It is generally accepted that a person with a runny nose and cough can transmit the disease to others. Yes, when it comes to influenza or SARS, the likelihood of infection is quite high. But is the common cold contagious? Does the sick person need to be in isolation for a while, or can you safely contact people?

Degree of infectivity

In the classical interpretation, a cold is a disease caused by the cooling of the body. That is, a person froze, and later he developed a malaise, a runny nose, a sore throat, possibly a temperature. The reason for this condition is a decrease in immunity and activation of its own conditionally pathogenic microflora. Which, by the way, is available to absolutely everyone.

Is a patient with a cold dangerous to others? No, unless the immune system of these people is weakened or they are not at risk.

Another question is that among the people, any ailment that occurs with a runny nose, fever and cough is called intelligently - a cold. SARS, tonsillitis, herpes infection, even influenza often fall into this category. All of these diseases have a specific pathogen, not conditionally pathogenic, but quite contagious. Some ailments are transmitted faster, and the immune system is practically powerless in front of them. For example, the flu. Others cling only to weakened people.

In general, if you delve into the topic of contagiousness, then every person is such. Scientists say that the body of an adult inhabits about 100 trillion single-celled. More than half of them are pathogenic. However, under normal conditions, they do not harm us. Moreover, without bacteria, human existence is impossible in principle.

The duration of the infectious period

Even taking into account the fact that a person is only relatively contagious with a cold, he can transmit the disease only at first, when there is an intense secretion of mucus, a cough is observed. On days 2–7, immunity suppresses the activity of pathogenic microorganisms. That is, after the disappearance of acute symptoms, a cold ceases to be contagious.

Residual effects do not pose a threat. The patient can blow his nose for a long time in the morning, cough up to 5 times a day. In this way, the mucous membranes are renewed, dead cells that were previously infected and destroyed by immune forces are removed from the body.

At the same time, we must not forget that a common cold can develop into SARS, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, and other respiratory diseases. An infection easily clings to a weakened person. In this case, the infectious period increases. According to the table of Dr. Komarovsky, SARS: rhinoviruses, influenza, parainfluenza, parapertussis, adenoviruses, reoviruses, respiratory syncytial viruses can be transmitted. There are the following patterns of the course of the considered respiratory diseases:

• incubation period from several hours to 15 days - the patient is not contagious;
• the incubation period for 1-2 days before the first complaints is contagious;
• time of illness (up to 10 days) - contagious;
• after the disappearance of complaints (up to 3 weeks, more than 50 days - depending on the pathogen) - an infectious period.

The most dangerous cold disease is 1-2 days before the onset of symptoms and a few days after. During this period of time, the virulence of viruses is as high as possible.

Risk group

As noted above, a cold clings to weakened people. The following categories of the population are at risk.

1. Pregnant women. Hormonal changes, changes in the body associated with the development of the fetus, entail a weakening of the immune system. The most dangerous in terms of infection is the first trimester.

2. Newborns and infants up to 6 months. The most vulnerable group, which lacks its own immunity. Protection against bacteria and viruses is provided mainly by maternal antibodies that enter the baby through milk.

3. Children under 5 years old. Until about this age, immunity is intensively formed in babies, which helps to resist pathogens.

4. Persons with serious chronic diseases of the cardiovascular system, lungs, kidneys, other systems and organs. Any significant deviations in the work of the body negatively affect the immune system and increase the risk of infection.

5. Elderly over 60 years old. As a rule, at this age a person already has chronic diseases. For this reason, diseases cling more easily, proceed more severely than in youth.

6. People with weakened immune systems. Any recent illness, poor nutrition, stress can lead to a decrease in protective forces. Violation of the immune status is caused by chronic hepatitis, HIV infection, autoimmune diseases, malignant neoplasms. In addition, there is a congenital primary immunodeficiency syndrome due to genetic abnormalities.

How to distinguish a cold from the flu, SARS

Colds are the result of exposure to cold. That is, the first reason to suspect this pathological condition is an external factor stressful for the body. It can occur from hypothermia, drafts, drinking cold drinks, less often from overheating. In this case, the symptoms will be mild. The common cold occurs without fever or with a slight increase, weakness, lethargy, runny nose, sore throat, cough.

What symptoms refute the diagnosis of "cold":

• a sharp onset of the disease, without freezing or other stress factors;
• high body temperature;
• severe nasal congestion, copious or purulent rhinorrhea (runny nose);
• the presence of rashes on the body, mucous membranes of the throat, mouth;
• dry, hacking cough;
• chest pain;
• diarrhea, vomiting.

Precautionary measures

Prevention of colds is of great importance, especially in the autumn-spring season. To prevent infection of loved ones, as well as not to get sick yourself, you should follow the standard rules.

1. Observe personal hygiene. Hands should be washed with antibacterial soap. In addition, you should try not to bring them to your nose or mouth.

