Swollen scrotum. Why do men get testicular edema. Puffiness is one of the signs of a tumor process

In the modern world, almost every man is at risk of developing pathologies of the genitourinary system. Emerging diseases are characterized by a number of unpleasant symptoms that affect the quality of everyday life. The pathologies of the hormonal-sexual male system also include swelling of the scrotum, which often indicates the occurrence of more dangerous diseases inside the body.

The scrotum is a tissue sac that contains important male sex glands:

ducts of the seminal system;
testicles;
external appendage.

The internal connective tissue of the scrotum is filled with muscle structure and blood vessels. Since an important male hormone, testosterone, is formed in the testicles, various pathologies can have a negative impact on the quality of sexual life, which often leads to complications, such as complete removal of the testicle or infertility.

Upon detection of the first suspicions of the development of swelling of the scrotum, you should immediately visit a urologist.

Edema most often develops against the background of complex pathological processes inside the body and is not the only symptom.

Puffiness can be infectious and non-infectious type.

Pathologies of an infectious nature include:

Epididymitis - inflammation in the appendages of the spermatic cord.
Orchitis is the development of inflammation in the tissue structures of the right or left testicle. Often there is a bilateral type of disease.
Epididymo-orchitis is a simultaneous inflammation of the testicles and seminal appendages.

The infectious type often manifests itself in acute respiratory infections, pneumonia and other possible diseases, which contributes to the occurrence of inflammatory processes inside the scrotum and, as a result, swelling.

Infection occurs in the reproductive system in a descending and ascending way. Concomitant diseases of the urinary ducts increase the chances of developing edema.

Epididymitis develops against the background of infection of the genitourinary system with various microorganisms, such as: Escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus, fungal diseases. Infectious pathogens can also become chlamydia, trichomoniasis.

Non-infectious development of edema is most often manifested due to injury to the testicles and related tissues.

Other non-infectious causes include:

hernia of the inguinal region;
malignant and benign neoplasms in the testicles;
heart failure;
allergic processes;
testicular torsion;
diabetes;
hydrocele.

Edema also develops against the background of medical interventions, tuberculosis or gonorrhea.

Testicular torsion is one of the most common non-infectious causes of scrotal swelling. With volvulus of the seminal ducts, the blood circulation inside the testicle does not function properly, which leads to the death of cellular structures.

Regardless of the infectious or non-infectious type of edema development, the clinical picture is most often similar and differs only in the degree of characteristic manifestations.

Common symptoms of swelling of the scrotum include:

Noticeable increase in size and compaction of the pouch.
Pain that can spread to other organs.
Increase in body temperature and fever.
With an infectious type, swelling is accompanied by discharge from the penis.
Dizziness, intoxication.
Disorders of the cardiovascular system.
Change in color of the scrotum.

In the chronic type of inflammation, pain and symptoms are less pronounced.

In the advanced stage of edema, a man has problems with potency and ejaculation. There are painful sensations when semen is released, in which blood is often present.

To prescribe the correct method of treatment, it is necessary to diagnose the main causes of swelling of the scrotum. First of all, the specialist examines the reproductive system and asks a number of complex questions that make it possible to identify the root cause of the disease.

The following survey is being conducted:

The time of onset of edema and associated manifestations.
Has the patient's condition changed?
Possibility of unusual discharge from the penis.
Have there been any surgical interventions?
Injury to the groin area.

It is advisable to prepare answers to questions in advance, remember related problems, indicate the time and intensity of symptoms.

Then the specialist directs the patient to a series of laboratory tests and an ultrasound examination. If there is a suspicion of allergic reactions, the doctor prescribes special antihistamines and hormonal drugs. If malignant neoplasms are suspected, the urologist prescribes additional diagnostic measures.

The correct method of treating edema depends on the conclusion of diagnostic measures and is determined only by a specialist.

In the event that the factors for the development of edema are insignificant and not provoked by infections, the following recommendations are given:

applying cold compresses to the groin area;
reduction of physical activity and sports;
massage of the scrotum and the use of therapeutic sitz baths;
wearing special supportive clothing to immobilize the scrotum and penis.

If the above tips do not help to cope with the problem, or there is an infectious type of disease, the urologist prescribes drug therapy, which includes painkillers and antibiotic drugs.

Surgical intervention is performed very rarely - in the case when the causes of swelling are serious inflammatory processes inside the body. Also, the operation is prescribed for the detection of malignant neoplasms - tumors.

The most radical therapy is the complete removal of the testicle and its ducts. After the operation, the patient undergoes a number of restorative procedures, including physiotherapy, as well as intravenous administration of novocaine and sodium heparin.

ethnoscience

Non-traditional therapy can also alleviate the painful symptoms of swelling of the scrotum. Alternative methods should be used as an additional means of treatment, and not the main one.

These include the following recipes:

Tincture of radish and honey. Wash the radish and make a hole where to add 1-2 tbsp. honey. Put in a container and leave in the refrigerator for a day - the plant will release the necessary juice, which will mix with honey. Consume the infusion within 30 minutes. before meals, 1 tbsp.
Chamomile compress. About 50-60 g of dried chamomile pour 1 liter of boiling water and let it brew for 30 minutes. Then filter and cool the resulting infusion. Wet a piece of clean cloth with liquid, then wrap it around the scrotum. Hold the compress for 30 to 50 minutes.
Pea compress. Grind the cereal and knead in a small amount of water. Wrap the resulting mixture in a cloth and apply to the scrotum.

Before using any non-traditional method of treatment, it is necessary to consult with your doctor, as some folk recipes can aggravate the patient's condition.

