curettage) of endometrial hyperplasia, which was detected by ultrasound, I took a blood test from a vein. The analysis showed very low hemoglobin 79, I was prescribed pills to raise hemoglobin, which I drank for a month. Then she re-donated blood, but already from a finger, hemoglobin became 83, that is, in a month it rose quite slightly, considering that the blood was donated from a finger. Then they prescribed i / m ferrum lek, which I did for 2 weeks, re-donated blood from a finger, now hemoglobin is 104, but it’s still not enough to the norm, besides this, as the therapist said, there is still no saturation of the body with iron. Blood parameters are as follows: hgb 104, hct 0.344, mcv 73, mch 22.2, mchc 303, rdw 19.8, plt 282, mpv 11.1, pct 0.314, pdw 15.0, wbc 7.5, lym% 20.8, mon% 4.6, gra% 74.6, lym # 1.50, mon# 0.30, gra# 5.70, anisocytosis++, poikilocytosis, hypochromia. Nevertheless, the therapist sees no contraindications to surgery. The gynecologist is also not against the operation now. I have doubts about insufficient hemoglobin, which will still fall during the operation. Is it worth postponing the operation until the hemoglobin rises to normal or is it necessary to operate with insufficient hemoglobin? If curettage is postponed for 1-2 months, will hyperplasia progress to oncology during this time or until the condition worsens and emergency hospitalization? According to the results of ultrasound three months ago, M-ECHO on the 23rd day of menstruation was 14 mm, on repeated ultrasound on the 6th day of menstruation, the endometrium was 7.5 mm thick, heterogeneous, increased echogenicity, avascular, basal layer is clear, even, echogenicity and structure do not correspond to the day menstrual cycle, in conclusion, ultrasound signs of endometrial hyperplasia. Of the comorbidities I have type 1 diabetes, hypothyroidism, pyelonephritis without exacerbation, thyroiditis, hypotension. Blood loss is presumably due to endometrial hyperplasia, menstruation is profuse, there is no bleeding between periods. Since August of this year, spotting began between menstruation, the gynecologist recommended Norkolut, which I took for 10 days. The spotting between periods has stopped, but since August the periods have become more abundant and longer by 2 days than before. At the moment, tolerable, but constant pain in the lower abdomen, which has been present for 4 months, general weakness. In addition, I had constipation for several months, followed a diet for 2 months, took maxilac, niaspam, forlax, which the therapist prescribed, the constipation disappeared, but the stomach at the level of the intestine sometimes hurts if I eat ordinary non-dietary food.

Hello, Daria. Performing an operation with low hemoglobin is an unjustified risk, and even in the presence of a mass of concomitant diseases that have one common cause - a violation of the neuroendocrine system.

Clarifying question November 29, 2016 Daria, St. Petersburg

I understand that scraping is a risk for me, since there is insufficient hemoglobin, at the same time, gynecologists indicate that bleeding can only be stopped by scraping, some say that this is a small procedure. The local therapist sees no contraindications for curettage with hemoglobin 104, the leading gynecologist is also not against the procedure. I'm confused. If the curettage is postponed for another 1-2 months, will it not be even worse for me, and will the hemoglobin "collected" by injections of ferrum lek fall during this period? Before the injections, I took oral medications to raise hemoglobin, but then it practically did not increase, it increased by 20 units in 2 weeks only on injections, which I continue to do now. But injections are also side effects, every day the pressure drops to 80/60, and if I switch to pills, then hemoglobin may decrease again.

Hello, hemoglobin will definitely fall, since endometrial hyperplasia is maintained, here is a vicious circle of low hemoglobin due to hyperplasia, it must be treated. Hemoglobin will not be higher, it is possible to go for curettage already with such hemoglobin

Clarifying question November 30, 2016 Daria, St. Petersburg

Tell me, in my case, with hemoglobin 104 and concomitant diseases, type 1 diabetes, hypothyroidism, pyelonephritis without exacerbation, thyroiditis, hypotension, is red blood cell transfusion indicated before curettage?

Hello, thank you for your question, there is no indication for RBC transfusions. Since you have anemia of mild severity, upon completion, curettage, control of the general blood test and then everything according to the situation.

Hemoglobin in the intestine

Iron is an important element of human metabolism, which takes part in hematopoiesis. Despite the fact that its absorption occurs in the intestines, the intestines and hemoglobin are rarely associated, which often makes it difficult to diagnose the cause of anemia.

Iron malabsorption

Low hemoglobin, as a result of impaired absorption of iron in the intestine, is a fairly common problem. To understand its etiology, you need to know exactly how this element is absorbed, and what is the relationship between the intestine and the level of hemoglobin.

The amount of ferum absorbed into the blood significantly exceeds the requirements of the body. Iron is delivered to the blood by enterocytes, so the rate of the process depends on the production of apoferritin by these cells. This substance captures the ferum molecule, binding it, preventing it from being released into the blood.

If the hemoglobin level is normal or above normal, apofferitin is produced by enterocytes in large quantities. Over time, these cells “fall off” from the intestinal walls, removing iron from the body naturally. If the hemoglobin level drops, the enterocytes practically do not produce a “trap” for iron and the blood is saturated with the necessary element.

If for some reason these processes fail, a person develops iron deficiency anemia. Malabsorption can be the result of many diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.

Causes of insufficiency of intestinal absorption

The problem of malabsorption in the intestine can occur due to the following diseases:

The cause of poor absorption of iron in the intestine may be a recent surgical intervention.

Dysbacteriosis

Dysbacteriosis is a state of the intestine, when its non-pathological microflora lends itself to qualitative or quantitative changes, and is accompanied by various disorders of the gastrointestinal tract.

The intestinal flora constantly maintains the normal course of metabolic processes in the body, bacteria are involved in biochemical and metabolic processes. They are an important part of the immune defense mechanisms. The microflora is formed by the natural physiological needs of the body, so a change in the number and types of microorganisms signals a malfunction.

Systemic pathologies, HIV infection and other diseases can provoke dysbacteriosis, which cause a persistent deterioration in human immunity when the body is not able to maintain the stability of the flora. Dysbacteriosis can occur after a course of antibiotic treatment. Usually the intestines recover on their own after therapy, but sometimes you need to drink pharmaceuticals to help speed up this process.