2. Wear a gauze bandage in close contact with other people (for those who are sick).

3. Eat right, eat seasonal vegetables and fruits every day.

4. There are onions, garlic - they kill pathogenic microflora, stimulate blood circulation and increase immunity.

5. Upon arrival from the street, immediately change into home clothes.

6. Regularly change bed linen, ventilate the room and carry out wet cleaning.

7. At the risk of infection, as well as the sick person, it is worthwhile to carry out hygiene of the nasal cavity several times a day - irrigate the mucous membrane with aerosols with sea water or do rinsing with saline.

8. Observe the regime of sleep and rest, exclude experiences. Stressful situations and chronic fatigue have an extremely negative effect on the immune system.

9. Harden, dress according to the weather, be physically active.

It is impossible to say exactly how many days a cold is contagious. If the disease is caused by viruses, then it can be transmitted before the appearance of the first complaints and after complete recovery. A disease caused by one's own opportunistic microflora against the background of a weakened body is usually not contagious. The exception is those cases when a person from a risk group is in contact with the patient.

A person has instincts, and one of them is a subconscious desire to stay away from a sneezing and coughing person. And this is no accident, a viral infection is very rapidly transmitted through our respiratory organs.

The source of infection is most often a sick person. There is a huge amount of viruses and bacteria around him in the airspace, which the patient himself spreads through coughing and sneezing.

Viruses have the property of moving quickly through the air, especially when they are on small particles of sputum that a sick person secretes.

How does SARS get infected?

• Through the respiratory organs
• From the patient through physical contact (handshake or kiss)
• Through objects and things with which the patient had contact (linen, dishes, doorknobs, etc.)
• Through food from the table at which the patient was sitting, this food can become a source of SARS.
• Animals can be carriers

Infection with SARS will not always be, it all depends on how strong a person's immunity is. If it is weakened, then the likelihood of catching an infection will be high.

In autumn, during stress, with a lack of vitamin, human immunity weakens, so it is so important to strengthen it. The drug is completely natural and allows you to recover from colds in a short time.

It has expectorant and bactericidal properties. Strengthens the protective functions of the immune system, perfect as a prophylactic. I recommend.

The pathogenesis of the disease in the incubation period

The gateway through which the infection enters the human body is the upper respiratory tract.

Viruses attach to epithelial cells, then penetrate into the cytoplasm, which leads to destructive changes in the cell and inflammation of the nasopharyngeal mucosa.

A person infected with a virus begins to feel pain in the nose, sore throat. By the symptoms listed below, it can be understood that a person is already infected and is a carrier of the infection.

The first stage of infection manifests itself as:

• Cut in the nose
• Sore throat
• Runny nose
• Dry cough
• Edema of the mucous membrane of the nasopharynx

At the second stage of infection, the virus enters the bloodstream and then, with the assistance of the circulatory system, spreads throughout the body.

In addition to the manifestations of the first stage, the following symptoms begin:

• Lethargy and weakness
• Headaches
• Pain in the lower back of a pulling nature
• Pain in the limbs
• Temperature rise

The length of the incubation period may vary. For example, with influenza, it can last several hours, and with parainfluenza, several days.

Take care of your health! Strengthen your immunity!

Immunity is a natural reaction that protects our body from bacteria, viruses, etc. To increase tone, it is better to use natural adaptogens.

It is very important to support and strengthen the body not only with the absence of stress, good sleep, nutrition and vitamins, but also with the help of natural herbal remedies.

It has the following properties:

• In 2 days, it kills viruses and eliminates the secondary signs of influenza and SARS
• 24 hours of immunity protection during the infectious period and during epidemics
• Kills putrefactive bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract
• The composition of the drug includes 18 herbs and 6 vitamins, extracts and plant concentrates
• Removes toxins from the body, reducing the period of rehabilitation after illness

Features of the incubation period of influenza in children

The incubation period for influenza depends on the number of viral particles that enter the body as a result of infection. The more of them, the shorter the duration.

So in children, the immune system is weaker than in adults and the incubation period is faster.

It can last only one day, sometimes two, it depends on the strength of the immune system, the specific child, it also depends on how old he is.

Stories from our readers!
“After pneumonia, I drink to maintain immunity. Especially in the autumn-winter periods, during epidemics of influenza and colds.

Drops are completely natural and not only from herbs, but also with propolis and badger fat, which have long been known as good folk remedies. It performs its main function perfectly, I advise. "

The number of days during which a patient with SARS will be contagious

A person who catches the virus becomes contagious a day before he feels the first symptoms, experts say. Accordingly, if the signs of the disease appeared three days after the viruses entered the body, then the patient can become infectious at the end of the second day after contact with the patient.

If a person feels symptoms a day or two after talking with the carrier of the infection, then he becomes a carrier and distributor of the virus in a few hours.