Also, calendula flowers can serve as a good folk remedy, which should be crushed and mixed with animal fat or baby cream. Lubricate puffiness with the resulting ointment for 2 days.

Prevention

Preventive measures to help prevent swelling are primarily aimed at strengthening and normalizing the functioning of the organs of the urinary system.

Disease prevention includes the following tips:

In a timely manner, contact a treating specialist if you suspect the development of infectious processes.
Avoid promiscuous sexual contact with different sexual partners. If abstinence is not possible, it is recommended to use contraceptives, regardless of the type of intimacy. Sexual diseases often cause swelling, so it is also important to undergo regular examinations.
Non-intense physical activity. Excessive activity puts a strain on the abdomino-pelvic region of the body, which causes localized circulatory disorders.
Maintaining a proper diet. Balanced diets can saturate the immune system with the necessary trace elements and vitamins, which allows you to strengthen the entire body, as well as prevent the occurrence of possible infectious and inflammatory diseases.
Avoid poor quality underwear. Wearing underwear made from low-grade materials causes allergic reactions in the tissues of the scrotum. You should also always pay attention to the size of the clothes you wear.

In a healthy body, inflammatory processes develop much less frequently, which is why it is necessary to strengthen the immune system with vitamin complexes and essential products.

Also, parents need to pay special attention to the development of inflammatory processes in children. Prevention of possible pathologies of the scrotum in a child should occur under the close supervision of adults. It is necessary to monitor the personal hygiene of the boy, do not expose the perineum to friction and sweating. Also, change diapers on time and do special preventive baths.

Puffiness of the scrotum is a rather serious disease with many unpleasant symptoms that affect vital activity. First of all, it is necessary to treat not the disease, but the possible root causes of its development. Thus, almost any type of puffiness can be eliminated and the patient can return to a quality and healthy life.

Currently, diseases of the genitourinary sphere in men are quite common. The most common pathology is cystitis, epididymitis, urethritis, inguinal hernia, orchitis and some other diseases. Often in men there is a symptom such as swelling of the scrotum. This is an organ that in its structure resembles a leathery bag. It contains the male sex glands - testicles, appendages and part of the vas deferens. The scrotum has many sebaceous and sweat glands. All this contributes to the rapid development of the inflammatory process during the penetration of infection.

Very often, swelling is accompanied by an increase in the size of the scrotum. Edema occurs in various diseases. It can be observed with inflammation of the epididymis or the testicles themselves, with inguinal hernias, twisting of the male sex glands, and traumatic injuries. Less commonly, edema occurs with elephantiasis, various allergic reactions, neoplasms (tumors). Puffiness is rarely the only symptom in men. More often it is accompanied by redness, urination disorders, pain. Let us consider in detail, in which diseases there is swelling of the scrotum, the causes and additional symptoms.

Edema with epididymitis

If a man has a swollen testicle or scrotum, this may indicate epididymitis. Epididymitis is an inflammatory process of the epididymis. It is accompanied by redness, swelling. Epididymitis develops against the background of the spread of various microorganisms. It can be Escherichia coli, cocci, Proteus, Klebsiella, microscopic fungi. Of great importance are sexually transmitted infections (gonorrhea, chlamydia, trichomoniasis). The penetration of the pathogen is carried out in several ways: ascending and descending. This is observed in the presence of foci of chronic infection, for example, with cystitis, urethritis.

Puffiness can also occur after medical manipulations (catheterization), after suffering parotitis or tuberculosis. Often, the testicles themselves can be involved in the process, then orchitis develops. The main symptoms of inflammation of the appendages and testicles are swelling of the scrotum or testicles in men, pain on palpation, pain in the inguinal region, pain during urination, burning, and various discharges from the urethra. Common symptoms include fever, discomfort. Men often have problems with ejaculation. There are pains during the release of seminal fluid. It may contain blood. In addition, the scrotum may feel hot to the touch.

Scrotal edema can be observed in various pathologies, so it is important to diagnose epididymitis in a timely manner. It involves conducting general blood and urine tests, ultrasound, sowing urine to isolate the culture of the pathogen, scanning. Treatment includes the use of antibacterial agents. It is preferable to use drugs from the group of fluoroquinolones, macrolides or tetracyclines. Shown physiotherapy, the use of NSAIDs. The scrotum should be at rest. To stimulate the immune system, it is advisable to prescribe immunomodulators.

allergic edema

The presence of swelling may be the result of an allergic reaction. Provoking factors can be various allergens: food, household allergens, pollen. The presence of swelling of the testicle or scrotum is observed only in highly sensitive men; in healthy men, swelling does not occur. In some cases, before the onset of edema, rhinitis, an attack of bronchial asthma, and a rash like urticaria can be observed. How does allergic edema manifest itself? It all starts from the moment the allergen enters the body. After that, the formation of edema is observed in men, which indicates the allergic nature of the tumor of the scrotum.

Men are worried about itching, pain may be absent. Allergies do not cause urinary disorders or sexual dysfunction. A distinctive feature of such a tumor of the scrotum is that it increases evenly on both sides. For example, if men have benign ones, then edema is more often observed only on one side. Allergies are characterized by redness, not blueness of the scrotum. Swelling of the testicles or scrotum occurs very quickly, and in the same way it disappears. No other symptoms (fever, pain) of sick men bother. Allergic edema in most cases is treated conservatively with the use of drugs. For this purpose, antihistamines are prescribed. With their ineffectiveness, the introduction of hormones is indicated.

Swelling in tumors of the scrotum

Puffiness does not always develop against the background of inflammatory and allergic processes.

A special group of diseases that can lead to the formation of edema in the scrotum are various neoplasms in men.

