Such dangerous infectious diseases as measles, rubella, parotitis (or "mumps") are usually characteristic of the childhood period of human development. But not everyone is aware of the consequences of refusing to vaccinate children with these diseases, which can manifest themselves throughout a person's life. If vaccination is done on time, he is not afraid of measles and other diseases. In order to understand the danger of each of these infectious diseases and the reasons why it is necessary to immunize the younger generation on time, we will consider the mechanism of the onset of the disease.

The mechanism of occurrence and development of diseases

A viral disease such as measles is transmitted by sneezing, coughing or talking. A characteristic feature of the disease is an increase in the patient's body temperature of more than 38 ° C, the presence of a runny nose, cough, conjunctivitis (inflammation of the mucous membrane). A rash appears on the patient's body, the general condition of the patient is quite severe. From it, the viral infection spreads further by airborne droplets over fairly long distances through the rooms and through the ventilation system, which leads to the rapid infection of children who are in contact with an infected child. The first days the disease is disguised as a normal respiratory infection, but upon closer examination, you can notice a rash in the form of white dots on the mucous surface of the child's cheeks. Then complications begin in the patient - a sharp increase in temperature and a gradual appearance of a rash on different parts of the body until it is completely covered by this symptom of the disease. This process goes along the body of the child from top to bottom during the week. Then the rash disappears, and after three days pigment spots appear in these places, disappearing within a few days.

Children under the age of 12 months rarely get measles - they are saved by antibodies received at birth from the mother (if she was once immunized against this disease). This protection disappears in the infant after a year, and then the risk factor for getting measles increases significantly. If the child is also weakened by other diseases, then a lethal outcome is also possible when infected with measles.

Adults can also be infected, especially those who were not immunized as children. They are very difficult to tolerate measles because of the various complications caused by this disease - pneumonia, changes in the composition of the blood, seizures, inflammation of the brain. In addition, the infection reduces the level of immunity in a person, which leaves him defenseless against other viral diseases.

Rubella, like measles, is mainly transmitted through the air. Children carry this infectious disease quite easily, although in 30% of cases of infection the disease proceeds in the form of moderate severity. The child usually becomes ill two to three weeks after contact with a rubella patient. There is a rise in body temperature to 39 ° C in the first days of infection. The main symptoms of the disease during this period are headache, malaise, growth of lymph nodes, sometimes conjunctivitis is manifested. A rash appears in the form of small spots on the limbs of the child and the sides of his body. It stays for 4-6 days. The illness lasts from a week to two.

Complications of rubella usually do not occur, but encephalitis is sometimes noted. The disease is especially dangerous for pregnant women - it affects the entire body, which can lead to miscarriage in the first three months of pregnancy, and later - to the birth of a dead baby. If the child is still born alive, then he may have congenital rubella syndrome, which is characterized by the following symptoms:

• deafness;
• blindness;
• heart disease (congenital);
• various lesions of the spleen and liver;
• mental retardation;
• change in blood composition.

The disease in a pregnant woman can go unnoticed for two days. The virus enters the placenta to the fetus. At the first suspicion of rubella, a woman should undergo a special examination.

Epidemic parotitis ("mumps") is an infectious disease that affects the submandibular (salivary) and glands located near the ear. It is also transmitted through the air. Affected organs swell. The ability to spread mumps is lower than that of measles or rubella. By isolating a sick child in a separate room, other children or adults can be protected from infection.

The first days of mumps manifests itself in the form of malaise and low temperature. Then, within three days, the sick child's salivary glands increase in size, and it is difficult for him to swallow and chew. On the mucous membrane of the cheeks, on the side of the lesion, the excretory nipple of the gland appears. Complications caused by the disease:

• pancreatitis;
• meningitis;
• inflammation of both testicles in men (orchitis) and ovaries in women (ophitis), which can lead to infertility;
• deaths have been reported.

All of the above infectious diseases (measles, rubella, mumps) are caused by viruses for which there are no drugs. Therefore, to combat them, immunization of the population is used.

Protective measures used (vaccination against measles, rubella and mumps)

In the Russian Federation, vaccination (measles, mumps) is carried out in the form of vaccinations for children. It is carried out by means produced at domestic factories. To combat rubella, the vaccine is bought by the state abroad. For the younger generation, immunization is free. The vaccination campaign covers children as young as one or six years of age. If a teenager has not been immunized in a timely manner, then revaccination against measles, rubella, mumps is given to him at the age of 12-13. During the standard vaccination, children receive two shots (measles and mumps vaccine and rubella serum).

An alternative option is an imported vaccine (measles, rubella vaccine) containing purified viruses of all three diseases together. This is also done for free.

All of these immunization preparations contain strains of the causative agents of these diseases in a weakened form. They do not infect a person with a disease, but help the body produce antibodies to create a protective barrier in case of infection. Here are some of the vaccines used:

• monopreparations and divaccine L-3 and L-16 - used as a vaccination against measles and mumps;
• RUVAKS - anti-measles serum;
• monovaccines RUDIVAKS and EVVAKS - imported, used to combat rubella;
• PRIORIX contains strains of all three diseases, an associated vaccine (measles, mumps and rubella).

Russia does not produce anti-rubella drugs and uses Indian-made drugs for immunization within the framework of the national program. Reviews of foreign vaccinations (measles, mumps) are the most positive.

All these drugs are available in dry form. A solvent is attached to them in a separate ampoule or vial. The powder is diluted in it and the drug is immediately used for its intended purpose, otherwise the vaccine will lose its properties due to exposure to heat and light.

The main method of introducing the vaccine into the child's body is a subcutaneous injection. The place where the injection is given is the deltoid muscle of the shoulder or the area under the shoulder blade of a person.

Monovaccines (measles vaccine) and triple preparations can be administered simultaneously with any vaccines, but not with BCG.

Medicines such as immunoglobulin are recommended for a blood transfusion in a child two weeks after immunization against measles and other infectious diseases. If vaccination should be carried out after the use of immunoglobulin, then the deadline for its implementation is not earlier than three months after the use of blood transfusion preparations.

The reaction of the child's body to immunization (vaccination against measles, rubella and mumps)

In general, none of the vaccines used causes rejection in children. In vaccinated 9-11% of children, the first two days, a small swelling or redness may appear at the injection site. All these effects usually go away on their own.

