Fungus in the throat is a fairly common disease caused by the activity of yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida, and in more rare cases, molds of the genus Aspergillus. Mycosis of any localization is a real problem that should be solved very quickly. The launched pathological process is very difficult and difficult to stop, and sometimes impossible.
The mass spread of fungal infection is currently due to the frequent use of antibacterial drugs, which not only treat the underlying disease, but also reduce the overall resistance of the body, and also promote the growth and development of fungal microflora.
Fungus in the throat is found in men much more often than in women. First it develops, and then the infection descends and passes to the mucous membrane of the pharynx and larynx. Clinically, the pathology is manifested by unpleasant sensations in the mouth, dryness,. There have been cases when the fungus in the throat was asymptomatic and went unnoticed.
In persons suffering chronic diseases of the ear, throat or nose, the fungus settles most often. The causative agents of pathology are both pathogenic fungi and normal inhabitants of the human body. Under the influence of unfavorable external and internal factors, the normal quantitative ratio of microorganisms living in the oral cavity and pharynx is disturbed, dysbacteriosis develops, and then candidiasis.
Etiology
The fungus in the throat in most cases is candidiasis, affecting the mucous membrane of the laryngopharynx. Mushrooms of the genus Candida are yeast-like microorganisms that live in a certain amount in various areas of the human body. The decrease in overall resistance caused by long-term antibiotic therapy disrupts the balance of local microflora and contributes to the development of pathology.
fungus of the genus Candida in the laboratory
The list of causes and factors contributing to the development of a fungal infection in the throat is quite wide:
- Endocrine pathologies - diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, adrenal hyperfunction;
- Congenital and acquired immunodeficiency;
- Intestinal dysbacteriosis, gastrointestinal dysfunction;
- Malignant neoplasms;
- metabolic disorders;
- Wearing dentures, caries;
- Inhaled use of corticosteroids;
- blood diseases;
- Hypovitaminosis;
- Childhood, prematurity in infants;
- Inadequate treatment of ENT organs;
- Long-term use of cytostatics and hormones - oral contraceptives;
- Organ and tissue transplantation;
- Invasive diagnostic and therapeutic procedures;
- Prolonged and improper use of local antiseptics - sprays, lozenges, lozenges;
- The period of menopause in women;
- Microtrauma of the mucous membrane of the throat;
- Inhalation of air polluted with dust, vapors of acids and alkalis;
- Smoking;
- Eating hot food and strong alcohol;
- Reflux esophagitis.
The most common fungal infection is candidiasis. This is an opportunistic infection that occurs in various clinical forms and manifests itself in the form of superficial mycosis with damage to the mucous membrane of the pharynx and larynx. Mushrooms belonging to this genus are large yeast-like cells of a round, ellipsoid or oval shape.
Candida - aerobic microorganisms cultivated at temperatures from 22 to 37 degrees. They grow well on liquid and solid nutrient media: Sabouraud, agar with the addition of wort, glucose, as well as selective commercial media: Candiselect and chromoagar. To prevent the growth of accompanying microflora, antibiotics and anti-mold substances are added to the nutrient media. To study the biochemical properties of candida, Hiss media with sugars are used.
Mushrooms of the genus Candida are sensitive to high temperature and pressure, ultraviolet and sunlight, chlorine-containing disinfectants, phenol, acids, dyes, alcohol and mercury. Candida is ubiquitous and found in the human body, in environmental objects, in medical institutions, hairdressers, baths, and children's institutions.
The infection is transmitted from sick people to healthy contact-household, alimentary and airborne droplets. through contaminated food, kisses, common utensils. Recently, there has been a vertical transmission of the pathogen from an infected mother to a fetus or newborn child. Nosocomial infection with candidiasis is possible through the hands of medical staff, catheters, contaminated solutions, and instruments.
In addition to the main clinical forms, there is a healthy carriage of candida among adults and children. It is transient and permanent.
Inflammation of the throat of fungal etiology can occur not only in the form of candidiasis, but actinomycosis or leptotrichosis. With leptotrichosis, dense formations of gray or yellow color in the form of spikes appear on the mucous membrane of the pharynx, and with actinomycosis, tuberous infiltrates of a dark red color appear.
Symptoms
The main symptoms of a fungus in the throat:
- Pain in the throat, aggravated by swallowing,
- Hyperemia of the throat mucosa,
- oral hypersensitivity,
- White curdled discharge on the surface of the mucosa with candidiasis,
- Yellow plaque on the tongue and posterior pharyngeal wall in the presence of mold fungi,
- Cracks, blisters, small sores and erosions in the throat,
- Swelling of the nasopharynx and tonsils,
- Intoxication - fever, weakness, loss of appetite.
A curdled coating on the mucous membrane is a hallmark of a fungus in the throat. Allocations accumulate and rise above the surface of the tonsils, posterior pharyngeal wall, tongue, palatine arches. White dots and grains are clearly visible on the bright red inflamed mucous membrane. Allocations may take the form of films or plaques, prone to fusion. Plaque is removed with great difficulty, and erosion and ulcers form under it. In the absence of timely and adequate treatment, the infection spreads lower and affects the esophagus, organs of the respiratory and digestive systems.
In a child, the clinical manifestations of candidiasis are much more pronounced. Intoxication and sore throat predominate. After removing plaque on the mucous membrane, wounds are formed, from which droplets of blood are released.
With the involvement of the palatine, pharyngeal or lingual tonsils in the infectious process, fungal tonsillitis develops. The pharyngeal ring turns red, covered with a white coating on top, spreading to the cheeks and tongue. At the same time, clinical signs are expressed slightly. Acute pain and intoxication are often absent. Patients experience discomfort and discomfort in the throat, malaise, headache, lymphadenitis. Children become moody and restless due to the presence of a sore throat.
Throat candidiasis is usually combined with candidal stomatitis, glossitis, cheilitis. A complication of the disease is secondary infection, leading to the formation of abscesses and abscesses. In immunocompromised individuals, generalization of infection with the development of sepsis is possible.
Diagnostics
Diagnosis of the disease consists in identifying clinical symptoms, examining the patient and studying the results of additional studies.
Laboratory diagnostics is the main and most informative diagnostic method, which consists in isolating the pathogen and determining sensitivity to antimycotic drugs.
The choice of research method is determined by the localization of the focus of inflammation and the nature of the lesion.
The material for the study is scraping or washing from the mucous membrane of the pharynx, larynx, tonsils, sputum, purulent discharge of the upper respiratory tract.
Treatment
Treatment of fungal tonsillitis is aimed at eliminating the main etiological factor of the disease, restoring the microflora of the body, and strengthening the immune system.
traditional medicine
Etiotropic therapy of candida in the throat consists in the use of antifungal agents in the form of tablets "Fl Uconazole, Intraconosol, Ketoconazole, Amphotericin, Clotrimazole, Nystatin.
The choice of antifungal drug depends on a number of factors:
- The type of pathogen
- The clinical form of the disease
- The patient's condition
- The age of the patient
- The sensitivity of the microbe to antimycotic agents,
- Presence of immunosuppression.