This pathology is the most dangerous, because malignant tumors are often detected in the later stages. Tumors of the scrotum are quite rare. They can be benign and malignant. The first group includes papilloma, fibroma, lipoma and others. In the second - rhabdomyosarcoma, liposarcoma. Men can develop scrotal cancer. Malignant tumors on the scrotum can metastasize to the inguinal lymph nodes. In more severe cases, distant organs may be affected. In the early stages, such neoplasms in men may not manifest themselves in any way: there are no pains, discomfort. But as it progresses, swelling is observed.

It is important that scrotal cancer is more of an occupational pathology. Some chemicals that have carcinogenic properties contribute to its development. Surgical treatment of a tumor on the scrotum (surgery). In the early stages, the operation can give a positive result. If the operation is performed in the presence of metastases, in particular distant ones, then the prognosis is often unfavorable. Additional methods of therapy for education in the scrotum are radiation and the use of chemotherapeutic agents. In a situation where the tumor grows into the testicles, an operation is performed to remove the corresponding half of the scrotum along with the testicle. Such treatment of the tumor is mandatory.

Prevention of the formation of a tumor of the scrotum is aimed at the timely detection and treatment of precancerous conditions. Of great importance is the treatment of chronic pathology, the prevention of scrotal injuries. It must be remembered that surgery for a tumor of the scrotum should be carried out immediately after the diagnosis. Of no small importance for prevention is the observance of the rules of personal hygiene, the prevention of contact with carcinogens.

Testicular torsion

In addition to formations in the scrotum, men may experience testicular torsion. This is an acute pathology requiring emergency care. Very often, this disease develops against the background of cryptorchidism. Cryptorchidism is the failure of the male gonads to descend into the scrotum. Traumatic injuries of the organ, including bruises, also lead to the formation of torsion in the scrotum. Provoking factors are sudden movements, heavy physical exertion, muscle strain. This leads to contraction of the muscle fibers that elevate the testicle.

As with a tumor of the scrotum, its swelling is observed. When twisted 180 degrees, blood flow is disturbed, which leads to hemorrhage, accumulation of transudate in the scrotal cavity. This condition is characterized by pain. The pain may radiate to the perineum, groin. Nausea and vomiting are often observed. With the formation of a transudate, discharge from the urethra, dysuric phenomena can be observed. Treatment includes detorsion (unwinding) or surgery. Thus, the presence of edema is a symptom of more serious diseases. All this requires the doctor to correctly diagnose and treat.

swelling of the scrotum

swelling of the scrotum indicates the accumulation of excess fluid, which is accompanied by inflammatory processes, both of the scrotum itself and of the organs responsible for sexual function.

Scrotum

Scrotum- a musculoskeletal organ, in the cavity of which the testicles, appendages and the initial section of the spermatic cord are located, separated from each other by a connective tissue septum, to which the embryonic suture corresponds on the outside. The skin of the scrotum is pigmented, covered with sparse hair, contains a significant amount of sweat and sebaceous glands, the secret of which has a specific smell, and is richly innervated.

The thin skin of the scrotum is tightly fused with the next layer - the fleshy membrane formed by connective tissue with many muscle and elastic fibers. Between the shells of the scrotum, testis, epididymis and spermatic cord are connective tissue strands and loose fiber, in which the vessels pass.

Causes of swelling of the scrotum

Bilateral diffuse swelling of the scrotum is usually a symptom of a systemic disease, most often anasarca. Ascites, hydrothorax, and scrotal edema often develop in patients with severe congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, or cirrhosis (www.diagnos-online.ru/zabol/zabol-185.html).

Unilateral swelling of the scrotum is usually a sign of local pathology. The most common is varicocele (Latin varix - varicose veins and Greek kele - tumor). This condition is caused by failure of the valves of the internal spermatic veins and is therefore characterized by venous congestion along the spermatic cord. A varicocele resembles a ball of worms. It appears only in the standing position, and in the prone position it disappears.

This condition is easily diagnosed and has important clinical significance, as it often causes reversible infertility. Varicocele often develops on the left side, which is associated with the peculiarities of the outflow along the testicular veins. Accordingly, with a right-sided varicocele, it is necessary to exclude anomalies in the structure or other diagnosis.

In addition to varicocele, local swelling of the scrotum is usually found in the pathology of the testicles or epididymis. Painful swelling of the scrotum usually indicates an acute process (eg, torsion of the spermatic cord, strangulated inguinal hernia, acute orchitis, or acute epididymitis).

Treatment of swelling of the scrotum

Treatment for edema is prescribed individually, depending on the cause. Compresses, various ointments are prescribed to remove swelling, resume normal appearance. Therapeutic treatment is also prescribed if surgery is not required. All recommendations must be followed carefully in order to avoid aggravation of the pathology.

Scrotal edema: causes and treatment

Every modern man is subject to the appearance of various diseases of the genitourinary system, regardless of age. They cause a lot of unpleasant symptoms that are extremely interfering with daily life. Consider what pathologies it indicates swelling of the scrotum and the most effective treatments.

Possible causes of testicular edema

appearance tumors of the right and left testicles in men precede such causes:

Epididymitis. This pathology is an inflammatory process in the appendages of the spermatic cord.
Orchitis. This disease is characterized by inflammation of the right or left testicle or a bilateral inflammatory process.
Epididymoorchitis. Occurs as a result of inflammation of the testicles with appendages.