Problems with the digestion of certain foods due to enzyme deficiency is also a common cause of pathology, for example, with lactose deficiency, cereal intolerance, etc.

Enteritis

Inflammation of the small intestine (enteritis) is characterized by impaired functionality of the organ, which is caused by changes in the structure of the mucous membranes. An extraintestinal symptom of enteritis is malabsorption syndrome - a condition in which many elements that enter the intestine are unable to be absorbed in it.

If the pathology exists for a long time, hypovitaminosis or a lack of some trace elements develops, for example, iron deficiency anemia occurs.

Crohn's disease

Crohn's disease is an inflammatory process in the deep tissues of the entire gastrointestinal tract that begins in the ileum and spreads to the entire intestine. The differential diagnosis often does not distinguish between the initial stage of Crohn's disease and appendicitis, which is why the disease is diagnosed during surgery on the appendix.

Crohn's disease implies malabsorption of vitamins, minerals, which, with prolonged development of the disease, causes anemia, which is manifested by low hemoglobin.

Violation of peristalsis

Food is transported through the intestines through muscle and hormonal interactions. Food is divided into absorbed substances and waste products, which improves the flow of nutrients into the blood. When the motility of the organ is disturbed, discomfort and various complications occur. Increased peristalsis causes excessive fecal excretion, which is why useful substances, including iron, do not have time to be absorbed, which causes water-electrolyte imbalance, hypovitaminosis and anemia.

bowel cancer

Every patient who suffers from iron deficiency anemia after the age of 40 is susceptible to oncology of the digestive system. Very often, low hemoglobin is the only manifestation in colon cancer. In addition, lymph nodes may be enlarged. Therefore, if oncological formations are suspected, first of all, doctors do a general blood test to identify anemia, in case of diagnosing which an urgent consultation with a gastroenterologist is necessary. In men closer to 50 years, a low hemoglobin level may indicate a malignant neoplasm in the rectum.

Other reasons

Often, the level of hemoglobin drops with obvious or hidden bleeding, for example, with hemorrhoids, injuries, and operations. Autoimmune diseases, infectious lesions can become the cause of the problem. Hemoglobin levels may be below normal with peptic ulcer or gastritis.

In addition to the pathological causes of low hemoglobin levels, there are others that are associated with poor unbalanced nutrition.

Elevated hemoglobin due to bowel obstruction

Intestinal obstruction is characterized by a narrowing of the intestinal passage, as a result of which the transport of food is disturbed. Most often, complete blockage of the lumen does not occur, which can be cured by pharmaceutical means. Sometimes surgical treatment is necessary, for example, if tumors or lymph nodes in the intestine are enlarged and treatment does not help.

With intestinal obstruction, there is a violation of blood circulation, which can provoke acute vascular insufficiency. A blood test shows erythrocytosis, high hemoglobin, changes in white blood cells, etc.

Diagnosis and treatment

Diagnostic procedures begin with a complete blood count, which will show the level of red blood cells, hemoglobin in the blood and iron levels. Doctors determine the nature of anemia, after which other diagnostic procedures are carried out to identify the source of the problem. A specialist can perform ultrasound, retromanoscopy, radiography and other studies of the intestine if there is a suspicion that this organ is the source of anemia.

Treatment of anemia includes taking pharmaceuticals to raise the level of iron in the blood, dietary nutrition and therapy for the underlying disease.

How to increase hemoglobin after surgery?

After surgery on the intestines, doctors recommend

• drink a course of iron-containing vitamins (for example, "Totem"), sometimes injections are necessary;
• spend a lot of time outdoors;
• introduce foods rich in iron into the diet (apples, pomegranates, buckwheat, liver).

Good nutrition

You can increase hemoglobin with food. There are many iron-containing foods, they are rich in other useful substances, so they should be on the menu every day. The most useful meat in terms of increasing hemoglobin is beef, especially liver. However, chicken liver is also rich in iron.

Medical

There are many drugs to increase hemoglobin. They can be administered orally, intravenously or intramuscularly. Most often, iron preparations are prescribed, which you can drink on your own. The tablets contain ferrous iron, which is quickly absorbed in the body.

If the acidity of the stomach is lowered, ascorbic acid is prescribed in parallel. The most popular drugs: "Totem", "Ferretab", "Sorbifer Durules", "Darbepoetin", etc.

Folk remedies

Folk therapy is rich in recipes that favorably affect bowel function. Useful:

Reduced hemoglobin in adults: causes and consequences

Hemoglobin is a complex chemical compound of protein with the element iron, which is present in red blood cells. The function of hemoglobin in the human body is one of the most important - it is involved in the delivery of oxygen molecules to all tissues and organs of the body.

Oxygen is an element indispensable for the life of a living being; it takes part in the receipt and exchange of energy and in carrying out recovery reactions. The action of hemoglobin is based on the capture of oxygen in the lungs, carrying out further oxidation and transferring it to all body structures.

When hemoglobin is lowered, this means the onset of oxygen depletion of all body cells and weakening of the immune system. In order to prevent a decrease in hemoglobin in the blood below normal, you need to know what to do with a lack of iron in the body. Let's see in what cases the level of hemoglobin in the blood decreases, what are its norms in different people and in what ways to increase the lack of this substance at home.

Hemoglobin norm

The level of hemoglobin in the blood depends on the well-being and health of a person. If the hemoglobin levels are below normal, then we are talking about anemia, which is considered a rather formidable and dangerous disease.

The norm of hemoglobin in the blood depends on the gender of the person:

• In children, the hemoglobin content is normal, as in adults: before birth, HbA already begins to be synthesized, which, by the age of one, practically replaces the fetal hemoglobin that served the child during fetal development.
• In women, from 115 to 145 g / l (during pregnancy from 110 g / l);
• In men, from 130 to 160 g / l.

According to the volume of hemoglobin decrease, iron deficiency anemia can be of several degrees:

• mild (hemoglobin content from 110 g/l to 90 g/l);
• medium (hemoglobin content from 90 g/l to 70 g/l);
• severe (hemoglobin content less than 70 g/l).

There is also latent anemia (hidden). It is characterized by the normal presence of hemoglobin in erythrocytes against the background of a decrease in serum iron. At the same time, the symptoms of its decrease are manifested quite clearly. A similar condition is often inherent in women during pregnancy.

Symptoms of low hemoglobin

In addition to a blood test, which immediately reveals a lack of this important protein in the body, there are a number of symptoms: they can independently assume a low level of hemoglobin in the blood.

