The brain is the most important and complex part of the central nervous system. With its help, all processes associated with thinking and evaluating information received from the external environment are performed. The brain has two hemispheres - left and right, each of which is responsible for certain processes. The work of both hemispheres must be harmonious and coordinated so that a person can adequately carry out all types of life activity.

The principles of operation of both hemispheres are still under study, but so far the world is dominated by the theory of interhemispheric asymmetry. The essence of the theory is that the left hemisphere is responsible for logic, and the right - for creativity. And although many experiments have shown that each hemisphere is responsible to some extent for both aspects of thinking, the theory still continues to exist, being the leading one at the moment.

What are the functions of the left hemisphere of the brain?

The left hemisphere of the brain dominates in such areas:

Coordination of movements of the right side of the body;
Control of speech, reading, writing, recognition and understanding of mathematical symbols, as well as remembering names, dates;
Logical analysis of facts obtained from outside;
Only a literal understanding of concepts;
Stages in the processing of any information received;
All mathematical manipulations;
Orientation in time and feeling of one's own body;
The concept of one's own "I" and its isolation from the environment;
The predominance of introversion in character;
Logical, symbolic and sequential thinking.

You can check which hemisphere is more developed by analyzing how vividly the above qualities are realized in everyday life. The following methods will also help with the definition:

If, when interlacing the fingers, the thumb of the right hand is on top, then the left hemisphere dominates and vice versa;
With handclaps, the hand that is on top is coordinated by the opposite hemisphere;
When crossing the arms on the shoulders, the dominance of the left hemisphere is evidenced by the right hand lying on top.

In newborns, the work of the right hemisphere of the brain predominates. After speech and other skills actively begin to develop, the left hemisphere turns on. Due to the educational system and social structure, the vast majority of children eventually begin to dominate the left hemisphere, eclipsing the right.

It has been experimentally proven that left-handers have the dominance of the right hemisphere. However, parents, so that their child does not differ from others, try to retrain him. Doing this is highly undesirable, since the consequences can be unpleasant, manifesting themselves in various disorders of the brain.

What is dangerous damage to the left hemisphere of the brain?

With any damage to the left hemisphere of the brain, violations, disappearances or deformations of its function are noted. Possible occurrence of such pathological conditions:

Violation of the ability to generalize the received data;
Violation of the ability to build logical chains;
Various lesions of the speech apparatus (misunderstanding of speech, loss of the ability to speak, and others);
The defeat of the written analyzer (misunderstanding of what is written during the perception of oral speech or the inability to write in normal speech);
Combined lesions of speech and writing;
Disorientation in time;
Violation of the ability to build in the correct sequence the tasks that must be completed to achieve any goal;
The inability to draw conclusions from the facts.

It is often impossible to restore lost abilities completely. In some situations, it is not possible to achieve even a minimal improvement in a particular area of damage. Of particular importance in this situation are left-handers, whose center of speech, like some others, is in the right hemisphere.

The fact that the center of speech is located in the frontal lobes of the left hemisphere was proved in the middle of the 19th century. After that, almost immediately it became clear that the predominance of the left hand in writing is closely related to the center of speech in the right hemisphere. In 1861, the concept of "motor aphasia" was formulated, which implies understanding of speech, but the inability to speak. This condition appeared after the destruction of certain zones in the left hemisphere. In 1874, "sensory aphasia" was discovered, which is characterized by the ability to speak, but the inability to understand speech. The phenomenality of these disorders is that in left-handers, these zones are most often located in the right hemisphere.

Exercises for the development of the brain

During the development of children, parents should monitor the harmony of both hemispheres. Ultimately, almost everyone, with the exception of left-handers, will be left-brain dominant. Therefore, exercises for the development of the left hemisphere are not relevant. In addition, the child will receive sufficient development of logic and consistency in educational institutions. However, for left-handers, it will be useful to perform some exercises designed specifically for the left hemisphere.

Basic exercises:

Daily solution of several problems, preferably a mathematical profile with a logical component;
Solving crossword puzzles (for children there are also special puzzles, riddles, etc.);
Perform as many movements as possible with the right half of the body (only for left-handers).

Much more important are exercises aimed at improving the relationship between the right and left hemispheres of the brain. Development methods include:

A very simple exercise consists in simultaneously stroking yourself with your right hand on your stomach and tapping yourself with your left hand on your head. At first, you should do it slowly, carefully monitoring the movements of each hand, and then gradually accelerate.
The next exercise also requires hand work. Putting them in front of him, a person should draw a square in the air with one, and the second, for example, a star. At the same time, as soon as he notices progress, that is, it becomes easier to perform the exercise, you should change hands.
A more difficult coordination exercise is to hold the tip of the nose with one hand, while holding the opposite ear with the other. The training technique is that the hands need to be changed as quickly as possible.
Depending on whether the person is right-handed or left-handed, you should try to do the usual things with the opposite hand, such as brushing your teeth or eating.
Dance classes, in particular tango, help develop both hemispheres at the same time.
Also a useful exercise is to simultaneously draw the same drawing with both hands. Moreover, the images should be mirrored.

For normal life, the harmonious development of both hemispheres of the brain is important, each of which will be activated in a certain, appropriate situation. Excessive dominance of the left hemisphere blocks the path to creativity and creativity. Excessive activity of the right - makes a person uncollected, too scattered.

Mirrored, but it's not. If you study the question more closely, you can notice their asymmetry. When measuring the size of the brain, it turns out that the left hemisphere is always slightly larger than the right. But that's not the only difference. The right hemisphere contains long, connecting distant regions of the brain, while the left has short fibers that form connections in a limited area.

Medical observations

While examining the brain of a patient who suffered from loss of speech, Paul Broca, a French physician, in 1861 drew attention to the fact that the area of the frontal lobe, which is responsible for generating speech, was damaged in the left hemisphere.

And only quite recently, scientists were able to determine what else each hemisphere individually is responsible for. The fact is that during normal functioning, our brain works as a single harmonious system, and information is instantly transmitted from hemisphere to hemisphere along a wide bundle of nerve fibers connecting them. These fibers are called

In epilepsy, this bridge can cause problems and damage the brain. In an effort to prevent such an outcome, neurosurgeons in some cases dissect the corpus callosum.

Such patients live normal lives, and scientists can carefully examine the work of the hemispheres separately. And that's what was determined.

Able to express himself with speech, perform complex calculations and logical operations. The right hemisphere responds only to simple, light speech.

But it is superbly aware of space and structure, so it is better than the left to create geometric patterns and drawings with perspective. The left hemisphere controls the right side of the body, while the right hemisphere controls the left.