This is about causes of swollen testicles in men infectious nature. Non-infectious factors include:

The appearance of an inguinal hernia. Swelling in the scrotum in this case, it is observed after surgery, when the hernial sac is installed in the abdominal cavity. In the postoperative period, there is a violation of the outflow of lymph. After a certain time, the condition returns to normal. So if swollen testicle after inguinal hernia surgery, you should not panic.
Hydrocele (dropsy of the testicles). This disease is characterized by an abnormal accumulation of fluid between the testicles. Most often, this pathology is observed in newborns. Within 1 year, the condition should normalize on its own.
The appearance of neoplasms in the testicle. testicular tumor in men occurs in extremely rare cases. But, nevertheless, it can be both benign and malignant. Benign neoplasms that can cause swelling of the scrotum are papillomas. As for malignant growths, these are serious pathologies such as liposarcoma or cancer. The appearance of various formations in the scrotum is a danger to the health of a man, since they tend to grow. An unpleasant feature of such pathologies is that testicular enlargement in men in this state is observed in the later stages of their development.
Heart failure. This cause causes a violation of blood circulation in the pelvic organs, resulting in stagnant processes.
allergic manifestations. swollen testicles in men can be called by reason exposure to certain external stimuli. This usually occurs as a result of individual intolerance to certain foods that make up cosmetics, household chemicals. When an allergen enters the body, a man feels that swollen testicle and pain in this region. The condition can be alleviated in this case with the help of antihistamine drugs.
Testicular torsion. This pathology develops mainly in children. This is due to the fact that at an early age the organs of the reproductive system have not yet strengthened. The essence of the pathology lies in the fact that the spermatic cord is twisted, after which it is observed testicular tumor in a child. This condition requires immediate medical attention.
Varicocele. This is a disease that is varicose veins in the testicles. With exacerbation of varicocele observed edema of the right or left testicles in men.

Important to remember! Regardless of the reason for the swelling of the scrotum in a man, you need to immediately consult a doctor for help!

Symptoms of pathology

The general signs that accompany swelling of the scrotum in men are of different severity. If formed testicular tumor in men, symptoms appear like this:

Enlargement of the scrotum in size. When it is probed, seals can be felt.
Painful sensations. They are growing. Moreover, the pain can be localized not only in the testicles, but also give to the lower part of the abdominal cavity.
Increase in body temperature up to 38˚С. The man has a fever, chills.
The surface of the scrotum changes color. It becomes red, purple. The skin may also flake off. In some men, small seals form, which over time develop into sores or ulcers.
If the swelling of the scrotum is caused by an infection, then the man has uncharacteristic discharge from the penis. Urine loses its transparency, changes its color.
Symptoms of intoxication. A young man may complain of nausea, dizziness, headaches, general weakness of the body.
An advanced form of pathology can lead not only to an increase in the scrotum, but also to swelling of the entire penis.

If the disease, as a result of which a man has swelling of the testicles, is chronic, then pain in most cases does not bother.

Most often, young people complaining about scrotum enlargement are sent to the hospital for examination in order to establish an accurate diagnosis.

What does it look like testicular tumor in men, can be seen on a photo.

Diagnosis of the disease

In order to start the correct treatment, it is necessary to undergo a thorough diagnosis. That is, the detection causes of swelling of the scrotum in men allows you to prescribe the necessary therapy to the patient. First of all, the doctor conducts a survey, clarifying the following points:

when and under what circumstances puffiness appeared;
how the patient's well-being changes;
tumor size;
whether atypical discharge and the genital organ are observed;
whether the appearance of the tumor was preceded by various injuries, injuries or surgery;
Are you worried about pain and other discomfort in the groin area?

The patient is then sent for an ultrasound examination. Based on its results and information received from the patient, the exact cause of the scrotal tumor is established, after which the required treatment is prescribed.

Treatment of swelling of the scrotum

If cause of swollen testicles is not the development of infection, then treatment provides for the following activities:

applying cold to the affected area (this is required for no more than 1 day);
moderate physical activity until the condition returns to normal;
wearing a special bandage that helps keep the scrotum in a stationary state;
massage the testicles
carry out sitz baths using decoctions of medicinal herbs.

If swollen testicle after varicocele surgery or removal of an inguinal hernia, then the above therapeutic measures will help to normalize the condition in a short time.

Swollen testicles in men which served as an allergen, is treated with the use of antihistamines and hormonal drugs. It is also imperative to eliminate the irritating factor.

Swelling in the scrotum caused by an infectious disease is eliminated after undergoing a course of drug therapy. To normalize the patient's condition, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic drugs are prescribed.

The most dangerous condition for a young man is testicular volvulus. In this condition, drug therapy and local treatment will not help. Recovery requires surgery. In extremely rare cases, testicular massage can help in this case. The operation is carried out urgently, because if it was not performed within 6 hours after the testicle was twisted, then irreversible pathological changes in the sex gland occur. A long stay in this state ends with the complete removal of the damaged testicle.

After the operation, the man must undergo rehabilitation. To do this, he is prescribed such restorative measures and drugs:

physiotherapy;
antiallergic drugs;
novocaine blockade;
intravenous administration of sodium heparin.

When malignant neoplasms occur, surgery is also prescribed in most cases. It all depends on the size tumors in the scrotum in a man.

Alternative medicine also offers therapeutic compresses that help relieve a man's well-being with a scrotal tumor. But before using them, it is imperative to consult a specialist. Since some folk remedies can worsen the condition in certain situations.

