Sinusitis is an inflammatory disease of the paranasal maxillary sinuses, which can occur acutely and chronically. Maxillary (maxillary, maxillary) sinuses become inflamed more often than others (frontal, sphenoidal). Why it happens? The answer lies in the anatomical features of the structure of the skeleton of the skull. The canal leading to the sinus is wider and shorter than the other routes to the frontal and sphenoid sinus. This contributes to the rapid penetration of the infection into the sinus through the nasal passages.


Can sinusitis be cured with antibiotics? If the etiology of the inflammatory process is associated with bacteria, then this group of drugs will help to quickly and effectively cure the disease. But there are some peculiarities of prescribing such drugs. It is necessary to choose which antibiotic is better to use in each individual case.

Antibiotics for sinusitis in adults will have a positive effect only if the bacterial flora has become the cause of the development of the disease. Viral and fungal sinusitis is sometimes complicated by the development of a secondary bacterial infection. In this case, antibiotics are also indicated.

The correct method for making a diagnosis would be the sowing of nasal secretions on a nutrient medium with the establishment of an etiological factor. If such a method has been carried out, then laboratory assistants can facilitate the task of selecting a group of drugs by conducting a test for the sensitivity of bacteria to antibiotics.

Symptoms of sinusitis in adults can also indicate the etiology of the disease. The first thing you need to pay attention to is the color of the discharge from the nose. If the snot has a transparent color and a mucous character, then these are signs of a viral or fungal etiology of the disease. If the snot is yellow or greenish in color, has the consistency of purulent masses, then this is definitely a bacterial flora.

It is important to know that the treatment of sinusitis with antibiotics is effective only if the bacterial flora is established, the drugs do not act on other etiological factors. The use will only aggravate the condition, since antibiotics have a pronounced side effect on the body in the form of a weakening of local and general immunity.

Symptoms and treatment completely depend on the degree of development of the disease.

The choice of antibiotic for the treatment of sinusitis

What antibiotics to take for sinusitis? The modern pharmaceutical market has a huge number of drugs. Antibacterial agents are represented by a variety of administration forms. Antibiotics are divided into groups according to the active substance. The choice of the drug depends on the causative agent of the disease, since certain components are sensitive to different representatives of the pathogenic environment.

Additionally, lines of antibiotic therapy are isolated.

1. The first line is the most commonly used antibiotics. The most common types of bacteria are sensitive to them. The medicine has the smallest range of side effects.
2. The second is more effective, reserve groups, which are prescribed when the first line is ineffective.
3. The third line is the most powerful means with a wide range of sensitivity to microorganisms. Antibiotics of this series are more expensive, less safe and not always available.

Why can't you immediately take third-line drugs, because they will definitely kill bacteria? Viruses and bacteria very quickly adapt to changes in environmental conditions and drug exposure. Now, many modified bacteria, depending on the nature of their origin, do not respond to those antibacterial drugs that used to kill them instantly.

Forms of drugs

The pharmaceutical market offers many forms of topical and systemic antibiotics.

The choice of drug depends on the severity and neglect of the process. If the disease has just begun, it is advisable to use local forms of antibiotics:

• nasal sprays - "Polydex";
• inhalers - "Bioparox";
• ointments - "Levomekol";
• drops - "Isofra".

Bioparox inhaler

They are equally effective. The choice of form mainly depends on the personal preferences of the patient. To achieve the maximum effect from the use of topical drugs for sinusitis, it is necessary to pre-rinse the nasal passages with saline.

Systemic drugs are presented in the form:

• tablets and capsules - "Doxycycline", "Amoxicillin", "Azithromycin";
• ampoules with a solution for intravenous and intramuscular administration - "Gentamicin", "Ceftriaxone";
• suspensions - "Cefodox".

Suspension "Cefodox"

Systemic antibiotics are prescribed in the treatment of advanced and complicated forms of sinusitis. It is advisable to conduct complex therapy using local and systemic antibiotics. The complex effect will reduce the dose of drugs, which will reduce the risk of side effects.

It is difficult to say how much sinusitis is treated with antibiotics. Since it all depends on the course of the disease and the drug chosen. The average course of treatment with any antibacterial drug is 5-10 days.

Drug groups

Representatives of the group are based on natural, semi-synthetic or synthetic active ingredients.

Natural antibiotics have a predominantly bactericidal effect, but they also have a mild bacteriostatic effect. Bactericidal action means the death of bacteria that persist in the body. A bacteriostatic action is a block in the development and reproduction of bacteria.

The group has a bactericidal effect due to the beta-lactam ring. The substance is introduced into the cell genome, which allows blocking the synthesis of peptidoglycan, the main component of the cell wall. With the failure of its own defense, the bacterium quickly dies in the aggressive environment of the macroorganism.

Previously, penicillins were used in large doses, since the enzyme neutralized most of the drug without producing the desired effect. Now they produce protected penicillins. An additional link is most often clavulanic acid, but there are penicillins with sulbactam and tazobactam.

Representatives:

• natural penicillins: "Benzylpenicillin", "Phenoxymethylpenicillin";
• semi-synthetic penicillins (more resistant to penicillinases - bacteria adaptation factors): "Oxacillin";
• aminopenicillins: "Amoxicillin";
• carboxypenicillins: "Carbpenicillin";
• ureidopenicillins: Azlocillin, Mezlocillin;
• protected penicillins: "Amoxiclav".

Cephalosporins are an effective group of drugs against sinusitis

This is the most popular group of drugs against sinusitis, as they are representatives of the first line of therapy, but are quite effective against all bacteria. Cephalosporins are more sensitive to gram-negative flora, but this does not reduce their effectiveness to other groups of the bacterial environment.

Drugs can be prescribed in 2 forms: tablets or intravenous / intramuscular injection.

The group has already 5 generations. But 4th and 5th generations are used to treat nosocomial infections, complex bacterial diseases in people with an immunodeficiency state. These generations have a pronounced sensitivity to gram-negative flora.

The best antibiotic for sinusitis is Ceftriaxone. It occurs directly as a powder for injection. An analogue in the form of a suspension is Cefixime. With sinusitis, it is better for adults to use the drug in the form of intramuscular injections. This form of administration has a longer effect (due to gradual resorption). The drug immediately enters the systemic circulation and does not have direct contact with the gastrointestinal tract, so side effects are minimal.

Effective antibiotic "Ceftriaxone"

Cephalosporins have a similar structure to penicillins. They are based on a beta-lactam ring. Therefore, a history of allergic reaction to penicillins is a relative contraindication to taking cephalosporins.

macrolides

This is the least toxic antimicrobial group of drugs that is prescribed for the treatment of sinusitis in adults.

Macrolides have a dual effect: bacteriostatic and bactericidal. Since the drug has a more pronounced bacteriostatic effect, the antibiotic allows the immunity of the macroorganism to independently kill foreign bacteria. The drug is sensitive to acid-resistant species, gram-positive and gram-negative media, as well as some protozoa.

Antibiotic therapy of sinusitis by this group of drugs has good results and statistics.

An effective antibiotic for the treatment of sinusitis from the macrolide group is Azithromycin. It is available in different dosages, the use of which should be correlated not with the severity of the condition, but with the weight of the patient.

Antibiotic from the group of macrolides - "Azithromycin"

It is enough to drink macrolides with sinusitis 1 time per day, since the half-life and circulation of the substance in the blood is 24 hours. Drinking drugs can be a shorter course in relation to other groups of antibiotics, which has a positive effect on the state of the body.

Known drug names:

• "Erythromycin";
• "Summamed";
• "Macropen";
• "Zitroks";
• "Clarithromycin";
• "Zomax".

Aminoglycosides

In the treatment of sinusitis in adults, systemic forms of aminoglycosides are not prescribed, since they have severe side effects. The group is the second line of therapy.

But nasal forms with local exposure have a positive effect with a minimum amount of side effects.

Aminoglycosides have a bacteriostatic and bactericidal effect equally. Representatives of systemic forms: "Gentamicin", "Streptomycin".

Local antibacterial drugs

Aminoglycosides are more effective for sinusitis in the form of nasal sprays:

• neomycin is part of the Polydex nasal spray;
• framycetin - in the composition of the spray "Isofra".

It contains the polypeptide antibacterial substance fusafungin. It is customary to use it in the form of inhalation through the mouth, but there is a special nozzle for inhalation into the nose with sinusitis. The drug has pronounced bacteriostatic and anti-inflammatory effects. In addition, "Bioparox" perfectly copes with infections of the respiratory tract of fungal etiology.

Ointment "Levomekol"- cheap and effective drug in its application. It contains 2 active ingredients: the antibiotic chloramphenicol and methyluracil. The antibacterial drug has a cytostatic effect, and methyluracil promotes the regeneration of damaged mucosa.

Rules for the use of antibiotics

In order for an antibacterial drug for sinusitis to have the maximum effect with a minimum set of side effects, it is necessary to strictly adhere to the doctor's instructions and some rules:

1. The dose is prescribed only by a doctor.
2. During the course of antibiotics, it is desirable to be under the supervision of a specialist.
3. Complete the entire course of antibiotic therapy, following the prescribed scheme.
4. Do not combine medication with plasmapheresis, dialysis, drug sorbents, antacids.
5. Exclude alcohol intake.
6. Take the medicine at the same time with a tolerance of 30 minutes.
7. Tablets should be taken only after meals with a glass of cool boiled water.

It is important to use topical preparations correctly. The use of drops, sprays and inhalers does not cause any particular difficulties, since everything is written in the instructions. But applying the ointment has its own nuances:

1. Before the procedure, rinse the nasal passages and sinuses with saline (to reduce swelling and mechanical cleaning) using a "dolphin" or a large syringe.
2. Soak a piece of sterile cotton wool with ointment.
3. Insert the soaked tampon into the left nostril and lie on the left side. Lie down for 10-15 minutes.
4. Repeat the procedure with the other nostril.

Advantages and disadvantages of treating sinusitis with antibiotics

The advantages of antibiotics in the fight against maxillary sinusitis lie in the purpose of their use. If the body cannot cope with foreign agents on its own, then it should be helped. Therefore, the drug should be directed to the etiological link of treatment. Antibacterial therapy contributes to:

• reduce the cost of the body's forces to fight infection;
• resolution of the disease in a shorter time;
• reducing the risk of developing complications.

Lack of antibiotic use- side effects and possible contraindications for admission.