When the right hemisphere is damaged, a person experiences impairments in face recognition or perception of information, depth and space. Scientists obtained additional information about the relative specialization of the right hemisphere by observing patients whose speech is impaired, but the ability to sing is retained. It follows from this that the right hemisphere is responsible for musical abilities.

Hemispheric differences

Asymmetry is mental, sensory and motor interhemispheric.

When studying psychophysiological functions, it was found that the control over the verbal information channel in speech is exercised by the left hemisphere, and the non-verbal channel, i.e. voice and intonation, follows the right. in the left hemisphere is produced analytically, sequentially, according to the principle of induction. The right hemisphere processes the incoming information simultaneously, synthesizing it, according to the principle of deduction.

The left hemisphere represents most often positive emotions and suppresses the manifestation of weak emotions. The right hemisphere is more "emotional" and represents mostly negative emotions, controlling manifestations of strong ones.

In the sensory realm, the right and left hemispheres differ in the ability to visual perception. The right hemisphere of the brain perceives a holistic visual image and more easily copes with the task of distinguishing objects and visualizing. The left hemisphere approaches the evaluation of the visual image in a divided, analytical way. Consciousness and associated primarily with it.

Motor asymmetry of the hemispheres is expressed in the right-left-handedness, which is controlled by the motor cortex of the brain of the opposite hemisphere.

Development of the right hemisphere

To develop intuition, one must learn to activate the right hemisphere. How to achieve this? The simplest and most natural way is to engage in those activities in which the right side of the brain “turns on”. These are all kinds of creativity: drawing, singing, dancing, as well as listening to music, smelling, operating with symbols, images.

The right hemisphere of the brain is responsible for creativity, creativity. That is why it is so important to develop the right hemisphere if you want to achieve great professional heights in life. To learn how to develop the right hemisphere of the brain, read the article below.

Each hemisphere has its own function

From an anatomical point of view, the left and right hemispheres of the human brain have their own functions. They are the following:

The right hemisphere is responsible for:

1) Imagination, creative function, fantasies, a sense of beauty.

2) Musical ability.

3) Verbal information (perception of words, the ability to build sentences and express yourself beautifully).

4) Perception of images and symbols.

5) Orientation in space.

6) Intuition.

7) Parallel processing of information, understanding of metaphors.

8) Control over the movements of the left side of the body.

The left hemisphere is responsible for:

1) Analysis and mathematical logic.

2) Language abilities.

3) Learning to write.

4) The ability to build cause-and-effect chains.

5) Control over the movements of the right side of the body.

As scientists have established, the development of one or another hemisphere of the brain is not given to a person from birth. It is achieved by numerous trainings, "pumping".

The difference between "M" and "F"

Despite the fact that in a person, in fact, both hemispheres of the brain should be well developed, in practice this is very rare. If we associate the development of the cerebral hemispheres with gender (sex), then the question of which hemisphere of the brain is developed in men can be answered: the left one. Which hemisphere of the brain is developed in women? Right.

The teachings also established that men use the right hemisphere for visual-spatial orientation and the left hemisphere when solving analytical problems, and women constantly think when solving abstract problems with two hemispheres at once.

In general, the result is as follows: men overtake women in logic and analytics, but women are clearly more successful in coping with creative thinking tasks.

How to train the right brain

Since the right hemisphere is more “creative”, and in the modern rhythm of life it is important to make not only correct, but also non-standard decisions, it is the right hemisphere that many people need in a stronger “pumping”. Try the following exercises.

1) Listen to beautiful music, visit art exhibitions, start painting yourself. Any activity related to the arts will contribute to the development of the right hemisphere.

2) Start keeping a diary, write short stories or just sketches from your own life.

3) Meditate with breath control. Learn to dive into yourself and "see" beautiful images and unusual situations.

Development of both hemispheres

Psychophysiologists know how to develop both hemispheres of the brain. Here's what they advise you to do.

1) Learn to use your left hand well and constantly do the same with your right hand: tie your shoelaces, brush your teeth, write text, etc.

2) Use "mirror drawing" as often as possible. This simple exercise is performed as follows: the subject takes two sheets of paper and two pens in each hand. Now you need to simultaneously draw any shapes on paper - zigzags, scribbles, circles, squares, triangles, flowers, leaves ... Anything! The main thing is to do it with both hands at the same time. Exercise develops both hemispheres of the brain at once.

Video on the topic of the article

Synchronization of the cerebral hemispheres

The following exercises will be useful for people of all ages.

It will be good if adults who want to try these exercises, involve children as the main participants and, in the background of allegedly teaching children, can learn for themselves. Different generations, communicate more actively!
Everyone is accustomed to the need to develop memory, attention, intellect, and improve their body. But for some reason, at the same time, few people pay attention to the brain itself, on which the development of all this in most cases depends. Even the body will not develop and improve if before that the brain is not properly tuned in and does not think about how to start working on the body.
Everyone knows that the brain consists of two parts: left and right. They are doing different things. And at the same time, the left side functions better for someone, the right side for someone, and both for the happiest. Win, of course, the latter, using their wealth to the maximum.

The left hemisphere thinks logically. The right helps to create something new, to generate ideas, as it is now fashionable to say. However, you can be a mathematician with a well-developed left hemisphere and still not come up with anything new. And you can be a creator and pour ideas left and right and not implement any of them because of the inconsistency and illogicality of your actions. There are people like that too. And they lack only one thing: work on improving their brain, bringing it into a harmonious state.
Meanwhile, psychophysiologists have long developed a system of exercises for this. Good in this respect for musicians, for example, pianists. They were already made harmonious from early childhood.

After all, the most important tool for the development of the brain is the hands. Acting with two hands, a person develops both hemispheres.

So, let's move on to the exercises. Many of them are well known to us since childhood.

1. "Ear-nose". With the left hand we take the tip of the nose, and with the right hand - the opposite ear, i.e. left. Simultaneously release your ear and nose, clap your hands, change the position of your hands “exactly the opposite”. I tried it, it was better when I was a kid.

2. "Mirror drawing". Put a blank sheet of paper on the table, take a pencil. Draw simultaneously with both hands mirror-symmetrical drawings, letters. When doing this exercise, you should feel the relaxation of the eyes and hands, because the simultaneous work of both hemispheres improves the efficiency of the whole brain.

3. "Ring". We alternately and very quickly go through the fingers, connecting the index, middle, ring, little fingers into a ring with the thumb. First, you can use each hand separately, then simultaneously with both hands.
Now let's look at physical education lessons. No wonder we were forced to do exercises in which it was necessary to reach the right leg with the left hand and vice versa. After all, they also develop our hemispheres, and help them work in harmony.