Anfungal therapy continued for 14 days after the disappearance of all symptoms of pathology and the absence of candida in the material from the lesion.
To speed up the process of treatment and strengthen the protective properties of the body will help B vitamins in injections.
To strengthen the immune system, patients are prescribed immunostimulants and immunomodulators - "Immunal", "Ismigen", "Cycloferon".
Local treatment includes the use of antiseptics in the form of aerosols and solutions - " Miramistin", "Fukortsina", "Brilliant Green". Drops in the mouth of children "Nizoral", "Pimafucin".
Drug treatment of fungal tonsillitis is supplemented with physiotherapy - ultraviolet irradiation of the sky and tonsils.
ethnoscience
Traditional medicine complements the main treatment, but does not replace it. You can use any folk remedy only after consulting a specialist.
- Gargle with infusion of a golden mustache, oak bark, garlic or celandine, soda solution.
- Chamomile, sage, St. John's wort, calendula have anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. For gargling, decoctions of these herbs are used.
- An agent consisting of lemon juice and a golden mustache is instilled into the nose. This composition destroys the fungus in the nose and nasopharynx.
- Inhale vapors of fir and eucalyptus oils.
- Tea tree oil is added to rinse solutions.
- With candidal tonsillitis, mouth rinses use an infusion of Kalanchoe and propolis, as well as diluted apple cider vinegar.
Prevention
To prevent a fungal infection, you must:
Video: fungus, fungal infections - Dr. Komarovsky
It is necessary to visit a gynecologist every six months. This will keep women's health under control and timely identify diseases. The simplest and most affordable research method in gynecology is taking a gynecological smear.
Deciphering such an analysis will allow the doctor to see changes in the female reproductive system that are not visible during an external examination.
- Taking a smear is an absolutely painless procedure and takes only a couple of minutes. It does not pose a health hazard, it can be carried out even in pregnant women.
When should you take a smear for flora?
Deciphering the analysis of the smear on the flora can tell the gynecologist about the presence of genital infections, inflammation, hormonal disorders in the woman's body.
A smear on the flora (gynecological smear) is mandatory if a woman complains of the following nature:
- Discharge of an unusual color from the genital tract.
- Abdominal pain at rest or during sexual intercourse.
- Feeling of itching and burning in the genital area.
- The appearance of an unpleasant odor in the discharge.
Smears are also taken during preventive examinations.
Interpretation of smear results
With the help of letters, the doctor marks the place where the smear is taken. The letters of the Latin alphabet are usually used: V, C, U.
Swabs are taken from three points: the vagina (V-vagina), the cervix (C-cervix) and the urethra (U-uretra).
In deciphering a smear on the flora in women, you can find the strange word "cocci". Cocci are microorganisms that have a rounded shape. This is a group of conditionally pathogenic organisms that are constantly present in the body.
However, they must be in a certain amount. As soon as their number exceeds the permissible, cocci can cause unpleasant symptoms due to inflammation. In gynecology, this condition is called nonspecific colpitis.
Cocci are divided into two groups: Gram-positive and Gram-negative. This division has an important diagnostic value in determining the pathogenicity of a microorganism that has settled in the vagina.
Coccal flora in a smear, gr.+ or gr.- cocci
smear on the flora of cocci bacillus
The division of microbes into gram-negative and gram-positive appeared in microbiology after a Danish scientist by the name of Gram revealed the ability of microorganisms to stain in different colors, depending on the degree of their resistance to antibiotics.
When staining the preparations, a special dye of dark blue or violet color was used. The scientist noticed that some microbes are colored blue, while others are pink, although the dye is the same.
After careful research, it was found that pink or crimson-colored microbes are less sensitive to antibiotics. In order for them to die, considerable efforts should be made.
Microorganisms that stained well in blue were called gram-positive (gram +), and those that remained pink - gram-negative (gram-).
The pale coloration and resistance to antibacterial drugs was explained simply: these bacteria had a thicker shell. The structure of the wall has a more complex structure than that of gram (+) cocci, which means that it is much more difficult for a dye or an antibiotic to penetrate into its layers.
For a gynecologist, this separation is important. Detection of gram (+) cocci in a smear is allowed. These microorganisms include staphylococcus and streptococcus, which may be present in the vagina of a healthy woman.
Gram(-) cocci can cause disease. The most common representatives of this group in gynecology are gonococci, the causative agents of gonorrhea.
What are Dederlein sticks?
An obligatory element of women's health is the rod flora in the vagina. Dederlein sticks is a generalized name that combines large and immobile gram-positive rods that provide the normal microflora of the female genital organs.
They can be found under the name lactobacilli or gram-positive rods.
Dederlein sticks play an important role in a woman's life:
- They help maintain an acidic environment in the vagina, which ensures careful selection of spermatozoa during fertilization.
- As you know, spermatozoa do not live long in an acidic environment. Therefore, inferior, weakened male cells are the first to die, which allows only the strongest and most enduring to reach the goal.
- Suppress the development of pathogenic microorganisms through the activation of macrophages.
- They secrete hydrogen peroxide - helps to "keep clean" in the vagina.
In a smear of a healthy woman, Dederlein sticks should be in large quantities. A decrease in their number indicates possible problems with women's health.
What is leptotrix in a smear?
Leptotrix is an opportunistic pathogen. It is a gram (+) anaerobic bacillus that inhabits water bodies. Under the microscope, leptothrix looks like a hair - a long and thin stick.
It is believed that leptotrixes are not sexually transmitted, and their presence in a smear is not a cause for concern if no other abnormalities are found.
A feature of these bacteria is that they often accompany other pathogenic microorganisms - Trichomonas and Chlamydia. In this case, the doctor will prescribe medications to treat several pathogens at once.
If leptotrixes are detected during pregnancy planning, treatment is mandatory. It was revealed that they can cause miscarriages, cause inflammation in the membranes, and infect the child.
smear analysis
After receiving the results of the tests, it is sometimes very difficult to understand the numbers and letters written by the doctor. In fact, everything is not so difficult. In order to understand whether you have gynecological diseases, you need to know the norm indicators when deciphering the smear analysis for flora. There are few of them.
In the analysis of a smear in an adult woman, the normal indicators are as follows:
- Squamous epithelium (pl.ep.) - normally, its amount should be within fifteen cells in the field of view. If the figure is higher, then this is evidence of inflammatory diseases. If less - a sign of hormonal disorders.
- Leukocytes (L) - these cells are allowed, as they help fight infection. The number of leukocytes in the vagina and urethra is not more than ten, and in the cervical region - up to thirty.
- Dederlein sticks - a healthy woman should have a lot of them. A small number of lactobacilli indicates a disturbed vaginal microflora.
- Mucus - should be present, but only in small quantities.
The presence in the results of the analysis of fungi of the genus Candida, small rods, gram (-) cocci, Trichomonas, gonococci and other microorganisms indicates the presence of the disease and requires a deeper study and treatment.