The normal reaction of the body to measles vaccination in 12-16% of children is redness, which appears in the period from a week to two after vaccination. At this time, they may show the following symptoms:

• mild cough;
• runny nose;
• sometimes there is an increase in body temperature in children up to 38 ° C.

When immunized against mumps, a reaction to the vaccine is very rare. If this happens, then the child's temperature rises, there are signs of a runny nose and reddening of the pharynx occurs. Another type of reaction to such a vaccination is an increase in the size of the glands near the child's ears. These symptoms may occur one to three weeks after vaccination.

When vaccinated against rubella, 10% of children develop a reaction in the period from 4 to 14 days: body temperature rises, cough and runny nose appear. Sometimes a child develops a false rubella rash and there is an increase in the lymph nodes.

When an adult is vaccinated, he may experience joint pain.

If a triple combined serum is used instead of a monovaccine, then in the above terms, a person may experience symptoms of all types of reactions to immunization. If such signs appear during the first week and persist in the future (two weeks after vaccination), you should consult a doctor. This usually means that the child is sick. Most often, these are diseases of the upper respiratory tract. The specialist will prescribe the necessary drugs, and in a week the patient will recover.

Complications after immunization (measles, rubella)

These side effects of vaccinations include:

• allergic reactions of the body;
• the possibility of damage to the nervous system of the child;
• diseases caused by the vaccine itself.

Allergy in children does not appear to the vaccine itself, but to other components included in it - the remnants of the protein media on which the main virus was grown.

The vaccine produced in Russia contains quail protein. Serums imported from abroad contain its chicken counterpart. Reviews of experts show that the quality of Russian raw materials is higher. An allergy occurs on the second day after the vaccination is done - swelling appears at the injection site and redness spreads within a radius of 4 centimeters from it. For treatment, the following agents are used:

• various ointments to improve blood circulation;
• hormonal gels;
• antiallergic drugs for oral administration;
• the same medicines for intramuscular injections.

Sometimes allergic complications are manifested in the form of a rash or hives.

Lesions of the nervous system are characterized by the so-called fibral convulsions. They occur on the tenth day after measles, rubella or mumps vaccination, and are accompanied by an increase in temperature up to 39 ° C. Children under three years of age are predisposed to such symptoms, so doctors believe that special treatment is not required in such cases.

Antipyretics (eg paracetamol) are used. But if the convulsions last for a long time, then you should urgently consult a doctor and conduct an examination to exclude further complications.

The vaccine itself can cause diseases, which are the reaction of the child's body to live strains of bacteria:

• brain damage - measles encephalitis;
• serous meningitis.

Such diseases rarely occur. Mostly children with impaired immunity are susceptible to them.. For treatment, an examination by a doctor is required.

Prevention of complications (vaccination against measles, rubella and mumps)

Prevention of reactions of the child's body to vaccination involves the use of such methods:

• children with a predisposition to allergic complications are given anti-allergic drugs along with serum;
• a child with an affected nervous system and chronic diseases is given special therapy after vaccination;
• children who are often ill or have foci of chronic diseases (for example, sinusitis), after immunization, should take interferon under the supervision of a doctor; this drug is given to the child the day before vaccination and two weeks after it; the child must be protected from people with any infectious disease for two weeks after vaccination;
• contraindications for immunization are acute or chronic diseases of the child, in this case, vaccination is carried out one month after complete recovery;
• children with AIDS or those undergoing cancer treatment should not be immunized.

In any case, the doctor should strive to take into account all the possible negative consequences of vaccination and revaccination against measles, rubella, mumps for each individual child.

In this article, we will look at a topic that is very exciting for parents. Namely - vaccinations against measles, rubella and mumps. Recommendations to help parents make the right choice are described below.

Rubella, mumps and measles infections are quite common throughout the world. These are diseases of a viral nature, transmitted by airborne droplets.

When in contact with a person who has mumps, the risk of infection is about 40%, and rubella or measles - 92-98%. These diseases are very dangerous and in some cases can cause serious consequences.

Parotitis (mumps).

Symptoms:

• lesions of the ear and submandibular glands, as a result of which they swell
• great swelling of the face
• general malaise
• slight temperature
• organism intoxication

Possible complications:

• pancreatitis
• meningitis
• deafness
• in young men, inflammation of the testicles (orchitis)
• in girls, ovarian damage (oophoritis)

Measles.

Symptoms:

• very high temperature (up to 40 °C)
• the presence of a rash - first it appears on the mucous membrane of the cheeks, and then on the skin, covering the body from top to bottom
• conjunctivitis
• runny nose
• dry cough

Possible complications:

• pneumonia
• laryngitis
• tracheitis
• blood diseases

Rubella.

Symptoms:

• high temperature (up to 38 °C)
• headache
• malaise
• rash in the form of small red spots on the lateral parts of the legs, arms, torso
• enlarged lymph nodes behind the ears

Complications:

• Rarely, inflammation of the brain (encephalitis)
• in women during pregnancy, all tissues of the fetus are affected, which leads to the appearance of pathologies in the unborn child

These diseases do not have a typical antiviral treatment. Therapy is prescribed to eliminate symptoms and to prevent complications.

Vaccination is a way to avoid possible infection with these viruses.

You can get vaccinated:

• child - from 1 year
• adult - at any age (recommended up to 55 years old)

After the introduction of the vaccine duration of immunity saved:

• from mumps, measles - from 20 to 30 years
• from rubella - about 10 years

Features of vaccination and revaccination:

• it is possible to carry out the procedure simultaneously with other preventive vaccinations (except for BCG).
• vaccines that are not included in the National Immunization Schedule are administered with a difference of 1-3 months.
• the tuberculin test must be administered either with vaccination or 6 weeks after vaccination to avoid desensitization to tuberculin and giving a false result.

Contraindications for vaccination against these diseases are:

• periods of exacerbation of chronic diseases
• pregnancy
• neoplasms
• planning for conception within the next 3 months
• allergy to a previously administered vaccine
• primary immunodeficiency
• high sensitivity to any component of the vaccine
• acute intestinal diseases
• tuberculosis
• blood diseases and the period of 3 months after transfusion
• oncopathology

Vaccinations against measles, mumps, rubella for children

Children are vaccinated with MMR twice:

• at 12 months
• at 6 years old

Such a double procedure is due to the fact that after a single administration of serum, immunity is not formed in all babies. Therefore, for a positive result, repeated manipulation is required.