The next workout helps relieve emotional stress, improves performance, develops attention, thinking and interhemispheric connections. The exercise is challenging yet interesting.

"Ambulance"

I explain the procedure. Before you lies a piece of paper with the letters of the alphabet, almost all of them. The letters L, P or V are written under each letter. The upper letter is pronounced, and the lower one indicates the movement of the hands. L - the left hand rises to the left side, R - the right hand rises to the right side, B - both hands rise up. Everything is very simple, if it were not so difficult to do all this at the same time. The exercise is performed in sequence from the first letter to the last, then from the last letter to the first. The following is written on the sheet.

A B C D E
L P P V L

E F G I K
W L R W L

L M N O P
L P L L P

R S T U V
W R L R W

X C H W I
L W W R L

This is how you can develop your precious brain for your own benefit. Train for health and have fun! And most importantly, feel the difference between your former self and your trained self!

Coordinate the work of the hemispheres of the brain

This simple practice allows you to revive one hemisphere that is tired of monotonous work and connect the non-working hemisphere to it. To do this, you need A4 paper, on which you horizontally, along a ruler, draw two lines crosswise with a marker, like the letter X laid on its side. Hang this sheet at eye level so that it is convenient for you to look at it. Then you can not take it off, let it hang and remind you of the need to take care of yourself.
Looking at this sheet, breathing calmly and deeply, you do just two simple exercises, known from physical education lessons:

- touch the left elbow of the right knee, then the right elbow of the left knee, it is desirable that the back be straight. Such cross movements must be done six times, only 12. You can do and count.

- touch the left knee with the left elbow, then the right knee with the right elbow, it is desirable that the back be straight. Such parallel movements must also be done six times.

– Again 12 cross movements;

– 12 more parallel movements;

– And the last 12 cross movements.

All this will take you no more than 1.5 minutes, and you will immediately feel the effect in a noticeably refreshed head.
In fact, the exercise is used to correct the left and right hemisphere children. It is taken from applied kinesiology, the modern science of the body, and is based on the observation of infants. If the baby has not passed the crawling stage, he may have problems in the joint work of the hemispheres, which means that he will not use his potential by working with only half of the brain. We will apply this knowledge in a preventive way to restore the coordinated work of the brain.

Consciousness training.

Here is a special program that has been developed over the years in seminars. Both athletes and people who connected their lives with meditation took part in this.
The exercises are called

At first glance, they will not be pleasant. With their help, you realize how easy it is to find yourself in a difficult life situation and how difficult it is to find a way out of this and be reborn.

Consciousness training is, first of all, a complex, as well as mobility in every sense.

The American therapist Jean Houston found that during the training of consciousness, the IQ increases significantly. Obviously, exercise leads to the formation of new nerve cells in the brain. A large number of these cells leads to an increase in the capabilities of the intellect.

Such exercises are ideal for fulfilling the requirements of any complexity and the coordinated work of both hemispheres of the brain. They also increase our concentration. The program promotes the development of coordination between the brain and the body (coordinated work of the brain and parts of the body). Having engaged the left hemisphere, it does not occur to us to engage the right, which would be useful in many situations. Exercise helps to coordinate the work of parts of the body.

This type of gymnastics can be enjoyable in the future and is more effective than it seems at first glance. And to start with, start with simple exercises, heavy ones can hurt.

Stroking the abdomen and tapping the top of the head

The first part of the exercises involves stroking the abdomen with the right hand in a clockwise direction. After that, tap the top of your head with your left palm, with the aim of increasing mental abilities with light spanks. Pay attention to the fact that the movements are straight from top to bottom and vice versa.
The third step will be decisive: a combination of both movements. At the same time, pay attention so as not to confuse the movements by mistake: rotate the abdomen with your right hand, and move it from top to bottom with your left.
After you get used to these movements, you can change hands. Such exercises are good for developing coordination.

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Article by a psychiatrist, psychotherapist. The aim of the article is an attempt to reveal the secret of the neuropsychological laws of the development of the child's psyche. Special literature on this topic is categorically not readable for the layman. Such knowledge is very knowledge-intensive and practically not popularized. If you want to independently study the issues of neuropsychology, inquisitive parents will have to read scientific papers with a dictionary.

- I (the section of the article is published in a separate publication);

Functions of the cerebral hemispheres

The hemispheres of the human brain differ in their work from each other. The right hemisphere is responsible for the following main functions: sensory perception, figurative perception, capturing pictures and using them in creative imagination and memory. The products of the work of the right hemisphere become the material for the work of the left hemisphere, which logically connects them, comprehends, abstracts. That is, the right hemisphere creates without criticism and restrictions, it gives, one might say, raw materials for processing to the left, mental hemisphere.

“Research by neuropsychologists has shown that the work of the right hemisphere of the human brain is predominantly carried out at the level of perception, the perceptual level. At this level, there are processes of analysis of sensory-figurative properties, receptor stimuli, beyond their conceptual and cognitive qualities. That is, in the right hemisphere, characters are recognized without their comprehension. The categorical level is a more highly organized level, where the categorical characteristics of stimuli are already analyzed, where their content is evaluated, meaning is perceived - this level is associated with the left hemisphere” [Meyerson, 1986; Glozman, 2009].

The left hemisphere determines the existing causal relationships, dependencies between events and phenomena, processes and comprehends information that is transmitted using signs and words (for example, teachers at school). In short, it sorts and organizes.

Each hemisphere of the human brain understands and perceives the world in its own way, differently than the other, the second hemisphere, and only in coordinated work does the world appear as it is. Integrity and meaningfulness is obtained only when the hemispheres interact with each other.

Interhemispheric interaction

The functions between the hemispheres are initially divided, but they replace and complement each other in their work. And the full-fledged work of the human psyche is possible only with their accurate and qualitatively organized interaction and cooperation.

Therefore, any complex human activity is provided by the most complex combinations in the work between PP and LP. Only their complete and precise coordination ensures the success of any complex activity. The educational activity of the child is an example of such a complex activity.

If the coherence in the work of the hemispheres of the brain is disturbed, problems arise in learning, writing, speaking, memorizing, formulating answers, oral and written counting, consistent and logical presentation of thoughts, memorizing texts and perceiving educational information.

Without the qualitative development of interhemispheric interaction, the anatomical and physiological, material basis of the child's mental development suffers. Without observing this condition, it is pointless to demand from the child academic progress and success in all types of educational and other activities, high intellectual development.

Just like trying to take part in a race in a car that has the necessary technical condition. He will go, of course, but not faster than his assembled parts will allow. And, the most ridiculous thing in such a situation - press on the gas!