For men and women, these are:

• general weakness of the body, drowsiness;
• pale skin, sometimes it even seems “transparent”;
• bluish lips;
• the skin becomes dry and begins to peel off;
• in especially advanced cases, nails begin to break and hair fall out;
• for children, the main sign of a lack of hemoglobin is frequent illness.

While recognizing the symptoms of low hemoglobin in adults, you can successfully bring it back to normal without resorting to the help of doctors. But first, you need to know the reasons that reduce the content of this important element in the blood.

Causes of low hemoglobin

Why is hemoglobin lowered in adults, what does this mean? The body can lose hemoglobin for various reasons. This happens most quickly with blood loss - both explicit and hidden. Explicit bleeding occurs with heavy and prolonged menstruation in women (more than five days), hemorrhoids, various injuries, injuries or operations.

Poor nutrition with insufficient amounts of animal proteins, vitamins and trace elements leads to iron deficiency anemia. Often low hemoglobin occurs in people who promote vegetarianism or are on a diet for a long time. In childhood, anemia develops with an unbalanced or insufficient diet.

Latent bleeding is possible with some gastrointestinal diseases, pathologies of the female reproductive system (ovarian cyst, uterine fibroids, etc.). Autoimmune diseases, infections or hereditary diseases can lead to a decrease in hemoglobin and a short life of red blood cells.

Consequences

In adults, a decrease in the concentration of hemoglobin leads to the fact that the body does not receive the required amount of oxygen. The general condition of patients is disturbed and the above-described complaints appear.

1. The consequence of this may be a decrease in immunity and, as a result, an increase in the frequency of infectious diseases.
2. In most cases, there is a person's rapid fatigue and constant weakness.
3. Anemia can cause deformation in human epithelial tissues - the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract, oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract and the upper protective layers of the skin.
4. Often, anemia causes disorders of the nervous system: irritability, unreasonable mood swings appear, concentration of attention decreases.

In addition, with anemia, there may be such manifestations as cracked lips, severe muscle weakness, hair loss, brittle nails, and an addiction to special odors that other people find unpleasant.

Low hemoglobin during pregnancy

Reduced hemoglobin during pregnancy is a common occurrence for expectant mothers. A significant deviation from the norm can adversely affect the health of both mother and baby. This is fraught with the following complications:

• hypotension of the uterus (decrease in the contractility of its muscles);
• hypoxia (oxygen starvation of the fetus);
• delay, and even cessation of growth and development of the fetus;
• low birth weight;
• disturbances in the work of the respiratory and nervous systems.

In addition, many doctors are sure that a woman’s low hemoglobin during childbirth can negatively affect the health of the child in the future. Such children study poorly at school, often get sick, suffer from various pathologies of internal organs. Therefore, if during pregnancy it is below normal, treatment under the supervision of a doctor is essential.

How to increase hemoglobin?

What to do? In order to increase hemoglobin in the blood, just in case, you need to know the reason for its fall. You can use foods that increase hemoglobin (iron, B vitamins) as much as you like, but if they are not properly absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, then success may not be expected.

The main pathogenetic method of therapy is the intake of iron-containing drugs (Heferol, Ferroplex, Ferlatum and others). As a rule, oral forms are prescribed, but in severe cases, drugs are recommended to be administered parenterally. Treatment of patients prone to intestinal dysfunctions involves the parallel administration of enzyme and enveloping preparations.

With good tolerance of the prescribed drugs, they are used in maximum doses, followed by maintenance therapy with a decrease in dosage for several months. At the same time, the level of iron in erythrocytes and blood serum is necessarily monitored. If necessary, vitamin B12, B9 and ascorbic acid are also prescribed. In severe cases resort to transfusion of whole blood or red blood cells.

Iron supplements for low hemoglobin in adults

Drugs to increase hemoglobin are prescribed only by a doctor and, of course, under his strict control. This is due to the presence of side effects after taking medications, among which are: nausea, a feeling of irritability of the stomach, diarrhea, constipation and vomiting.

The following drugs that increase hemoglobin in the blood are very common and popular:

The course of treatment lasts from two weeks to three months. In this case, the visible result occurs after about 2-3 weeks of taking the medication. If there is no ascorbic acid in the composition, then it is necessary to additionally take vitamin C up to 0.3 g per day.

If low hemoglobin is detected and treatment with tablets is prohibited, it is forbidden to drink funds containing calcium at the same time, since they are antagonists. Therefore, it is impossible to drink iron with milk, which is greener than coffee.

Diet

Products that contribute to nutritional therapy for low hemoglobin include:

1. Varieties of red meat - rabbit, beef.
2. White meat chicken.
3. Beef tongue, beef liver.
4. Egg yolks.
5. Seafood, fish.
6. Legumes.
7. Buckwheat and other cereals.
8. Carrots, beets, dark green vegetables.
9. Walnuts.
10. Pomegranate, apples and berries are high in vitamin C.

In no case should you take such a diet with low hemoglobin too literally and switch to proteins alone - it is difficult for the body to absorb all this. Be sure to garnish the meat with vegetables and herbs, and eat wholemeal cereals for breakfast. As an addition to nutrition to increase hemoglobin, it can be advised to drink juices - grape, pomegranate, carrot, beetroot, apple.

At the same time, to improve the absorption of iron, the consumption of dairy products, fatty foods, flour products, green tea and coffee should be minimized.

Information carefully collected from the example of Jehovah's Witnesses who underwent surgery shows that comorbidities and expected during surgery determine the risk of postoperative complications, including fatal ones. The level of hemoglobin can only serve as a rough indicator of the adequacy of oxygenation, since the supply of oxygen depends on a number of factors, such as cardiac output, pulmonary gas exchange, circulating blood volume, blood viscosity, and hemoglobin affinity for oxygen. The question of the optimal hemoglobin level for surgical patients has undergone serious consideration. A panel of experts from the National Institutes of Health advises that a hemoglobin concentration of 100 g/L be considered safe.

Examination for anemia before surgery

The preoperative examination for anemia begins with a thorough history and physical examination. Individual or family history of anemia, bleeding, ethnicity, medications, alcohol use, exposure to toxins, recent illnesses, or relevant symptoms of these illnesses should be considered. Jaundice, skin and mucosal changes, adenopathy, organ enlargement, neurologic abnormalities, and occult blood loss in feces or urination should be noted.