• girls - for the prevention of rubella, since in the next 7-10 years most of them are likely to become pregnant, and this disease is extremely dangerous for the fetus;
• young men - in order to protect against parotitis, infection with which during puberty can lead to infertility in the future.

In cases where the child was not vaccinated in childhood, the first vaccine is administered to a teenager at the age of 13.

The area of ​​vaccination depends on the age of the child:

• up to 3 years - outside the thigh
• after 3 years - in the muscle of the shoulder or under the shoulder blade

This is due to the fact that in these places:

• the skin is thin and located close to the muscles;
• subcutaneous fat is thin - in thick layers of fat, the vaccine is deposited, enters the lymph slowly, and the effect of the procedure is reduced to almost zero.

Basic rules for vaccinating children:

• The child must be healthy. On the day of vaccination, check his health, measure the temperature
• It is necessary to take a blood and urine test to determine the general condition of the body
• The neurologist must confirm the absence of any contraindications from the nervous system
• In the presence of a chronic disease, the vaccine is given during a period of clear remission.

Vaccination per year: measles, rubella, mumps

The first vaccination in order to prevent the infectious diseases under consideration is given to children upon reaching 12 months. It is believed that this period is the most optimal for vaccination, since viral infections are very dangerous for children under the age of five.

Up to a year, the baby is protected by antibodies that he received from his mother. In cases where the mother was not vaccinated and did not suffer from these diseases (that is, she does not have immunity), the child can be vaccinated at 9 months.

In most cases, one-year-old children tolerate vaccination quite easily. The following reactions may occur:

• poor appetite
• slightly elevated temperature
• anxiety
• redness in the throat
• sleep disturbance

Vaccinations at age 6: measles rubella mumps

The second vaccination should be given after the child is 6 years old. In cases where the first vaccination was given to the baby not at the age of one, but later, revaccination is still carried out at the age of six.

Symptoms appear almost the same as at 12 months. In addition, in rare cases, there may be post-vaccination complications of the following nature:

• sore throat
• bronchitis

They can be caused by the fact that at this age the child is very active, and it can be quite difficult for parents to ensure his correct behavior before and after the vaccination procedure.

Reaction to the measles, rubella, mumps vaccine

Reactions to MMR vaccinations are generally mild.

In the first two days, 10% of vaccinated children may:

• redness of the inoculation area
• slight swelling
• mild soreness at the injection site

From the 4th to the 15th day, systemic reactions sometimes develop as a result of an infectious process that is caused by strains of the virus (manifested in 15% of children):

• fever
• small rashes
• catarrhal phenomena
• swollen lymph nodes
• cough
• muscle and joint pain
• runny nose

Such phenomena are considered normal and do not need therapy, as they pass by themselves. Sometimes therapy is prescribed to eliminate the symptoms.

If negative conditions appear outside the specified time period or are too acute, this usually indicates the presence of some kind of chronic ailment. In this situation, you should immediately consult a doctor.

Measles, rubella, mumps: side effects from vaccination

The vaccine for vaccination is an active, immunobiological type. It causes changes in the human body of a certain type, which, in addition to positive ones that produce immunity, may be undesirable, in other words, side effects.

Side effects are such reactions of the body that occurred after vaccination, but were not its purpose.

There are the following types of side effects:

Local- are manifested due to the fact that when the skin is damaged and a foreign component penetrates into the body, an inflammatory process occurs at this place. In the injection area appears:

• seal
• pain
• redness

Systemic, general- other systems of our body are affected. These reactions, in fact, are an indicator of the work of the vaccine, which launched the processes of creating immunity. These reactions are:

• fever
• cough
• runny nose
• digestive disorders
• swelling in the testicles in boys
• joint pain (usually in adults)
• a temporary decrease in the number of platelets, which leads to bruising, small nosebleeds

In certain cases, after the introduction of a live vaccine, the process of reproduction of the disease itself is observed, only in a weak form.

To help your baby cope with adverse reactions, doctors recommend the following:

• give your child plenty of warm liquids to drink
• do not offer to try new foods to rule out allergic reactions to unfamiliar foods
• limit contact with people to avoid infection
• avoid both overheating and hypothermia
• don't overfeed your baby

Immediate medical attention is necessary in such cases:

• suffocation
• loss of consciousness
• vomiting, diarrhea
• the area of ​​edema at the injection site exceeds 3 cm
• temperature of 40°C, which is not disturbed by drugs

Temperature after vaccination against measles, rubella, mumps

According to doctors, after the vaccination procedure, fever is an absolutely normal reaction, indicating the activation of the immune process. In most cases, it appears 4-5 days after the manipulation.

As a rule, there is a slight increase in temperature, but sometimes it reaches 39-40 ° C.

From a very high temperature in young children, febrile convulsions sometimes begin.

The elevated temperature must be lowered, since in these cases it is not a help to the immune system.

• they should have paracetamol in their composition to alleviate the condition
• bring down the temperature of children with antipyretic suppositories, syrups
• adults are shown drugs in tablets or syrups, since suppositories are ineffective for them

This high temperature usually lasts a couple of days. If a serious condition is observed for a long time, it is necessary to consult a doctor.

Vaccination measles, rubella, mumps: rash

A vaccination reaction in the form of a skin rash usually appears after the manipulation on the fifth day. Basically, the rashes look like this:

• smallish spots
• have a pink color
• main localization - back, neck, behind the ears, face

Factors that provoke the appearance of rashes after vaccination:

• reproduction of the grafted virus in the skin;
• increased bleeding that has arisen - may be a reflection of mild temporary blood clotting disorders, but may also indicate serious pathologies or complications;
• allergic reactions to the composition of serums.

In this case, the skin reaction is absolutely normal, not requiring the use of ointments. A person with such a rash cannot infect others with an infection. However, with severe discomfort, itching remedies can be used.