For safety, prevention is best to start from the very moment of possible infection. There is no need to wait for the potential patient to show symptoms of the disease, because by that time he may already infect his work colleagues or loved ones.

As long as the patient has a high temperature (usually three to five days), he is a distributor of viruses

Influenza, which also refers to respiratory infections, is transmitted in the same way as any ARVI virus, but a person usually gets sick with it longer from 7 to 10 days, if there are no complications. During this entire period, the patient is dangerous to others, as he becomes a carrier of the influenza virus.

After all the symptoms of the disease disappear, the person remains a carrier of the infection for another two days. If you sum up all the days, then the period when a person remains contagious is at least 6 days.

When the disease is complicated, bronchitis, tracheitis and so on, a person remains a carrier of bacteria until he stops coughing and blowing his nose, that is, releasing dangerous viruses into the environment.

Then you need to take the total period of the disease, with the course of all symptoms, and add 1-2 days before the illness and 2 days after. The total period when the patient will be contagious will be 1.5-2 weeks.

One of the simplest methods of infection with SARS- this is a non-observance of the banal rules of personal hygiene and nutrition. Even if a person has a strong immune system that resists viruses well, unwashed hands, poor nutrition, hypothermia, all this can significantly weaken his immunity. This will contribute to the development of dangerous pathogens that will begin to multiply dynamically in the human body.

The main cause of bronchitis accompanied by sputum is a viral infection. The disease occurs due to damage by bacteria, and in some cases - when exposed to allergens on the body.

Now you can safely purchase excellent natural preparations that alleviate the symptoms of the disease, and in a period of up to several weeks allow you to completely get rid of the disease.

Rhinoviruses and adenoviruses: how long does the infection period last?

The number of days a patient is a carrier of an infection depends on what type of virus they are infected with. Approximately 40% of all cases of viral infections of the respiratory type are rhinoviruses, they are champions in infection of the population.

Rhinoviruses include about a hundred microorganisms of different types, and all of them can cause infection. Rhinoviruses do not have an outer shell, they are very small, much smaller than the influenza virus, and therefore it is easier for them to enter the body and infect humans.

The incubation period for infection with rhinoviruses will be from two to five days. After that, all the symptoms of the development of the disease will appear, sneezing, runny nose, coughing, etc.

If rhinoviruses were the cause of infection, then the period when a person will be a carrier of infection will be more than a week. To this period should be added two days before the onset of symptoms and three days after their disappearance.

Adenoviruses are less common they account for about 5% of all cases of SARS infection. These viruses are also very diverse and persist on household items for up to two weeks if the temperature is room temperature. Therefore, when the patient has recovered, then there is a possibility of re-infection.

The incubation period for such viruses is different and can range from 5–7 days to two weeks. If a person is infected with adenovirus, then he will be a carrier of the infection for at least a week, for a maximum of one month

After the apparent recovery of the patient, adenoviruses can cause conjunctivitis, but most often this complication occurs in children.

How many days must pass before the patient ceases to be contagious?

Viral infections of the respiratory type are very common and most often transmitted through the respiratory system. The vast majority of people are careless about protection methods.

Some people have a misconception that contact with an ARVI patient is dangerous in the first few days after infection, but this is not so. The patient is contagious throughout the course of the disease, it is necessary to add to this the day before the onset of the first symptoms and at least two days after their disappearance.

After the disappearance of all symptoms of the disease, another 3-4 days must pass so that the patient can be considered completely healthy and harmless to others

It is very difficult to completely avoid communication with patients who are at the first stage of infection, in which the signs of the disease are not yet very pronounced. The biggest risk is in crowded places such as public transport, shops, bus stops, airports and so on.

How to protect yourself from infection?

• There are drugs that boost the immune system. and prevent viruses from entering the body. For example, Forcys, in the form of tablets, helps protect the mucous membrane from the penetration of harmful bacteria.
  This preparation contains cistus extract and ascorbic acid. It is convenient to use in crowded places, as well as at work.
• There is a recommendation to lubricate the nose from the inside with oxolinic ointment or boric petroleum jelly, this will also protect the mucous membrane from viruses.
• Being in public transport, it is advisable to keep a clove, a piece of calamus root, or a lemon peel in your mouth. They help destroy harmful particles that have entered the nasopharynx.
• And after visiting public places try gargling with chlorophyllipt, propolis, or calendula tincture.

General procedures necessary for the prevention of colds:

• Increased attention to personal hygiene, wash your hands more often after visiting public places
• Avoid rooms with a lot of dust, viruses attach to it
• Do not bring unwashed hands to your nose and mouth.
• Avoid eating or drinking that the patient may have come into contact with
• Avoid hypothermia
• Eat garlic and ginger to boost immunity

If there is a suspicion that an infection has been picked up, then the following precautions must be taken:

• Need to take an aspirin
• Drink warm milk before bed
• Eat a teaspoon of honey without drinking, but simply sucking it

If you use preventive methods, then most likely the viruses will not affect you, and if you suddenly get sick, you will transfer the infection much easier.