Laboratory tests include a reticulocyte count, (a low number indicates inadequate hematopoiesis in the bone marrow, while a high number [indicative of excessive loss of red blood cells] suggests bleeding or hemolysis). If a low number of reticulocytes is detected, to determine the nature of anemia (micro-, normo- or macrocytic), it is necessary to determine the average volume of erythrocytes and perform a peripheral blood smear. Microcytic anemia almost always results from iron deficiency or thalassemia. Macrocytic anemia is often due to liver disease, vitamin B12 or folic acid deficiency, or primary bone marrow dysfunction. Normocytic anemia is usually associated with chronic inflammatory disease, infection, neoplasm, uremia, acute blood loss, or bone marrow suppression due to drug or radiation exposure. It is advisable to postpone the planned intervention until the completion of the examination and treatment of comorbidities in order to avoid complications associated with blood transfusion.

Treatment of anemia before surgery

In the case of reversible anemia, recovery may take several weeks, so for emergency surgery, a blood transfusion may be the only option. Patients with uncorrectable anemia may also require blood transfusion if urgent surgical treatment is needed. Situations in which blood transfusion is indicated and which do not require other indications for this procedure are referred to as absolute indications. Until the 1980s, surgical patients were considered optimally prepared if their hemoglobin and hematocrit levels remained above 100 g/l and 30%, respectively. Animal studies have indicated that oxygen delivery is best achieved at a hematocrit of 30%, and oxygen transport and patient survival rates are highest at a hematocrit of 30-40%. The risk of HIV infection during blood transfusion forced to reconsider the indications for blood transfusion. It was also found that in most situations, the transfusion was insufficiently justified. In addition, the risk of hepatitis infection during blood transfusion can reach 10%, since in most cases the disease proceeds without clinical manifestations. In 90% of cases, hepatitis C is associated with blood transfusion.

In high-risk patients, anemia (hematocrit less than 28%) may lead to the development of myocardial ischemia in connection with the operation. The results of the National VA Surgical Risk Study found that anemia is statistically significant in predicting mortality and morbidity in the postoperative period within 30 days after surgery and ranked third in importance after the level of albumin and ASA class. Consideration of transfusion should take into account the patient's individual risk factors and the type of operation being performed. Blood transfusion should be performed at least 24 hours before the planned operation, which allows normalization of the level of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate. Sickle cell anemia is associated with significant surgical mortality. In such patients, before surgery, it is recommended to carry out an exchange transfusion until the proportion of hemoglobin S drops below 30%, and preoperative oxygenation. When managing such patients, the development of acidosis, dehydration, hypothermia and infection should be avoided so as not to provoke a hemolytic crisis.

An increased risk of hemorrhagic complications associated with surgery is characteristic of patients with polycythemia vera. Such patients are recommended to undergo periodic phlebotomy for several months before elective surgical treatment and take myelosuppressive drugs to maintain a hematocrit below 52%. Patients with leukemia and a platelet count of less than 50,000 can be replenished with platelet transfusion just before surgery. If surgery is planned for patients with granulocytopenia (usually against the background of leukemia), then it should be prescribed for prophylactic purposes.

The article was prepared and edited by: surgeon

Anemia is a frequent companion of oncological diseases. It is diagnosed in 60% of people with cancer. This is caused by a number of reasons associated with disruption of the organs and systems of the body, blood loss and therapy.

Anemia aggravates the course of the disease, and therefore requires urgent and mandatory treatment. If hemoglobin is too low, chemotherapy can be interrupted or surgery can be postponed, which is very dangerous for cancer patients. Why does anemia develop, and how to raise hemoglobin in a cancer patient?

Causes of low hemoglobin in cancer patients

Identifying the causes of anemia in oncology is an extremely important step. A complex of factors can immediately lead to its development, so a complete examination of the body, including laboratory and instrumental methods, will be required.

Most often, a decrease in the level of hemoglobin in the blood in cancer patients is caused by:

• Chronic bleeding that may accompany the development of the disease and its treatment;
• Lack of appetite in the patient or vomiting, as a result of which the required amount of iron does not enter the body with food;
• Poor absorption of iron associated with disruption of the digestive tract;
• Violation of the process of hemoglobin synthesis caused by bone marrow metastases (it is in it that this protein is formed);
• Cancer intoxication of the body as a result of the collapse of the tumor in the last stages of the disease;
• Radiation therapy and chemotherapy, which suppress the processes of hematopoiesis, damage the bone marrow (repeated courses of treatment lead to the progression of anemia);
• The presence of anemia of chronic diseases, when a decrease in the level of hemoglobin is the response of the immune system to the development of a tumor.

Treatment of anemia is carried out taking into account the location of the cancerous tumor, the stage of the disease and the level of hemoglobin. The method of correcting anemia is selected according to the cause of its occurrence. Only in this case the therapy will be effective.

How to raise hemoglobin for a cancer patient

The tactics of treating anemia in oncology is largely determined by the localization of the tumor. For example, if the mechanisms of absorption of trace elements and vitamins in the gastrointestinal tract are disrupted, then taking iron-containing drugs orally will not bring the desired effect, as well as in violation of hematopoietic processes in the bone marrow. Therefore, how to raise hemoglobin for an oncological patient depends on which organ is damaged. Particular difficulties arise if this organ is somehow involved in the metabolic processes of iron.

How to raise hemoglobin in cancer of the stomach and other gastrointestinal organs

With damage to the organs of the gastrointestinal tract, iron and vitamins involved in its absorption and synthesis of hemoglobin are simply not absorbed, due to a violation in the work of these organs or due to the fact that the patient cannot eat normally. The situation is aggravated if internal bleeding is present.

Since it is almost impossible to raise hemoglobin if iron is not absorbed with tablets, intravenous administration of drugs is used, in severe cases - blood transfusion. Blood transfusion is an extreme measure, since in this case a large amount of protein breakdown products enters the body, which increases the load on the detoxification organs and the cardiovascular system. In case of pathologies of the circulatory system (acute heart failure, myocardial infarction, heart defects, thrombosis), transfusion is contraindicated.

Gastrointestinal cancer is characterized by a sharp drop in hemoglobin levels to low values ​​​​inherent in severe anemia (that is, below 70 g / l).