Side effect of antibiotics

Antibiotic treatment provokes intestinal dysbiosis, vaginosis. The drug does not have a selective action, but acts detrimentally on all bacteria in the macroorganism. Solution to the problem: parallel intake of probiotics.

The medicine has an ulcerogenic effect (ulceration). Failure to comply with the rules for taking tablet forms (in relation to nutrition) often leads to recurrence of ulcers, the development of gastritis. The antibiotic is a powerful factor of aggression for the protective system of the gastric mucosa.

Side effects of antibiotics: nausea, dizziness, diarrhea

Common side effects include:

• nausea during the course;
• difficulty with defecation;
• diarrhea
• headache;
• dizziness.

Whatever antibiotics are used for sinusitis, they always have a negative effect on the kidneys and liver. Therefore, uncontrolled intake of drugs can lead to chronic renal failure or drug-induced hepatitis.

Quite often, the body reacts to medication in the form of an allergy:

• anaphylactic shock;
• angioedema;
• allergic rhinitis;
• tracheo- and laryngospasm;
• hives;

To avoid a severe allergic reaction, the first dose is recommended to be administered fractionally according to the Bezredko method.

Contraindications to the use of antibiotics

Each group of antibacterial drugs has its own characteristics of administration. It is forbidden to take antibiotics of systemic and local action to people:

• with individual intolerance to constituent substances;
• pregnant women;
• with decompensated functions of the liver and kidneys;
• during lactation.

You should carefully study the instructions, since each group has its own number of contraindications.

List of effective antibiotics for sinusitis

The best representatives of antibiotics for sinusitis today are 2-3 generation cephalosporins, macrolides and protected penicillins. Consider a list of frequently purchased and recommended systemic drugs with an inexpensive cost:

• "Ceftriaxone" - the cost is 30-50 rubles, 10-20 UAH for 1 bottle with a capacity of 1g;
• "Azithromycin" - the cost is 100-300 rubles, 30-100 UAH per pack of 3, 10 tablets;
• "Macropen" - the price is 250-400 rubles, 107-120 UAH for 1 bottle of 115 ml;
• "Flemoxin Solutab" - the cost is 200-500 rubles, 80-180 UAH for 20 tablets;
• "Cifran" (ciprofloxacin) - the cost is 400-500 rubles, 240-280 UAH for 10 tablets;
• "Amoxiclav" - the cost is 250-800 rubles, 100-355 UAH for 12 tablets.

Local preparations:

• "Levomekol" - an ointment worth 70-110 rubles, 20-40 UAH;
• "Bioparox" - an inhaler, the price is 300-350 rubles, 100-110 UAH;
• "Polydex" - nose drops, price 300-400 rubles, 130-160 UAH.

The choice of which antibiotic to use for sinusitis is best left to the doctor. Self-medication may be ineffective and will only aggravate the severity of the condition.

Sinusitis is an inflammation of the paranasal sinuses, which can be caused by a number of reasons. Therefore, when characteristic symptoms appear (a runny nose with thick mucus that does not go away for a long time, headache, a feeling of fullness in the infraorbital region), it is necessary to visit a doctor, undergo a diagnosis and receive qualified recommendations. Ignoring the problem, symptomatic measures and self-treatment can result in the transition of sinusitis to a chronic form.

In the vast majority of cases, this disease is of a bacterial nature, therefore, antibiotics for sinusitis are first-line drugs. However, systemic antimicrobial therapy is prescribed only in cases where the patient's body cannot fight the infection on its own for a long time and there is a risk of severe complications. Bacteria from the maxillary sinuses can enter the lower respiratory tract through the bloodstream and cause or even pneumonia. But the main danger is the proximity of the focus of inflammation to the brain and the possibility of developing or.

To understand in which cases the use of antibiotics for sinusitis is really necessary, you need to consider the causes of the development of this disease.

According to the etiology, sinusitis is divided into the following categories (in descending order of occurrence):

Bacterial - caused by pneumonia, pyogenic or viridescent streptococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Escherichia coli, Moraxella, Klebsiella, Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, Proteus and other pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microorganisms. It occurs as a result of the pathogen entering the maxillary sinuses from the upper respiratory tract (rhinitis, pharyngitis), the dental system (, flux, root granuloma, periodontitis) or the general blood flow in inflammatory diseases (scarlet fever, measles). It happens both unilateral and bilateral, more often purulent than catarrhal (only edema);

Viral - caused by rhinoviruses, coronaviruses, adenoviruses, enteroviruses, influenza A and B, parainfluenza. It usually occurs against the background of seasonal, it is always bilateral, most often catarrhal, sometimes asymptomatic and goes away on its own in 1-2 weeks. With viral sinusitis, antibiotics are useless, or rather, harmful. But on the 7-10th day, severe, acute respiratory viral infections or acute respiratory infections can be complicated by a bacterial infection with accumulation of pus in the maxillary sinuses, then antimicrobial therapy is indicated;

Mixed - caused by a complex of reasons, among which there may be viruses, bacteria, fungi and allergens. Often goes from acute to chronic. It is almost always bilateral and is combined with other forms of sinusitis (frontal sinusitis, ethmoiditis and sphenoiditis). It can have any character: purulent, catarrhal, serous, exudative. With mixed viral-bacterial sinusitis, antibiotics are used, however, the selection of the drug must be carried out very carefully based on the results of the tests and the data of the medical history;

Allergic - caused by a negative reaction of the body to allergens, among which inhaled particles predominate (household dust, poplar fluff, plant pollen). It is always bilateral, characterized by severe swelling of the mucous membranes, sneezing and rhinorrhea. Antibiotics for sinusitis of an allergic nature are not needed, measures are prescribed and taken to eliminate the allergen from the patient's everyday life;

Fungal - caused by yeast-like microorganisms and fungi against the background of immunodeficiency states in debilitated patients, the elderly, young children. It is very rare, it is bilateral, it is characterized by a persistent, chronic course, it requires an integrated approach to treatment. With fungal sinusitis, antibiotics are categorically contraindicated;

medical- is caused by prolonged use of drugs that have a detrimental effect on the mucous membranes of the maxillary sinuses and disrupt the normal functioning of the ciliated epithelium, which is responsible for the evacuation of mucus. It usually occurs against the background of the abuse of vasoconstrictor drops in the nose. It is almost always bilateral, it can be atrophic (tissue necrosis), hyperplastic (mucosal proliferation) or cystic-polyposis (the appearance of polyps that overlap the mouth of the maxillary sinuses) in nature. Without the addition of a bacterial infection, such sinusitis is not treated with antibiotics;

Traumatic - caused by mechanical damage to the maxillary sinuses, the accumulation of blood and exudate in them and subsequent inflammation. In this case, the patient is shown antibiotics, physiotherapy, and sometimes surgical treatment.

In order to select the optimal antibacterial drug for the treatment of sinusitis, the doctor takes into account the following patient data:

Medical history - when and under what circumstances the disease arose (seasonal cold, systemic infection, hay fever, trauma), what is the nature of the symptoms (body temperature, degree of intoxication of the body, severity of pain syndrome, color and consistency of nasal mucus), how long ago the person fell ill, tried whether something to be treated independently;

The results of the examination and analyzes- X-ray, complete blood count, bacterial culture;

Age and status- many antibiotics for sinusitis are not used in children, debilitated and elderly people, pregnant and lactating women;

Information about previously used antibiotics- the more often a person is treated with the same antibacterial drug, the less effective it becomes;

The presence of allergies.

Based on this, it can be understood that the most effective antibiotic for sinusitis will be the drug to which the pathogen is sensitive, there is no resistance, allergies and contraindications, side effects and harm to the body are minimal. Since most modern antibiotics have a very broad spectrum of action and are active against almost all microbes that cause sinusitis, the need for bacterial culture and the establishment of a specific culprit of the disease arises only when the course of therapy has not yielded results.

The most commonly used and effective antibiotics for sinusitis fall into four groups:

These are synthetic penicillins in combination with special substances that neutralize bacterial resistance. Over the years of active use of penicillins and cephalosporins, many pathogens have adapted to them and developed an enzyme from the beta-lactamase group, called "penicillinase", which simply destroys the drug that enters the body and prevents it from fighting the infection. To avoid this, sulbactam or clavulanic acid is added to penicillins.

Most effective against sinusitis:

Ampicillin sulbactamates (Ampisid, Libakcil, Unazin, Sultasin, Sulbacin, Sulacillin, Sultamicillin);

Amoxicillin clavulanates (Amoxiclav, Ekoklav, Rapiclav, Flemoklav, Panklav, Augmentin).

The usual amoxicillin, which is sold for a lot of money under the brand name Flemoxin Solutab, in most cases does not help with sinusitis.

Protected penicillins have a bactericidal effect (destroy bacteria), moreover, they do it targetedly, since they are guided by special markers of the cell membranes of pathogens. There are no similar cells in the human body, so this therapy does not destroy healthy tissues. Penicillins are widely used to treat sinusitis in children. However, this group of drugs often occurs, and long-term use is fraught with an imbalance in the microflora of internal organs, side effects from the gastrointestinal tract, and the development of fungal infections. Another minus of penicillins is the short half-life, which is why the pills have to be taken every 4-6 hours.

These drugs are very convenient to use, because they accumulate well in tissues and remain in them for a long time. Macrolides of the latest generations are sold in packages containing only a few capsules. Uncomplicated infections are successfully treated even with a single dose. If the patient has an individual intolerance to penicillins, an atypical or mixed form of the disease, macrolides will be the most effective antibiotics for sinusitis.

The disadvantages include the high cost of some drugs in this group. Use in childhood, during pregnancy and lactation is possible when the potential risk is lower than the expected benefit.

Macrolides are divided into:

14-membered - Erythromycin, Roxithromycin (Rulid, Xitrocin, Elrox, Roxilor, Rovenal), Clarithromycin (Klacid, Klabaks, Claricin, Ecocitrin, Fromilid Uno);

15-membered Azithromycin and its analogues, called azalides (Hemomycin, Sumamed, Azitral, Azitrox, Azitrus, Zitrolid, Zi-factor);

16-membered - Midecamycin (Macropen, Midepin), Spiramycin (Rovamycin, Spiramisar), Josamycin (Vilprafen).