Table for decoding the smear norm in women (flora)
| Indicator | Values of normal indicators | ||
| Vagina (V) | Cervical canal (C) | Urethra (U) | |
| Leukocytes | 0-10 | 0-30 | 0-5 |
| Epithelium | 5-10 | 5-10 | 5-10 |
| Slime | Moderately | Moderately | |
| Gonococci(Gn) | No | No | No |
| Trichomonas | No | No | No |
| key cells | No | No | No |
| Candida (yeast) | No | No | No |
| Microflora | A large number of Gram + sticks (Dederlein sticks) | No | No |
Degrees of purity of the vagina
Often the doctor writes out a referral for a smear analysis for purity. With this method, the "degree of purity" of the vagina is revealed. There are four in total. Only the first and second degrees are normal, the third and fourth degrees signal the presence of diseases of the genital tract.
1 degree - an ideal option, which, unfortunately, is rare. Leukocytes in the smear do not exceed the permissible limits. The flora is represented by a large number of Dederlein sticks, mucus and desquamated epithelial cells in a small amount.
2 degree - The most common variant of the norm, in which leukocytes are within the normal range, mucus and epithelium in a moderate amount. A small amount of cocci or Candida fungi appears, lactobacilli in large quantities.
3 degree - a large amount of mucus and epithelial cells is determined in the smear. There are few useful lactobacilli, instead there is an increased number of Candida fungi and pathogenic microbes.
4 degree - there are so many leukocytes that the doctor describes them with the term "completely." A very large number of pathogens. Dederlein's sticks are absent. Mucus and epithelium in large quantities.
The first and second degrees do not require treatment, and the last two degrees indicate an inflammatory process caused by a particular pathogen and require urgent therapy.
Smear on flora during pregnancy
For the entire period of pregnancy, it is done three times, during screening examinations: at the time of registration, at the 30th week and before the expected date of birth.
The analysis is carried out in order to prevent diseases of the genital area, which can complicate childbirth or cause diseases in the newborn.
The indicators of a smear of a pregnant woman differ from those of a non-pregnant woman in the quantitative composition of the flora.
During the period of bearing a baby, the number of Dederlein sticks increases tenfold. This is necessary to maintain an acidic environment, which has a deadly effect on pathogenic microbes, protecting the fetus from infection.
The number of epithelial cells also increases. During pregnancy, they accumulate glycogen stores, which are used by lactobacilli as food.
Otherwise, there are no differences. The appearance of pathogenic microorganisms also requires treatment, only the methods of therapy are chosen more sparing (suppositories, tampons, ointments).
Mushrooms surround a person throughout life, and after it too. And there are a myriad of them, ranging from house mold to severe tropical fungal infections. But what unites everyone is the realization of the pathological process only in specific favorable conditions. And whether this process has begun and how far it is running, you can find out by passing a blood test for a fungus in the body. What kind of analysis - let's figure it out!
The etiological factor is fungi, saprophytes and absolute pathogens. The first group exists in the human body in an amount of up to 3 logarithms and normally does not bring discomfort. The second group includes fungi of the surrounding world, which, if they enter the macroorganism, can cause illness.
Infection is realized in the following ways:
- from objects of the environment;
- from animals;
- from a person;
- by activating its own conditionally pathogenic microflora.
When meeting with a fungus, not everyone can get sick. First of all:
- persons with reduced immunity;
- individuals with altered immunity.
If local protection is violated, dysbiosis develops (for example, of the vagina or oral cavity) and candidiasis develops against a pathological background.
With severe immunodeficiency caused by HIV, the use of cytostatics, oncological therapy, the fungal flora does not stop at the defeat of the dermis.
Severe visceral mycoses develop: 
- histoplasmosis;
- mucorosis, etc.
Chronic diseases deplete the immune system, and they also have a constant source of inflammation. We add here periodic courses of antibiotic therapy and we get ideal conditions for the development of a fungal infection.
Antibacterial drugs kill not only pathogenic bacteria, but also representatives of the normoflora. Fungi themselves are sensitive to a particular group of drugs. But on a sterile background, they grow beautifully, causing an inflammatory process.
Patients with diabetes are a tasty morsel for sweet tooth mushrooms. In addition to the impaired infectious resistance of the body, people with diabetes have permanently elevated blood sugar and changed the acidity of the environment.
Clinical picture
There are 5 types of fungal infections:
- dermatomycosis;
- candidiasis;
- systemic or visceral mycoses;
- pseudomycoses.
This disease causes skin lesions. The causative agents are a group of fungi - dermatophytes:
- favus;
- epidermophytosis;
- microscopy;
- trichophytosis.
Infection occurs through contact with soil, animals and a sick person. There are areas of hyperemia of a rounded shape, accompanied by itching. Subsequently, the spots are covered with a scab.
With dermatophytosis, the hair follicle is involved in the inflammatory process:
- it is destroyed;
- hair falls out;
- there are vesicles with cloudy purulent and hemorrhagic contents and crusts.
Inguinal ringworm manifests itself:
- pustular rashes;
- redness;
- peeling.
Keratomycosis
With multi-colored lichen, pink-coffee spots with scalloped outlines appear, subsequently covered with peeling.
These two groups genital infections are few, since each of them has only one pathology. Protozoan infections are diseases that are caused by microorganisms from the group of protozoa. Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by protozoa, caused by the microorganism Trichomonas vaginalis. Trichomoniasis is also called trichomoniasis or trichomonas colpitis, but they are all the same disease.The group of fungal infections includes diseases caused by pathogenic and opportunistic fungi. Pathogenic fungal microorganisms are never part of the microflora of the human body, and opportunistic pathogens are constantly present, but in small quantities. In this case, opportunistic fungi do not cause an infectious and inflammatory process, since other microorganisms do not give them this opportunity. In case of violation of the normal composition and ratio of microorganisms of the human microflora, opportunistic fungi provoke the development of mycoses - fungal infections. Sexual fungal infections include only one type of mycoses - candidiasis, which develops under the influence of the yeast fungus Candida albicans, Candida pseudotropicalis, Candida glabrata, Candida krusei, Candida parapsilosis. Candidiasis has a number of alternative names:
- urogenital candidiasis;
- vulvovaginal mycosis;
- urogenital mycosis;
- genital fungus.
Features of the existence of Trichomonas and fungi of the genus Candida in
body
Trichomonas
Since the microorganism belongs to the simplest, this means that it represents only one cell. The cell-organism Trichomonas has flagella. The shape of the cell resembles the appearance of an irregular pentagon. The length of Trichomonas is only 13-18 microns. This small, single-celled organism moves by active movements of the flagella and special wave-like movements of the cell wall. Wave-like contractions of the cell wall of Trichomonas are able to form special protrusions in the form of a small "leg", which are called "pseudopodia". Thanks to such pseudopodia, Trichomonas penetrates into the intercellular space, that is, it appears in the thickness of the tissue. Due to their habitat in the genitourinary tract, Trichomonas are resistant, they can hide from the drugs used. In this case, against the background of a significant improvement in symptoms, the person seems to have fully recovered. But this is not so, since there is a carriage and subsequent chronicization of inflammation. Also, the person is potentially infectious to other people.