How to raise hemoglobin in bone marrow cancer

When the bone marrow is damaged, the process of hematopoiesis is disrupted. In this case, even iron absorbed from food and tablets will not help the synthesis of hemoglobin and red blood cells. Since it is impossible to raise hemoglobin in oncology with folk remedies and oral preparations in this situation, blood transfusion is indicated. It is better if red blood cells are used, then a smaller volume of transfusion fluid will be required and the risk of non-hemolytic transfusion reactions will decrease. The latter are nothing more than an immune response to foreign blood components (leukocytes, platelets, proteins). To stimulate the process of hematopoiesis, erythropoietin preparations are administered.

How to raise hemoglobin in oncological diseases in the last stages

The development of a tumor leads to a reduction in the life of erythrocytes, so the body needs an increased intake of iron and vitamins, stimulation of hematopoiesis and maintaining a normal blood composition. This can be achieved only through complex therapy, since raising hemoglobin in stage 4 cancer is a difficult task, due to the presence of several factors at once that reduce the absorption of iron, shorten the life of red blood cells and inhibit the function of hematopoiesis.

If the digestive tract organs are working normally, iron preparations are prescribed in tablets. As a rule, in the last stages of cancer, red blood cell transfusions are performed only with a life-threatening decrease in hemoglobin levels. The patient spends most of his time outside the hospital, so it remains to use iron preparations and help the body with vitamins so that at least some of it is absorbed.

How to raise hemoglobin during chemotherapy

The most commonly used treatments for cancer are chemotherapy and radiation therapy. These procedures inhibit the process of hematopoiesis. Therefore, a mild degree of anemia is typical for 100% of patients undergoing such treatment. 80% have moderate and severe degree.

At the same time, a relationship was established between the level of hemoglobin and the effectiveness of treatment. In patients with anemia, the positive dynamics from chemotherapy was 57%, while in patients with a normal hemoglobin index, the effectiveness of treatment was found in 70% of cases. Therefore, the development of anemia in oncology is important to prevent, and if present, to cure as soon as possible. With a critical decrease in the number of red blood cells, therapy is interrupted until the indicator returns to normal.

How can hemoglobin be raised during chemotherapy? Conventional preparations based on inorganic iron at this time are most often contraindicated due to the mass of side effects that worsen the patient's condition. In addition, iron in this form forms free radicals during decay, which are provocateurs of the development of cancer.

An alternative to these drugs can be a biologically active food supplement Hemobin. It is made from heme iron. It is absorbed in the body, almost 100%, while free radicals are not formed, which means that there is no negative effect on the body.

Another way to raise hemoglobin after chemotherapy is to take hematopoietic stimulants (erythropoiesis). But it is important to know that they can cause a lot of side effects, which in some cases exceed the risk of death of the patient from the underlying disease. In particular, stimulants increase the risk of thrombosis by increasing the number of platelets. Some experts argue that the use of these drugs after a course of chemotherapy provokes tumor growth, therefore, it is recommended to cancel them immediately after the treatment is completed, and choose another way to raise hemoglobin after chemotherapy.

In cases where therapy has led to a strong drop in hemoglobin, it is necessary to increase it in a short time. How to raise hemoglobin dramatically:

• The introduction of iron preparations intravenously;
• Blood transfusion;
• RBC transfusion.

After courses of chemotherapy, not only the number of erythrocytes, but also leukocytes falls. Therefore, the next step in treatment is the restoration of normal blood composition. How can hemoglobin and leukocytes be raised after chemotherapy? To avoid acute immunodeficiency due to a lack of leukocytes, drug treatment is prescribed, special drugs with leukopoietic action and diet therapy. It is recommended to eat fish, beef, buckwheat, fruits, vegetables and red berries. Some of the iron can also be obtained from these products. But without iron-containing drugs, it is impossible to raise hemoglobin to normal.

How to raise hemoglobin during chemotherapy, are there other ways? Traditional methods are not effective for the treatment of anemia. The absorption of iron from food, even in concentrated form, does not exceed 5-30%. Since it is not possible to raise hemoglobin after chemotherapy with folk remedies, it is recommended to use a safe iron preparation made on the basis of animal hemoglobin - Hemobin.

How to raise hemoglobin before and after surgery

Surgery almost always leads to a drop in hemoglobin levels, this is due to the following reasons:

1. Blood loss. The lack of blood volume is compensated by plasma, because of this, the concentration of red blood cells decreases.
2. General anesthesia. Its influence is not so great, but the inhibitory effect of anesthesia affects the work of all organs and systems of the body, including the hematopoietic system.
3. operations of the gastrointestinal tract. Interventions on the stomach and intestines lead to disruption of the natural mechanisms of absorption of vitamins and trace elements.

Before the operation, the patient must take blood for analysis. If the hemoglobin level is below the acceptable value, the operation will be postponed. Anemia increases the risk of a poor surgical outcome by 40%. If the operation needs to be done urgently, then hemoglobin is increased by blood transfusion.

Before a planned operation, it is recommended to take a course of taking iron supplements. It is important to choose a safe medicine, since the body is weakened by the underlying disease, and additional burdens from the side effects of inorganic iron can significantly affect overall well-being. In this case, Hemobin is suitable, it does not irritate the mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract and is well absorbed. You need to take it 3 times a day, 4 tablets. The duration of the course depends on the degree of anemia.

How to raise hemoglobin after surgery:

• Iron preparations;
• Vitamin B12 injections;
• folic acid;
• Blood transfusion (with large blood loss during the operation).

How else to raise hemoglobin after surgery? As an additional treatment, you can use diet therapy and take vitamin complexes. In the postoperative period, it is necessary to regularly monitor hemoglobin levels.

What kind of recovery will be prescribed after the operation also depends on which organ the intervention was performed on.

How to raise hemoglobin after surgery with an oncological diagnosis: with large blood loss - blood transfusion; with minor - iron preparations.

How to raise hemoglobin after removal of the gallbladder: a common complication during this operation is blood loss, sometimes a red blood cell transfusion is required, if the intervention went without complications, iron preparations are prescribed.

How to raise hemoglobin after cesarean section: a decrease in hemoglobin in this case is most often associated with blood loss and general stress for the body, so there can be only one way out - taking iron supplements. Diet therapy will not bring the desired results, and bringing hemoglobin back to normal is simply necessary for a young mother, anemia during lactation can lead to the development of anemia in a baby.