An example of the interaction of the hemispheres when cheating (from a blackboard or textbook)

Let's consider what happens when doing ordinary exercises in the Russian language. Let's start by copying from the blackboard or textbook.

When writing off:

Visual information: images, images of letters and whole words, comes directly to the right hemisphere.
The electrical reactions of the brain indicate that when performing tasks, the right hemisphere begins to actively perceive written speech. This is where visual-spatial analysis takes place.
Then its results are transferred to the left hemisphere for final specialized processing, to recognize the meaning of the text.

That is, the left hemisphere recognizes and understands what these words are about and what these letters are for, while the right hemisphere simply perceives pictures without being puzzled by the meaning of either letters or words. It is with this distribution of roles that written information is recognized by a person.

An example of the interaction of the hemispheres during oral speech or dictation

Let's continue to consider what happens when doing exercises in Russian using the example of writing dictations by ear.

First, the auditory zone is activated - the temporal region of the left hemisphere. Upon admission, information first re-encrypted into signs (letters, words) and in the frontal lobes of the brain, an algorithm for writing these words is developed. Phonemes - the sounds of the words pronounced by the teacher during the dictation are translated into graphemes - iconic literal images of words.
The process of this encryption and there is a transfer of incoming information from the left hemisphere to the right.

And only then, after all these events that have taken place in the hemispheres of the brain, the child begins to write, when the motor function is connected, which controls the hand and fingers under the control of the frontal parts of the brain. It is and only with such a distribution of roles between the parts of the brain that the written tasks in the Russian language are performed. And no, in a different way.

Important milestones in brain development

The results of numerous neuropsychological studies of the state of higher mental functions in childhood helped to get closer to understanding the mechanisms underlying the unequal manifestation of changes at different stages of a child's individual development.

If ontogenesis (individual development) of a child occurs according to the norm, changes in the development and establishment of brain processes proceed in the established order and chronology. The human development program, predetermined by the species genetic development program, is affected by specific developmental features of each specific child, such as family, social environment, physical impacts, past illnesses, peculiarities of pregnancy and childbirth in the mother, etc. All this together just gives rise to individual differences in the development and maturation of the human brain and a huge number of variants of the human psyche, a unique human individuality.

"Leap" in the development of interhemispheric interaction - the stage of crawling

The crawling stage in infancy is critical for the formation of interhemispheric interaction. A detailed description is in .

The "jump" in the development of the left hemisphere - the development of speech

At the age of 2-3, the child begins to actively develop speech through communication with adult native speakers, imitation of words, phrases that the child hears.
The linguistic volume is growing exponentially, and therefore the left hemisphere increasingly takes over the functions of analyzing and understanding all types of speech. The right hemisphere during this period cannot compete with it in this. So the left hemisphere becomes dominant, and the right takes on the functions of a receiver and decoder of signs (letters and words), visuospatial analysis is carried out in it and already processed information is transferred to the left hemisphere for understanding and comprehension. Only in such a situation and only in such a sequence does the perception of oral and written speech occur quickly and reliably.

Interesting Facts

In families where parents are representatives of the intelligentsia, children have more opportunities to improve their speech, so their left hemisphere is developed.

Village children, left most of the time to themselves and nature, have a more developed right hemisphere.

"Jump" in the development of the left hemisphere - school

Preschoolers and first graders in the first two quarters learning normally demonstrate higher activity of the right hemisphere. In the last months of first grade the left hemisphere becomes dominant. That is, in the first grade, a change in the dominant hemisphere normally occurs. This is because in the first grade, at the beginning of training, the greatest load falls on the right hemisphere of the brain structures, and this hemisphere is stimulated, in response to stimulation it develops faster. By the end of the first grade, classes that include a large number of logical operations (speech development, etc.) lead to the dominance of the left hemisphere.

The problem of reduced activity of the left hemisphere

With a high level of intellectual development, poor reading skills appear, difficulties in mastering new material, the child does not pay attention to the whole phrases spoken to him, "misses them past his ears." He has difficulty learning writing and reading skills, rearranges words and letters when writing, repeats the same mistakes when working in class. Such a child often suffers from memorization and learning. He begins to have difficulty expressing himself.

However, difficult tasks for children with reduced function of the right hemisphere are given more easily to children with reduced activity of the left hemisphere.

This left hemispheric dysfunction may be caused by an increased function of the right hemisphere, which thereby interferes with the maturation and activity of the left.

The problem of reduced activity of the right hemisphere

Younger schoolchildren and preschoolers are spending more and more time in virtual reality.

Because of this, they often have a predominant development of the areas of the left hemisphere of the brain, which are responsible for collecting information and rational logical thinking. At the same time, speech zones develop in a smaller volume, do not develop, and are even oppressed due to the predominant development of non-speech zones.

This is about the same as if a limited amount of food is given to a large number of fish in an aquarium. The strongest and most active of them will eat and develop. That is, those who ate in the morning will eat in the afternoon. Accordingly, it is they who will flourish and develop at the expense of the rest.

When stimulating the development of parts of the left hemisphere with the help of virtual reality, the right hemisphere, which is responsible for the creative side of the personality, is suppressed in its activity and is used less and less in work in such children.

These children usually there is a completely meaningless psychological and pedagogical impact. He is taken for psychological correction to psychologists. Trying to find neurological problems. Looking for some problems in the family. Looking for truth in a range of questions: What influenced? Maybe someone scared? Offended? Or is your stepfather strict? Etc.

What for? If the child is simply dominated by a different hemisphere than is necessary for the normal mastery of reading, or writing or counting. Even if you educate yourself, you will only make it worse. All your efforts, massive psychological and pedagogical influence, will only aggravate the process. For example, any attempts to speed up the process of mastering reading or writing, more than the interhemispheric interaction allows, only make the process of reading and writing more difficult. And to one trouble is added another - neurotic reactions to learning. Here it will be possible to be torn to pieces by psychologists.

To help such children cope with their own characteristics is possible only by using the optimal method and pace in teaching, which will take into account the characteristics of the child.

Problems in violation of the interaction of the hemispheres

If the images of letters and words suddenly do not enter the right hemisphere, but immediately go to the left? Then the images received at the wrong address are instantly sent by the left hemisphere to the right, since the left hemisphere itself does not understand the letters and images of words, “does not understand”, does not recognize them. And it throws them for recognition to the right, and then, having done this work, returns it back to the left to understand the meaning of speech, not being able to do it on its own, just as well as the left.

It is natural that in this case, the processing time of the linguistic material increases sharply, and its accuracy decreases, since during the double transfer from hemisphere to hemisphere the risk of loss or distortion of information sharply increases. So a child appears, who sits, tries, but writes in a notebook at random and whatever. For the "troika". They say about this "slows down out of the blue." This happens when writing off.