Trichomonas, which causes a sexual infection, is able to live exclusively in the organs of the genitourinary tract. It is not capable of surviving in the external environment or other organs. This microorganism is very unstable, because it dies when the temperature rises to 45 o C, when exposed to the sun or open air. These properties allow you to effectively prevent infection with trichomoniasis, subject to the rules of hygiene and proper handling of things.
Candida
A yeast fungus of the genus Candida normally lives in the oral cavity, small intestine, genitals, urinary structures, esophagus and larynx. Today, almost 80% of people have a fungus of the genus Candida as part of the microflora of the genitourinary organs, but normally it does not cause any pathological processes. Candidiasis develops when other bacteria of the microflora die, as well as as a result of a strong decrease in the immune defense of the human body. Candida fungus is able to penetrate into the bloodstream and spread to various organs - the vagina, middle ear, nasal passages, etc.
Candida feed on carbohydrates, in particular glycogen, which is produced by the cells of the vaginal epithelium. When Candida fungi multiply, they "eat up" all the glycogen. As a result, the bacteria of the normal microflora of the vagina - Doderlein's sticks, do not have nutrients left, as a result of which they die. The death of Doderlein sticks leads to aggravation of microflora disorders, which enhances the inflammatory process.
Transmission routes
Let's consider possible options for contacts in which the transmission of Trichomonas or fungi of the genus Candida, which cause sexual infections, occurs.Trichomoniasis
This sexually transmitted infection is the most widespread in the world, and ranks first in frequency of occurrence among other sexually transmitted diseases. Trichomonas can be transmitted only through contact of a sick person with a healthy one. Most often this occurs during intercourse of the vaginal type, or with a combination of oral-vaginal intercourse. The possibility of contracting trichomoniasis is also great when using various erotic devices - costumes, dildos, etc. It has also been proven that there is a high probability of transfer of Trichomonas when the secret of the genital organs gets on the partner's fingers with subsequent drift into the genital tract.
However, Trichomonas can persist for some time in a humid and warm environment outside the human body, for example, on sponges or washcloths, on towels, soap dishes and other hygiene items that come into contact with the genitals. In such a situation, infection is possible through close household contact, when people are together and do not properly follow the rules of personal hygiene (use one towel, one sponge, etc.). Girls can become infected in this way, which, however, is quite rare.
Less commonly, Trichomonas is transmitted through direct contact with the blood of a sick person, with sperm or vaginal secretions.
Children can become infected with Trichomonas during pregnancy and childbirth from a sick mother. However, girls are at greater risk than boys.
Unfortunately, scientists were able to identify and prove the possibility of infection with trichomoniasis and indirectly, although this rarely happens. Basically, these are cases of infection in public toilets, swimming pools, restaurants, etc. Trichomonas can survive and infect a person in a place where it is not too hot, damp and dark. However, elementary rules of personal hygiene will protect against such a risk of infection with human Trichomonas.
Candidiasis
Candidiasis is not a sexually transmitted disease, but it can affect the urinary tract. The likelihood of infection with candida is high during oral-vaginal intercourse, or anal-vaginal intercourse, since these fungi are often part of the normal microflora of the oral cavity and intestines.Today, most people are infected with candida, but they do not cause any infections. In most cases, people become infected with candida during the first year of life, after which the microorganism becomes an opportunistic flora. The main way to become infected with candida is eating unwashed vegetables and fruits, contact with various surfaces that may contain fungi (for example, in hospitals, clinics, etc.). Because of this circumstance, it is more appropriate to consider the reasons why candida causes the development of a sexual infection.
Causes of candidiasis
So, the main factors that can lead to the development of candidiasis are the following:- too tight and tight panties;
- synthetic underwear;
- frequent use of gaskets;
- oral sex;
- period of pregnancy;
- therapy with various antibiotics, especially long or frequent courses;
- use of oral contraceptives with high doses of hormones (for example, Ovidon, Anteovin);
- taking steroid drugs (for example, Metyrapone, Desoxycorton, Fludrocortisone, Dexamethasone, Hydrocortisone, etc.);
- the use of vaginal diaphragms, intrauterine devices and spermicidal formulations to prevent pregnancy;
- state of secondary immunodeficiency after illness, surgery, stress, etc.;
Symptoms of candidiasis and trichomoniasis
In order to seek qualified help from a doctor in time, you need to know how these sexual infections manifest themselves - trichomoniasis and candidiasis. Therefore, consider the signs and clinical symptoms.Trichomoniasis
The infectious-inflammatory process can proceed acutely, subacutely or completely erased, without clear clinical symptoms. Acute trichomoniasis occurs with vivid clinical signs:
- deterioration of well-being;
- sleep disorders;
- the presence of abundant vaginal discharge, often frothy, with an unpleasant odor;
- itching of the external genital organs;
- urination disorders by the type of soreness or increased frequency of going to the toilet;
Subacute trichomoniasis is characterized by the presence of slight vaginal discharge against the background of a relatively normal state of health. In the erased form of trichomoniasis, there are no symptoms at all, so often such people consider themselves healthy.
Usually, after a week of acute trichomoniasis, the severity of its symptoms gradually decreases, and the disease becomes chronic. Cases of exacerbation with the appearance of clinical symptoms of an acute form are possible after sexual intercourse, alcohol libations, or as a result of ovarian pathology.
Chronic trichomoniasis is quite difficult to identify and cure. In this case, there is a combined infection, since Trichomonas literally attract chlamydia, ureaplasmas, mycoplasmas, gonococci, staphylococci, etc. Common infections with trichomonads and gonococci, mycoplasmas, candida, chlamydia, viruses and ureaplasmas are often detected. In this situation, the clinical symptoms are mild (eg, intermittent vaginal discharge, painful urination, frequent trips to the toilet).
Trichomonas can cause the following diseases:
- vulvitis;
- colpitis;
- vestibulitis;
- cystitis
Candidiasis
Candidiasis is manifested by clinical symptoms that a doctor can see, and some signs felt by a woman. The following symptoms are characteristic of candidiasis:
- vaginal discharge of a curdled nature in varying amounts (from scant to abundant);
- severe, unbearable itching in the area of the labia and vulva;
- burning sensation of the external genitalia;
- itching increases after taking a bath or shower, sexual contact, walking;
- itching may increase during sleep, menstruation and after dinner;
- pain during intercourse;
- urination disorders such as pain or increased frequency of going to the toilet.
Tests to detect Candida and Trichomonas
At the current level of development of science and technology, trichomoniasis and candidiasis can be diagnosed quite accurately. Consider what tests you need to take to find out the presence or absence of candidiasis / trichomoniasis. Trichomoniasis
To identify trichomonas, a study of smears of vaginal contents, discharge of the urethra and rectum is used. Today, it is possible to examine a fresh smear using a special microscopy method, or a stained smear. In a fresh smear, Trichomonas are better seen, they are mobile, which allows the laboratory assistant to accurately distinguish dubious forms from epithelial cells. In a stained smear, Trichomonas are very similar to epithelial cells, and sometimes it is very difficult to distinguish them.In general, the following methods can be used to detect Trichomonas:
1.