In the event that a strong allergic reaction is observed during the first vaccination, it is necessary to take tests for the presence of an allergy to the components of the vaccine. If the results of the examination confirm the sensitivity to the components of the drug, then revaccination should be canceled.

Vaccination measles rubella mumps: complications

Post-vaccination complications are serious conditions of the body that occur after serum is introduced into it.

After vaccination against the infections considered in the article, complications are recorded quite rarely. They must be distinguished from the severe side effects after vaccination: rash, runny nose, fever or cough.

Complications after the vaccination procedure may manifest as:

• allergies(urticaria, anaphylactic shock, extensive edema) - as a reaction to additional substances that make up the sera (for example, antibiotics) or egg white (since the drug contains this component).
• Inflammation of the lungs, or pneumonia- provoked by chronic diseases of the respiratory system.
• encephalitis(extremely rare) - as a result of irritation of the meninges with a vaccine virus. It can develop in children with pathologies of the nervous system or very weak immunity.
• Serous aseptic meningitis(1 case per 100,000) - requires additional research to confirm the vaccine cause.
• Allergic myocarditis- due to sensitivity to the components in the composition of the drug.
• Severe pain in the abdomen- as a reflection of diseases of the digestive tract.
• Acute toxic shock- indicates contamination of the vaccine with staphylococcus due to violations of storage and use.

According to experts, complications after vaccination rarely depend on the composition of the drug. The most common causes of these negative effects are:

• individual feature of the organism
• improper storage of drugs
• violation of the technique of introducing vaccine serum
• accession of another infection - inflammation of a purulent nature or infection that during the vaccination was in the body in the incubation period

To prevent the occurrence of possible complications, it is necessary to use a general approach to the correct administration of vaccination:

• people prone to allergies should take antihistamines at the same time as the vaccine.
• children who are often sick are prescribed drugs to strengthen the body (for example, Interferon) a couple of days before the procedure and 10-14 days later.
• in the presence of chronic ailments, as well as an acute form of the disease, the vaccine is given a month after recovery.
• children with a pathology of the nervous system are prescribed treatment to prevent exacerbation.

Should I be vaccinated for measles, rubella, mumps?

All parents are wondering if their child should be vaccinated to prevent infections such as rubella, measles, mumps. The information space is filled with numerous reviews of various kinds: from a mandatory need to a categorical denial of the usefulness of this procedure.

It is known that people get measles, mumps and rubella once in a lifetime, after which the body develops immunity to these viruses for life. This fact causes many parents to refuse vaccination. However, the possible complications in case of infection with these ailments are much higher than adverse reactions after vaccination.

Before deciding whether to vaccinate their baby, parents should consult a pediatrician, a neurologist, and pass the necessary tests.

The vaccination in question is not mandatory. So you have the right to decide for yourself whether to do it or not to your child. However, before refusing to vaccinate, it is necessary to carefully consider all the possible risks.

Vaccination measles rubella mumps: Komarovsky

According to the famous children's doctor Yevgeny Komarovsky, vaccination is one of the achievements of modern medicine and it is necessary to vaccinate a child against diseases. He draws the attention of parents to the fact that before vaccination against measles, death occurred in 1% of cases, and in 30% this disease caused dangerous complications in the form of encephalitis, pneumonia, eye damage, etc.

The doctor insists that the risk of vaccination is a thousand times less than the risk of the disease. It is simply necessary to carry out the procedure wisely, taking into account the general well-being of the child.

What can be done after vaccination with measles, rubella, mumps?

There are no special rules of conduct after vaccination against rubella, mumps and measles. There are only general recommendations that must be followed.

You can swim after the procedure, following some rules:

• do not comb the place where the injection was given
• keep the water clean so that microorganisms do not get into the area of ​​​​the vaccination
• do not allow the child to bathe for a long time to avoid additional stress on his nervous system
• avoid hypothermia when swimming

Usually, pediatricians advise not taking baths, but a short shower on the first day after the introduction of the vaccine.

In addition, many are interested in whether a child can walk after he has been vaccinated. According to doctors, there are no restrictions on walking. Fresh air is good for a child. It is necessary to focus on his well-being.

Walking should be abandoned if the reaction to the vaccine is difficult for them and is accompanied by:

• high temperature
• allergic reactions
• cough
• shortness of breath

A slight temperature and slightly increased excitability are not prohibitions on being outside. The only condition is limit contacts with other people, since the immune system after vaccination is quite weak and the likelihood of infection from infected people is high.

What vaccine is best for measles, rubella, mumps?

The type of vaccine directly depends on which types of attenuated viruses are contained in the preparation. In modern medicine, such serums have a typed virus in their composition, are interchangeable and provide stable activation of immunity.

Vaccines for preventive vaccinations for the prevention of MMR are divided into the following types:

• monocomponent - from one disease
• dicomponent - from two (for measles and mumps, measles and rubella)
• three-component or polyvalent - against three viruses

Dicomponent vaccinations can be combined with single-component ones. Vaccination in this case is carried out with two syringe injections.

Polyvalent vaccines are complex, in which a vaccine is introduced into the body that develops immunity to three infections at once. This is very convenient, since in one manipulation a person receives protection from three diseases at once. Vaccines for these infections are produced in different countries.

Russian pharmacology produces such products:

• mumps attenuated L-3
• measles monovaccine L-16
• mumps-measles divaccine

It is proved that the effectiveness of these drugs is very high. In addition, it is believed that domestic vaccines are easier to tolerate, due to the fact that they contain quail egg protein, and not chicken, as in foreign counterparts.

In our country do not produce polyvalent serum against three infections and monocomponent against rubella. State clinics for the prevention of this infection are purchased by Indian drugs.

In our pharmacological market there are vaccines of foreign manufacturers:

• Pavivak (Czech Republic) - one-component against mumps
• Ervevaks (UK) - one-component rubella
• Priorix (Belgium) - three-component
• MMR-II (America - Netherlands) - three-component
• Rudivaks (France) - one-component red
• Rouvax (France) - one-component measles

In domestic polyclinics, imported drugs are not always available. You can buy them yourself in our pharmacies, as well as in commercial vaccination centers. When buying on your own, it is very important to follow the rules for storing serum and transporting it.

Preparations of all these manufacturers have proven themselves well. The duration and frequency of post-vaccination events are almost the same for all. Difference is only that three-component vaccinations are more convenient and require only one procedure.