Many patients, worried that the operation will be canceled due to anemia, ask "how to raise hemoglobin in three days?" or “how to raise hemoglobin before donating blood?”. Attempts to independently quickly increase the rate to normal will only harm the body. Firstly, large doses of iron negatively affect the gastrointestinal tract, and secondly, the doctor must be aware of the real state of the patient's health.

Oncologist's advice on how to raise hemoglobin: “It is best to regularly monitor the level of hemoglobin, and eat a balanced diet, but if anemia has already occurred, then you should take iron supplements at the dose recommended by the specialist. Heme iron from the Hemobin preparation is well absorbed, it can quickly raise hemoglobin to normal and the operation will take place as planned. Therefore, my answer to the question “how to raise hemoglobin before a blood test” is without harm to the body.”

How to raise hemoglobin in other diseases

Low hemoglobin is a frequent companion of many diseases. According to some experts, anemia is not a separate disease, but a symptomatic manifestation of another disease. With different pathologies, the treatment of anemia has its own characteristics.

Pathology	What causes a decrease in hemoglobin	Treatment tactics
How to raise hemoglobin in a premature baby	In babies born prematurely, the natural depletion of iron stores accumulated in the womb occurs already by the 4th month of life	Just taking iron supplements. To give the baby Hemobin tablets, they need to be crushed and mixed with milk. The drug has been tested with the participation of children, no cases of intolerance have been identified
How to raise hemoglobin with urticaria	Urticaria can occur as a result of taking inorganic iron supplements	Treatment with heme iron preparations (Hemobin), they do not irritate mucous membranes and have no side effects
How to raise hemoglobin in pancreatitis	In this case, anemia is a complication caused by bleeding, loss of appetite and disruption of the gastrointestinal tract.	Iron preparations in combination with diet therapy
With duodenitis, low hemoglobin can be raised	With inflammation of the duodenal mucosa, taking inorganic iron preparations can be harmful and provoke an exacerbation	Iron preparations in heme form, which are absorbed by almost 100% and do not form dangerous free radicals
How to raise hemoglobin in urolithiasis	Kidney disease can disrupt hematopoietic processes, as the adrenal glands produce a physiological stimulant of erythropoiesis	Iron preparations. Vitamin B12, folic acid. In severe cases, the introduction of exogenous erythropoietin
How to raise hemoglobin with gastritis	With this disease, the processes of absorption of iron and vitamins from food are disturbed, iron deficiency develops.	Iron preparations with a high percentage of assimilation, for example, Hemobin, iron from it is absorbed by almost 100%, vitamin complexes to compensate for the lack of vitamins involved in hemoglobin synthesis and iron absorption
How to raise hemoglobin with a stomach ulcer	In this case, chronic bleeding is complemented by malabsorption.	How to raise hemoglobin in an ulcer: first eliminate bleeding, then take heme iron preparations (Hemobin), due to a violation of the absorption process, the dosage should be increased
How to raise hemoglobin with uterine myoma	A complication of this disease is bleeding, as a result of which anemia is formed.	Treatment of bleeding. Taking iron-containing drugs and vitamin complexes
How to raise hemoglobin in diabetes	The kidneys suffer from diabetes mellitus, their work is disrupted, and a hematopoietic stimulator is poorly produced.	In emergency cases, the introduction of erythropoietin. In the normal state of the body - taking iron supplements, diet therapy

With a decrease in the level of iron in the body, many symptoms appear, so a completely natural question arises as to why low hemoglobin is dangerous.

Anemia or anemia occurs due to impaired gas exchange. This leads to a constant oxygen deficiency in the cells and tissues of the body.

There is weakness, fatigue, dizziness, drowsiness, even loss of consciousness. It is important to clearly understand what this can lead to in the worst cases and take the necessary preventive measures in time.

Hemoglobin performs the most important function of transporting oxygen to the tissues and cells of the body. It is an iron-containing protein that is part of red blood cells.

Thanks to this protein, the tone increases, the body's metabolism is activated, and immunity is strengthened.

Normally, in men, one liter of blood contains 130-160 grams of hemoglobin, in women these figures are 10-15 grams less, and in pregnant women, these figures are even lower due to the intensive consumption of iron.

At the same time, up to 18 years of age, the norms of hemoglobin in the blood practically do not differ.

A decrease in the level of iron-containing protein is dangerous for all organs and systems of the body.

At the same time, iron deficiency first manifests itself in general weakness, and in the later stages, oxygen starvation of the internal organs and the brain may appear.

This threatens with severe irreversible consequences for the health of the body and human life.

With the appearance of general weakness, drowsiness, fatigue of a person, one can suspect the development of any pathology.

A low level of hemoglobin can accompany the following pathological conditions of the human body:

• blood loss;
• chronic diseases of the stomach;
• dysbacteriosis or inflammatory processes in the intestine;
• oncology;
• chronic iron deficiency anemia;
• immune diseases;
• infectious diseases;
• blood diseases.

For most people, however, problems with hemoglobin are associated with a lack of iron in the body.

The most common causes of hemoglobin loss in the blood are malnutrition, blood loss.

In this case, bleeding can be both hidden and obvious.

Injuries, surgeries, heavy periods and hemorrhoids are visible to the naked eye. Such situations require immediate measures to normalize the level of hemoglobin in the body.

Regular donors who donate blood on an ongoing basis also require special attention.

Internal bleeding often accompanies pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract, women's diseases, immune, infectious diseases.

Improper nutrition often leads to anemia if the diet is too low in iron, B vitamins, and certain other trace elements.

Sometimes, in addition to changing the diet, drugs are taken to solve hemoglobin problems that increase iron levels.

Risks from lowering iron-containing protein

Due to female physiological changes, such as pregnancy, menstruation, menopause, their body loses iron.

In addition, hormonal surges and physical activity significantly increase the body's need for hemoglobin, which supplies oxygen to the cells of the body.

Accordingly, adolescent girls, pregnant women and women over 45 experience the greatest need for oxygen.

The danger of a lack of hemoglobin depends on the severity and neglect of this problem of the body.

For example, at the initial stage of anemia, it is enough to adjust your diet to correct the situation.

If the hemoglobin level is too low for a long time, then medical intervention will be needed, a long-term restoration of the affected internal organs and body systems.