Examination of a stained smear from the vagina, urethra or rectum (staining with methylene blue, or according to Romanovsky-Giemsa).
2.
Examination of an unstained fresh smear using phase contrast microscopy.
3.
Bacteriological seeding on the environment.
4.
Immunoassay - ELISA.
5.
Direct immunofluorescence reaction.
6.
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
The most accurate and sensitive methods are PCR and bacteriological inoculation on the medium, but they do not need to be used for primary infection, since smear microscopy or immunofluorescence reaction provide quite adequate diagnosis. PCR and sowing on the medium is recommended for chronic forms of trichomoniasis, which are difficult to detect and treat. A number of clinicians also prefer to monitor treatment with these precise and sensitive diagnostic methods.
Candidiasis
To identify fungi of the genus Candida, the following methods are used:1. Examination of smears of the discharge of the vagina, urethra and rectum;
2. Bacteriological seeding on the environment;
3. Serological reactions (agglutination reaction, complement fixation reaction, precipitation reaction);
4. Immunofluorescence reaction;
5. Linked immunosorbent assay;
6. polymerase chain reaction.
As the fastest methods, the examination of smears, which can be considered fresh, or Gram-stained, is commonly used. Some laboratories also perform immunofluorescence testing, which is fast and in the hands of a competent specialist is a serious method that allows you to determine the presence of candida with a high degree of accuracy. As a highly sensitive method, sowing on the medium is used, which also allows you to clarify which species and types of the fungus of the genus Candida are present, and to which antifungal drugs they are sensitive. PCR is also a very sensitive method, but it does not allow you to determine the sensitivity of the fungus to medications.
If it is impossible to take smears for any reason, they resort to setting up serological reactions, for which blood is taken from a vein.
Prevention principles
It is always better to prevent a disease than to cure it. To protect yourself as much as possible from the risk of infection with trichomoniasis and candidiasis, you need to know the principles for the prevention of these pathologies.Trichomoniasis
Since in most cases, trichomoniasis is transmitted through unprotected sex, it should be avoided in the first place.In general, the principles of prevention of trichomoniasis are based on the following rules:
1.
Have sex using protective methods (condoms).
2.
Lead a healthy lifestyle.
3.
Follow the rules of personal hygiene.
4.
Get checked regularly for sexually transmitted infections.
5.
Use only disposable devices and tools for various procedures and manipulations.
Candidiasis
Candidiasis is not sexually transmitted, but there are factors that predispose to the development of this disease. Thus, prevention is reduced to the maximum elimination of possible causes of the formation of candidiasis.So, in order to protect yourself from candidiasis as much as possible, you should adhere to the following rules:
1.
Use antibiotics only when needed.
2.
Do not use strong antibiotics to treat infections that can be treated with simpler drugs.
3.
Complete the course of antibiotic treatment.
4.
Use antifungal drugs while taking antibiotics.
5.
Regularly examine the immunogram and take immunomodulating agents.
6.
Do not abuse food rich in carbohydrates.
7.
Choose hormonal contraceptives taking into account all individual characteristics.
8.
Observe personal hygiene.
Principles of treatment
To get rid of genital infections, you should choose the right treatment. Consider the principles of adequate therapy for candidiasis and trichomoniasis.Trichomoniasis
For the treatment of trichomoniasis, special drugs are used that are effective against the corresponding microorganism. Remember that in order to successfully cure trichomoniasis, it is necessary to undergo a course of therapy for all sexual partners. For the duration of the course, everyone should stop drinking alcohol and sexual intercourse. In the treatment of trichomoniasis, local and systemic drugs are used, divided into first-line drugs and secondary ones. Usually, first-line drugs are highly effective against Trichomonas, but not always. When first-line drugs are not effective, or the patient cannot take them, they resort to prescribing secondary drugs.
In addition to antitrichomonas drugs, it is rational to use immunomodulatory drugs to improve the effect of therapy.
So, the means of the first row include:
- Tinidazole (Fazizhin).
| Metronidazole regimens | Tinidazole regimens |
| 250 mg 2 times a day for 10 days. | 500 mg 4 times a day for 5 days. |
| 4 days at 250 mg 3 times a day, then 4 days at 250 mg 2 times a day. | 1000 mg twice a day for 7-10 days. |
| The first day - 500 mg twice a day, the second a day - 250 mg three times a day, then 4 days, 250 mg twice a day. | Take 500 mg four times within 1 hour, at intervals of 15 minutes. |
Secondary resources:
- Ornidazole - apply 0.5 g twice a day, for 5 days;
- Naxogen - take 4 tablets at a time in case of an acute illness, or 0.5 g twice a day, for 6 days in case of a chronic pathology;
- Atrikan - apply 0.25 g twice a day, for 4 days.
The most effective antitrichomonas drugs for topical use:
- Candles Klion D - injected into the vagina one candle at night for 10 days.
- Neo-penotran - two suppositories per day are injected into the vagina for 2 weeks.
- Terzhinan tablets - 2 suppositories are injected into the vagina at night for 10 days.
- Candles Hexicon - injected 3-4 times a day for 1-3 weeks.
- Candles Meratin-combi - one candle is administered at night for 10 days.
A good effect in the treatment of trichomoniasis is provided by immunostimulating drugs when used together with antitrichomoniasis. The most effective immunopreparation is the Solkotrikhovak vaccine. It can be used both as a drug and as a prophylactic, to prevent relapses and re-infection after treatment. Usually, Solkotrikhovac is included in the treatment regimen from the first day of therapy, and 0.5 ml is administered intramuscularly. After two weeks, two more injections are given, then the vaccination is repeated after 11 months.
For the treatment of chronic candidiasis, a combination of a systemic antifungal drug with a local one is usually used, which are shown in the table:
| Systemic antifungal drug for the treatment of candidiasis | Topical antifungal drug for the treatment of candidiasis |
| Nizoral - 400 mg per day, 5 days | Kanesten - vaginal tablets or cream for 5-6 days. Tablets are injected into the vagina at 0.2-0.5 g, and the cream is 1-2% |
| Miconazole - 0.25 g four times a day, 2 weeks | Miconazole - cream or suppositories are injected into the vagina 1 time per day for a week |
| Fluconazole - 50-150 mg once a day, 1-2 weeks | Bifonazole - cream in the vagina at night, 2-4 weeks |
| Orungal - 0.2 g once a day, 1 week | Ginezol - one suppository in the vagina |
| Lamisil - 250 mg once a day, 2-4 weeks | Ginalgin - 1 suppository in the vagina at night, for 10 days |
| Levorin - 500,000 IU 2-4 times a day, 10-12 days | Isoconazole - a ball in the vagina 1 time per day, for 3-5 days |
| Amphoglucamine - 200,000 IU twice a day, 10-14 days | Econazole - 150 mg cream is injected into the vagina for three days |
| Batrafen - the cream is injected into the vagina at night, for 10 days | |
| Decamine - the ointment is injected into the vagina at night, for 2-3 weeks | |
| Polygynax - in the vagina 1 suppository at night - 2 weeks | |
| Terzhinan - in the vagina, 1 suppository at bedtime, for 10 days | |
| Pimafukort - ointment is injected into the vagina 2-4 times a day, for 2 weeks | |
| Betadine - 1 suppository in the vagina, for 2 weeks |
To prevent the recurrence of candidiasis, it is recommended to use a systemic antifungal drug for six months, on the first day of each menstruation. After the end of menstruation, local antifungal agents should be used for a week, also for six months.