The above examples show the consequences of violations in the development of the child's nervous system. The same nervous system, which at a young age is still imperfect, but at the same time develops at a gigantic pace, daily, hourly. And, I'm not afraid of this word - every second.

In this article, I do not pretend to provide a detailed and thorough presentation of a huge array of neuropsychological information. I just want to illustrate one small detail - namely, how the process of proper interhemispheric interaction is disrupted, and with it the entire formation of the child's central nervous system, his psyche, learning, the quality of social contacts, and even physiology and somatic health.

I repeat, one of the most important stages in the development of interhemispheric interaction is crawling. On the importance of crawling for the development of interhemispheric interaction. Often the reason for the failure of children is the lack of a period of crawling. Parents, trying to solve the problem of poor progress, involve psychologists and teachers, but usually few people get to the root of the problem.

Completion

Now that you have been introduced to the developmental imbalance of the brain structures, you should understand how carefully it is necessary to consider the use of developmental techniques. When using the methods, it is important to take into account that none of the early development methods has been officially confirmed to be harmless, but most of them have an effect on the sequence of maturation of brain structures and can lead to imbalance.

It is important to indicate that the study and adjustments of brain development depending on the psyche are engaged in neuropsychology. The reasons why direct neuropsychological methods are not usually used to understand and save your child from the problem:

one must force oneself to read a lot of literature that is very boring and difficult to understand for a “non-specialist”;
it is necessary to spend a lot of real time on understanding what is really happening with the child;
it is necessary to spend a huge amount of effort in applying the acquired knowledge, because neuropsychological correction is very long, I can even say a tedious process, in which the most difficult thing is to find a specialist;
the process of neuropsychological correction is reminiscent of training in the gym in order to correct the figure (well, the desired muscle will not grow faster than it can grow);
another thing is that a specialist neuropsychologist will help, as a trainer, to choose the right technique, taking into account the individual characteristics of the child;
the simplified way - “I’ll save up money, bring it to a psychologist and correct it, especially if the psychologist is lucky” does not work in this situation.

Often in modern society, people do not have the opportunity to turn to a neuropsychologist and try to solve problems with the help of psychologists, psychiatrists, and psychotherapists.

Anti-advertising. I myself am far from neuropsychology. I am a psychiatrist and psychotherapist. I understand that my influence on the situation and helping the child in such cases comes down to explaining to parents and helping them understand that such a child does not need my treatment, as well as work with a psychologist. Do not come to us for treatment and correction with similar disorders. Neither a psychotherapist (including me) nor a psychologist will help you.

Neuropsychology is a very laborious occupation. Knowledge there is collected over the years, bit by bit. Knowledge is very accurate, reliable, not conjectural, not speculative and empty. Specialists in this field have been conducting experimental scientific research for years and bit by bit collecting knowledge about the laws of development of the human brain, nervous system and psyche. On the interaction of individual anatomical units and areas of the human brain. This takes them a lot of time, so they rarely engage in corrective practice. They, being fanatics of science, and in this specialty it is impossible otherwise, if they provide assistance, then piece by piece and with a great expenditure of effort and time. Many parents are simply not ready for this scenario. And there is no other right way.

Those who have already encountered the need to harmonize the child's mental activity should know that in such cases a differentiated system is needed for selecting corrective methods in accordance with the type of asymmetry of his hemispheres. For the development of interhemispheric connections, as well as for the development of the right and left hemispheres, you can use sets of special exercises. Competent specialists in these matters are neuropsychologists. Treatment of problems with reduced activity is a precise correction of the educational process. Of course, such a correction is more effective at an early stage of the development of these disorders, and its prevention makes it possible to identify predispositions to this disorder and consists in a set of preventive measures. Medical treatment for such disorders has unproven efficacy and its use is not recommended. As well as most of the psychological and pedagogical methods are not recommended.

Thank you for your attention!

As scientists have long proven, the hemisphere on the left side is responsible for the verbal. Everything related to our speech, perception of letters, writing and much more. Without this opportunity, we would not be able to remember anything, not a single date would be able to be fixed in memory.

Asking yourself the question of what the left hemisphere of the brain is responsible for, you can easily answer - all the information given to the human brain is processed, analyzed, and put in order with the help of it. The brain is the most complex part of the human body that people study to this day. And most importantly, almost always, its new possibilities are revealed. For centuries, scientists in various fields have studied what the human left brain is responsible for, and there are always some new discoveries.

Is it true that the left hemisphere is responsible for logic?

The left hemisphere is actually responsible for logical thinking. Many famous people who have a slightly more developed left side are very erudite and achieve great success in life. Although, in fact, statistics indicate that in most people this side of the brain is developed to a greater extent. But each person has an individual level of brain development.

Speech skill also depends on it, because the left hemisphere is also responsible for. People with a poorly developed left hemisphere are considered underdeveloped, they have practically zero memory and sometimes they are assigned some mentally retarded diseases. The most important advantage of the human brain is that it can be constantly developed.

I am glad to welcome you, dear readers of my blog! As promised in the previous article, today we will consider what the right hemisphere of the brain is responsible for. I also want to offer an integrated approach to develop both halves. Then you will be successful in any activity, and also learn how to skillfully manage your hands, moreover, perform various functions at the same time.

Functions

The right hemisphere is responsible for our creative part, that is, the ability to fantasize, process information that comes in the form of images, symbols.

Helps to recognize non-verbal manifestations of a person, which, as you know, are very important in the process of communication, since body signals are true and truthful. It is thanks to this part of the brain that we can consider any situation from different angles, giving an objective assessment and, in general, capturing many nuances at the same time, managing to process and systematize them.

A person who has more developed logic does not understand jokes and takes everything literally. On the contrary, a creative person in this regard is very plastic, thinking with the help of metaphors. She is able to write poetry, music, draw and understand people well because she is intuitive and sensitive. He is well oriented in the area, again - thanks to the ability to approach problem solving in a non-standard way, putting puzzles into one picture in his imagination.

Of course, if you raise your left arm or leg up, this means that the opposite hemisphere has joined in the work, since the left side of your body obeys it. It is generally accepted that the orientation of a person with a dominant right half is directed to the environment, that is, outward and is called extraversion.

He is more sociable, prone to emotions and momentary impulses. It does not act according to a clear plan, but based on the situation, adjusting to changing conditions. To find out which half of your brain is more developed, you can experiment by completing the tasks outlined for the left hemisphere of the brain.