This is one of the most numerous and long-used groups of antibiotics. They have a bactericidal effect. To date, there are already five generations of cephalosporins. In terms of the breadth of the antibacterial spectrum, they do not exceed penicillins and, especially, macrolides, however, they are resistant to beta-lactamases - enzymes that explain the resistance of some pathogens of sinusitis. However, this statement is true for far from all cephalosporins.

If a patient is allergic to penicillins, then with a high probability he will have a negative reaction to cephalosporins. Side effects are also similar, treatment of sinusitis in children is possible during pregnancy and the issue is resolved individually. Many drugs in this group are unsuitable for oral administration, because they are not absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, and even strongly irritate the mucous membranes. The advantages of cephalosporins as antibiotics for sinusitis include an affordable price.

This is important: cephalosporins are absolutely incompatible with alcohol, since they inhibit the synthesis of the aldehyde dehydrogenase enzyme by the liver, which is necessary to neutralize the toxic effects of ethanol breakdown products on the body.

Cephalosporins are divided into:

1st generation - Cefazolin (Lizolin, Kefzol, Zolfin), Cefalexin (Ecocephron, Sporidex, Lexin);

2nd generation - Cefuroxime (Zinacef, Cefurus, Aksetin), Cefoxitin (Anaerocef, Boncefin, Mefoxin);

3rd generation - Cefixime (Supraks, Maksibat, Lopraks), Ceftriaxone (Rocefin, Azaran, Lendacin);

4th generation - Cefpir (Isodepem, Cefanorm), Cefepim (Cefomax, Maximim);

5th generation - Ceftobiprol (Zaftera), Ceftolosan.

The drugs of this group are very different from other antibiotics from sinusitis, because they are completely synthetic and do not occur in wildlife. Fluoroquinolones have a wide range of antibacterial effects, have a very rapid and pronounced bactericidal effect on most pathogens of sinusitis, including its atypical forms caused by chlamydia or mycoplasmas. However, due to their high toxicity and alien, artificial origin, they often lead to the development of allergies and the occurrence of severe side effects from the gastrointestinal tract and nervous system.

As antibiotics for sinusitis in children, fluoroquinolones are considered only in extreme cases; they are categorically contraindicated for pregnant and lactating women. Another disadvantage of drugs in this group is the high price, but if you look for a medicine by the active substance, and not by a well-known brand, you can save a lot.

Fluoroquinolones are divided into:

1st generation - Ofloxacin (Tarivid, Zanotsin), Pefloxacin (Abaktal, Yunikpev);

2nd generation - Ciprofloxacin (Tsiprolet, Tsifran, Tsifrinol, Tsiprobay, Ecocifol), Norfloxacin (Nolitsin, Normaks, Norbaktin);

3rd generation - Levofloxacin (Glevo, Tavanik, Levostar), Sparfloxacin (Sparflo, Respara, Sparbakt);

4th generation - Moxifloxacin (Moxin, Avelox, Megaflox), Gemifloxacin (Faktiv).

Pros and cons of antibiotics for sinusitis

The best antibiotic for sinusitis can be selected by analyzing a swab from the nose. 48 hours after taking the prescribed antibiotic, there must be a positive reaction, otherwise an urgent replacement will be required. Perhaps the pathogen has managed to develop resistance to this antibiotic, or the nature of sinusitis is not bacterial - it is viral, fungal, allergic or mixed.

Ceftriaxone for sinusitis

Along with many other cephalosporin-type antibiotics, ceftriaxone is considered an effective drug for the treatment of sinusitis. It belongs to the third generation and has a powerful bactericidal effect against the vast majority of microbes that cause sinusitis. Ceftriaxone is very often prescribed for inflammatory diseases of the nasopharynx, throat, bronchi and lungs. Its effectiveness is so high that it is even used to treat sepsis, peritonitis and meningitis.

pros

The main advantage of Ceftriaxone is the high effectiveness of the treatment of bacterial infections, the development of which needs to be urgently stopped. Since this antibiotic has a strong and rapid bactericidal effect, it is very well suited for the treatment of acute sinusitis, accompanied by severe pain, fever, a large accumulation of pus in the sinuses and severe intoxication of the body. In such a situation, it is bactericidal and non-bacteriostatic antimicrobials for sinusitis that are most effective and help you get back on your feet faster.

The second undoubted plus of Ceftriaxone is that it is a modern drug that is resistant to beta-lactamase, which means that the likelihood that the causative agent of sinusitis will be resistant to it is close to zero. The third advantage of Ceftriaxone is its affordable price: you can buy a package of powder in ampoules for the preparation of an injection solution of domestic production for 25-50 rubles. Foreign analogues (Rocefin, Azaran, Lendatsin) cost from 500 to 2500 rubles.

Minuses

The main disadvantage of Ceftriaxone is associated with a high risk of side effects. Treatment of sinusitis with this drug is sometimes accompanied by gastrointestinal disorders, jaundice and interstitial. Therefore, antibiotics from the cephalosporin group are not the first choice in the case of sinusitis. Ceftriaxone is prescribed to pregnant women only if other therapies have failed and there is a threat to life. During breastfeeding, the drug is contraindicated. For the treatment of sinusitis in young children, the dosage is selected individually.

The second obvious minus of Ceftriaxone is the impossibility of oral administration, since this antibiotic, like many other cephalosporin drugs, is practically not absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and has a strong irritating effect on the mucous membranes. Ceftriaxone is administered intravenously or intramuscularly 1-2 times a day and in no case is mixed with calcium solutions. As we mentioned above, cephalosporins are also completely incompatible with ethanol.

The third disadvantage of Ceftriaxone as an antibiotic for sinusitis is the numerous undesirable interactions with other drugs. When combined with drugs that reduce platelet aggregation (for example, with conventional Aspirin), there is a risk of developing internal bleeding. And when taken simultaneously with loop diuretics, the nephrotoxic effect of Ceftriaxone is aggravated. Mixing this drug with antibiotics of other groups to enhance the effect is unacceptable.

Augmentin (amoxiclav) from sinusitis

The drug Augmentin (aka amoxiclav) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that has a powerful bactericidal effect on most pathogens of sinusitis. It belongs to the category of protected semi-synthetic aminopenicillins, which contain clavulanic acid, a special substance that destroys beta-lactamase enzymes, with which bacteria try to destroy antibiotics from sinusitis, although it should be the other way around. A popular analogue of Augmentin is the drug Amoxiclav: they have an absolutely identical composition, but a slightly different price - the second option is cheaper.

pros

Augmentin is a modern antibacterial drug developed by the specialists of the British pharmaceutical company SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, which has a very high reputation in the market, is famous for the high quality and safety of its products. It is the protected semi-synthetic aminopenicillins, such as Augmentin and Amoxiclav, that are today considered the most effective antibiotics for sinusitis, since they are not afraid of the acquired resistance of pathogens.

The second undoubted plus of Augmentin is that this antibiotic has a selective bactericidal effect, recognizing pathogenic microbes by special markers on their cell membranes. And since there are no similar cells in the human body, during the treatment of sinusitis with Augmentin, healthy tissues will not be damaged. That is why protected semi-synthetic aminopenicillins of the latest generation are most often used in the treatment of ENT diseases in children.

The third indisputable advantage of Augmentin is its ease of use - to maintain the therapeutic effect, it is enough to take the drug 2 times a day. In some special cases, a single daily dose or division of the dosage into 3-4 doses is indicated.

Minuses

All the disadvantages of Augmentin, like other penicillin antibiotics used to treat sinusitis, are centered around side effects. Patients often experience nausea and. Cases of damage to the liver and kidneys are known. Sometimes local allergic reactions develop, candidiasis, as well. Among the disadvantages of Augmentin, it is difficult not to attribute its high cost.

Sumamed from sinusitis

Sumamed belongs to the second generation of macrolides, consisting of 15-membered azalides - Azithromycin and its analogues. However, it is Sumamed that is the most popular drug in this group, since it is produced by reputable pharmaceutical companies (Teva - Israel and PLIVA HRVATSKA - Croatia), is of high quality and has been successfully used to treat complex bacterial infections, including sinusitis, for many years.

pros

The main advantage of Sumamed is the widest possible antibacterial spectrum. This antibiotic is effective even with atypical sinusitis caused by obligate microorganisms - mycoplasma and chlamydia. If we are talking about a mixed, multifactorial infection with a chronic course, it is Sumamed with its bacteriostatic effect that can stop sinusitis and prevent remission. This drug deprives the bacteria of the opportunity to multiply, which means that no matter how many of them are in the body at the time of the start of therapy, the disease will inevitably stop, because the existing pathogens will gradually destroy the cells of the immune system, and new colonies will not be able to appear.

The second huge plus of Sumamed is a record short course of treatment of sinusitis (5-7 days) and ease of administration (1 capsule per day). This drug accumulates very well in the tissues and stays there for a long time, so there is no need to take pills every 4-6 hours, as is the case with many other popular antibiotics for sinusitis.

The third advantage of Sumamed is the relatively low risk of side effects. Only about 10% of patients undergoing treatment of sinusitis with this drug report malfunctions in the gastrointestinal tract (nausea, heartburn, dry mouth, epigastric discomfort, diarrhea) or troubles from the nervous system (headache, fatigue, insomnia). Allergic reactions and serious pathologies of internal organs develop during Sumamed therapy extremely rarely.

Minuses

The main disadvantage of Sumamed from sinusitis is the restrictions on the age, status and health of the patient. This antibiotic is contraindicated in pregnant and lactating women, children under 12 years of age (we are talking about oral capsules, powder is available for babies), as well as people with severe kidney and liver failure and a number of other serious diseases.

The disadvantages of such an effective antibiotic for sinusitis as Sumamed can only be attributed to a high price, but this problem can be easily solved by selecting an affordable analogue. If the original Sumamed costs 400-500 rubles, then domestic Azithromycin will cost you from 80 to 120 rubles, and it will cure chronic sinusitis just as effectively.

Macropen from sinusitis

Macropen belongs to the last, third generation of macrolides. The active substance of this drug is called midecamycin. Compared with its predecessor, azithromycin, this antibiotic is even less toxic to the human body and has an even more pronounced bacteriostatic effect against the vast majority of pathogens of sinusitis, including atypical, chronic and mixed forms of the disease.

pros

Continuing to compare Macropen and Sumamed in terms of their effectiveness in the treatment of sinusitis, we note a higher absorption rate and the onset of a therapeutic effect in Macropen - an hour after taking the drug, the required concentration of the substance is established in the patient's blood. However, the half-life of midecamycin is shorter than that of azithromycin, therefore, a more modern antibiotic will have to be taken more often - 1 capsule of 400 mg 3 times a day (for adults and children weighing more than 30 kg).