Healing Control
To be sure of the complete cure of a sexual infection, it is necessary to conduct control examinations.Trichomoniasis. Control tests are taken one week after the end of therapy, then within 3 menstrual cycles - immediately after the end of menstruation. If during this period there are no signs of trichomoniasis, and trichomonas are not detected in the tests, then the sexual infection can be considered completely cured.
Candidiasis. After a course of treatment for acute primary candidiasis, control tests are given in a week. If there was chronic candidiasis, then control tests are given over three menstrual cycles, immediately after menstruation.
Possible Complications
Candidiasis can lead to the development of a number of complications:- narrowing of the vagina;
- the risk of developing pelvic infections;
- infection of the urinary system;
- miscarriage;
- underweight in newborns;
- chorioamnionitis;
- childbirth ahead of time;
- infection of the glans penis - in men.
- various violations of the course of pregnancy;
- pathology of childbirth;
- congenital infections of the child;
- high risk of neonatal death.
Reproduction in the intestines of pathogenic fungi causes candidiasis, which begins to spread throughout the body. The initial growth of the Candida flora in the large and small intestines leads to the penetration of fungi into the blood and damage to important organs. It is possible to cure a fungal infection of the genitourinary system, kidneys, and lungs by suppressing mycosis at the very source of infection. The appointment of antimycotics, probiotic and prebiotic preparations, the use of folk remedies is carried out taking into account the depth of the process, age category, contraindications, the state of the immune system of patients.
Candidiasis of the intestine - a cause for concern?
Intestinal candidiasis means pathological changes, which are based on the active reproduction of Candida fungi in the intestinal sections that affect the mucous membrane. If the disease is not treated, the fungus spreads its harmful activity to other tissues and organs - the stomach, liver, genitals, bronchial tree, pancreas, lungs, kidneys, spleen.
Intestinal candidiasis - a source of fungal infection of the whole body
Initially, fungal populations are constantly in the intestines, without causing harm. But with a drop in immunity and the creation of conditions unsuitable for the vital activity of beneficial bacteria in the intestines, fungi give explosive mass growth, turning into pathogens that are dangerous for the whole organism.
Risk Factors for Candida
Among the common factors that pre-dispose the intestine to the appearance of candidiasis, it is worth highlighting:
- Low immune defense.
- Unbalanced food intake.
- Active, prolonged therapy with antibacterial drugs, which leads to the suppression of beneficial intestinal microflora with simultaneous overgrowth of Candida.
Spread of fungi throughout the body Complications
Intestinal candidiasis is dangerous with possible complications in the form of:
- Ruptures of the mucosa and tissues of the intestinal wall (the so-called intestinal perforation).
- The spread of the ulcerative process to the surrounding organs.
- Internal bleeding.
- Generalization of candidiasis with the introduction of fungi into the kidneys, liver, lungs, spleen.
- Development of mycotic sepsis (penetration of fungi into the blood and infection of the whole organism). Mortality in this type of candidiasis reaches 28 - 56% (in patients with acute leukemia or after transplantation).
Problem Diagnosis
Diagnosis of a fungal infection of the large and small intestine is very important for the correct prescription of treatment.
The specifics of candidiasis in the intestines have not been studied very deeply by most gastroenterologists. Many patients have erased symptoms of intestinal damage, and the diagnosis made by endoscopic studies is often erroneous.
When identifying individual ulcers on the intestinal mucosa, medicine is slow to make a diagnosis, and specialized studies for the presence of a fungal infection are not carried out.
Practical medicine knows perfectly well that a fungus in the intestines is often an early sign of disease in immunodeficiency syndrome. Therefore, for the correct diagnosis, it is necessary to observe and analyze the general condition of the patient.
General principles of treatment
For effective treatment of intestinal candidiasis, a gastroenterologist provides a therapy regimen with the following basic directions:
- The use of antifungal agents.
- Elimination of intestinal dysbacteriosis accompanying candidiasis.
- Fortifying agents and immunostimulants.
- Treatment of the underlying disease that caused candidiasis.
Treatment with drugs
With intestinal candidiasis, competent therapy consists in prescribing:
- antimycotic agents, taking into account the type of candidiasis, the depth of the lesion, age and contraindications;
- antibacterial drugs (included in the therapy regimen if candidiasis is accompanied by the addition of other pathogens);
- drugs that restore the microflora of the large and small intestines;
- therapy with immunostimulants.
Antifungal agents
With candidiasis in a non-invasive form, antifungal drugs absorbed in the intestine are used - fluconazole (Diflucan), ketoconazole, itraconazole. The treatment regimen, dosage is selected individually, taking into account body weight. The form of application is tablets or intravenous injections.
A serious drawback - in tablet form, almost complete absorption of funds occurs in the upper intestine and they do not reach the ileum, where the bulk of pathogens are concentrated. Therefore, treatment by injection is more preferable. In addition, the use of these antimycotic drugs is often accompanied by side effects, one of which is toxic hepatitis.
Important! For the destruction of intestinal fungi, it is necessary to use agents that are not adsorbed in the intestines, and with a duration of treatment of up to 10 days or more.
The source of the spread of fungi that cause the spread of fungi throughout the body (systemic candidiasis) is the intestine, therefore, without inhibiting the reproduction of Candida in it, antifungal treatment is ineffective or helps only for a short time.
Almost non-absorbable antifungal drugs include levorin, nystatin, Pimafucin (natamycin). The use of nystatin, levorin, as well as adsorbed agents, often has side effects (nausea, vomiting, allergies, diarrhea, toxic hepatitis).
Pimafucin is an antimycotic antibacterial agent with strong potential, acting on many pathogenic Candida yeast fungi. In comparison with nystatin, Pimafucin has a higher efficiency and fewer side effects. In medical practice, cases of Candida resistance to natamycin have not been identified. With repeated and prolonged use of pimafucin, addiction to it does not occur. In this regard, it is possible to use the minimum dose that suppresses the growth of fungi. Pimafucin tablets are almost not absorbed, actively working in the intestines.
For candidiasis of the colon, rectal suppositories are used. The average indicative course is up to two weeks.
The issue of timely detection and treatment of intestinal candidiasis is very important to prevent the development of forms of systemic (spread to organs) and generalized (with the penetration of fungi into the blood) candidiasis in patients receiving anti-tuberculosis drugs, radiation and chemotherapy. Here again, the use of non-absorbable antimycotic agents is more preferable, since even their long-term and repeated use practically does not affect the effect of other drugs.
Probiotics and prebiotics
Intestinal candidiasis is always accompanied by dysbacteriosis, therefore, along with antimycotic drugs, probiotics are prescribed, which are living microorganisms that represent the normal intestinal flora. Acidophilic bifido- and lactobacilli help to balance the composition and concentration of microorganisms in the intestine and have a detrimental effect on pathogenic microbes and fungi.