Exercises

So, in order to pump up your creative part, you should visit exhibitions, museums, art galleries, and, of course, try yourself in writing poems, stories, practice drawing, even if it is abstract and understandable only to you. Dancing helps to coordinate movements, which also has a positive effect on development.
Start practicing visualization techniques that will help you achieve your goals faster, as well as help develop the ability to fantasize and dream. This is easy to do, just study for a start, where I talk in detail about all the nuances of the practice.
Meditation is not easy for people who have well developed logical thinking, but it is very effective for them. And not only to expand the boundaries of consciousness, the ability to move away from a clear structure and think in volume, but also to improve the quality of life and health. Start with the simplest meditation focused on breathing and the ability to concentrate. You will find detailed instructions.
Massage your left ear, this will help activate the right side of the brain. Suitable in cases where it is necessary to creatively approach the solution of any issue, rely on your intuition.
Creativity is not limited to drawing and poetry, read jokes and watch humorous programs, laughter will not only activate the brain, but also improve well-being, preventing the onset of depression. Besides, do you know that people who use humor and sarcasm in their speech have a high level of intelligence?
When listening to music, try to listen to your feelings, breathing. Let images, associations and pictures swirl freely in your head, do not control them by trying to get rid of them. Just watch them, like an involuntary spectator of the performance, which was organized by your consciousness and subconsciousness.

An integrated approach to the development of both halves of the brain

As I said, it is important to coordinate the work of both halves in order to expand their capabilities and the functions for which they are responsible. Then a creative approach to solving even the most complex tasks will be provided to you, as well as the speed and efficiency of information processing will increase.

Sit comfortably with a straight back, choose a point in front of you, you will have to concentrate on it. After about a minute, try with your peripheral vision, without taking your eyes off the chosen point, to consider what is to your left, and then to your right.
With one hand, stroke your stomach, and with the other, perform tapping movements on your head. Slow at first to adjust, then pick up the pace over time.
Also, the development of both hemispheres will provide you with such a task: put the finger of one hand on the tip of your nose, and with the other hand, grab the ear opposite to it. For example, the left ear should be taken by the right hand. As soon as you take hold, clap your hands and do the same, changing the position of your hands. That is, the fingers of a completely different hand touch the nose, exactly the same scheme with the ears.
Extend your arms in front of you, draw one of them in the air, for example, a square, and the other a circle. When you feel that there are successes, come up with new figures to master.

Conclusion

Do the exercises, and over time you will notice how easier it has become to make decisions and do your usual work, communicate with people and so on. You can periodically check the level of intelligence, how much it rises and changes. You can learn more about this from the article.

The cerebral hemispheres are the most massive part of the brain. They cover the cerebellum and brainstem. The cerebral hemispheres make up approximately 78% of the total mass of the brain. In the process of ontogenetic development of the organism, the cerebral hemispheres develop from the terminal cerebral bladder of the neural tube, therefore this part of the brain is also called the telencephalon.

In fact, experiments have shown that administering stress hormones to people immediately after they learn something increases their retention when they are tested two weeks later. The hippocampus is located deep in the temporal lobe and is shaped like a seahorse. It consists of two horns curving from the tonsil. Psychologists and neurobiotics dispute the exact role of the hippocampus, but generally agree that it plays an important role in the formation of new memories of the past. Some researchers consider the hippocampus to be responsible for general declarative memory.

The hemispheres of the brain are the most massive part of the brain. They fill most of the cranial cavity. Outside, the hemispheres are gray, due to the accumulation of nerve cells. This layer is called the cerebral cortex. Under the cortex is located, which is a nerve conductor - processes of nerve cells. The longitudinal fissure of the brain separates from the right. The hemispheres are interconnected by adhesions, the main of which is the corpus callosum. The surface of each hemisphere is covered with a large number of furrows, between which the convolutions of the brain are located. In each hemisphere, the frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital lobes are distinguished. The surface of the cerebral cortex occupies 11/12 of the entire surface of the brain, with approximately 30% falling on the frontal lobes. In the process of evolution, the human cerebral cortex has received the highest development, with the frontal lobes being the most developed. The pyramidal system, which performs voluntary movements, also reaches its greatest development.

Damage to the hippocampus usually results in severe difficulty in forming new memories and may also affect access to memories formed before the injury. Although the retrograde effect usually extends several years before brain damage, in some cases old memories remain intact; this leads to the idea that over time the hippocampus becomes less important in memory storage.

Hippocampus: This image shows the horned hippocampus deep within the temporal lobe. Both the thalamus and the hypothalamus are associated with changes in emotional reactivity. The hypothalamus is a small part of the brain located just below the thalamus on either side of the third ventricle. Damage to the hypothalamus interferes with several unconscious functions and some so-called motivated behaviors such as sexuality, alertness, and hunger.

The corpus callosum is a large commissure of the brain that connects the gray matter of the cerebral hemispheres. It is located deep in the longitudinal fissure of the brain. White fibers extend from the white matter of the cerebral hemispheres. These fibers radiate to all lobes of the brain.

At the base of the white matter of the cerebral hemispheres lie functionally very important gray matter nuclei - the caudate nucleus, the lentiform nucleus, the optic tubercle, etc. At certain stages of evolutionary development, these formations were higher motor (caudate and lenticular nuclei) and sensitive (optic tubercle ) centers. However, with the development of the cerebral cortex, they moved into a subordinate relationship to it. The caudate and lenticular nuclei, together with some other formations of the nervous system, made up the so-called extrapyramidal system - a system for providing, or servicing, movements. The main motor system was the pyramidal system, which is closely connected with the cerebral cortex.

The lateral parts of the hypothalamus seem to be associated with pleasure and rage, while the medial part is associated with disgust, displeasure, and a tendency to uncontrollable and loud laughter. The dentate gyrus is located on the medial side of the brain next to the corpus callosum. There is still much to be learned about this gyrus, but its frontal part is known to associate smells and sights with pleasant memories of previous emotions. This region is also involved in our emotional response to pain and in the regulation of aggressive behavior.

With the development of the cerebral cortex, the visual hillock became the subcortical center of all types of sensitivity. All conductors of sensitivity going to the cortex converge in it. The visual tubercle is the main collector of sensitivity, therefore it plays an important role in the formation of sensations, emotions, urges.

The hypothalamic region of the brain is of great importance. It is a regulator of the internal processes of the body, all types of metabolism and heat transfer of the body.

The basal ganglia are a group of nuclei deep in the subcortical white matter of the frontal lobes that organize motor behavior. The basal ganglia appear to serve as a gating mechanism for physical movements, inhibiting potential movements until they are fully appropriate for the circumstances in which they are to be performed. Rule-based skills training; inhibition of unwanted movements and resolution of desired ones; choosing from possible actions; motor planning; sequencing; intelligent control; working memory; Attention. Explain how neuroplasticity occurs.