The second most important advantage of Macropen, not only over other macrolides, but also over any antibiotics for sinusitis, is the minimal risk of unwanted side effects. In very rare cases, patients complain of nausea, diarrhea, hives or headache. The incidence of complications even with prolonged use of Macropen does not exceed 4%.

Minuses

The disadvantages of Macropen include restrictions on the status and state of health of patients: it is not prescribed to people with severe forms of renal and hepatic insufficiency and with a number of other serious pathologies. However, absolutely all antibiotics for sinusitis have the same contraindications for use, so the question of the appropriateness of therapy should be decided individually. The same applies to the treatment of sinusitis in pregnant women - the risk must be justified.

The second minus of Macropen is a rather high cost (250-400 rubles), moreover, it is unlikely that it will be possible to choose a more affordable analogue. Midecamycin is one of the most modern antibiotics, so the pharmacological industry has not yet managed to release many drugs based on it, as in the case of its predecessor, azithromycin.

Flemoxin Solutab from sinusitis

Flemoxin Solutab is the most popular brand today, under which the well-known antibiotic of the penicillin series amoxicillin in the form of trihydrate has been produced for a long time. It is active against bacteria that most often cause acute sinusitis (pneumonic streptococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Moraxella, Klebsiella, etc.) and has a rapid and pronounced bactericidal effect on them.

pros

The main advantage of Flemoxin lies in its selectivity - only the cells of the pathogens are destroyed, and the tissues of the human body do not suffer from the toxic effect of the drug. For this reason, amoxicillin is the first line antibiotic in the treatment of sinusitis, including in young children.

The popularity of the Flemoxin Solutab tablets themselves, compared with other brands of amoxicillin, is explained by two reasons: firstly, the trihydrate is absorbed faster and easier by the gastrointestinal tract, without causing irritation of the mucous membranes. And secondly, Flemoxin Solutab is a convenient, easily broken into two halves chewable tablets with a pleasant tangerine-lemon taste.

Minuses

We already talked about the contraindications and side effects of amoxicillin when we considered Augmentin and Amoxiclav - in this respect, the drugs are identical. However, it is in their differences that the main minus of Flemoxin lies. The fact is that it is an unprotected antibiotic and is destroyed by penicillinase, an enzyme with which many bacteria successfully “defend themselves” from antimicrobial therapy. Resistance of causative agents of acute sinusitis to the drug Flemoxin Solutab has become common in recent years, especially in pediatric practice.

But even if sinusitis is successfully treated with unprotected amoxicillin, you will have to take tablets 3-4 times a day for 7-14 days due to the short half-life of the active substance from the body. Given the high cost of the drug Flemoxin Solutab (up to 600 rubles, depending on the dosage), a full course of therapy will cost a tidy sum.

Isofra with sinusitis

Isofra is a topical antibacterial drug for sinusitis in the form of a nasal spray. The active component of Isofra is the antibiotic framycetin, which belongs to the group of aminoglycosides and has a bactericidal effect on some pathogens of sinusitis (staphylococcus, Escherichia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella, Enterobacterium, Proteus). Framycetin is not used orally, since it is very toxic to the human body, however, irrigation of the nasopharynx with Isofra spray is accompanied by scanty absorption of the drug into the blood, so this treatment of sinusitis is effective and safe.

pros

The main advantage of Isofra nasal spray over other antibiotics for sinusitis is the almost complete absence of contraindications for use and side effects, because the active substance does not penetrate the gastrointestinal tract (and therefore cannot cause nausea or diarrhea, or linger in the body due to kidney or liver dysfunction ) and does not accumulate in the blood (and therefore cannot cause allergies or problems from the nervous system).

The undoubted advantages of Isofra from sinusitis include ease of use: one light press allows you to get the exact dose of the drug (for adults 4-6 times a day, one injection in each nostril, and for children - 3 times). Isofra has a subtle lemon aroma, so the treatment of sinusitis and runny nose does not cause dissatisfaction in the smallest patients. The drug is produced in France by the pharmaceutical company Laboratoires BOUCHARA-RECORDATI, which is also known for its effective antiviral drug Polydex.

Minuses

A significant minus of Isofra is the narrowness of the antibacterial spectrum. The fact is that framycetin does not have a bactericidal effect on streptococcus pneumoniae, and this is one of the most commonly diagnosed pathogens of acute sinusitis. Resistant to it and anaerobic microorganisms (Peptostreptococci, bacterioids, fusobacteria), which also sometimes cause sinusitis, especially its chronic and constantly recurring forms. Therefore, it is advisable to conduct a short 7-10-day course of treatment of sinusitis with Isofra, and if it does not work, move on to another drug.

The disadvantages of the Isofra spray include a rather high price (250-400 rubles), but this is the only effective local antibiotic for sinusitis, so it is worth the money. The only contraindication to its use is damage to the partitions and the period after the puncture of the maxillary sinuses, since in this case the active substance will penetrate into the blood in an unacceptably large volume.

Dioxidine for sinusitis

Dioxidine (hydroxymethylquinoxaline dioxide) is a very broad-spectrum bactericidal antibiotic, a derivative of quinoxaline. It is active against all strains of streptococcus and staphylococcus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli, shigella, salmonella, and pathogenic anaerobes. Causative agents of sinusitis that are resistant to other antibiotics usually do not withstand the onslaught of dioxidine, so the drug has long been successfully used to treat rhinitis and sinusitis. The optimal form is a 0.5% solution in ampoules, which should be instilled into the nose.

pros

The main advantage of Dioxidin, as a local antiseptic for sinusitis, is the breadth of the antibacterial spectrum and rapid sanitation of the nasopharynx. By instilling 5 drops of the solution into each previously cleaned nostril 4-6 times a day, in a week you can count on a radical improvement in well-being in the acute form of the disease.

The second plus of this drug is its relatively affordable price - one ampoule will cost you about 50 rubles. However, keep in mind that after opening it can not be stored in the refrigerator for more than one day. Therefore, for a full course of treatment of sinusitis with this antiseptic, most likely, the entire package of 10 ampoules will go.

Minuses

Dioxidin is extremely toxic, moreover, it is absorbed into the blood through the mucous membranes when the solution is administered intranasally in volumes sufficient to develop side effects. Therefore, the official instructions for the drug states that it is contraindicated in pregnant and lactating women, as well as children under 18 years of age. But, despite this, many practicing ENT doctors prescribe this antibiotic for the treatment of sinusitis, even for babies 3-4 years old. How to accept such recommendations is the personal choice of parents.

The second disadvantage of Dioxidin is that by itself it does not cure sinusitis completely, therefore it is always prescribed as part of complex antibacterial therapy. That is, you will not only have to bury a potentially dangerous (and, by the way, terribly bitter) liquid in your nose, but also take antibiotics orally or by injection. It is obvious that such an approach to the treatment of sinusitis is justified only in the case of a severe, complicated course of the disease and a real threat to health.

Education: In 2009 he received a diploma in the specialty "Medicine" at Petrozavodsk State University. After completing an internship at the Murmansk Regional Clinical Hospital, he received a diploma in the specialty "Otorhinolaryngology" (2010)

And antibiotics for sinusitis are used as part of business complex treatment regimens. They are the best basis of the therapeutic model for inflammation of the maxillary sinuses and allow the pathology to be completely cured.

The selection of a suitable drug, dosage, frequency and duration of the course of treatment, is carried out only by a doctor, taking into account the age of the patient, the severity of the pathological process, and the individual characteristics of the body.

To eliminate the root cause of the inflammatory process that affects the mucous membrane of the maxillary sinuses, the following list of antibacterial drugs can be used:

• penicillin series- well tolerated by patients, used in uncomplicated forms of sinusitis, especially in the treatment of younger age groups. The doctor may recommend the use of Ampicillin, Amoxicillin, Amoxiclav, Flemoxin Solutab. Among the shortcomings, low efficiency is noted when exposed to pathogens that are insensitive to penicillin. The daily dosage of Amoxicillin is recommended to be divided into several doses, the tablets are used after the main meal, no more than 1 week.
• Medications from the macrolide group prescribed for the ineffectiveness of other groups of antibiotics and intolerance to penicillins. One of the drugs of choice may be drugs based on azithromycin, clarithromycin, midecamycin.
• Medicines that belong to the antibacterial group of fluoroquinolones may be used.: based on levofloxacin, ofloxacin, moxifloxacin. These are the most powerful and most effective representatives of the group of antibiotics, which are used in both acute and chronic sinusitis.
• Cephalosporin drugs used in the severe course of the pathological process. The possibility of using Ceftriaxone, Cefotaxime, Cefuroxime, Cefpodoxime is being considered. Sometimes doctors decide to combine several cephalosporins at once (Cefixime + Cefpodoxime). Such a combination of active substances has an effective effect on most pathogenic microorganisms that provoke the development of the pathological process.

Treatment of sinusitis with antibiotics from the fluoroquinolone group is not recommended for children and adolescents due to the high risk of developing irreversible processes that affect cartilage tissues. All drugs are available in tablets and this list is enough to get rid of both acute and chronic forms of the disease.

The danger of self-treatment

After getting acquainted with the information about which antibiotic is better for sinusitis, it is recommended to refrain from self-medication.

The appointment of any drug requires a batereological culture of mucus from the paranasal sinuses on nutrient media to detect sensitivity to a particular antibacterial agent.

If the drugs are used on their own, the treatment will be ineffective, besides, there is a great chance for bacteria to make a mistake. resistance will develop(resistance) to the active substance.

This is especially dangerous in the case of fluoroquinolones - after all, only they act on Koch's wand. If the patient is a hidden carrier, and the bacteria have developed resistance to a single drug, this will mean a death sentence for the patient.

Local antibiotics

If there are contraindications to the use of systemic antibiotic therapy, the doctor will prescribe the use of topical antibiotics.

Such drugs contribute to the provision of a bactericidal effect and can quickly facilitate nasal breathing, reduce swelling. Preparations intended for local action are produced in the form of a spray and nasal drops.

Drugs of local action are ineffective in the treatment of acute and chronic forms of the pathological process. In this case, the proper therapeutic result is demonstrated by antibacterial drugs intended for oral and parenteral administration.