In advanced cases, there is even a risk of death. Thus, each person needs to be attentive to the health of his body, not to start the disease, taking adequate measures in time to correct the situation.

There are three main causes of anemia:

• insufficient intake of vitamin B12 and folic acid;
• iron deficiency in the body;
• excessive destruction of red blood cells.

Caused by various reasons, low hemoglobin threatens the female body in different ways.

From a very early age, with group B vitamin deficiencies, there is often a lag in the development and growth of the girl's body.

Adolescence may be accompanied by fainting, poor health, increased pallor, weakness.

Against this background, coordination is disturbed, spasms of the limbs appear. The skin becomes dry, cracked, especially in the area of ​​the hands and knees.

Due to insufficient oxygen supply of the digestive tract, pains in the stomach, larynx appear when swallowing, internal ulcers of the stomach and intestines occur.

During pregnancy, a low level of hemoglobin disrupts its flow, and sometimes leads to premature birth, impaired development of the child.

Due to the lack of iron in the body of women, there is a significant decrease in immunity, which leads to an increase in morbidity.

A feeling of constant weakness, frequent overwork, a state of irritability, shortness of breath, neurological disorders, delamination of nails, hair loss - all these are the most common external manifestations with a decrease in hemoglobin.

With hemolytic anemia, signs of jaundice, gallstone disease, and pain in the back and abdomen may worsen.

Gradually, heart failure develops, often the condition is aggravated by fainting, fever.

The body ceases to resist diseases. The liver and spleen increase in size, begin to wear out faster.

What threatens low hemoglobin can be considered on the example of the functions of the heart and the immune system.

Due to the lack of oxygen, the heart begins to work with an increased load, heart failure occurs. There is a danger of death at any moment.

A decrease in immunity makes the body defenseless against many infectious diseases, which, with low hemoglobin, occur with complications.

Of particular danger is the reduction of iron-containing protein within the blood composition for pregnant women and may affect the development of the fetus.

Oxygen starvation significantly increases the risks. In this case, it is better to focus on dietary nutrition and consult a hematologist.

Treatment for low hemoglobin

To replenish iron inside the body and increase the level of hemoglobin in the blood, it is necessary to combine the intake of B vitamins (B1, B6, B9, B12), C, and PP12 with good nutrition.

Correction of most cases in this case requires only the right diet.

The best effective diet for low hemoglobin should include a lot of meat products. Red meat of veal and beef is especially rich in iron.

Among these products, beef liver and kidneys can be distinguished, since they contain ferrous iron, which is perfectly absorbed by the body.

Representatives of legumes, especially peas and beans, can quite effectively increase the level of hemoglobin.

Among fresh fruits, apples, pears, apricots, persimmons, and plums are especially useful for iron deficiency.

Useful berries for anemia are the fruits of black currant, dogwood, raspberry, watermelon, pomegranate. At the same time, pomegranate is best consumed in the form of fresh juice with a low level of hemoglobin daily.

Raisins, dried apricots, lemon, honey, dark chocolate are useful supplements in the right diet for iron deficiency.

Along with the need to include healthy foods in the diet with low hemoglobin, certain foods should be avoided. For example, the habit of constantly drinking coffee and tea is highly undesirable for anemia.

In case of problems with blood, it is advisable to replace coffee with cocoa without milk, and tea with hawthorn broth, which contains a maximum of ascorbic acid. Such measures will significantly increase the reduced hemoglobin in red blood cells.

It is advisable to consume dairy products separately, since they bind iron and prevent it from being effectively absorbed by the body.

On the other hand, calcium is necessary, so it is absorbed very quickly. If dairy products are consumed separately from the intake of iron-containing products, then the effect will be quite normal.

Nutritional supplements can often raise low hemoglobin in the body, among which the most popular are Hematogen and Brewer's Yeast.

Thus, to normalize the level of hemoglobin, there are many effective methods, but only a doctor will be able to choose the most optimal combination of them, taking into account the individual characteristics of the organism and the human situation.

One of the important indicators of clinical tests in people with oncology, which doctors pay close attention to, is the dynamics of hemoglobin levels in the blood. Cancer patients regularly donate blood for research in order to track the effectiveness of treatment and to adjust indicators. What kind of hemoglobin happens in cancer, and what causes it to fall? What methods and procedures, in addition to drug treatment, can contribute to its increase? How to raise hemoglobin after chemotherapy? Such questions are often asked to doctors by patients and people interested in the speedy recovery of relatives or friends.

How do indicators change with the development of oncological diseases?

The main function of hemoglobin, a protein found in red blood cells, is the delivery of oxygen from the lungs to other organs and tissues of the body, transportation for the removal of carbon dioxide. A decrease in hemoglobin level is diagnosed in more than half of patients with the development of a cancerous tumor. This condition is called anemia, in simple speech - anemia.

Hemoglobin values ​​in a healthy person are within 140 units in men, 120 in women. A fluctuation of several units above or below the norm does not affect the state of health.

In people susceptible to cancer, its content begins to drop significantly and remains stably low, especially with the development of cancer in the last stages. This condition is accompanied by weakness, chest pain, shortness of breath, the patient develops dizziness, pale skin, increased heart rate. When the indicator falls, there is a decrease in immunity, a depressed state or increased nervousness.

When cancer develops, the amount of iron decreases, which makes it more difficult to cope with the disease.

Why does hemoglobin in the blood fall in oncology?

There are several factors that cause low hemoglobin levels in the development of oncology. It is important to establish the reason for the drop in this indicator in each case. This is necessary to improve the patient's condition, to prevent further deterioration of his health.

The reason for the decrease in hemoglobin in cancer is associated with bleeding, often of a chronic nature. Oncology is accompanied by such a process in many cases, its occurrence is provoked due to the progression of the disease, often occurs as a side effect of treatment. Other, common reasons contributing to the decrease in the indicator have been identified:

• disorders of the stomach and intestines, which are the cause of poor absorption of iron;
• bone marrow metastasis makes it impossible to synthesize hemoglobin, which in a healthy person is formed in this organ;
• the impossibility of a full meal, providing the need for iron, due to frequent urge to vomit;
• the use of treatment methods (chemotherapy, radiation therapy), the side effect of which is a decrease in hematopoiesis, changes in the bone marrow;
• persistent intoxication of the patient's body due to the fact that the cancerous tumor grows, develops, then disintegrates in the last stages of the disease.