Between the nuclei of the base of the cerebral hemispheres is a narrow strip of white matter - the inner capsule. All the conductors going to the cerebral cortex and from the cortex to the underlying parts of the brain pass through it.

From below, the brain stem adjoins the cerebral hemispheres, which has the following sections: the legs of the brain with the quadrigemina, the bridge of the brain with the cerebellum, the medulla oblongata. The brainstem contains the nuclei of gray matter and nerve conductors that run in an ascending direction - from the spinal cord and lower sections of the brainstem to the cerebral cortex - and in a downward direction - from the cerebral cortex to the underlying sections of the brain and spinal cord. The nuclei of gray matter, incorporated in the brain stem, are of great functional importance. Some of them (red nuclei, black substance in the legs of the brain, olives in the medulla oblongata, etc.) belong to the extrapyramidal system and are related to the implementation of movements, others are important sensitive formations. In the brain stem there are also nuclei of cranial nerves that carry out motor, sensory and autonomic innervation in the head region.

"Neuroplasticity" refers to changes in neural pathways and synapses that result from changes in behavior, environmental and neural processes, and changes caused by bodily injury. Neuroplasticity has replaced the previously held theory that the brain is a physiologically static organ and explores how the brain changes throughout life. Neuroplasticity occurs at various levels, ranging from minute cell changes resulting from learning to large-scale cortical misalignment in response to injury. Synaptic pruning or apoptosis is a programmed cell death of neurons that occurs during early childhood and adolescence. Pruning strengthens important connections and eliminates weaker ones, creating a more efficient neural connection. Neuron: a cell in the nervous system that conducts nerve impulses; consisting of an axon and several dendrites. Neurons are connected by synapses. plastic: Moldable; flexible, flexible, plated. synapse: connection between the terminal of a neuron and another neuron or muscle or gland cell, through which nerve impulses travel. apoptosis: the process of programmed cell death. The brain is constantly adapting throughout life, albeit sometimes at critical, genetically determined times.

An important component of the brain stem is a mesh formation (reticular formation), which serves as a kind of energy collector that activates the cerebral cortex. Both activating and inhibitory influences of ascending and descending directions come from the reticular formation. Vital centers are located in the brain stem: respiration, vascular-motor, emetic, cough, etc. They are closely related to the reticular formation.

Neuroplasticity is the ability of the brain to create new neural pathways based on new experiences. This refers to changes in neural pathways and synapses that result from changes in behavior, environmental and neural processes, and changes caused by bodily injury.

The role of neuroplasticity is widely recognized in healthy development, learning, memory, and recovery from brain damage. For much of the 20th century, the consensus among neuroscientists was that brain structure is relatively unchanged after a critical period in early childhood. It is true that the brain is especially "plastic" during the critical period of childhood, with new neural connections constantly being formed.

At the bottom, the brain stem without a sharp border passes into the spinal cord. The gray matter of the spinal cord, which has a butterfly shape in section, consists of anterior and posterior horns. The anterior horns contain peripheral motor neurons. Numerous information comes to them about making movements from the cerebral cortex, subcortical formations, and the brain stem. In the posterior horns there are sensory neurons, from the processes of which sensory pathways leading to the brain are formed. In the white matter of the spinal cord are the nerve conductors of the ascending and descending directions.

However, recent data show that many aspects of the brain remain plastic even into adulthood. Plasticity can be demonstrated in virtually any form of learning. In order to remember experiences, the circuitry of the brain must change. Learning occurs when there is either a change in the internal structure of neurons or an increased number of synapses between neurons.

A surprising consequence of neuroplasticity is that the brain activity associated with a given function can move to a different location; this may be the result of ordinary experience, and also occurs in the process of recovery from a traumatic brain injury. In fact, neuroplasticity is the basis of targeted experimental therapeutic programs in rehabilitation after traumatic brain injury. For example, after a person is blinded in one eye, the part of the brain associated with processing input from that eye doesn't just sit idle; it takes on new functions, perhaps processing visual input from the remaining eye, or doing something entirely different.

The brain in the cranial cavity and the spinal cord in the spinal canal are covered with membranes. There are three of them: outer - hard, inner - soft, middle - cobweb. Their functional role is to protect the brain from mechanical damage and concussions. Between the arachnoid and soft shells there is a slit-like cavity - a subarachnoid space filled with liquid.

This is because while certain parts of the brain have a typical function, the brain can be "rewritten" - all because of plasticity. "Synaptic pruning" refers to neurological regulatory processes that facilitate changes in neural structure by reducing the total number of neurons and synapses, leaving more efficient synaptic configurations. Because the infant's brain has such a large capacity for growth, it must eventually be trimmed to remove unnecessary neural structures from the brain.

This pruning process is called apoptosis or programmed cell death. As the human brain develops, the need for more complex neural associations becomes much more relevant, and the simpler associations formed in childhood are replaced by more complex interconnected structures.

Fluid circulates through the system of cerebral ventricles and subarachnoid space. The cerebral ventricles are cavities within the brain filled with cerebrospinal fluid. In the brain are the lateral ventricles connected to the centrally located third ventricle. The III ventricle is connected through a narrow canal - the aqueduct of the brain - with the IV ventricle, which is located in the region of the brain stem and is connected to the subarachnoid space through special openings. Cerebrospinal fluid serves as an additional mechanical protection of the brain from shocks and concussions; in addition, it is related to metabolic processes in the brain.

Pruning removes axons from synaptic junctions that are not functionally fit. This process strengthens important connections and eliminates weaker ones, creating a more efficient neural connection. Typically, the number of neurons in the cerebral cortex increases until adolescence. Apoptosis occurs in early childhood and adolescence, after which there is a decrease in the number of synapses. Approximately 50% of neurons present at birth do not survive to adulthood. The selection of pruned neurons follows the "use it or lose it" principle, which means that synapses that are frequently used have strong connections, while rarely used synapses are eliminated.

The blood supply to the brain and spinal cord has its own characteristics compared to other organs. These features are associated with the great functional importance of the brain. The blood supply to the brain is carried out by the internal carotid and vertebral arteries. Due to the connection between the individual branches of these arteries, two arterial circles are formed at the base of the brain and in the region of the brain stem, which is important for the normal blood circulation of the brain under conditions of physiological stress and in violation of cerebral circulation.

Neuron Growth: Neurons grow during adolescence and then are trimmed based on the most popular connections. Synaptic pruning is different from the regressive events seen in old age. Although developmental pruning is experience dependent, the deteriorating associations that occur with old age are not. Synaptic pruning is like carving a statue: getting a rock-free stone into its best shape. Once the statue is completed, the weather will begin to destroy the statue, which represents the lost connections that come with old age.