Sprays

The most effective sprays used to treat sinusitis are Isofra, Sinuforte, Rinofluimucil, Polydex, Bioparox. The latter has not been produced since 2016, since the active substance of the drug caused anaphylactic shock in a number of patients, among whom one fatal case was recorded.

Let's take a closer look at each of these drugs.

Isofra

Cheap antibiotic spray for the treatment of sinusitis based on framycetin sulfate (an antibacterial substance from the aminoglycoside group). The cost is about 250 rubles.

Dosages:

1. Adult patients are recommended 1 injection of the drug up to 6 times a day.
2. Children over 12 months: 1 dose of the drug no more than 3 times a day.

It is well tolerated, although allergic reactions have been reported in some cases. Isofra is not recommended for use in combination with other intranasal drugs.
The duration of the course of treatment is no more than 10 days. If after 1 week there are no visible improvements, you should consult your doctor again.

Polydex

Inexpensive antibiotic (from 249 rubles) of combined action.

The composition of the drug includes dexamethasone, neomycin and polymyxin B, which contribute to the provision of anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects at the same time.

The combination of several antibacterial substances has a strong effect on gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms.

Dosages:

• Adults: 1 spray in each nasal passage up to 5 times a day.
• Children (2.5-15 years): 1 injection of the drug up to 3 times a day.

Allergic reactions and, in rare cases, skin manifestations may develop.

Particular caution is required when using Polydex in the treatment of patients with a history of hyperthyroidism, coronary artery disease, and arterial hypertension.

The duration of treatment is up to 10 days. The drug is not intended to wash the paranasal sinuses.

Rinofluimucil

A good combination drug with a mucolytic and anti-inflammatory effect, which includes acetylcysteine ​​and tuaminogepan.

Dosages:

• Adults: 2 injections up to 4 times a day.
• Children: 1 spray up to 4 times a day.

The spray can provoke high blood pressure, increased heart rate, impaired urination, and the development of allergic reactions. With prolonged use, addiction to the drug may occur.

The duration of use of Rinofluimucil is no more than 7 days. The spray may reduce the effectiveness of drugs that have an antihypertensive effect.

Sinuforte

Herbal remedy based on cyclamen extracts, which has a combined effect: decongestant and leads to reflex hypersecretion.

The dosage for adults and children over 5 years of age is the same: the drug is used 1 time per day, daily or every other day.

Local reactions may occur in the form of a burning sensation in the nasopharynx, short-term reddening of the face, increased lacrimation and salivation. The duration of the course of treatment is from 8 to 16 days.

Elimination or significant reduction of headache is observed after 4-6 injections of the agent.

Nasal drops

• In the process of instillation of the drug, the patient should be in the supine position on his side.
• First you need to inject the medicine into the nostril that is located below.
• After using the medicine, it is recommended to remain in the original position for several minutes.
• Repeat all the described actions with the second nostril.

Tablet forms

Antibacterial drugs listed at the very beginning of the article are in the form of tablets for oral administration.

These are first-line drugs, and they form the basis of complex therapy in most cases.

Antibiotics in tablets for sinusitis are supplemented with the use of:

• Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (Nurofen), which contribute to the elimination of the inflammatory process, the normalization of body temperature, and the provision of an analgesic effect.
• Sinupret is a multicomponent phyto-drug that has a mucolytic and anti-inflammatory effect. Adults are recommended to take Sinupret 2 tablets three times a day, without chewing and drinking plenty of liquid. The drug is well tolerated, in rare cases, nausea, heartburn, and vomiting have been reported.
• Gamorina is the name of a multicomponent homeopathic medicine that is prescribed for uncomplicated forms of chronic sinusitis, as well as for their exacerbations. The agent is used 5 granules three times a day 20 minutes before the main meal or 60 minutes after the meal. The tool can be used up to 4 times a day. The duration of admission is 20 days, the advisability of further use of Gamorin is determined by the doctor, taking into account the effect. The use of granules in the treatment of patients under 18 years of age is not recommended.
• Cinnabsin is a homeopathic remedy that is used in acute and chronic sinusitis. With an exacerbation of sinusitis, Cinnabsin is used 1 tablet every 60 minutes, 30 minutes before meals or half an hour after the main meal. The chronic course of the inflammatory process requires prolonged use of Cinnabsin.

Injectable drugs

In the treatment of patients with nosocomial sinusitis, it may be necessary to use injectable antibiotics:

• Ceftriaxone, Cefotaxime, Ceftazidime, which are active against gram-negative microorganisms.
• Cefuroxime (Zinacef) - injections should be done every 8 hours, the use of lidocaine is recommended as a solvent. Meropenem.

Often the drugs of choice for intramuscular administration are drugs from the group of aminoglycosides: Gentamicin or Tobramycin. Such drugs are not active against steroptococci and other anaerobes, however, they demonstrate efficacy against Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella.

The dosage is selected taking into account the patient's body weight, the frequency of injections: twice a day.

The main disadvantage is the risk of side effects that provoke hearing loss.

For this reason, aminoglycosides should only be used when absolutely necessary, under medical supervision.

Features of the treatment of acute form

Treatment of the acute form of the disease involves the consistent use of the following steps:

• The patient needs to rinse the nasal passages using a saline solution, a decoction of herbs (chamomile, calendula), isotonic solutions purchased at a pharmacy (Aqua Maris, Marimer, Humer). Washing allows you to clear the nasal passages, helps to eliminate edema, locally affects the inflammatory process.
• Medical treatment involves the use Augmentin, Macropen, Flemoxin Solutaba. Before choosing a suitable medicine, the active ingredient of which is active against the causative agent of the pathological process, research is carried out. Before receiving their results, the doctor may recommend the use of broad-spectrum drugs. Additionally, local antibacterial and mucolytic agents are used.
• The severe course of the pathological process (if it threatens the patient's life in the form of sepsis or meningitis) may require radical measures: puncture of the maxillary sinus. The procedure is performed by an otolaryngologist in stationary conditions, with strict observance of the rules of antiseptics. After the puncture, anti-inflammatory drugs and physiotherapy are prescribed.

Among the elements of physiotherapy, preference is given to UVI, UHF, electrophoresis, and laser treatment.

Additionally, traditional medicine (, antiseptics with a nebulizer, applications of beekeeping products, aloe, celandine, kalanchoe) may be involved by prior agreement with the doctor.

In the last century, the use of a special group of drugs - antibiotics - was very popular. They began to be used to treat all ailments, infectious nature. A whole era of antibiotics has come - it was not difficult to purchase them at any pharmacy, so patients practically determined their own course of treatment. Consequently, improperly selected drugs caused a side effect in the form of an allergy, as well as resistance to the effects of an antibiotic.

The new time has given drugs that are based on plant materials and are able to quickly eliminate the inflammatory process. On the contrary, not all groups of antibiotics are able to resist pathogenic viruses that provoke diseases such as herpes, some types of influenza, and the most common sinusitis. Therefore, it is advisable to figure out which antibiotics are effective for eliminating sinusitis and its consequences.

When the nasal sinuses become inflamed (the more accurate name is the maxillary sinuses), then such an unpleasant ailment as sinusitis occurs. Very often it acts as a complication of the simplest cold.

It is not at all difficult to determine the first symptoms in an adult. The first symptoms that should become the driving force behind an urgent trip to the doctor are characterized by:

1. When a person has a pressing and bursting feeling in the area of ​​​​the sinuses.
2. After that, mucous discharge may appear. In the absence of therapy, the inflammatory process intensifies and this can be understood by the green tint of the mucous secretions. In the event of the appearance of yellowish discharge, it is worth sounding the alarm, as this indicates the beginning of a purulent process.
3. Pain in the area of ​​the maxillary sinuses begins to disturb, which can intensify in the evening and radiates to the head. Also, the pain becomes much stronger when bending over.
4. The patient feels a breakdown, and the temperature rises significantly. But for chronic sinusitis (if the patient started the disease or chose the wrong therapy), then the temperature increase is not typical.

How is the diagnosis confirmed?

To determine the disease, radiography is used, it is thanks to it that the presence of purulent contents in the sinuses is determined. The most outdated method of treatment is a puncture. The procedure is not pleasant and scary for almost every adult. Fortunately, this technique has gone far into the past and is rarely used because of the dangerous consequences and extreme pain.

It is important! Remember that the doctor must send the patient to a smear, which determines the type of microorganism that provoked sinusitis. As a result, it is possible to choose an effective antibiotic as accurately as possible, which will quickly cope with the infection.

Antibiotics: when are they needed?

The first alarming symptoms are expressed in the form of copious purulent discharge, severe pain, which gives off to the head and fever. If sinusitis has not passed into the purulent stage, then you can get by with home treatment, which involves washing the nasal sinuses with a special solution, instillation with drops, herbal inhalations.

Before you start taking antibiotics, you should determine which pathogen caused the inflammatory process. As already mentioned, this can be done through a smear. You can not independently establish a diagnosis, and select antibiotics at random - this can lead to irreparable consequences. When the type of pathogens or virus is known, it is not difficult for a specialist to select the correct effective group of antibiotics.

Note! There are a number of cases when taking antibiotics will be completely useless. First of all, with allergic reactions. Against their background, sinusitis can easily begin to develop. Therefore, treatment with antibiotics will be inappropriate and ineffective. A similar result should be expected when a fungal infection has become a provocateur of sinusitis.

Without knowing the clinical picture of the course of the disease, one cannot ignore going to a specialist and confirming the diagnosis with subsequent diagnosis for the correct selection of medicines.

How are antibiotics taken correctly?

For successful treatment, a properly selected drug is not enough. After all, the result of recovery directly depends on the actions of the patient - how he complies with the doctor's instructions, whether he interrupts antibiotics, whether he uses additional self-prescribed drugs that can block the action of the antibiotic.

So, a specialist, depending on the complexity of the course of the disease, prescribes an antibiotic in the form of injections, oral administration, or in the form of topical application. With moderate severity of sinusitis, they usually manage with tableted antibiotics. A more severe lesion requires mandatory intravenous administration, but it can also be intramuscularly. Upon relief, the patient will be transferred to oral medication.