TREATMENT in ISRAEL without INTERMEDIARIES - MEDICAL CENTER them. SURASKI in TEL AVIV

Effective medicine - the best clinics and doctors

View Full Version: Nurse did not change gloves when taking blood, is it possible to get hepatitis B and C,

06.10.2010, 10:03

Donated blood today at the local clinic. Came with my syringe. The nurse took blood from a young man, immediately after him, she sat me down, rinsed her hands in old gloves, without rubbing them with anything, took hold of me .... Now I sit and think in horror, what if it didn’t pass, what if the young man has hepatitis or HIV? I am vaccinated against hepatitis B, the last 3rd injection was left in December. What about hepatitis C and HIV?
Tell me, please, how high is the probability of contracting hepatitis C and HIV in this situation? Through what time it is possible to hand over analyzes and what to exclude infection?

06.10.2010, 10:10

Was there blood on her gloves? And her hands are...

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Good afternoon, tell me, what are the risks of infection with hepatitis B or C:
1. at home, the husband himself repaired a leaking sewer pipe from which water was leaking (well, you yourself understand what kind of water can be in a sewer pipe, it also contains people’s biological fluids), now I’m worried if he could have become infected with hepatitis B or C if from a pipe liquid got on the ruet, did you read without gloves? He may have cracks on his hands, and he also cut himself, but I don’t know at the time of repairing the pipe or after. He absolutely does not want to take tests. He managed to wash his hands with soap only after 5 hours, because the repair was in the apartment without taps, after the repair he simply wiped his hands with wet wipes.
2. if the saliva of one person gets on the lips of another (if there are cracks in the corners of the mouth and wounds inside)?
3. I took an X-ray of the tooth and the laboratory assistant inserted the plate into my mouth with my bare hands, without washing them before that, then the corners of my mouth cracked from dryness (after a couple of hours) and also burned the sky and got a wound, could the virus ...

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View Full Version : Is it possible to get h/or infection during blood sampling?

Today I donated blood from my finger. I curse myself that I didn’t tell the nurse to change gloves, because in my presence she touched other people’s glasses with blood, test tubes, then she also wiped something like a container from blood with cotton, and there was a fair amount of blood, and then in the same gloves, moreover already with visible contamination, pricked my finger and touched the cotton wool with which to close the wound.
Now I’m sitting and thinking whether I have collected all the infections (hepatitis and HIV in particular) and are now doomed, or it’s still impossible to get infected.

03.03.2011, 14:39

The chance is very small, although it is not completely excluded, so it is necessary to require a change of gloves before taking blood.

zashib:0072: just recently I took tests for hepatitis and HIV, which were negative, and got rid of my long-standing phobia, and now again sit and think whether it passed or not: 0072: and I only have to donate blood for these things once before .. .

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In this section, you can anonymously ask a question about HIV/AIDS.

Notification of the response will be sent to the e-mail you specified. The question and answer will be posted on the website. If you don't want to post, please let us know in the question.

Please formulate the question clearly and carefully indicate your e-mail for timely notification.

Question from: Slava | 03/05/2011 21:35 Hello Eric! Whether and tell or say please it is possible to catch a Hepatitis or a HIV in such a way. For example, in the subway or on the street, someone was bleeding and he touched the handrail, then when the blood dried up or it was wiped off, I touched it, and then I touched a fresh wound on my lip (blood came from it). Visually, there was no blood on the hands. But suddenly small particles remained, they say hepatitis can live for a long time. Thank you in advance. Answers: Eric Slava, hello. No impossible. Even considering the survivability of hepatitis viruses, there is no risk in the situation you describe. Question from: Katya | 01/05/2012 12:48...

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Hello Alesya!
Yes, the risk of contracting viral hepatitis C is high. You should have a blood test after 6 months to see if you have hepatitis C virus or not.
Advice for the future: never again commit rash acts, even for the sake of good.
Be healthy! With all my heart I wish you not to know hepatitis C on yourself!

"... blood to blood (if you had the same wounds, then everything is possible)..."
Disagree! Upon contact with the skin, the hepatitis C virus can easily enter the body, including the blood.

"... Actually, for infection with hepatitis C, a large viral dose is needed (about 10 to 3 or 4 degrees), i.e., the probability of contracting such contact is negligible (it can be said that it is impossible) ... "
Disagree! For infection with hepatitis C, a small dose is enough, and even more so, I would by no means say "... negligible ...". You can easily get infected! Although each organism is individual and for infection someone needs 1 virus and that's it - hello, ...

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Infection with hepatitis C virus
Who is more likely to get hepatitis C?