The cerebral cortex is the youngest evolutionary formation of the central nervous system. In humans, it reaches its highest development. The cerebral cortex is of great importance in the regulation of the vital activity of the body, in the implementation of complex forms of behavior and the formation of neuropsychic functions.

Under the cortex is the white matter of the hemispheres, it consists of processes of nerve cells - conductors. Due to the formation of the cerebral convolutions, the total surface of the cerebral cortex increases significantly. The total area of the hemispheric cortex is 1200 cm 2, with 2/3 of its surface located in the depths of the furrows, and 1/3 on the visible surface of the hemispheres.

The complex human brain controls who we are: how we think, feel and act. The brain also controls all the basic functions of the body. The brain is housed in the skull, which protects it from injury. By averaging a pound at birth, the brain grows to about three pounds by adulthood. The brain, along with the spinal cord, is an essential component of the central nervous system.

There are two types of cells in the brain. Neurons send and receive signals from your brain and from your entire body. Glial cells, sometimes called neuroglia or glia, form myelin, a fatty insulating layer around nerve fibers. Cells maintain stability and provide nutrition and support.

Specialization of the cerebral hemispheres

In 1881, the biopsychologist Roger Sperry (1914-1994) was awarded the Nobel Prize for his work on the study of specific possibilities. cerebral hemispheres. Sperry and others have shown that right and left hemispheres demonstrate various possibilities in tests of verbal, perceptual, musical and other abilities.

Each part of the brain performs a specific function and is connected to other parts of the brain. Between the skull and the brain are three layers of tissue called brains. The strong, outermost layer is called the dura mater. The middle layer, the arachnoid mater, is a thin membrane of blood vessels and elastic tissue. Piama is the innermost layer, with blood vessels that reach deep into the brain.

Parts and functions of the brain

The cerem, or , forms the bulk of the brain and is divided into two halves. The left hemisphere is largely responsible for language. important for interpreting visual cues and spatial processing. The cerebra controls coordination, temperature, vision, sound, reasoning, learning, and emotions.

How can you test only one side of the brain?

One way is to study people who have had split-brain surgery. In this rare surgery, the corpus callosum is cut open to treat severe epilepsy. As a result, we get a person who, in essence, has two brains inside one body. After surgery, the question is only to send information either to one hemisphere or to the other.

The space between the two hemispheres is called the large longitudinal fissure. The body corpus callosum connects both sides and transmits signals from one side of the brain to the other. The brain has billions of neurons and glia that make up the cerebral cortex, its outer layer. This is commonly known as gray matter. The connecting fibers between neurons under the surface of the brain are called white matter.

The cerebellum, or hindbrain, processes fine motor movements, balance, and posture. It helps us to perform fast and repetitive movements. The brain stem lies in front of the cerebellum and is connected to the spinal cord. Its job is to relay signals between the cerebral cortex and the rest of the body. It helps to control our main functions and consists of three parts.

"Split Brain"

Separation of the hemispheres doubles consciousness. Sperry said: "In other words, each hemisphere seems to have its own independent and particular sensations, its own perceptions, its own concepts and its own stimuli."

How does a split-brain person function after surgery?

Having two "brains" in one body can create a serious dilemma. When one split-brain patient was dressing, he would sometimes pull his pants down with one hand and pull them up with the other. One day this patient grabbed his wife with his left hand and shook her violently. His right hand gallantly came to the aid of the woman and intercepted the militant left hand. Although such conflicts can occur, it is much more common for split-brain patients to behave completely normally. The reason for this is that both halves of the brain have almost the same experience at the same point in time. Also, if a conflict arises, one half usually takes over the other.

The brain-split effects are most easily observed during special tests. For example, we can highlight the dollar symbol by aiming it at the right side of the brain of a patient named Tom. And send the image of a question mark to the left half of his brain. Next, Tom is asked to draw what he sees using his left hand blindly. The left hand draws the dollar symbol. If Tom is then asked to point with his right hand to a picture of what his "invisible" left hand has drawn, he will point to a question mark. In short, in a split-brained person, one hemisphere may not know what is happening in the other. This is an extreme case of the situation when "the right hand does not rise, what does the left

The difference between the left and right hemispheres of the brain

The functions of the brain are divided in a remarkable way. For example, approximately 95% of all adults use the left hemisphere in language (speaking, writing and understanding). In addition, the left hemisphere is superior in mathematics, in determining time and rhythm, and in coordinating the order of complex movements, such as those required for speech.

In contrast, the right hemisphere responds only to the simplest language and counting. Working with the right side of the brain is like talking to a child who understands only a dozen words. To answer questions, the right hemisphere must use non-verbal responses, such as pointing at objects with the hand.

Although the right side of the brain is weak in language, it has its own talents, primarily perceptual skills. During the test, the right hemisphere is better at recognizing patterns, faces and melodies, solving design problems or drawing a picture. It is also involved in the recognition and expression of EMOTIONS.

What are the cerebral hemispheres responsible for?

Left hemisphere

■ Feeling the time

■ Letter

■ Ordering

■ Counting complex movements

Right hemisphere

■ Nonverbal

■ Recognition of ability and expression of emotions

■ Perceptual Skills

■ Spatial

■ Submission skills

■ pattern recognition,

■ Understanding faces, elementary language melodies

One brain, two styles

In general, the left hemisphere is involved mainly in analysis. It also processes information sequentially. The right hemisphere seems to process information simultaneously and holistically.

Summing up one more result, we can say that the right hemisphere is better able to collect the individual elements of the surrounding world into a coherent picture; it sees whole patterns and general relationships. The left brain focuses on small details.

The right brain looks at the world with a wide panoramic view; the left one sees individual details in close-up. The focus of attention of the left brain is local, while that of the right brain is global.

Do people solve constructive problems and make drawings, as a rule, only with the help of the right hemisphere? Do they perform other activities with only the left hemisphere?

No. It is true that some tasks require the predominant use of one hemisphere or the other, but at any given time the entire brain is active. Only the balance of activity between the hemispheres changes. Normally, people do not think with only one of the hemispheres. For most "real world" tasks, the hemispheres share the work among themselves. Each does what it does best and shares information with the other side. This is why popular courses that claim to teach right-handed thinking ignore the fact that everyone already uses their right brain when thinking. The ability to do something well requires talent and the ability to process information with both hemispheres. Reasonable can be called a brain that simultaneously grasps both individual details and the big picture.

Kuhn "All the secrets of human behavior"