Prevention of pathology

Preventive measures to prevent testicular edema are aimed at strengthening the organs of the genitourinary system, as well as improving their functioning. To do this, you must adhere to the following rules:

Timely treats infectious diseases. Pathogenic microorganisms during their active development can spread throughout the body with the blood stream. Thus, the testicles are also subject to the occurrence of pathological processes.
Avoid casual sexual relationships with different partners. Or do not forget to use a condom in such situations, regardless of the type of intimacy. Sexually transmitted diseases can cause swelling of the scrotum. This is one of the characteristic symptoms of an infectious disease of the penis.
Moderate physical activity. Excessive activity in this case gives a strong load on the abdominal cavity and inguinal part. This causes circulatory disturbance at the local level, which can lead to swollen scrotum in men.
Healthy food. A balanced diet will help saturate the body with essential vitamins, minerals and other beneficial substances, thereby strengthening the immune system. An organism with high protective functions is not susceptible to the occurrence of infectious pathologies and inflammatory processes.
Choose high-quality and comfortable underwear. Underpants made from low-quality material can cause an allergic reaction in the form of swelling of the scrotum. And you also need to choose underwear according to size. Tight pants expose the penis and scrotum to strong friction, which negatively affects men's health in general.
Parents of boys need to pay special attention to hygiene and care of the genitals. It is necessary to ensure that the skin in the scrotum is not subjected to friction and does not sweat. To do this, you need to change diapers in a timely manner, make the baby air baths.

swelling of the scrotum in young people can cause serious illness. Therefore, if a man notices a pathological increase in the testicles, you should immediately consult a doctor for help. Since such a condition can lead to dangerous consequences, such as removal of the testicle and infertility. A specialist in this matter is a urologist.

Why does swelling of the scrotum occur and how to treat it?

Every year, men increasingly turn to a urologist with infectious and inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary system. Scrotal edema is one of the characteristic symptoms of these diseases. The scrotum is a leathery bag that contains the male gonads, the vas deferens. It also concentrates many sebaceous glands, which contribute to the accelerated development of inflammatory processes and infections. Puffiness can develop only on one side or simultaneously on both. This symptom is typical for men of any age, delivers a lot of discomfort, including pain. Swelling in the scrotum should not be left without special attention, because a number of diseases that cause this symptom can end up very badly for a man.

If the scrotum is swollen, the first step is to determine what provoked the pathological condition.

The tumor is a characteristic symptom of epidermitis. This disease is an inflammation of the epididymis. Of great importance in the development of epidermitis are sexually transmitted infections. If the testicles are also involved in the inflammatory process, then the man may develop orchitis.

Sometimes swelling develops against the background of medical manipulations, for example, during catheterization. The presence of swelling may also indicate an allergic reaction. Allergies are characterized by uniform swelling of both sides of the scrotum and itching. Dust, fungi, food, and even the use of synthetic underwear can provoke the condition. It is important to note that an allergy in the genital area can only develop in hypersensitive men, it does not appear in a healthy person.

Separately, it is worth touching on the topic of a tumor in the scrotum. This situation is characterized by swelling on one side only. On palpation, you can feel a dense structure inside the scrotum, which can move from place to place. The neoplasm may be benign or malignant. The first group includes fibroma, lipoma, the second - rhabdomyosarcoma and liposarcoma. It is very important to consult a doctor if a seal is detected, since a malignant tumor very quickly metastasizes to the inguinal lymph nodes.

In addition to infections and neoplasms, swelling of the scrotum can provoke testicular torsion. This is a rather serious disease, since a prolonged lack of blood supply leads to tissue necrosis. Mechanical damage to the scrotum, heavy physical exertion and sudden movements can cause testicular torsion.

Among other possible causes of the development of a tumor in the groin area can be noted:

congestive heart failure (myocardial weakness);
mumps (mumps);
hernia;
dropsy of the testicle;
surgery in the genital area;
varicocele (plexus).

Determining the cause is a very important step in the treatment process. Having correctly determined what provoked the pathological condition of the organ, you can begin competent treatment, which will quickly return the normal state of the scrotum.

Each disease, which is characterized by swelling of the scrotum, has a number of additional features. But there are common manifestations that should be a good reason to go to the hospital. Among these symptoms can be noted:

redness or blueness of the skin on the scrotum;
severe pain in or around the testicle;
a change in gait (a person tries to relieve pressure on the scrotum by spreading their legs wide while walking);
temperature rise;
dizziness;
cloudy urine;
violation of urination and pain at the same time;
problems with ejaculation;
blood in seminal fluid;
discharge from the penis;
nausea and vomiting;
elevation of the affected testicle.

If a man notices swelling and the above symptoms are present, the first step is to apply something cold to the scrotum to avoid bruising and swelling. Keep an ice pack or cold object for 15 minutes every hour on the first day of swelling. Next, you need to take sitz baths to reduce swelling. Water should not be hot or cold. Water at room temperature is suitable. To reduce pain and stress on the body, it is recommended to observe bed rest.

Before starting therapy, it is required to confirm the diagnosis. The doctor should initially conduct a visual examination of the genital organs and their appendages, ask a series of leading questions that will help to understand the true cause of the edema. The doctor may ask:

when the edema occurred;
whether the patient gets worse with each subsequent day;
is there any discharge from the penis;
whether there has ever been an operation on the genitals;
whether there were injuries of the genital organs;
whether the swelling decreases after rest;
are there any other symptoms;
whether there is pain around the scrotum.

To help the doctor make a correct diagnosis, it is recommended that you prepare answers to these questions in advance. The doctor may prescribe the delivery of laboratory tests of urine, blood and feces, sowing urine to isolate the culture of the pathogen. The doctor will diagnose for the presence of sexually transmitted infections. Of the instrumental diagnostic methods, an ultrasound examination will be carried out.