High-quality probiotics are resistant to antibiotics and antimycotic drugs, so they can be used simultaneously.
Prebiotics, also necessary for candidiasis, are chemical organic substances that are not absorbed in the intestines, but stimulate the creation of optimal conditions for the growth of normal microflora (that is, for the same live probiotics).
Temporary side effects: loss of appetite, diarrhea, nausea, skin rash, fever, headache, urticaria, drowsiness.
Table: drugs used in the treatment of intestinal candidiasis
Name | Main action | Side effects |
| Adsorbable antimycotics | ||
Fluconazole (Diflucan) | Compared to ketoconazole, it is more effective with fewer side effects. Does not activate liver enzymes, does not cause toxic hepatitis. In pediatrics, tablets are allowed from the age of 4. Diflucan syrup - from the neonatal period. | Passing - itching, rash, nausea, diarrhea, abdominal pain. |
Ketoconazole | Actively inhibits the growth of yeast fungi. |
|
Antifungals that are not adsorbed in the intestine |
||
Nystatin | The approximate duration of therapy is up to 14 days. | Significant frequency of side effects (dyspepsia, allergies, drug-induced hepatitis). |
natamycin (Pimafucin) | Allowed when carrying a child, breastfeeding, in pediatrics - newborns. | At first, passing nausea and diarrhea are possible. |
Antimicrobial drugs that normalize the intestinal microflora. They are used in the treatment and prevention of intestinal dysbacteriosis accompanying candidiasis. |
||
The drug is antidiarrheal, inhibits the activity of Candida fungi. Normalizes the balance of intestinal microflora. | ||
Prebiotics are products that contain bacteria that are natural for the intestinal microflora. They maintain acidity (pH) favorable for the life of beneficial bacteria. They show an average antibacterial effect on harmful microbes, stimulating the mechanisms of immunity. |
||
Lactusan, Maxilac, Duphalac, Inulin, Normaze, Lactofilter, Candinorm, Eubicor, Prelax, Latkuzan DUO | Activate reproduction and a normal environment for the vital activity of beneficial intestinal microflora. The treatment regimen and dosage are selected by a gastroenterologist, taking into account age and based on the individual characteristics of the course of the disease. | |
Hilak-forte | One of the components of the treatment of candidiasis. Corrects the qualitative composition of microorganisms in the intestine. Helps heal damaged intestinal walls. | Possible: constipation, diarrhea, skin rash, itching, urticaria. |
Probiotics are live beneficial microorganisms for therapeutic purposes, food supplements, dietary supplements containing live microcultures. Basically - bifidobacteria, lactobacilli. |
||
Lactobacterin, colibacterin, bifidumbacterin | They are active against most pathogenic microorganisms. | No side effects were recorded. Contraindications - only individual intolerance. |
Contains lactobacilli - for the small intestine, bifidobacteria - for the large intestine, supplies "healing" bacteria in balanced proportions. | Side effects may include flatulence (short-term). |
|
Important! The duration of the course of treatment with antifungal agents, probiotics and prebiotic preparations is determined by the doctor individually. After the disappearance of the symptoms of the disease, it is recommended to continue treatment for a few more days.
The main indicator of the effectiveness of therapy for intestinal candidiasis does not simply mean a negative result of the analysis in the study for yeast pathogens. Only the complete disappearance of the main symptoms, a decrease in the concentration of Candida to normal is a sign of positive dynamics in the course of treatment. Often, for the final recovery, it is necessary to conduct repeated courses of antifungal therapy.
During the treatment of intestinal candidiasis with antifungal agents, corticosteroids and contraceptives are not taken, they significantly upset the balance of microorganisms in the intestine and promote the reproduction of Candida.
Diet, nutritional rules
Correct and effective treatment of intestinal mycosis is difficult to carry out if the patient does not follow a certain diet and basic nutritional rules.
The Candida fungus produces a large amount of toxic substances - toxins that enter the blood through the walls of blood vessels and poison the entire body. Violation of the intestines contributes to the active reproduction of pathogens.
The most toxic substance produced by fungi is acetaldehyde, which quickly turns into ethanol. Patients suffering from candidiasis, often in the morning feel an unpleasant feeling of a hangover, apathy and fatigue.
A diet developed according to the rules during the period of damage to the body of Candida requires to be excluded from the diet:
- alcohol;
- fructose, which means - all sweet fruit juices, purees;
- honey, jams, preserves, white, brown sugar;
- smoked products, spicy dishes, spices;
- white bread, wheat flour and dishes from it such as fritters, pancakes (contain yeast);
- sweets, muffins, pastries, cakes (fungi, like ordinary nutritional yeast, “love” a sweet environment);
- glucose-rich fruits - bananas, figs, grapes;
- vegetables - sugar beets, potatoes, pumpkins, carrots, corn;
- minimizing the consumption of coffee and tea (substances present in them inhibit the effects of agents that kill fungi).
Photo gallery of prohibited products
Jam, jams - a large amount of fructose, sucrose 
Alcohol - food for pathogenic fungal environment 
Fruits with high sugar content create a favorable environment for candidiasis 
Contain a lot of sugar, which contributes to the reproduction of fungi in the intestines
The products needed in the complex treatment of intestinal candidiasis should contain a small amount of carbohydrates, a sufficient amount of proteins, minerals:
- lean, stewed, boiled or steamed meat, fish, eggs;
- dill, cilantro, parsley (a rough product for the stomach, therefore - in small quantities), arugula, basil;
- all types of leaf lettuce, Chinese cabbage;
- zucchini, beans, tomatoes, cauliflower, cucumbers, white cabbage;
- low-fat cottage cheese, sour cream;
- strawberries, blueberries, lingonberries;
- cereals;
- oats in any form - porridge, jelly;
- unsweetened yoghurts, curdled milk, kefir, fermented baked milk, acidophilic drinks;
- garlic.
Sour-milk products are an excellent environment that is detrimental to fungi 
Cauliflower is a very useful vegetable for candidiasis 
Mushrooms of the genus Candida, which occupied the intestines, hate garlic and are afraid of it 
Steamed cutlets contain a minimum of harmful substances 
Oatmeal is perfectly digestible and does not create a favorable environment for the development of pathogenic fungi.
Important! Curing one disease, you need to remember about others. Some products that are useful for candidiasis may be contraindicated for peptic ulcers, inflammation of the kidneys, liver. Therefore, the choice of a grocery set must take into account all contraindications for a particular patient.
Folk remedies
In folk home medicine, many natural remedies are used to treat candidiasis of the intestinal tract.
It is necessary to destroy pathogenic fungi from the inside. To do this, take medicinal herbal infusions that stabilize impaired metabolism, a healthy intestinal environment, and strengthen the immune system.
But, as a rule, they really help only if they work in combination with antifungal drugs. Used separately, herbs and other natural remedies help only with superficial mucocutaneous fungal infections and provide only a temporary improvement, often only relieving symptoms.
Important! Many natural substances can have contraindications, cause allergic reactions. Therefore, before using this or that remedy, it is necessary to carefully study its effect on all organs.