In domestic polyclinics from imported funds, MMR-II has a lot of experience in using it. Possible reactions after vaccination with this vaccine are well studied in our clinics. Therefore, doctors often recommend it.

Priorix vaccination against measles, rubella, mumps

Recently, the Priorix vaccine has become increasingly popular among physicians. It has been used in Europe for a long time, but we have it relatively recently.

Priorix is ​​an attenuated (otherwise, attenuated live) vaccine to create immunity against mumps, measles and rubella. Produced in Belgium. Clinical studies have confirmed the high efficiency of this pharmaceutical product.

This vaccine package includes:

• ampoule with special solvent
• vial with vaccine component (dried and lyophilized)

This serum is also used to prevent one of these diseases (for example, when a person has had mumps, but is not vaccinated against rubella and measles). At the same time, the body will develop immunity from a new virus, and from previously transferred ones it stimulates additional production. According to studies, this vaccine has some indicators higher than other analogues.

In addition, the advantage of the vaccine is that it can be used for emergency prevention of measles infection in the first 72 hours after contact with an infected person.

It is up to parents to decide whether to vaccinate against these diseases and when. But it is worth taking a responsible approach to this issue, since complications and consequences can be deplorable. May your children be healthy.

Video: Vaccinations: reactions and complications

Today, a certain percentage of parents say that they do not see the need to vaccinate their children. But today, the diseases against which they are vaccinated have by no means become less serious and dangerous.

According to the vaccination schedule, a year the child is vaccinated against three serious diseases - measles, rubella and mumps, commonly called "mumps".

About diseases

Measles is an airborne viral disease. The temperature rises to 39 degrees, and sometimes even higher. The condition is quite severe, there is a runny nose, conjunctivitis. A characteristic sign of measles is a white rash on the mucous membranes of the cheeks, then it spreads to the whole body. At first, the disease proceeds as SARS. But after a few days, the situation worsens, the temperature rises and a rash appears.

Up to a year, babies get measles very rarely, they are protected by the immunity received from the mother. But it is especially difficult for children under 3 years of age and already adults to tolerate measles. The disease is transmitted to contact persons in 95% of cases.

Complications after measles can be different, ranging from otitis media to encephalitis. After measles, a temporary state of immunodeficiency is formed, that is, the body is not able to defend itself against infections, which is fraught with secondary diseases.

Rubella is a viral disease. In childhood, rubella is better tolerated and easier than in adults. In the first few days, the temperature rises to 38 degrees, the lymph nodes increase, a rash appears on the limbs and on the sides of the body. The rubella rash goes away after 5 days, and the disease recedes after 10 days. Occasionally, there are such complications of rubella as encephalitis.

But the main danger of rubella is for unvaccinated pregnant women. If a woman becomes infected with rubella during pregnancy, then this will most likely affect her child. Miscarriage, stillbirth, or the birth of a child with deformities and many pathologies are possible.

Mumps is a viral infection that affects the salivary glands near the ears and under the jaw, making it difficult for the patient to chew and swallow. Dangerous complications after suffering parotitis. It can be pancreatitis, meningitis, meningoencephalitis. Oophoritis or inflammation of the ovaries can become a consequence of mumps in 5% of affected women. In 20-30% of sick men, parotitis entails the development of orchitis, that is, inflammation of the testicles. These diseases in certain cases lead to infertility. Parotitis is a disease that is very unsafe in its consequences. Mumps is easier to prevent than to hurt them.

All three of these diseases occur today, they can get sick. And somehow it is not possible to prevent complications in the disease. Therefore, the only reliable remedy against these ailments is vaccination.

What vaccines are available for measles, rubella and mumps?

There are several types of vaccines against these diseases. Which will be better for the vaccinated, it is difficult to predict. There is a domestically produced dual vaccine against measles and mumps and an Indian monovalent rubella vaccine, and they are most often given the corresponding vaccinations. Thus, the baby receives two vaccinations at once at a time, the instruction allows this.

There is an imported Belgian triple vaccine priorix, which is used to vaccinate against measles, rubella and mumps at the same time. There are other similar foreign drugs. It is difficult to say which vaccine is better tolerated, much depends on the individual reaction of the vaccinated.

All of these vaccines are based on weak strains of viruses that will not cause disease, but can help the body develop strong immunity against these diseases. As the instructions indicate, the drugs are available in powdered dry form. Before use, they must be diluted, the solvent must be attached. After dilution, the drug should not be stored, kept warm or exposed to light. All this destroys the drug and makes it ineffective.

The instruction prescribes to be vaccinated subcutaneously in the subscapular region of the back or in the shoulder. Children under 3 years of age are given an injection into the outer surface of the thigh. There is a weak fat layer in these places, and if the drug gets into the fat, then the vaccine will be useless. It is deposited there, that is, it simply remains, entering the circulatory system too slowly to obtain a sufficient effect. Revaccination is done upon reaching 6 years before school in case immunity against ailments is not sufficiently formed.

The instruction says that there are some contraindications to vaccinations. These are the following restrictions.

1. Acute diseases and exacerbations of chronic diseases. You can be vaccinated with mild forms of SARS or intestinal disorders, but if the body temperature is not elevated.
2. Pregnancy. Vaccination can be done no later than 3 months before a possible pregnancy.
3. Allergy to the previous administration of the drug.
4. After transfusion of blood products, vaccination can be given no earlier than 3 months after the transfusion procedure.

How might the body react?

For most, the vaccine is tolerated without any reaction at all. The usual local reaction to vaccination is possible. This slight redness and swelling of the injection site occurs in 10% of vaccinated people.

A general reaction of the body is also possible. Body temperature may rise, lymph nodes increase and become painful, a runny nose, sore throat and a slight cough appear. Joint pain and rash may occur. The reaction is most often delayed, that is, it appears 5-15 days after the vaccination. Any such reaction is the norm and indicates that the immune system in the body is working, these are rather side effects. Let's consider all these reactions in more detail.