If the tumor was triggered by an allergic reaction, the doctor will prescribe antihistamines, and will require you to avoid the allergen that caused the pathology in the future. If antihistamines do not bring results, hormones are administered.

For infections of the genitourinary system, antibacterial and antifungal drugs are used, general strengthening therapy is carried out. Shown physiotherapy and the use of NSAIDs.

If a tumor in the scrotum is suspected, a more thorough diagnosis is carried out and the advisability of chemotherapy and surgery is decided on an individual basis.

Testicular torsion requires immediate attention. The doctor must perform a detorsion, that is, untwisting the testicle, or an operation. If there is pain, the doctor prescribes pain medication. After the surgical intervention, physiotherapy is carried out, desensitizing drugs, novocaine blockade are introduced. Intravenous administration of sodium heparin and Reopoliglyukin is necessary.

Scrotal edema indicates pathological processes in the genitals. This symptom can appear with various diseases of the testicles, as well as in the postoperative period. It is necessary to find out the possible causes of edema and consult a doctor for a treatment appointment. It is impossible to leave the problem unattended, otherwise it can lead to dangerous complications.

Edema is more common in older men

Scrotum swelling should not be ignored. This phenomenon indicates pathological processes in the pelvic organs. Among the likely reasons:

infectious lesions of the testicles;
testicular torsion;
varicocele and hydrocele;
allergic reactions;
injury.

Also, swelling can occur with other infectious diseases, such as mumps.

Swelling after surgery on the scrotum is a variant of the norm. Usually, after surgery, doctors warn of such a violation and recommend wearing a special fixing bandage during the rehabilitation period, which reduces the risk of swelling.

Risk factors:

age of active sexual life - 16-40 years;
andropause age - over 50 years;
recent surgery on the scrotum;
untreated testicular infections.

Only a doctor can identify the cause of the violation and choose a treatment regimen. If swelling occurs, especially accompanied by pain, you should consult a urologist as soon as possible.

Signs and accompanying symptoms

With swelling of the scrotum, the causes may be different, so you should not self-medicate, but consult a specialist. An accurate diagnosis can only be made on the basis of a series of examinations, but it is possible to suggest the cause of scrotal edema in men by the presence of specific symptoms characteristic of various pathologies.

Testicular torsion

With this pathology, the testicle rotates relative to its physiologically correct position, as a result, the nerves and vessels of the spermatic cord are compressed. At the same time, the scrotum swells and hurts, heaviness is felt, the testicle responds with pain to palpation.

Every man can face such a pathology, regardless of age. With torsion, a person needs urgent medical care on the first day, otherwise, due to squeezing of blood vessels, blood does not enter the testis, necrosis and atrophy of the organ develop.

Varicocele

The testicle hurts and pulls (one or two at once)

Pathology is an expansion of the veins of the spermatic cord. May be accompanied by hemorrhoids and varicose veins of the legs. This pathology is caused by a violation of trophic processes, quite often accompanies congestive heart failure and arterial hypertension. Due to the expansion of the veins, testicular ischemia develops, which is fraught with a violation of spermatogenesis.

Note! In half of the cases of male infertility, it is the varicocele that is to blame.

Symptoms of the disease:

testicles increase and swelling of the scrotum is observed;
a vascular network is visible on the scrotum;
the testicle may descend;
there is aching and pulling pain.

Varicocele most often affects the left testicle, as it is more active and located close to the spermatic vein, but there is also a bilateral lesion of the testes. Often there is an asymptomatic course of the disease, or minor pain immediately after ejaculation. In such cases, it is difficult to diagnose a varicocele, as the patient simply does not notice the problem and does not go to the doctor. It should be remembered that complications in this pathology are irreversible, so timely treatment is necessary.

Dropsy or hydrocele

The first disease that needs to be excluded, paying attention to the swollen male scrotum, is a hydrocele. Pathology is an accumulation of serous fluid between the membranes of the testicle. Causes of dropsy:

intrauterine developmental anomalies (congenital hydrocele);
scrotal injury;
chronic inflammation of the testicle;
cardiovascular insufficiency;
congestion in the pelvic organs;
complications after surgery.

Scrotal edema in children can also be associated with this disease, however, a hydrocele in a child is diagnosed already in the first days of life, since the pathology is laid even in the prenatal period.

With a hydrocele, the affected testicle may increase slightly, or reach the size of a soccer ball. In the first case, the disease does not cause much discomfort and does not even always need treatment.

Symptoms of dropsy are moderate and are manifested by swelling of the scrotum on one side and pulling pain in the testicles, manifested by seizures.

Epididymitis

Acute epididymitis is accompanied by headache and weakness

Severe testicular pain, severe swelling of the scrotum, and high body temperature are typical symptoms of epididymitis. The disease is an inflammation of the epididymis, most often occurs in an acute form.

The causative agents of the disease:

Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli;
gonococci;
streptococci;
staphylococci;
chlamydia;
Trichomonas.

Thus, inflammation can be triggered by both opportunistic microorganisms that enter the testicle through the urethra or from the prostate with infectious prostatitis, and sexually transmitted pathogens.

Epididymitis occurs in an acute form and is manifested by the following symptoms:

sharp pain in the testicle;
swelling of the appendage noticeable on palpation;
severe swelling of the scrotum on one side;
high body temperature - 38-39 degrees;
general malaise, headache and loss of strength.

Without adequate therapy, epididymitis can become purulent or chronic. The purulent form is manifested by the formation of an abscess and requires urgent hospitalization and surgical treatment, and the chronic form of the disease can cause scarring of the epididymis tissue and deterioration of spermatogenesis.