Hepatitis C is more common in young people. However, the "age" of infection is gradually increasing.

More than 170 million of the world's population is affected by chronic hepatitis C. Every year, 3-4 million people become infected. The disease is common in all countries, but unevenly.

Where can you get hepatitis C virus?

You can get infected when performing piercings, tattoos - in the respective salons. However, according to statistics, they are more likely to become infected in those places where there is a joint use of injecting drugs. High risk of infection in prisons.
Medical staff can become infected at work (in a hospital, clinic) when injured while working with infected blood.
Hemotransfusions (blood transfusion) are currently rarely the cause of infection in patients, their contribution is no more than 4%.
Previously, hepatitis C was characterized as "post-transfusion". The risk of infection during medical procedures can ...

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Ways of infection and preventive measures for hepatitis C

Hepatitis C is one of the most common diseases that affects the human liver. Most often it occurs in people under 40 years of age. Every year the number of infected people is only growing, in addition, more than 80% of patients are carriers of chronic hepatitis.

What to do if the patient's blood gets in?

As you know, hepatitis C is transmitted through the blood of a sick person, but on the condition that there is damage on the skin of a healthy person. So, if infected blood has got on the skin, you should try to squeeze it out, and wash the place where it got into. It is very difficult to wash blood from wounds and cuts. But it is not worth washing the wound with only water, it must be disinfected in the following ways:

Treat the wound with soapy water. Lubricate the wound with 70% alcohol solution. Wipe the wound with 5% iodine.

If the blood of a sick person appeared on the hands, then they also need to be processed. For disinfection, a solution of chloramine 3 is suitable ...

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03/26/2013 - Marina: 03/25/2013 - Marina: 03/23/2013 - Marina: Tatyana Vladimirovna, there was a fight in the entrance. There was a lot of blood. Now I'm worried, because my husband goes for a walk with the dog several times a day, and at home there is a small child. If blood particles got into the house on the dog's paws or shoes, but there are no visible traces of blood at home, can the child become infected with hepatitis? Can a dog get sick? After all, a child can become infected from it. And after how long can you wash off the blood in the entrance without fear of infection?
The answer to your question is: hepatologist Stepanova T.V.
Answer: A dog does not suffer from viral hepatitis, which a person suffers from, but on its paws it can bring infected blood. Hepatitis C and HIV viruses are not persistent in the external environment, there is no chance of infection with these viruses, and the hepatitis B virus lives for a very long time, so everyone should be vaccinated against hepatitis B. Sanitation should be done at the entrance. processing, it is better that workers from san.epid arrive. stations.
Tatyana Vladimirovna! I washed...

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Hepatitis C. How is hepatitis C and B transmitted? Is hepatitis C transmitted through kissing, sexually?

Updated on 30.11.2016 21:42

Hepatitis C: how is the infection transmitted?

The hepatitis C virus is found in the blood and body fluids of a sick person. Hepatitis C is transmitted when infected blood enters the blood or damaged skin and mucous membranes of another person. Clinical observations indicate that there is no risk of infection through contact of intact mucous membranes and skin with infected blood.

The concentration of the virus in biological fluids (saliva, semen and vaginal discharge) is in most cases insufficient for infection, however, if these fluids enter the blood of a healthy person, for example, through damaged skin or mucous membranes, the possibility of infection cannot be ruled out. According to some studies, the hepatitis C virus can retain its properties at room temperature on the surface...

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The question is answered by: Bondarenko Tatyana

Project expert VseProPechen.ru

Hello Yaroslav!

According to studies, the hepatitis C virus can persist and be dangerous on hygiene items from 16 hours to 4 days. Therefore, if a razor or clipper was used in front of you at the hairdresser, on which at least a drop of the blood of an infected client got on, and then the tools were not processed (this happens very often), then you can become infected with viral hepatitis C. It will persist for the same amount of time and on other objects (in a syringe, just in a drop of dried blood).

Especially often injuries occur during manicure, so this is the most dangerous procedure in terms of preventing viral hepatitis.

In order to become infected from objects with the hepatitis C virus, there must be a wound on the surface of the skin or mucous membranes.

The concept of "blood to blood" is used precisely in this sense, which I described to you. Of course, you can catch the virus during...

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11

How not to get hepatitis C: through shared dishes and kitchen utensils, food, drinking from the same bottle and mug, handshakes, kisses, touches, hugs, during oral and vaginal intercourse, through shared clothes, toys, bedding, furniture, plumbing and other household items, cosmetics, coughing, sneezing, inhalation, through pets, even scratching and biting, insect bites, in the pool and reservoirs.

How you can get hepatitis C, we simulate the situation:

Shared scissors: the virus carrier scratched the skin with scissors in an attempt to remove the burr, leaving blood on them, and a few hours later another person takes the scissors and does the same thing - picks his fingers long and deep to the “meat”, to the blood. Scissors should be right in this wound for some time. Why...