• The temperature rises. It can rise even up to 39-40 degrees. Up to 37.5-38 degrees, they do not touch it if it is normally tolerated. If the temperature is very high, then it can be knocked down with medicines, there are a great many of them.
• A rash appeared. This is a normal reaction. A small reddish or pinkish rash that appears on the sides, arms or legs after a vaccination is not dangerous and does not mean that a person is sick and contagious.
• Soreness of the joints after vaccination worries the more often, the older the patient's age. After 25 years, 25% of those vaccinated have such a reaction.
• Cough, runny nose, slight sore throat after vaccination are not a pathology and will go away on their own in a couple of days without any special treatment.

Side effects are the body's normal response to foreign strains. If such effects appear, they will soon pass without harm to the body, you can not be afraid of them. Swimming is allowed if the procedure was transferred without reactions.

Possible Complications

It should be said that complications after an injection do happen, but this happens very rarely. But complications after an infection are much more common and can cause real health problems. As complications from the vaccine, the following manifestations can be noted.

• All kinds of allergic reactions, starting with urticaria and ending with anaphylactic shock. Exacerbation of already existing allergic processes. An allergy develops to the antibiotics contained in the preparation. It is also possible for the protein of chicken eggs, which is also found in the medication in trace amounts. And it is there because strains of measles, rubella and mumps are grown in a special nutrient medium, which also includes eggs.
• encephalitis and meningitis. Such complications rarely develop.
• Pneumonia. Immunity from the injection is weakened, and if there were not treated, but muffled diseases in the respiratory system, then they can worsen up to pneumonia.
• A blood test reveals a decrease in the number of platelets, but it is temporary.
• Myocarditis, or inflammation of the heart muscle.
• Abdominal pain. Caused by problems in the gastrointestinal tract. The vaccine dampens the immune system, and the problem worsens at this time.
• Glomerulonephritis.
• Acute toxic shock syndrome. It develops if the vaccine being administered was contaminated with staphylococci.

How to prepare for vaccination

1. If there is a tendency to allergies, then a few days before the injection, antiallergic drugs can be prescribed.
2. In the presence of a chronic disease a few days before, as well as 2 weeks after the procedure, maintenance therapy can be recommended to avoid exacerbation of the underlying disease.
3. Often ill babies before the procedure can be offered restorative agents.
4. Within 2 weeks following the vaccination, it is imperative to watch that there is no contact with sick people.
5. There is no need to travel or start visiting a kindergarten at this time, it is better to wait for the time.

“In our time, it is necessary to be vaccinated as before, diseases have not disappeared anywhere,” says the famous doctor Komarovsky.

“After birth, babies are quite vulnerable and need protection, especially when it comes to infectious diseases that lead to undesirable consequences.” These are the words of Krivonozhko A.V., an experienced pediatrician, Ph.D.

The benefits of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination far outweigh the risks and side effects. Therefore, it is better not to refuse vaccinations, so that later irreparable and deplorable consequences do not arise. Be healthy!

Vaccinations that the baby receives in the first months after birth help his body form a strong immunity against a number of dangerous ailments. This protection allows you to avoid possible infection by direct contact of the child with the source of infection or to transfer the disease in a mild form. The vaccine is administered only to absolutely healthy babies who at the time of vaccination have no contraindications to the injection and feel fine. In the post-vaccination period, it is important to remember that any immune preparation (vaccine) often provokes the occurrence of pathological reactions to the administration of the suspension. The most difficult children in the first year of life tolerate the vaccine that protects against measles, rubella, mumps.

A few days after vaccination against measles, rubella and mumps, the parents of the child should pay maximum attention to the health of their crumbs. Adults are advised to measure the baby's body temperature, monitor his behavior, appetite, bowel movements. It is better if, before the introduction of a vaccine with an anti-measles component and protection against rubella, mumps, a small patient takes an antihistamine. This will protect him from the occurrence of symptoms of an allergic reaction. The question arises. Perhaps it is worth refusing to vaccinate against measles, rubella and mumps, since it causes such ambiguous reactions from the child's body? How to avoid the negative effects of vaccination, and what are the dangers of its complications?

What is a PDA?

According to official statistics, every year such seemingly harmless childhood infections as measles, rubella and mumps provoke the development of epidemics. They are taking lives and causing serious harm to the health of hundreds of thousands of patients of all ages around the globe. The only effective way to prevent these diseases is to get vaccinated according to the national vaccination schedule. Today, the MMR vaccine is used for reliable prevention of measles, rubella and mumps. This vaccination allows the body to develop sufficient immunity to dangerous diseases and minimize the risk of infection.

Comprehensive vaccination of the MMR -, the primary introduction of which should be done at 1 year. Full protection allows you to create a second vaccination against measles, rubella, mumps (), carried out at the age of 6 years. As you know, immunity after vaccination lasts a decade. Therefore, immunologists recommend revaccination of the adult population once every ten years.

The vaccine is given only to healthy children without catarrhal manifestations and other contraindications. Before a medical examination is carried out, which consists of determining the temperature, checking the skin for the presence of a rash, and the like. Together with the PDA, the child may be given a polio vaccine, a tetanus drug, or. Do not transfuse blood before or after vaccination. There should be a pause between the procedures, lasting 8-12 weeks.

Why children need to be vaccinated

Immunization of children is an important event that is regulated at the state level. Vaccines help protect a child from a huge number of infectious diseases and prevent the development of epidemic situations in children's groups. Refusing these vaccinations, the parents of the crumbs should understand that by their actions they expose the baby's body to a likely infection. That is, the ignorance of adults makes the baby vulnerable to viral pathologies with a high risk of complications and even death.

Why is measles infection dangerous?

One of the most common childhood diseases is measles. This disease is 100% contagious, so its single outbreaks will quickly develop into epidemic processes. In particular, the problem is relevant if we are talking about closed teams in which people stay without vaccinations. The disease is transmitted by airborne droplets and has a severe course. It occurs against the background of high temperature, aching joints and is accompanied by painful sensations in the throat, severe intoxication, a characteristic rash on different parts of the skin.

In most clinical cases, measles has a favorable outcome. But this applies to uncomplicated forms of this disease. A number of children have serious complications after measles, namely:

• viral damage to the brain tissue (encephalitis) in humans;
• acute inflammation of the middle ear in a child;
• cervical lymphadenopathy;
• infectious lesions of the bronchial tree and lungs with the onset of symptoms of bronchopneumonia.