When taking antibiotics, the patient must comply with the following recommendations:

1. Do not deviate from the dose prescribed by the doctor.
2. Take the drug strictly on time.
3. Do not interrupt the prescribed course of antibiotics unless side effects are observed.
4. Do not additionally take other drugs not agreed with the attending physician.
5. Never take alcohol and drugs at the same time.
6. When purchasing a drug, pay attention to the expiration date.
7. Additionally, to improve overall well-being, the doctor may prescribe fluids and anti-edema drugs. Do not ignore their reception.
8. Do not use self-selected nasal drops in parallel with antibiotics. The entire course of treatment is compiled by a doctor.

Reference! On average, the course of treatment with a tablet form lasts from one week to fourteen days. If this period is exceeded, the patient may experience intestinal dysbacteriosis. Consequently, beneficial microorganisms will be destroyed.

What antibiotics are used to eliminate sinusitis?

After establishing the diagnosis and subsequent determination of the pathogen, the specialist can choose an antibiotic from the main groups that are the most effective for eliminating sinusitis:

1. Penicillin. It is considered the most common antibiotic that is used for manifestations of sinusitis.
2. macrolides. They are second only to penicillin. They are prescribed in case of individual intolerance to the penicillin group.
3. Fluoroquinolones. It is a synthetic antibiotic. It can quickly eliminate the activity of the pathogen - bacteria, since the latter have not yet developed immunity to it.
4. Cephalosporins. When there is no result from other drugs, then this type of antibiotic is prescribed, which perfectly eliminates any inflammatory process.

Attention! If the patient does not feel any relief already on the second or third day of taking the antibacterial drug, then this is evidence that the antibiotic is incorrectly selected and is not able to eliminate the pathogen. In addition, it is necessary to take into account the possible allergic consequences and the individual characteristics of the organism.

Video - Sinusitis: signs, symptoms and treatment

Treatment of sinusitis

Despite the fact that the symptoms of sinusitis provoked by pathogenic bacteria are similar to the symptoms of sinusitis caused by a virus infection, the treatment is still significantly different. Experts do not turn to antibiotics immediately, but only as a last resort, when the effect of local drugs is absent or abundant purulent discharge of a green or yellow tint from the sinuses has begun.

A special way is the treatment of viral sinusitis. After all, penicillin macrolides are not able to eliminate the virus. The patient will feel better with this type of sinusitis only when the virus passes into an inactive phase.

On the contrary, inflammation of a bacterial nature can be triggered by several types of pathogenic bacteria:

1. Enterobacteria.
2. Streptococci.
3. Staphylococci.
4. Moraxella.

When the patient does not have a purulent outflow from the nasal sinuses, there is no fever, but there is a strong edema, then allergic sinusitis is diagnosed. In this case, the effect of antibiotics is powerless.

Tablet form of antibiotics against sinusitis

Antibiotics can be found in the form of capsules and tablets - this is quite convenient and most preferred by patients, the form of release of the drug. There are several of the most effective antibiotics in tablet form, which do an excellent job with the disease and its consequences.

Name of the antibiotic	Image	Brief description of the action
macrofoam		A representative of one of the main groups of antibiotics - macrolides. The impact on pathogenic viruses occurs due to the active substance - midecamycin. Most often used for sinusitis, provoked by Haemophilus influenzae, as well as pneumococci. For adults, it is recommended to take the drug three times a day for two weeks.
Augmentin		Due to the complex composition, this drug has rightfully received the status of a third-generation antibiotic. The main effect is due to clavulanic acid. That's just the duration of treatment with this remedy should not exceed two weeks. Otherwise, there may be a manifestation of side effects: vomiting, and in the intestine - dysbacteriosis
Sumamed		A modern antibiotic from the group of macrolides, which is actively used in the treatment of sinusitis. Since the drug is potent, doctors prescribe it to take no more than five days. The frequency of intake is limited to once a day for half an hour before meals.
Flemoxin Solutab		This is a representative of a number of penicillin antibiotics. The main difference of the drug is resistance to the effects of gastric juice
Amoxiclav		An antibiotic of semi-synthetic penicillins, which is prescribed for many viral ailments - bronchitis, sinusitis. The main effect of the drug is the ability to destroy the walls of pathogenic bacteria. Please note that it is used exclusively for the treatment of sinusitis in adults.
Zitrolide		This is a drug of the macrolide group, which has a high antimicrobial effect. It is recommended to take once a day a couple of hours before meals. Please note that it is released strictly by prescription.

Attention! If the antibiotic did not show results in the form of an improvement in well-being within 48 hours, then it should not be taken longer, it is ineffective against sinusitis.

Intramuscular and intravenous types of antibiotics

When a patient has intoxication of the body, the use of injections is indicated, since antibiotics in this form are highly bioavailable. So, the following drugs are considered the most effective:

Name of the antibiotic	Image	Main action
Ceftriaxone		Since the drug is designated as a derivative of the penicillin group, it is customary to use it for most infectious diseases. This is a clear representative of third-generation antibiotics and the only salvation for exacerbation of purulent sinusitis. You can buy it in the form of a powder, from which an injection is prepared. It is allowed to enter both intravenously and intramuscularly. Please note that this antibiotic is prohibited for the treatment of pregnant women.
Cefazolin		Represents the cephalosporin group of semi-synthetic antibiotics. Upon administration of the drug, its concentration in the blood will last for twelve hours. Antibiotics should be used with caution as side effects such as stomach upset and, in some cases, allergies may occur.

Topical preparations

The early stages of sinusitis are not so difficult to eliminate with a special spray or drops. But, even in this form, antibiotics are produced.

Name of the antibiotic	Image	Essence of action
Isofra		One of the best alternatives to injections and pills. It is recommended to use at least four times a day for one week. Previously, before applying the spray, the nostrils are cleared of purulent mucus (possible by saline washing)
Polydex with phenylephrine		Antibiotic in the form of a spray, which has excellent vasoconstrictive and antibacterial effects. It is necessary to apply three times a day, and if necessary - five times. The duration of the course is one week. The active substances of the drug are polymyxin and neomycin

How to treat sinusitis in children with antibiotics?

Most often, children can suffer from complications after rhinitis, which manifest themselves in the form of sinusitis. At the same time, an allergic reaction is clearly manifested in children, so doctors prescribe anti-allergic drops without fail. In some cases, the use of antibiotics is not necessary.

Attention! When using a spray or drops, the child should not feel a burning sensation. If such discomfort is present, it is recommended to use sea water.

Name of the antibiotic	Image	Main action
Amoxicillin

Treatment of sinusitis in patients of the adult age group involves the use of a large number and varieties of drugs that are designed to suppress the activity of bacterial microflora and relieve the inflammatory process inside the paranasal sinus. One of such effective means in the fight against pathogens are antibiotics for sinusitis. They are introduced into the patient's body in the form of intramuscular injections and tablets. What type of medication to use in a particular clinical case is determined by the attending otolaryngologist. More severe forms of the disease are treated with antibacterial agents in the form of injections, and non-complicated types of the disease can be cured with drugs in tablets or syrups.

There is a large selection of drugs, the intended purpose of which is the destruction of microbes that, together with the flow of air or blood, entered the cavity of the paranasal sinus and caused chronic or acute inflammation of the mucous membrane. From the whole variety of drugs in the pharmacological industry, we single out the following most effective antibacterial agents.

Amoxiclav

Combined antibiotic, which belongs to the group of semi-synthetic penicillins. According to the World Health Organization, it is included in the list of essential medicines that play a key role in the survival of mankind. In the treatment of sinusitis, it is used to combat Staphylococcus aureus and its varieties, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, streptococcal infection and other microorganisms, the infection of which provoked the development of a purulent-inflammatory process with all the ensuing consequences. The cost of one package of Amoxiclav in a pharmacy is 280-300 rubles.

Avamys

The strongest anti-inflammatory agent, which is produced by the manufacturer in the form of drops. They are intended for the treatment of sinusitis of any form and complexity of the course. It has a strong anti-edematous effect, inhibits the growth of bacterial microflora, stabilizes hydration of the mucous membrane overdried with disease. It is enough to apply 1-2 drops of Avamys daily into the nasal cavity for 10 days to completely get rid of the signs of the disease. The price of 1 bottle of the drug is 320 rubles. It is released in pharmacies without a special prescription from a doctor.

Azithromycin

The composition of this antibacterial medication contains an active substance that has a similar name with the brand of the drug - "azithromycin". A medicine for sinusitis is produced in capsules closed with a gelatin shell. The average duration of treatment is from 7 to 14 days and directly depends on the form of the disease that affected the epithelial tissues of the nasopharynx, as well as the severity of its course. The patient every day takes 1-2 capsules of the drug 3-4 times a day. Tablets can be used as an independent remedy for pathogenic bacteria or included by an otolaryngologist as part of a comprehensive therapeutic course. The cost is 70 rubles for a package consisting of 2 capsules.

Amoxicillin

Broad-spectrum penicillin, which is indicated for use in the treatment of ENT diseases. Sinusitis in this case is no exception. The antibiotic itself is available in the form of tablets. Excellent for the treatment of complicated forms of the disease, when inflammation spreads to the lower respiratory tract.

In medical practice, Amoxicillin is considered a universal antibiotic that is effective against most microbes known to science that cause pathological processes in the maxillary sinuses.

The price of this drug is in the range of 100-120 rubles per pack.

Ampicillin

Semi-synthetic penicillin, which, compared with its counterparts, has an extremely wide spectrum of action. Already 2 hours after taking the capsule of the drug in the blood, the level of antiseptic components reaches a peak. The principle of action of this antibiotic is that it inhibits the synthesis of intercellular substance in the walls of bacteria, which makes it impossible for further division of microbes. In this regard, the activity of cells of the immune system increases dramatically, which makes it much easier to fight pathogenic infection. The cost of tablets will cost the buyer 45-50 rubles per pack.

ASD

Dorogov's antiseptic stimulator. The strongest antibacterial agent, which is designed to quickly relieve the inflammatory process in the paranasal sinuses and stabilize the normal functioning of the nasopharynx. In addition, the suspension stimulates the regenerative properties of the body, restoring damaged areas of the mucosa, heals ulcers and erosion. The ASD contains natural antibiotics obtained as a result of thermal processing of bone meal, as well as plants with healing properties. The full composition of the drug is kept in strict confidence. During the treatment of sinusitis, it is taken orally as a mixture and is introduced into the nasal cavity in the form of antimicrobial drops.