Orchitis

Orchitis is an inflammation of the testicle. The causative agents of the disease are the same as with epididymitis. In addition, orchitis can be a complication of epididymitis due to the spread of infection from the epididymis to the testis itself. Also, orchitis is often a complication of mumps in children, known as mumps.

The acute form of the disease begins with sudden acute pain. Then the temperature rises, swelling of the scrotum increases, symptoms of general intoxication appear.

A distinctive feature of orchitis is a change in the skin on the scrotum. It swells only from the side of the affected testicle, while the skin becomes purple-red or becomes cyanotic. The skin in this area becomes smooth, natural folds are smoothed out.

The combination of epididymitis and orchitis is called orchiepididymitis or epididymo-orchitis. This is a severe pathology in which both the testicle itself and its appendage become inflamed.

Inguinal hernia

Swelling of the inguinal region and mascara is observed when an inguinal hernia is pushed out. This pathology is the descent of a part of the peritoneum into the inguinal canal. Swelling of the scrotum in this case is due to increased pressure in this area and stagnation of the lymph.

You can recognize an inguinal hernia by the characteristic swelling of the pubic part of the groin and scrotum, as well as problems from the gastrointestinal tract - stomach pain, cramps, hiccups, nausea with vomiting.

Inguinal hernia is treated only with surgical methods. Swelling of the scrotum after inguinal hernia surgery may indicate a complication such as a hydrocele.

Since the scrotum often swells after inguinal hernia surgery, the patient is shown wearing a bandage as a prophylaxis after surgery.

Allergy

The scrotum can be easily rubbed with improperly fitted diapers or underpants (this is especially true in early childhood)

Allergic reactions are also manifested by swelling, while the area that has been in contact with the irritant suffers. Allergic swelling of the scrotum can be caused by:

the material from which the underwear is made;
a reaction to a lubricant or latex (if the swelling appeared after intercourse);
particles of washing powder left on the laundry after washing;
means for intimate hygiene;
dyes for fabrics used in the manufacture of linen.

An allergic reaction does not cause pain and a feeling of heaviness. It is manifested only by a uniform swelling of the scrotum, a rash on the skin, itching and redness.

Diagnostics

To determine the cause of edema, you should undergo examinations with a doctor. After a visual examination and palpation of the organ, the doctor will prescribe:

blood test - to detect an allergic reaction and inflammatory processes;
Ultrasound of the scrotum - to exclude hydrocele, orchitis and epididymitis;
dopplerography of the vessels of the scrotum - for the diagnosis of hydrocele.

Additionally, a swab from the urethra can be taken, followed by bacterial culture, as well as PCR analysis. These examinations allow you to determine the causative agent of the disease in case of inflammation of the testicle.

If swelling of the scrotum occurred after a previous operation, the doctor will examine the swollen area and prescribe tests to look for other disorders, since such swelling may indicate complications after surgical treatment.

How to remove swelling of the scrotum?

Treatment of scrotal edema depends on the causes of this phenomenon, which can only be established after examination. To begin with, a man should exclude the most likely cause - testicular injury. If shortly before this there was a blow to the scrotum, a regular cool compress will help relieve swelling. True, the next day you still need to visit a doctor to rule out testicular rupture or hemorrhage, which occur with severe injuries.

With swelling of the scrotum in a child, mumps should first be ruled out. This disease is accompanied by swelling of the salivary glands, high fever, swelling of the area under the lower jaw. With mumps, specific treatment is not carried out, the patient is shown bed rest and symptomatic therapy with painkillers and antipyretics.

Medical treatment

Children under three years of age are not allowed to take pills.

Treatment with drugs is practiced only for infectious diseases or reactive reactions.

Epididymitis and orchitis require antibiotic therapy. The treatment regimen is determined by the doctor based on the results of the tests. Most often, broad-spectrum antibiotics are prescribed in the form of injections, since this form acts quickly. These may be drugs from the group of fluoroquinolones or aminoglycosides. Additionally, absorbable agents, biostimulants, restorative drugs and bed rest are prescribed.

With allergies, any antihistamine will help relieve swelling. An allergic reaction is quite simple to identify - it develops within half an hour after contact with an irritant. Immediately with the appearance of edema in this case, it is necessary to take a tablet of Loratadine, Diazolin or Suprastin.

Surgery

To remove swelling on the scrotum with varicocele is possible only through surgery. It consists in ligation of dilated veins (Ivanissevich's operation) or microsurgical intervention is performed according to the Marmar method. In fact, both procedures are identical, only the Marmara operation does not involve large incisions, which means it has significantly fewer risks and complications.

With an inguinal hernia, expectant management is most often chosen, but in some cases urgent surgical treatment is necessary. The operation is to strengthen the abdominal wall. This method is associated with the risk of complications.

For the treatment of dropsy, either a puncture or an operation is used. In the first case, a puncture is made and the accumulated liquid is removed through it. The disadvantage of the method is the risk of relapse. In the second case, a full-fledged operation is performed, during which part of the testicular membrane is removed.

Rehabilitation

When choosing drug therapy for orchitis and epididymitis, the patient is shown bed rest until the acute symptoms disappear. Compliance with this recommendation significantly reduces the risk of exacerbations.

After surgery on a swollen scrotum, the swelling disappears almost immediately, but any surgical intervention in this area can theoretically lead to the development of dropsy. To avoid complications, you must:

during the first day, apply a cool compress to the scrotum (only as prescribed by a doctor);
wearing a fixing bandage;
the choice of underwear that does not tighten the scrotum;
sexual abstinence until full recovery after surgery;
lack of physical activity for the entire period of rehabilitation;
refusal of bad habits, proper nutrition.