This is a dangerous disease, which should be treated under the supervision of a doctor. Observation of the medical staff for the patient will limit the risk of complications in the patient. Although it will not give guarantees regarding their absolute exclusion.

Should I be afraid of rubella

The disease is one of the pathological conditions of viral origin, which children endure quite easily. From the first days of the onset of signs of this disease, the child may have a fever, there are complaints of lethargy and malaise. Approximately on the third day, the infection manifests itself as a red rash that disappears within a week. Like measles, rubella spreads through the air and can also be passed from mother to fetus. The last option is very dangerous for the unborn baby. In pregnant women who have been ill with rubella, children are often born with congenital defects in the development of internal organs, deafness, and mental retardation. Every third such pregnancy ends in stillbirth, fetal fading or early miscarriage.

Rubeola in adults is fraught with its own complications, in particular:

• encephalomyelitis of viral etiology with impaired consciousness;
• hemorrhages in the cerebral tissue and visceral organs;
• convulsions;
• paresis and paralysis.

A transferred episode of this disease will guarantee a person lifelong immunity from the disease. It is impossible for them to get sick twice.

Why You Shouldn't Ignore the Mumps Vaccination

Like measles and rubella, mumps is caused by viral agents and is more commonly diagnosed in children. The disease spreads by air and is manifested by inflammation of the parotid and salivary glands, which changes the contours of the child's face, making it swollen in the lower part.

The incubation period for mumps lasts about 10-14 days. The first signs of the disease include:

• increase in temperature indicators;
• an increase in a person's symptoms of general intoxication;
• soreness and swelling in the area of ​​the submandibular, sublingual and parotid glands.

Like rubella, mumps can hardly be called a dangerous disease. But often after it there are complications that can cause irreparable harm. Among these negative consequences of the disease are:

• inflammation of the testicles in boys with the formation of infertility;
• damage to the thyroid gland and parathyroid glands;
• deterioration of the functioning of the pancreas with the development of diabetes mellitus;
• septic conditions, in particular, serous meningitis.

What are the vaccines?

Measles, rubella and mumps are prevented in our country by drugs with different amounts of active ingredients. For the immunoprophylaxis of these diseases, monovalent vaccines are used, as well as two- and three-component vaccinations.

Single-component vaccines provide the formation of an immune response against one disease. For example, with their help, you can protect yourself from measles, mumps, or just rubella. The drugs are indicated for patients who have a history of the transfer of diseases. This eliminates the possibility of re-infection. Monovalent vaccines must not be mixed. They are entered separately. Among the most popular drugs of this series are:

• domestic L-16;
• Czech vaccination against mumps L-3;
• rubeola vaccines of European and Indian production (Rudivaks, Ervevaks).

Two-component vaccines consist of two components (they lack one of the MMR components). These include and, as well as drugs against measles and mumps. After a divalent vaccine, a person may be offered an injection of a monodrug, that is, an additional injection of a vaccine that immunizes against mumps or rubella. In this case, the introduction of a solution of measles + mumps should take place in different places.

Tripolar vaccines are the most common measles, rubella and mumps vaccines. If a child needs complex immune protection, this will be the best option for creating it, since one injection allows. Belgian is considered the safest in its group.

State vaccination plan

The introduction of MMR, like most other vaccinations, is organized at the level of the Ministry of Health. According to the schedule for the introduction of mandatory vaccinations, the MMR vaccine suspension is administered during the following time periods:

• at the age of 1 year, the vaccine is injected into the thigh area (if a child at 12 months had temporary contraindications to vaccination, then it is transferred until the baby is completely recovered);
• immunization against measles, rubella and mumps at the age of 6 (if the baby has not had infections before that time, from which they plan to vaccinate him), when the vaccine is given in the shoulder;
• revaccination for young female representatives aged 17-19 years on the recommendation of a local doctor;
• revaccination should be every ten years after the last vaccination.

Contraindications for vaccination

The vaccine must not be administered in the following cases:

• the child has intolerance to one of the components of the vaccine, in particular, egg white;
• the occurrence of complications after the previous procedure;
• development of symptoms of acute respiratory illness or exacerbation of chronic pathologies;
• undergoing a course of chemo-, radio- or radiation therapy;
• tendency to develop hypersensitivity reactions;
• severe forms of insufficiency of the heart, kidneys, liver;
• blood diseases, violation of its coagulation function;
• the gestation period and, rubella and baby mumps are two completely incompatible concepts.

Features of the preparatory stage

Vaccination against measles, mumps and rubeolary infection requires special preparation, which should be started a few days before the injection:

• two days before the measles injection, mumps shot, or if rubella vaccination is needed, it is recommended to start taking antiallergic drugs, which will reduce the likelihood of an allergy to the vaccine;
• immediately after vaccination, it is not recommended to introduce new foods into the child's diet, especially if they are potential allergens;
• and mumps, as well as rubella, it is better to do after receiving the results of a blood and urine test;
• a medical examination is mandatory before vaccination;
• after the administration of the vaccine.

In addition, vaccination against measles, rubella and infectious mumps can give negative reactions immediately after the injection. Therefore, it is better to spend this time within the walls of the clinic. In the first days after vaccination, the patient may have a fever. To lower it, antipyretic drugs should be used.

Measles, rubella, mumps: how is the vaccine tolerated?

Any vaccination is regarded by the body as a foreign material. Therefore, a reaction may occur to its introduction, as a manifestation of the immune response to the action of viruses. The vaccine with an immune component against measles is no exception, including an antimumps and antirubella suspension. When weakened or killed viruses enter the bloodstream, several types of reactions appear:

• an increase in temperature, which allows to suspend the process of reproduction of viruses;
• the appearance of a general malaise, since the body spends all its strength on the production of antibodies;
• deterioration in the quality of sleep and appetite associated with an increase in signs of intoxication.

Normal reaction

There are normal and pathological (painful) reactions to the vaccine. After the introduction of an immune solution against measles, as well as rubella, minor changes in the body are more often observed. They pass in 3-7 days and do not leave consequences. These include:

• subfebrile temperature;
• the appearance of tissue swelling at the site of application of the suspension;
• minor headache;
• intoxication syndrome;
• catarrhal phenomena and cough in a child;
• rash on the cheeks and palmar surface of the hands, disappearing without a trace up to 72 hours (reaction to).