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12

An accidental needle prick in the park, a trip to a tattoo parlor or just to the dentist can cause a terrible disease - hepatitis - an infectious disease that enters the body through the blood. It enters the body in various ways, but infection through an injection is the main route of infection. Not only drug addicts, but also ordinary people are at risk.

Transmission routes

There are 5 types of hepatitis in the world: A, B, and C. E and D are very rare. Hepatitis A is the most harmless, since it does not cause chronic forms. This infection is also called Botkin's disease or "jaundice". The mode of transmission is fecal-oral. It is transmitted through infected vegetables, fruits, water, through close contact (often sexually) with a sick person. Hepatitis B and C have the same routes of entry into the human body, but are caused by different viruses. Hepatitis B is caused by hepadnaviruses, Hepatitis C by flavaviruses. The route of transmission is hematogenous. It is also possible to transmit sexually and at the birth of a child from ...

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13

Hepatitis A is possible, hepatitis B is not, hepatitis C is unlikely.

Hello! Theoretically possible, predominantly there is a risk of hepatitis B, since a minimum infectious dose is required, hepatitis C is unlikely, and A is impossible. Sincerely, Alexandrov P.A.

If only one person had an injury, there is no risk, hepatitis A has nothing to do with it

04/20/2013: Get infected by a hairdresser

Hello Today I went to the hairdresser, and the hairdresser cut her finger with scissors. She wiped it a little with a rag and water, but some blood remained on her hand. And she continued to cut my hair, if she has HIV or hepatitis, is there a possibility of infection?

11/06/2013: HIV and hepatitis, could there be a risk?

The skin on the hands is dry at the moment. There were cracks on the arm, no blood discharge. I anointed at work with hand cream (olive), which many people use. Stinging in those places where there were cracks. Tell me if you were...

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14

Is it possible to get hepatitis or HIV while visiting a barbershop? Yes, if precautions are not followed, these infections are transmitted through a razor.

Can someone else's razor cause infection

Usually, connoisseurs of classic shaving have questions about the risk of infection when buying used shaving accessories or before visiting a barbershop. Using someone else's machines or blades can indeed lead to infection with viral hepatitis B. The risk of HIV infection is also present, but it is rather theoretical. But first things first.

Two words about viral hepatitis and HIV

Viral hepatitis is a group of infections that result in the development of diseases with a primary lesion of the liver. These ailments are combined into two large groups. The first includes infections with the fecal-oral route of transmission. Roughly speaking, these are diseases of dirty hands and unboiled water. In the context of using shared shaving accessories, you can...

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15

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What is a cold - the same as a runny nose after hypothermia, or is it SARS? Where does it come from, and is it possible to get infected with it?

To the question "Is it possible to catch a cold?" answers Ekaterina Vladimirovna Uspenskaya - candidate of medical sciences, doctor of the highest category, pediatrician.

The concept of “cold” is interpreted by many in different ways: some call it a short-term hypothermia of the body - the child “has caught a cold”, having wet his feet or having been in the cold or a draft for some time. But it is enough for him to warm up (rub his legs, arms), as his health returns to normal, and he is still healthy. And others call a cold a cold - a respiratory disease that lasts 5-7 days, is of an infectious nature (viral or bacterial) and requires medical supervision.

The second concept is perhaps closest to the truth. After all, hypothermia in itself is not a disease, and it is impossible to “catch” such a “cold”. It can only cause the development or exacerbation of various infectious diseases, if they are present in a child, so you should not leave such conditions unattended either.

But SARS and ARI can be infected. They are caused by viruses, the most common of which are rhinovirus, parainfluenza and influenza virus, adenovirus. Each of them has its own distinctive features, although the most "glorified" and dangerous, of course, is the influenza virus. Many who have recovered from this virus say that “it cannot be confused with anything” due to a sharp increase in temperature (above 38 ° C), severe headache and muscle aches. Staying "on your feet" with the flu is simply impossible.
As for all other ARVI pathogens, only an experienced clinician is able to reliably recognize them without resorting to laboratory analysis.

It is believed that 6 episodes of acute respiratory viral infections per year for a child under the age of 3 years, and a little less - 4 for children under 6 years old - this is the norm for an organism whose immune system is just being formed and accumulates experience in dealing with various foreign agents (viruses and bacteria including). Therefore, many pediatricians oppose the fanatical treatment of each symptom of SARS, including a low temperature, when the body is able to cope with it on its own.

However, everyone agrees that even a mild degree of SARS requires a very careful attitude - in no case should a child be sent to a kindergarten or school, but it is important to monitor the change in the child's condition during the day so as not to miss a possible deterioration and, if any, take action in time. If this or that condition of the child worries you, and you do not know how to cope with it, then it is better to call a doctor or, at least, call a specialist with whom you are constantly observed (patronage nurse, family doctor, etc.).