The duration of the rehabilitation period depends on the chosen method of surgical treatment. With invasive surgery, recovery takes at least a month.

Prevention

You can never sit in the cold

To prevent swelling of the scrotum will help the observance of preventive measures:

avoid trauma to the genitals;
do not overcool the scrotum;
timely treat infectious diseases;
practice protected sex.

If symptoms of discomfort appear, you should immediately consult a doctor. It is especially dangerous to delay with testicular torsion, since this pathology can provoke tissue necrosis, and with epididymitis and orchitis, since these diseases can cause the development of an abscess.

Swelling and pain in the scrotum can be manifestations of serious diseases. Sometimes men try to endure discomfort, embarrassed or afraid to go to a specialist. What can swelling and pain lead to if the process is left without medical intervention?

Pain in the scrotum is a dangerous symptom

The scrotum is a leathery sac that contains the testicles, appendages, and part of the spermatic cord. The edematous scrotum syndrome can occur in men at any age, expressed in hyperemia and pain. The swelling can be unilateral, bilateral, and the testicles and penis are sometimes involved in the inflammatory process.

Pain and swelling are the main symptoms. With the development of the process, the following manifestations of the disease state can be connected to them:

pain in the testicle and next to it, both monotonous and growing;
pain in the lower abdomen;
deterioration of health, increased body temperature;
change in color and transparency of urine;
the appearance of discharge from the penis;
nausea, vomiting, dizziness;
changes in the skin (redness, scaly skin on the scrotum)
change in the position of the testicle.

With any symptom, an urgent consultation with a doctor is required. A common cause of pain in the scrotum is testicular torsion, which can not only deliver severe pain, but also cause tissue necrosis in a short time.

The causes of edematous scrotum syndrome are divided into infectious and non-infectious.

Infectious causes include:

epididymitis (inflammatory processes in the epididymis);
orchitis (inflammation of testicular tissue);
epididymo-orchitis.

Infection with pneumonia, influenza, SARS, spreading throughout the body, causes inflammation in the scrotum, leading to swelling. In newborns, the inflammatory process in the testicles and adjacent organs can be caused by infection through the vessels of the umbilical cord (the most common pathogens are staphylococcus aureus and E. coli). Older children develop orchitis as a complication of mumps.

Factors not associated with infections can also lead to orchitis and epididymitis: diseases of the genitourinary system (vesiculitis, urethritis, prostatitis).

Non-infectious causes of scrotal edema include, first of all, injuries (30% of the causes of painful conditions of the scrotum and its organs). Genital injuries are most common in adolescent boys.

Among other non-infectious factors of edema, there are:

testicular torsion due to torsion of the spermatic cord. Statistically, it most often occurs in children due to the immaturity of the reproductive system, as a result of cryptorchidism or developmental pathologies. The main reason is a sharp contraction of the muscle that lifts the testis, which causes torsion of the hydatid (this is a racemose extension, a rudiment of the Müllerian duct). Muscle contraction and torsion may be caused by a reaction to cold, fear, stress, or genital trauma;
allergic swelling of the scrotum. It is observed against the background of general allergies, most often in the age range of 1-7 years, with exacerbations in the spring and summer;
surgical operations in the genital area, postoperative edema;
hydrocele;
inguinal hernia;
heart failure;
varicocele, which causes stagnation of blood due to the expansion of veins in the scrotum;
genital cancer.

The danger of testicular volvulus, the most common non-infectious cause of edematous scrotum syndrome, is in the rapid development of the threat of tissue necrosis. With torsion of the spermatic cord, the blood supply to the testicle also stops, leading to severe pain and death of the cells of the organ. If medical intervention does not occur in the next few hours, the disease passes to a stage characterized by a decrease in the level of pain and a high density of edematous tissues. When contacting a doctor due to a change in the picture, orchitis or epididymo-orchitis can be diagnosed.

Testicular torsion in newborns is more difficult to diagnose due to the frequent physiological swelling of the scrotum after childbirth and the gonads that have not always descended into the scrotum by the time they are born. Doctors pay attention to the general condition of the child, loss of appetite, anxiety, a pronounced reaction to pain during palpation of the testicle.

Prevention and treatment of swelling of the scrotum depends on the age and health of the person.

To prevent infectious and bacterial edema, it is necessary to strengthen the immune system in order to avoid infection. From traumatic edema helps protect the genitals during sports.

Treatment of edema begins with the collection of anamnesis. In order to correctly diagnose, a specialist needs to know how, when the edema began, at what speed the process proceeded, what preceded and accompanied the disease. The presence of any other symptoms is also important.

For an accurate diagnosis, an ultrasound examination is performed.

Treatment of edema follows the diagnosis. Therapy can be medical (painkillers, antibiotics, drugs and therapy aimed at treating the underlying disease) or surgical. If the causes of the condition are not defined as pathological, as well as at the stage of recovery and as a means of first aid, it is possible to prescribe local treatment of edema by the following methods:

cold application (also recommended immediately after a genital injury before and during transport to the clinic): ice packs wrapped in cloth. The total period of cold therapy is up to a day;
warm sitz baths after cold therapy;
decreased activity, daily stress;
wearing a special bandage for support and loose, non-compressive clothing.

It is important to distinguish between uncomplicated scrotal swelling due to trauma to the genital area and testicular torsion due to impact or trauma. Any symptom: increased pain, the appearance of discharge, deterioration of the general condition, etc., should lead to an immediate consultation with a doctor, and with a sharply increasing exacerbation of the disease, to hospitalization.

Pain and swelling of the scrotum, which began for no apparent reason at rest, is also a reason for a mandatory visit to the doctor.