Pathological changes

Most often, a complicated reaction can occur in response to a measles vaccine. Less commonly, the cause of pathological disorders are antiviral drugs for mumps and rubeola. Among the most common complications of vaccination, warning, rubella and mumps, there are:

• fever above 39 0 C, which is difficult to correct with the help of anti-heat agents;
• severe soreness in the body (even after taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs);
• a sharp decrease in cardiac pressure;
• the occurrence of measles disease, mumps or rubella in a mild course;
• increased intracranial pressure;
• convulsions;
• generalized rash;
• development of encephalitis provoked by viruses;
• decreased immunity, up to the development of immunodeficiency;
• hemorrhages in the internal cavities and nosebleeds;
• post-vaccination encephalitis.

If pathological symptoms appear, it is necessary to immediately consult a doctor and find out the reasons for their formation, assess the risks of possible complications, and eliminate the undesirable consequences of vaccination.

How to deal with side effects?

A post-vaccination reaction may develop as early as 10 minutes after the injection or within the next week. Complications can be avoided if you take anti-allergy and fever medicines, as well as other drugs prescribed by a pediatrician, before and after the procedure. A light diet, frequent walks in the fresh air and limiting contact with children will also help.

Doctors advise parents to spend a lot of time walking with the child on the street and not to avoid moderate physical activity. It will be possible to improve the condition of the baby by creating a comfortable microclimate in his room and good nutrition. If any pathological effects appear, you should not neglect the advice of a pediatrician. In particularly difficult cases, it will be necessary to immediately call an ambulance team.

Emergency care for complications of MMR immunization may include:

• the introduction of adrenaline in anaphylactic shock in a child;
• immediate hospitalization for cardiac arrhythmias, respiratory disorders, loss of consciousness;
• intramuscular injections of antiallergic solutions for allergy symptoms and rashes all over the body.

Treatment of all complicated conditions should be carried out under the strict supervision of a pediatrician.

And yet it is a reaction to the vaccine. On the night of the 5th to the 6th day, the temperature rose to 39, knocked down with Nurofen 3 times, that night they slept better, there were no more than 38. Yesterday there was a speck on the head, today a rash appeared on the head and face, the cough became softer. The nurse who put it on warned about the temperature and runny nose, but from the ambulance and our district police officer they attributed everything to a cold. I rummaged through the entire Internet, the reaction described to this vaccine is exactly the same as ours. Why are doctors so afraid to admit it? I understand that most often children tolerate it normally, but we apparently fell into these 10-20% of vaccinated children.

From the Internet:

Side effects of the measles-rubella-mumps vaccine

After an injection of the measles-rubella-mumps vaccine, reactions appear after 5 to 15 days. This type of vaccination reaction is called delayed. The delay in reactions is due to the fact that the composition of the drug contains live, but strongly weakened measles, rubella and mumps viruses. After entering the human body, these viruses develop, provoke an immune reaction, the peak of which falls on 5-15 days after the injection.

Common side effects include:

Local reaction to vaccination. Soreness, induration at the injection site, slight infiltration and tissue stiffness can also form on the first day after vaccination. They go away on their own within a few days.

Fever. About 5-15% of people who have been vaccinated with any live measles virus vaccine develop a very high fever - this is normal, usually 5-15 days after vaccination. This usually lasts 1 or 2 days but can last up to 5 days. The temperature reaction can be strong - up to 39 - 40C. But most often the temperature rises slightly. Very young children may experience convulsions, which are not abnormal but simply due to too high body temperature for 8-14 days after vaccination, but they are rare and almost never have long-term consequences.

Raising the temperature does not help the immune system in any way, so it should be knocked down. Best suited for this paracetamol , ibuprofen , nimesulide(incl. Nurofen , nise and etc.). Antipyretic drugs can be used in the form of suppositories, syrups or tablets. It is recommended for children to bring down a low temperature with candles. If they do not help, then give syrups.

Cough. In the first few days, you may experience a slight cough and sore throat. It does not require treatment and resolves within a few days.

Rash. The rash may appear on the entire surface of the body, or only on certain parts. Most often, the rash is localized on the face, behind the ears, on the neck, on the arms, on the buttocks, on the back of the child. The spots of the rash are very small, painted in various shades of pink, sometimes even difficult to distinguish from the natural color of the skin. The rash will pass on its own, you do not need to smear it with any means. This reaction of the body is normal and does not pose a danger. A child or adult with a rash after vaccination is not a source of infection for others.

Enlarged lymph nodes. The live mumps (mumps) vaccine may cause a slight swelling of the lymph nodes that are located near the ears.

Allergic reaction. People who have an anaphylactic allergy (very severe reaction) to eggs or neomycin are at high risk for a severe allergic reaction to the vaccine. Allergic people who do not go into anaphylactic shock are not at higher risk of serious allergic reactions to the vaccine. Mild allergic reactions, including rash and itching, may occur in some people. The rash occurs in about 5% of people who have been vaccinated with a live measles vaccine. Live vaccination against mumps can cause rash and itching, but these symptoms are usually mild.

Mild infection. A mild form of asymptomatic measles can develop in pre-immunized people who have been exposed to the virus, although this is a mild infection and may not be significant.

Pain in the joints. Regarding pain in the joints after vaccination with measles-mumps-rubella, the following pattern was revealed: the older the age of the vaccinated, the more often this reaction manifests itself. Among people over 25 years of age, 25% of people develop joint pain after vaccination. Up to 25% of women 1-3 weeks after vaccination with live rubella virus have joint pain. Such pain usually does not interfere with daily activities and lasts from 1 day to 3 weeks.

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). About 1 in 22,300 doses of the vaccine can cause a rare bleeding disorder called ITP. This can lead to bruising, discoloration of the skin that can spread throughout the body, nosebleeds, or tiny red spots that are almost always mild and temporary (it should be noted that the risk of ITP is much higher with actual infections - rubella in particular).

All these manifestations reflect the process of formation of immunity against infections that is actively taking place in the body. None of these reactions are pathological and do not require treatment. After a few days, the unpleasant symptoms will simply disappear.