Acidic substances, products
The Candida fungus is afraid of an acidic environment, so everything that “acidifies” the body helps to suppress pathogens - apple cider vinegar, kombucha and milk fungus. These excellent remedies may be contraindicated in gastritis and ulcerative lesions.
Turmeric
In folk medicine, one of the spices is often used as a useful addition in the treatment of candidiasis - turmeric. Curcumin, even at low concentrations, actively inhibits more than 20 strains of fungi, including Candida Albicans. Doctors consider it even more powerful than fluconazole. But like any spice, turmeric can cause allergic reactions.
Mucous decoctions
For the treatment of candidiasis of the gastrointestinal tract, enveloping mucus works great. A wonderful effect is given by simple oats, oatmeal, from which jelly is boiled or “steamed”. One glass of oats is poured with 600 - 800 ml of water, boiled for 3 - 4 hours on very low heat. Drink several times a day before meals and at bedtime warm 100 ml. When colonizing the intestines with fungi, jelly treatment helps many patients.
Medicinal herbs
- Kuril tea.
Proven folk remedy in the treatment of intestinal candidiasis.
Two teaspoons of chopped herbs are poured into a full glass of hot water. About 10 minutes insist, drink, without adding sugar, little by little. Course - no more than 20 days with a break of 7 - 10 days.
- Herbal decoctions.
From the root of burdock, oak bark, burnet make a strong decoction, which they drink 3-4 tablespoons before meals.
- Decoctions with celandine.
Take 2 tbsp. spoons of celandine grass, calendula flowers, mint leaves, 3 each - birch leaves, plantain, 4 each - St. John's wort, burdock root. Three tablespoons of mixed herbs are poured into 300 ml of boiling water and heated in a water bath for about half an hour. Strain, chill. Drink half a glass three times a day before meals, approximately 20 to 30 minutes in advance. The course of treatment is two weeks, a break is one week.
Important! Each of the herbs carries a certain danger under certain conditions of the body. Celandine is poisonous, and it should be taken in limited quantities, even in decoctions. Healing St. John's wort should not be used with a tendency to blood viscosity, thrombosis.
- Black cumin oil.
Effective antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral agent: optimizes bowel function by eliminating dysbacteriosis.
A simple way is half or a full spoonful of oil (if in capsules, then 1 - 2 pieces) during meals; 3 times a day. Children can take half a teaspoon (1 capsule) 2 times a day. Drink 2 weeks.
Bread way: 25 drops of oil to drip on a piece of bread, take with food.
Contraindications: During childbearing - prostaglandins formed during the use of cumin can cause premature birth.
- Soda solution.
Vaginal candidiasis in women, which often accompanies intestinal mycosis, is treated using a soda solution in the form of douching. If fungi have affected the intestines, rectum, anus, apply enemas with a solution of soda (a teaspoon per 200 ml of warm water).
Such a solution cannot be taken orally with intestinal candidiasis - the patient's condition can be significantly worsened.
Any folk remedies have an excellent antibacterial and good antimycotic effect, but are not able to completely replace pharmaceutical medicines.
Features of the treatment of the disease in women
In women, intestinal candidiasis is very often accompanied by fungal infections of the entire genitourinary system, and simultaneous yeast vulvovaginitis (colloquially "thrush"). In this case, a combined approach to the treatment of both pathologies is rational, since unilateral therapeutic actions will not lead to complete recovery in the presence of an unsuppressed Candida focus.
Thrush in women is often one of the symptoms of intestinal candidiasis. Vaginal candidiasis manifests itself:
- in severe itching of the external genital organs;
- in yellowish-white, curd-like vaginal discharge;
- in a burning sensation and frequent urination.
An exacerbation of thrush is often found before menstruation. This is due to a change in the vaginal environment towards an increase in acidity (the mouth of fungi occurs at an acidity pH in the range of 2.5 - 3.0).
Tactics of complex therapy
- Pimafucin in tablet form - in the treatment of intestinal and vaginal mycoses. At the same time, the use of Pimafucin suppositories is prescribed, used intravaginally for local effects on the fungi of the vaginal mucosa (up to 7 days). With concomitant anal candidiasis, suppositories are also used.
- Fluconazole is drunk in capsules simultaneously with the local use of Terzhinan, Neopenotran, Clotrimazole, Butoconazole suppositories. Douching with a 0.5 - 2% solution of baking soda is indicated before the introduction of vaginal suppositories.
Features of treatment during pregnancy
Up to 85 pregnant women out of 100 studied find themselves with thrush. This is especially common in the first and last trimesters. Doctors believe that pregnancy is a factor that provokes candidiasis due to the growing progesterone at this time.
Many experts consider it inappropriate to use Fluconazole during pregnancy. It is used only in extremely serious cases of fungal infections, when the possible benefit of the drug for a pregnant woman is much higher than the risk for a child.
Fluconazole accumulates in breast milk, so the use of the drug during breastfeeding is contraindicated.
Pimafucin is often used during pregnancy. Experts consider it one of the safest and most effective drugs against Candida fungi, even when used in the first weeks after conception. There were no negative effects on the fetus in the studies.
Features of the treatment of candidiasis in children of different ages
Candidiasis in babies with weakened immunity can pose a serious threat, penetrating into organs, tissues and blood. Thrush in a baby's mouth can always be a symptom of a more formidable form of a fungal infection. The main thing in the treatment of candidiasis in pediatrics is to prevent such a development.
Fluconazole (Diflucan)
Many questions arise about Diflucan, which is allowed for babies. But the fact is that the active substance of Diflucan is fluconazole, which is not used in children under 4 years of age, in pregnant and lactating women.
Important! Since the medical experts themselves have not come to a consensus about the use of Diflucan in children, a high degree of caution is required when using it for children under the age of four.
Diflucan in the form of a suspension is often prescribed even to newborns with intestinal candidiasis. The duration of therapy depends on the weakness of the immune system, concomitant diseases and the neglect of the process. As a rule, treatment lasts from 1 week to 2 months. According to pediatricians, Diflucan is easily tolerated by children of all ages.
In premature newborns, the use of the drug also did not reveal undesirable side effects.
Candida fungus on baby's tongue Nystatin is taken by children up to a year.
Pimafucin
Very young children are given in the form of a crushed piece of a tablet to avoid getting into the windpipe. The acidity of gastric juice at this age is lowered, so the remedy does not lose its activity. The duration of treatment is approximately 7 days. Side effects are short-term and rare: slight nausea and diarrhea pass quickly without discontinuation of Pimafucin.
Let the mushrooms grow in the forest. The natural source of the spread of Candida fungi is the intestines, and if the fungus begins to actively multiply in it, then it is impossible to get rid of thrush, candidiasis of the urinary tract and kidneys. The activity of fungi in the intestines will support the development of candidiasis in other organs, causing relapses. The correct choice of treatment regimen for candidiasis and the selection of drugs is based on knowledge: the form and localization of the process, the prevalence of Candida to other organs, the severity of the disease, age, concomitant diseases, the state of the immune system.