Augmentin

Antibacterial powder for oral suspension. To get an excellent remedy for inflammation of the paranasal sinus cavity, it is enough to take 1 teaspoon of Augmentin white powder and dissolve it in 2 tsp. saline. After that, the patient takes the drug orally 3 times a day, 4 drops 15 before meals. They can also be instilled into the nose, like regular anti-inflammatory drops. Terms of treatment 5-7 days. The antibiotic is considered quite potent, so the duration of its use is limited. This is necessary so that there is no addiction to the immune system and directly to the pathogenic microflora itself. The price of one vial of powder for the preparation of a suspension is 230 rubles.

ACC

The composition of this medication includes Acetylcysteine, which is prescribed for sinusitis, as an antibacterial and mucolytic agent with a wide spectrum of action. The main purpose of the drug is to liquefy too viscous and thick mucus that has accumulated in the maxillary sinuses and cannot be evacuated on its own in a natural way. It is indicated for use in patients who are at risk of accumulation of purulent exudate. The price of one sachet of ACC is 260 rubles.

Bioparox

The composition of this antibiotic is a substance - fusafungin, which has antiseptic and anti-inflammatory properties. It is used exclusively locally, since the form of release of the drug is a spray. Effective against inflammation of the paranasal sinus, which is caused by such pathogenic microorganisms as strain A streptococci, staphylococci, pneumococci. Also, Bioparox antibacterial drops are effective against fungal infections of the Candida albicans and Mycoplasma group. The cost of the spray is from 150 to 300 rubles per bottle. The duration of therapy is from 5 to 10 days.

Biseptol

White tablets, which have a pronounced antibacterial effect. They contain sulfamethoxazole trimethoprim in their composition, which ensures the destruction of most gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. The advantage of using Biseptol in the treatment of sinusitis is that it helps to get rid of bacteria that are resistant to sulfanilamide drugs. The price of one package of this tablet preparation is 190-210 rubles. Released without a prescription.

Bronchomunal

The drug stimulates alveolar macrophages, which are responsible for the secretory activity of cytokines. This is a substance produced by the body in order to protect the mucosa from infection. Also, due to this effect, the mucus in the cavity of the maxillary sinus does not become so thick, which is an excellent prevention of the formation of exudate. Produced in the form of capsules, coated with a protective shell. The cost of the drug is at the level of 250 rubles per pack.

Wilprafen

vitaon

Natural natural antibacterial spectrum of action. It has a liquid oily consistency, since most of the constituent components of the drug are essential oils of medicinal plants. During the treatment of sinusitis, Vitaon is used as antimicrobial, regenerating and anti-inflammatory drops.

It is enough just to apply 1-2 drops in each nostril in the morning and in the evening, so that already on the 4th day from the start of their use, the signs of the inflamed maxillary sinus gradually disappear.

Gelomirtol

Combined drug that belongs to the group of triglycerides. It has an antibacterial and mucolytic effect. It is indicated for use in the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the upper and lower respiratory tract. In the case of sinusitis, Gelomirtol allows you to make too thick and viscous mucus at the mouth of the sinuses, more liquid than it prevents the surgical puncture of the sinus. The drug itself has the appearance of a yellow gelatin capsule. It is taken 2-3 times a day for 10 days. The cost of one package will cost the buyer 260 rubles.

Gentamicin

An antibiotic from the group of aminoglycosides. It was originally created and also used in practical medicine as antimicrobial eye drops. In modern otolaryngology, the drug is also used for the purpose of complex therapy of sinusitis. Suppresses the activity of most gram-positive microorganisms, disrupting the synthesis of their protein compounds. It is prescribed exclusively by the attending otolaryngologist. Also, the drug prevents the development of complications of the inflammatory pathology of the sinuses, extending to the mucous membrane of the organ of vision. At the same time, the drops are quite affordable in material terms, since their cost is only 60 rubles per bottle.

Hydrocortisone

Antimicrobial corticosteroid ointment. It is actively used for focal control of inflammatory processes on the epithelial tissues of the body and the mucous membrane. If the patient has sinusitis, with the help of this drug, the walls of the nasal canals and the surface of the face in the region of the wings of the nose are lubricated. The pharmaceutical purpose of the drug is to relieve edema, suppress pathogenic microflora and restore breathing through the nasopharynx. The ointment is considered very potent, therefore, it is used only as directed by a doctor. The price of one tube is 170 rubles, and the duration of treatment is from 7 to 12 days.

Dezrinit

Spray for systemic therapy of acute and chronic sinusitis, which contains a synthetic antibiotic - mometasone, which has anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects at the same time, which is very rare for antibacterial drugs. It differs from analogues in that it practically does not cause side effects. In order to get rid of sinusitis, the patient should use the drug at least 2 times a day for 8 days. The cost of the medicine is from 340 rubles per spray can.

Dexamethasone

These are antimicrobial drops that are used in the general treatment course, if the patient has sinusitis in a complicated form, and the negative consequences of the disease have spread to the eyeball. In this case, a person should daily apply 1-2 drops of this drug to the nasal cavity and inflamed eyes. Approximate terms of therapy - from 5 to 10 days. Before using the medication, it is recommended to consult an otolaryngologist and an ophthalmologist. The price of Dexamethasone antibacterial drops is 450 rubles per bottle.

Dimexide

Liquid antiseptic, which is used in the treatment of paranasal sinuses, as anti-inflammatory drops and a means for local tissue warming. To do this, Dimexide is diluted 1 to 1 with saline and instilled into the nasal cavity 2-3 times a day. Also, this drug can be used to rub the surface of the face in the area of ​​the sinuses. The drug is characterized by an increased tendency to provoke an allergic reaction of various types, therefore, when using it, this fact must be taken into account. The cost of the drug is 45 rubles.

Dioxidine

Broad-spectrum antibacterial agent. It is effective if sinusitis was provoked as a result of infection with Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus aureus, Friedlander's bacillus, streptococcal infection. Helps to get rid of microorganisms that are resistant to sulfonamides. It is introduced into the patient's body in the form of intramuscular injections. The terms of treatment range from 7 to 14 days and depend on the dynamics of progress towards recovery. The price of antimicrobial injections is 270 rubles per pack of 10 ampoules.

Doxycycline

Semi-synthetic antibiotic, part of the pharmacological group of tetracyclines. Differs in increased bacteriostatic action due to the suppression of protein synthesis of pathogens of the purulent-inflammatory process. Releases in the form of capsules of yellow color. It is taken 3-4 times a day one hour before or after meals with plenty of water. Approximate terms of treatment - 10-14 days. It can be used as the main therapeutic agent or included in the general course of drug therapy. The cost of the drug is 45-50 rubles per package, consisting of 20 capsules.

Zinnat

Granules of white color, which have an almost crumbly consistency. They are a potent cephalosporin antibiotic. It is active against most infectious microorganisms that can provoke sinusitis. The principle of action of the drug is that its active components act directly on the cell membrane of pathogenic microflora. Retail prices in pharmacies range from 320-340 rubles per pack.

Isofra

Anti-inflammatory spray for sinusitis, which contains the antibiotic framycetin, which is an aminoglycoside. The antiseptic effect is carried out exclusively locally and only on the focus of inflammation of the mucous membrane, where the active components of the drug got. In the affected area are gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Also, nasal drops help relieve swelling, restore stable air circulation. The cost of this drug is 340 rubles per bottle.

Clarithromycin

An antibacterial agent that is intended for the treatment of infectious inflammation in the upper respiratory tract of the nasopharynx. Available in the form of white capsules. The disintegration of the active components of the drug occurs in the intestinal cavity, which ensures a gentle effect on the digestive mucosa. The medication is taken for 10 days, 2-3 capsules a day after meals. If necessary, the doctor can increase the dosage and duration of therapy if he sees that the symptoms of sinusitis have subsided, but have not yet completely disappeared. The price of antimicrobial capsules is 150 rubles.

Klacid

Semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic. The pharmacological form of release of the drug is white tablets. The composition of this drug includes an active substance - clarithromycin, which binds the synthesis of protein compounds inside microbial cells, disrupts their structure and leads to further death. The terms of treatment are from 7 to 10 days. It is recommended to use Klacid as an auxiliary element in the general therapeutic course. This medicine will cost the buyer 130 rubles per pack.

Levomekol

A combined topical preparation that contains an antibiotic called chloramphenicol. In addition to it, the manufacturer saturated the drug with an immunostimulating substance - methyluracil, which increases the activity of immune system cells. The effectiveness of Levomekol against clostridium, streptococcus, staphylococcus, aerobic bacteria has been scientifically proven.

The drug itself has the consistency of a gel, and in the process of treating sinusitis, it is applied to the walls of the mucous membrane of the nasal canals using a special cotton swab. The price of this antibacterial agent is more than affordable, as it does not exceed 30 rubles per tube.

Lincomycin

An antimicrobial drug belonging to the category of lincosamides. Active against a large number of bacteria. Regular intake of the drug and a constant increase in its dosage allows you to completely destroy the pathogenic microflora inside the maxillary sinus already on the 7th day from the start of therapy. Available in the form of capsules, which are recommended to be taken 2 hours after a meal with a glass of warm water. The cost of the drug is 110 rubles per pack.

Microorganisms such as fungal infection, protozoa, viruses, all strains of enterococcus are not sensitive to the active components of the tablets.

macrofoam

An antibiotic that is part of the macrolide drug group. It is used for the systematic treatment of infections of the upper and lower respiratory tract. Effective against bacterial sinusitis. It has a pharmacological form of release in the form of a suspension, which initially comes in liquid form and is intended for oral use. Thus, the treatment of the disease and the suppression of microorganisms occurs from the inside without a local effect on the focus of inflammation. The price of an antibacterial drug is 250 rubles per bottle.

Miramistin

It selectively affects the bacteria found in the patient's body, destroys only the pathogenic microflora, and does not suppress the beneficial microflora contained in the intestine. The action of Miramistin is based on the direct hydrophobic relationship of the molecule with the lipids of microbial cell membranes. After regular intake of this medicine, they are fermented and methodically destroyed. It is introduced into the nasal cavity as antiseptic drops, or it is used as a solution for washing the nose. The cost of this liquid antibiotic is 95 rubles per vial.

Nasonex

Nasal spray with an antibacterial component. Contains mometasone furoate. This is a synthetic antibiotic for sinusitis. It is indicated for use if sinusitis is caused by infectious microorganisms resistant to natural penicillin. It is injected into the cavity of the nostrils 2-3 times a day for 7 days. During this period, it is possible to suppress most of the bacteria that provoked the inflammatory disease of the nasopharynx. Included in the general course of therapy. The price of the drug is 550 rubles.