In the case of SARS, very often mothers begin treatment themselves, since a day may pass before the arrival of a specialist, and measures to combat a viral infection must be taken as soon as possible.

If necessary, you can put him to bed (according to some pediatricians, this is not necessary: ​​if the child does not have a fever, and he does not feel lethargic, then he can be allowed some not very mobile and non-fatiguing activities).
The child needs to drink as much warm drinks as possible - with cranberries, lingonberries, decoctions of rose hips, raspberries or black currants. This will help his body fight intoxication.
You can independently start antiviral treatment with the help of the safest drugs approved for use in children - Influcid, Oscillococcinum.
It is possible, as ancillary measures, to give the child herbal remedies to strengthen immunity - based on echinacea, ginseng, eleutherococcus.
It is unacceptable to give "adult" drugs or prescription drugs on your own.
With an increase in body temperature above 38 ° C, drugs based on paracetamol or ibuprofen can be used, but in no case aspirin!

If during the day there is no visible improvement, then a visit to the doctor is inevitable even in the case of a banal "cold".

The usual question is: “Could I have contracted HIV?” arises after a stormy night with a stranger, a young lady from the street of pink lanterns, "just an acquaintance." Usually this is a fast, violent, "under the hood" intercourse with jumping out of underpants without a #2 rubber product, which reduces the risk of getting HIV infection by 80% (according to the US Center for Disease Control).

Any person who considers himself highly moral, but nevertheless has been married three times, can become infected. This is enough to get infected from one of the wives and then infect the next.

Rubber product number 2.

"And in the morning they woke up"

and in the morning they woke up ...

And they began to think: “Have I contracted HIV????”

Have I contracted HIV?

Was there, in general, the possibility of contracting HIV?

To begin with, let's define: "Was there, in general, the possibility of contracting HIV?"

Maybe he is a virgin) (although it is possible that he could have been infected through a needle or from his mother during birth, breastfeeding when he was an infant).

So there is no need to panic right away.

First, try to find out his HIV status, bring him for examination immediately and in a month, because may not show right away., and suddenly he's in . Who said it would be easy? You have to pay for everything, especially for pleasure.

Let's start with the worst option: "You had contact with HIV +." In principle, HIV should be suspected in all unfamiliar, unexamined partners, even if she is “well-groomed and smells delicious”.

To determine the likelihood of contracting HIV, AIDS, if your partner was HIV-infected, this wonderful plate will help:

The risk of contracting HIV, AIDS in various contacts with an HIV-infected person in percent.

Approximate probability of "catching" HIV infection from HIV positive under different situations.

Contact type	Probability of infection, %
Blood transfusion for HIV+	92,5
Using someone else's syringe, needle after an HIV-infected person	0,6
Needle stick after injection to an HIV-infected person	0,2
Passive intercourse through the anus with HIV + with extraction of hours before the eruption	0,7
Passive intercourse through the anus with HIV + with the introduction of semen	1,4
Active intercourse uncircumcised hours in the anus of an HIV+ partner	0,6
Active intercourse with a circumcised h. in the anus of an HIV+ partner	0,1
Passive natural intercourse of a woman with an HIV+ man	0,08
Passive natural intercourse of a man with an HIV+ woman	0,04
Coition through the mouth	Fantastically low
Fight	Fantastically low
Slobbering, spitting	Fantastically low
Swallowing body fluids (eg, seminal fluid)	Fantastically low
Sharing toys for sensual pleasures	Fantastically low

It is not so easy to get infected sexually, and as the most important AIDS specialist in Russia, academician Vadim Pokrovsky, says: “To get sexually infected, you need to sweat VERY WELL!”)).

What contributes to HIV infection?

What factors increase the likelihood of contracting HIV infection. After all, not every contact infects a person. Therefore, a horror story about how, after a stormy night, a stranger writes on the glass of her victim: "Welcome to the AIDS club." not entirely true, and can carry.

Even if you managed to retire with an HIV+ guy, this does not mean that you have become infected.

Firstly, the risk of infection depends on the state of HIV + itself partner: if he:

• regularly tested for viral load,
• taking medications that suppress HIV

as a result, he has an undetectable viral load and the risk is sharply reduced by 96% (slightly remains).

If he is in the stage of acute HIV infection (6-12 weeks after infection), then at this time the contagiousness increases 26 times, the amount of the HIV virus in his blood goes off scale. In this situation, the risk of a woman getting infected from HIV+ by a man with such a high viral load with a single normal natural contact soars from 0.4% to 2% !!!, and with contact in the anus for the receiving partner, the risk of infection increases from 1.4% up to 33.3%!!!

What helps to get infected with HIV, AIDS.