Why does hemoglobin fall in cancer patients? The answer to this question depends on several factors. If hemoglobin continues to decrease, its indicator remains so for a long time, it is required to determine the cause.

Treatment is prescribed by the doctor individually in each case, it takes into account the stage of the disease, the shape and location of the tumor, and other factors.

Useful products for oncology that help maintain hemoglobin levels

Why is it necessary to increase hemoglobin?

A decrease in hemoglobin can worsen the state of health, cause a decrease in life expectancy. The reasons for the decrease in hemoglobin in oncology can be of a different nature, which must be determined for further therapy, and other important indicators of the patient's condition must be taken into account.

A person with oncology, depending on the type of disease and its stage, experiences severe physical pain, weakness, and is in an unfavorable psycho-emotional state. If at the same time the patient has a decrease in hemoglobin, the general indicators of his health worsen. Increased fatigue, loss of strength are steadily observed and the incentive to fight the disease disappears, vitality decreases. The cancerous tumor begins to progress and grow. This is due to the low level of oxygen, for which hemoglobin is “responsible”.

Diagnosing low hemoglobin with a blood test

Ways to increase hemoglobin in oncology

There are two ways to raise hemoglobin for a cancer patient - the drug method and the use of a special diet that includes the use of a set of foods high in iron. How to increase hemoglobin in oncology, which method to choose, the doctor decides. Treatment is prescribed after studying the disease - the localization of the cancerous tumor, the degree of development, the presence of other diseases that can negatively affect hemoglobin levels.

To increase hemoglobin, medical manipulations are used:

• introduction of hemoglobin into the blood by the method of transfusion of erythrocyte mass;
• the use of injections or oral preparations containing iron;
• stimulation of the bone marrow to increased production of red blood cells, hemoglobin by administering erythropoietin.

At the first stage of the development of oncological disease, it is possible to increase the hemoglobin level due to the nutrition recommended for this category of patients. The later stages of cancer require a combination of an iron-rich menu and medications. Food will not help with some types of cancer. For example: the level of hemoglobin in cancer of the esophagus, stomach or intestines is difficult, and sometimes impossible, to change with a special diet due to physiological changes in the patient's body that prevent the normal process of digestion and processing of food.

Hemoglobin level and chemotherapy

For the treatment of oncological diseases, aggressive methods of treatment are often used - chemotherapy, radiation therapy. At the beginning of their use, patients develop mild anemia, which then proceeds in a more complex, sometimes chronic form. For many patients who have undergone such procedures and are waiting for them to begin, the question arises: in what case and in what way can hemoglobin be increased after chemotherapy for cancer patients?

Tracking medical statistics allows us to conclude that patients whose hemoglobin levels were normal before chemotherapy received a more effective result from its implementation than those suffering from anemia.

Therefore, elevated hemoglobin during the development of oncology is a good prerequisite for the patient's recovery, with a high level of it, the chances of recovery increase.

Only a doctor can advise a way to raise hemoglobin in the blood after chemotherapy. Preparations containing iron, other procedures during this period are dangerous due to the side effects that they have on the patient's body, cause cancer in some cases, they should be taken with caution.

Chemotherapy inhibits all vital processes of the body, which is reflected in the level of hemoglobin

It is necessary to do chemotherapy for cancer patients in most cases. Indicators of reduced hemoglobin are the basis for the use of treatment methods:

• the introduction of iron-containing drugs intravenously;
• with the help of blood transfusion - the method helps to quickly raise the level of hemoglobin;
• a method of restoring the oxygen transport function of the blood by transfusion of erythrocyte mass.

Hemoglobin decreases during chemotherapy in conjunction with other blood changes. In order to avoid dangerous complications, it is required to normalize its composition, bring the indicators in line with the norm. It is possible to achieve such goals with the help of iron-containing medicines, which take a long time to take. Using a diet based on buckwheat, fish, liver, beef, red vegetables and fruits will improve blood counts.

High hemoglobin after chemotherapy in a cancer patient indicates the restoration of hematopoietic functions in the bone marrow, its increase during treatment indicates favorable prognosis for recovery.

How to improve the performance in the blood test for an oncology patient before surgery?

Surgical intervention in the treatment of oncology is carried out in most cases. This method requires a lot of preparation and close attention, therapeutic treatment after the implementation. The patient loses a significant amount of blood, the deficiency is restored with the help of plasma transfusion, which "dilutes" the blood, it contains less than the norm of red blood cells, hemoglobin. How to raise hemoglobin in oncology before surgery and prevent its decline after the intervention, what to take for this?

Often, cancer patients require a surgical method of treatment urgently; it is not possible to postpone the procedure. A blood transfusion procedure will help to quickly increase hemoglobin.

Long-term use is necessary in the treatment of iron preparations. A positive effect on the patient's body before and after surgery has the appointment of folic acid, vitamin B12 injections, vitamin complexes, they should be taken in accordance with the recommendations of the attending physician. Prescribed drugs may have side effects, regular monitoring of treatment results is required. Stop taking medicines immediately if dangerous effects appear.

Eating foods high in iron is a necessary condition, which is required before the operation, during the recovery period after the operation. Such food raises hemoglobin, increases the vitality of the operated person.

Top Iron Fortified Foods

Therapeutic procedures at home

After the medical procedures necessary for the fight against oncology in a hospital, the patient must continue the treatment on his own with the constant supervision of specialists. How to raise hemoglobin at home? Traditional medicine, proper nutrition, lifestyle changes can be ways to increase hemoglobin levels.

Effective remedies were made by our ancestors. The recipes use ingredients that raise hemoglobin, conditionally normalizing blood composition: oats, barley, walnut kernels, rose hips, flax seeds. Cranberry and lingonberry fruit drinks are popular "among the people" - they are a good prophylactic for anemia.

As part of the food, buckwheat, liver, dairy products, meat and fish, natural honey are needed. Vegetable juices from carrots, beets, apple, pomegranate juice - with their help, the process of hematopoiesis increases. The consumption of fatty foods, coffee is associated with a drop in indicators - it is unambiguous to refuse these products.

Increasing levels of iron will be observed with an active lifestyle. Hiking in the fresh air, especially in a park or forest with coniferous trees, will saturate the blood with oxygen and improve well-being. Be careful with physical activity, even if it requires little effort.