Nimesil

A non-steroidal antimicrobial agent from the sulfonanilide category, which has a strong anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic effect. Produced in the form of white granules, which are designed to dissolve in distilled water and prepare a suspension. A ready-made remedy for sinusitis is taken 1 teaspoon 3 times a day 15 minutes before meals. The total duration of therapy is 10 days. The drug is difficult to classify as publicly available, since its cost is about 700 rubles per pack.

Polydex

According to its pharmacological properties, it is a transparent antiseptic with a yellowish tint. Neomycin and class B polymyxin are the main antibiotics, due to the presence of which a positive therapeutic effect is achieved in the impact on the inflamed maxillary sinuses. It is used as anti-inflammatory drops that are injected into the nasal cavity 3 times a day for 7-10 days. Polydex can also be added to the composition of combined solutions intended for washing the sinuses. The price of the solution in retail pharmacy chains is 220 rubles per bottle. It is not recommended for use by patients with a tendency to allergic reactions.

Protargol

A liquid antibiotic, the medicinal properties of which are achieved due to the presence of silver ions or salts in its composition. This active substance inhibits the reproduction of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria by disrupting their protein compounds. The drug itself is available in the form of a nasal spray, so the effect on the patient's body is limited exclusively to local effects. Due to the absence of a toxic effect from silver molecules, it is approved for use in the treatment of children under 5 years of age, pregnant women and breastfeeding children. The cost of the drug is 160 rubles per vial.

Rinofluimucil

Nasal spray containing acetylcysteine, which helps to quickly relieve swelling of the mucous membrane and liquefy too thick mucus. It is indicated for use in patients who, according to the results of a diagnostic examination, had an infectious sinusitis with an abundant accumulation of purulent exudate. Therapy with Rinofluimucil for 10 days in a row avoids surgical intervention for sinus puncture. Due to the mucolytic properties of the drug, the fluid from the sinus leaves naturally. The price of one bottle with this medication is 550 rubles.

Sinupret

Natural antibiotic, which contains extracts of medicinal plants with antimicrobial properties. It is produced in the form of coated tablets, so that the breakdown of the components of the drug is carried out directly in the patient's intestines. It has a decongestant, secretory, and immunostimulating effect. In addition to antibacterial properties, the substances that make up Sinupret inhibit the reproduction of various strains of respiratory viruses. The cost of the drug is 330 rubles per pack of tablets.

Sinuforte

An antibiotic for sinusitis based on cyclamen, which exhibits a complex antiseptic effect. Indicated for use in purulent sinusitis, accompanied by the course of acute inflammation. It can be used as an independent drug, or as part of a general therapy.

Regular use of Sinuforte ensures the prevention of complications of inflammation in the paranasal sinuses.

Produced as a nasal spray, which must be applied to the nasal cavity in the morning and evening for 10 days. The price in retail pharmacy chains is 800 rubles per vial.

streptocide

A broad-spectrum antibiotic from the group of sulfonamides. It is actively used by otolaryngologists for the treatment of sinusitis of all forms and varieties. Effective against Staphylococcus aureus, streptococcal infection, Proteus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, pneumococci. In the treatment of paranasal sinuses, 1 tablet of streptocide is dissolved in 5 ml. saline, and the resulting liquid is instilled into the nose as drops. Approximate terms of treatment - from 7 to 12 days. The drug is distinguished by its availability, high therapeutic benefit and ease of use. In addition, it has practically no side effects. One package of this medicine costs 15 rubles.

Sumamed

Hard gelatin capsules containing a potent macrolide antibiotic. After entering the bloodstream, the drug begins to actively act on the inflamed mucous membrane of the paranasal sinus, as well as its epithelial tissues. When interacting with pathogenic microflora, it performs the function of removing nitrogenous compounds from bacterial colonies, which they need for development. As a result, their mass death occurs. It is taken no longer than 10 days in a row. The cost of a pack of tablets is at the level of 200 rubles. This medication does not require a special prescription from your doctor.

Suprax

Tableted antibiotic based on cefixime. It is considered a semi-synthetic drug, which is included in the drug group of third-generation cephalosporins. It is used to treat bacterial sinusitis caused by pathogenic microflora that has acquired or natural immunity to penicillin. It is taken 3-4 times a day for 7 days. The first therapeutic effect occurs already on the 3rd day from the start of treatment. If necessary and at the insistence of a doctor, the duration of the medication can be increased up to 14 days. The price of the drug in a pharmacy is 350 rubles.

Tavanik

It is used to rid the patient of complicated forms of sinusitis, when extensive inflammation has passed to the circumferential tissues in the region of the facial disc, or has significantly impaired their functionality. The pharmacological form of release of this drug is intravenous injection. The dosage is determined on an individual basis based on the severity of the diagnosed disease, the weight of the patient, the presence or absence of positive dynamics towards recovery. The main active ingredient of Tavanic is levofloxacin.. The cost of a package of medication, which includes 10 ampoules, is 300 rubles.

Tafen nasal

The composition of this nasal spray for inflammation in the maxillary sinuses includes the substance budesonide, which is considered a potent antibacterial agent. It is also effective for seasonal sinusitis of an allergic nature of origin. It practically does not cause side effects, and if they occur, then their manifestation is limited to the mucous membrane of the nasopharynx and nothing more. The drug dilutes too viscous mucus that has accumulated at the mouth of the sinuses, which helps to avoid a surgical puncture operation with the installation of a drainage system. The buyer will cost this medicine 270 rubles per bottle.

Flemoklav Solutab

Semi-synthetic antibiotic, which is produced in the form of tablets. The main active ingredient of this medication is amoxicillin, which has proven effective against most gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. It also contains clavulanic acid, which destroys protein compounds of bacterial microflora. Flemoclav is taken only as directed by a doctor. The recommended dosage is 2-3 tablets per day with an interval of 4-6 hours. Drink 30 minutes after eating. The average cost of this drug is 180 rubles.

Flemoxin Solutab

White tablets, which are indicated for use in patients with sinusitis, in whom, according to the results of a diagnostic examination, pathogenic microbes such as Staphylococcus aureus, pneumococcus, streptococcus, enterococcus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa were found. The drug helps prevent the accumulation of purulent exudate inside the sinuses, which helps to avoid most serious complications and negative consequences for the body. The duration of treatment with Flemoxin lasts on average up to 10 days. It is not recommended to take the medication longer so that the pathogenic microflora does not get used to the active ingredient of the drug.

Fluimucil

Yellow granules that have an orange flavor that gives off bitterness. They are intended for the patient to independently prepare a suspension based on them. The suspension is taken orally 3 times a day. Dosage and concentration is determined by the attending physician based on the form of sinusitis, as well as the severity of its course. Pharmacological properties of the drug are antibacterial and secretory effect.

At the same time, it inhibits bacterial activity and thins thick mucus at the mouth of inflamed sinuses. The price of an antimicrobial agent is 280 rubles per pack of granules.

Furacilin

Contains in its composition an antibiotic - nitrofural, which is effective against all strains of staphylococcus, streptococcal infection, pathogens of gas gangrene. With sinusitis, both an ethyl alcohol-based solution and a tablet form of this drug are used. Tablets can be prescribed for internal use, and antiseptic drops are made from an alcohol solution. To do this, just draw 2.5 ml into a disposable syringe. Furacilina and a similar volume of saline, mix and instill into the nasal cavity 2 times a day. The duration of therapy is 7 days, and the cost of the medicine is only 45 rubles.

Chlorophyllipt

It has an antibacterial effect against most bacteria that are naturally resistant to such drugs. Accumulates in all epithelial tissues. Within 30 minutes after its application, it reaches the peak of its concentration in all fluids in the patient's body. Available in the form of ampoules for intramuscular injection. The average duration of maintaining a bactericidal concentration in the blood after an injection is 6 hours. After this, a gradual decline in the level of the active components of the drug begins due to the active work of the liver and kidneys. The cost of a package consisting of 5 ampoules is 95 rubles.

Cefazolin

It is a first-generation cephalosporin, which is well absorbed by the patient's body, regardless of his age group. It is used to treat sinusitis in children over 1 month of age. It is produced in the form of a white powder, which is diluted with saline with a ratio of 1 to 1 before use. It can be administered both intramuscularly and by intravenous injection. The price of the drug is 110 rubles per 1 vial.

Cefotaxime

Cephalosporin antibiotic injection. It is indicated for use in the treatment of patients with sinusitis who suffer from this disease for a long period of time and have started the disease to a complicated form. Cefotaxime is administered intravenously or intramuscularly into the patient's body. From the first days of their independent life, children are injected with medicine exclusively into a vein. Not recommended for patients suffering from acute allergic reactions. The cost of the medication is 220 rubles.

Ceftriaxone

Antibacterial agent for the treatment of purulent-inflammatory processes inside the maxillary sinus. Contributes to the suppression of extensive foci of accumulation of pathogenic infection, destroys the protein structures of the most dangerous microorganisms. It is considered a potent remedy, therefore it is prescribed exclusively by an otolaryngologist. It is injected into the patient's body. Sold in the form of cardboard packaging, which contains 6 bottles of white powder. The price of this antibiotic is 245 rubles.

Ciprofloxacin

Cifran

Sold in bottles with a total volume of 100 ml. The drug is intended for injection into the human body, in which, according to the results of a comprehensive examination, an inflammatory-infectious lesion of the paranasal sinuses was found. The antibiotic belongs to the pharmacological group of fluoroquinolones, therefore it can be used to combat bacteria that have natural immunity to penicillin. Within 7-10 days, the patient receives Cyfran injections in the morning and evening. The first therapeutic results are observed as early as 3-4 days from the start of treatment.

Erespal

An antibiotic containing in its composition a substance - fenspiride hydrochloride, intended to act exclusively on the human respiratory system. Produced in the form of white tablets, which are coated with a protective shell. Assigned to receive 2-3 times a day, 1-2 tablets. The average duration of therapy varies from 8 to 14 days. The local action of an antibacterial agent allows doctors and the patient himself to limit himself exclusively to the local effect of the active components of the drug on the human body. Only the organs of the upper respiratory tract of the nasopharynx are exposed to therapy. To enhance the therapeutic effect, it is recommended, in addition to tablets, to take Erespal syrup inside. The cost of this drug is about 300 rubles.