Also, whether you get HIV or not depends on his behavior: “How many partners does he have?” and if there are a lot of them, this is bad, the risk of infection increases, as well as from your behavior: “Did he put on an elastic band right away?”. If he also has others, then this is a clear marker of his dysfunction (for example, gonorrhea in the anus or throat increases the risk of HIV infection by 8 times), even if he does IT like a god.

The nature of intercourse is also of great importance, whether it is just oral caresses (the lowest level of risk, you will not get HIV through saliva (if there are no wounds)), or whether it is an act in the anus (the biggest risk of contracting HIV, therefore, now the HIV epidemic -infections among fans of this way of getting pleasure) and of course the duration, intensity, rudeness (increases the risk of sexually transmitted diseases by 3 times, HIV by 1.5 times). If there are abrasions, tears, blood, even with ordinary natural intercourse - this is very bad, you can jump in 2 weeks to get tested for HIV.

Whether it is possible to catch a HIV through oral?

The number of documented cases of oral infection is very few, but they are. This is due to the fact that they are very difficult to identify, because. not a single person is engaged only in plowshares, but also.

Besides, yelling is different:

• woman, man, anus,
• different roles: active, passive,
• role reversal: active - passive, passive - active.

yelled at a man

Although the risk through natural intercourse is much higher than through oral intercourse, cases of infection of the receiving partner have been reported, even without ejaculation. The cause of infection may be the transmission of HIV through seminal fluid into the mouth with wounds, ulcers.

Oral woman

Again, the risk through natural intercourse is much higher than through oral intercourse, but there are documented cases where probably HIV infection occurred through vaginal fluid that got into the mouth with wounds, ulcers.

Oral anus

Only one case of infection of the receiving partner through stimulation of the anus with the mouth has been recorded. Theoretically, infection is possible, as well as when oral to a woman and a man, through infected secrets of the anus into the mouth with ulcers, damage to the mucosa.

Is it possible to get HIV, AIDS through a kiss?

To get AIDS through a kiss, you need to VERY, VERY try, there is a risk, but very minimal and certain conditions are required: ulcers, bleeding wounds, gums, injuries, it also depends on the type of kiss: simple, French, wet, hickey. There is one rule here:

the more traumatic the kisses, the higher the number of kisses with an HIV-infected person, the higher the likelihood of HIV transmission.

To date, only one case has been officially reported (according to the CDC) of a woman allegedly being infected through kissing from an HIV+ man. He kissed her regularly for 2 years, even when he had bleeding ulcers. Presumably because they had other types of unprotected sex, they had an accident with a rubber band, they used nonxinol-9 lubricant (increases the risk of HIV infection for women), but in this case, the likelihood of AIDS transmission through kissing is high.

Apart from this case, there are no more recorded cases of infection through kissing, but this does not mean that it is impossible, it is just rare that only smack-smack is enough.

What does it take to get infected with HIV, AIDS through kissing?

1. There must be a biological fluid (semen, vaginal, breast milk, blood) of an HIV-positive person in which HIV can survive. HIV does not fly through the air, it dies in an acidic environment (stomach, gallbladder), and it also dies where there is antibacterial protection, such as in the mouth.
2. There must be a path along which HIV in the biological fluid will move into the body of a healthy person e.g. intercourse, used syringe, .
3. There must be an "entrance gate" for the virus , for example, a tear, injection, microtrauma.
4. There must be a sufficient concentration of the HIV virus in the biological fluid for infection , so HIV is not transmitted through saliva, urine, tears.

From this we can conclude:

you have to be VERY, VERY lucky to get HIV by kissing.

Speed ​​phobes and conspiracy theorists

It's sad, but even today, those who believe that you can get HIV from shaking hands, touching, sitting on the toilet, where the HIV-positive sat, from the doorknob. There is, of course, from ignorance. But if a person is provided with complete information, then these people really need qualified help from a specialist: a psychologist, a psychotherapist, so that they can get rid of the fear and depression that constantly haunts them.

If a person is in real danger of contracting AIDS, for example, lives with HIV positive, then the doctor may prescribe pre-exposure prophylaxis (about one tablet a day can reduce the risk of infection by 90%).

What should I do next?

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Determining the likelihood of infection after narcotic, sexual contact.

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You are NOT at risk of contracting HIV.

But if you are still worried, then get tested for HIV.

You HAVE a risk of contracting HIV!
Get tested for HIV ASAP!

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1. Task 1 of 10

   1 .

   Have you had unprotected intercourse with a person who is (or may be) infected with HIV, AIDS.

2. Task 2 of 10

   2 .

   Have you had intercourse through the anus with a person who is sick (or may) have HIV infection, AIDS.

3. Task 3 of 10

   3 .

   Have you had contact with the body fluids of a person who is (or may be) ill with HIV infection, AIDS.

4. Task 4 of 10

   4 .

   Have you had sexual intercourse with several partners or with a person who has many sexual partners.