Lung sarcoma is a malignant tumor. It differs from conventional cancer in the rapid development of pathology that begins in the connective tissues of the lung. It affects the upper lobe, sometimes covers the entire organ. It occurs in approximately 1% of all lung cancer cases.

Approximately half of the patients who apply die. The disease occurs in any age group, but more often in people over 40 years of age. Primary sarcoma occurs within the organ itself, while the secondary metastasizes to other systems.

Reasons for the development of the disease

The risk facts surrounding a person do not always provoke sarcoma, they only increase the likelihood of cell mutation. Pathology in the lungs causes, first of all, the air that is inhaled by a person. The likelihood of sarcoma formation is affected by:

• Habitat near industrial plants that emit carcinogenic compounds and soot into the air. work in these companies.
• Tobacco smoking. Alcohol. Addiction.
• Unlimited doses of radiation.
• Heredity.
• Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet rays.
• Wrong nutrition.
• Chaotic drug use.

Symptoms

Lung sarcoma resembles cancer in its features, but is characterized by the rapid development and growth of tumor cells. Depends on the degree and location of the disease. The patient is concerned about frequent shortness of breath, hoarseness, wheezing, persistent chest pain, nausea and vomiting. A persistent cough with streaks of blood is also a reason to see a specialist.

High fever, sweating during sleep, weakness, fatigue - the symptoms of sarcoma resemble prolonged chronic pneumonia. If the focus is located near the esophagus, there may be difficulty during the intake of solid food. Also characteristic is the cyanosis of the fingertips and the nasolabial triangle due to the lack of full oxygen enrichment of the cells of the body, associated with impaired lung function.

Diagnostics

The first step is to consult an oncologist, thoracic surgeon and pulmonologist. The danger lies in the fact that at the first time of the development of the disease, a person almost does not feel discomfort. In addition to general blood tests, to determine the degree of anemia, it is necessary to undergo x-rays, CT and MRI of the lungs. To adjust the rate of tumor development, these procedures should be performed several times over a certain period of time. Depending on the location of the tumor, it is necessary to carry out:

• bronchoscopy;
• endoscopic biopsy;
• transthoracic biopsy;
• diagnostic thoracoscopy;
• exploratory thoracotomy;
• pleural puncture;
• differential diagnosis.

Classification

Lung sarcoma involves two stages. The primary stage develops directly in the tissues of the organ. Secondary-metastatic, when the mutation cells have spread from other organs and tissues. The stages of development depend on the volume and size of the tumor itself.

I - the size of the tumor in the focus is up to 3 cm, has a clear shape, there are no metastases in this degree;

II - diameter 3-6 cm, metastases appear in isolated cases;

III - a tumor larger than 6 cm, metastases have spread to the lymph nodes;

IV - any size of oncology, with an unlimited number of metastases throughout the body;

Treatment and forecasts of doctors

After examining the results of the tests, before prescribing treatment, it is necessary to take into account the type, stage and location of oncology in the organ. Treatment for each patient is individual, depending on personal factors. Therapy will be long and to improve the result, it must be comprehensive. If surgery is necessary, a course of chemotherapy is done before the operation.

During the operation, the tumor itself and all the symptoms of the disease are eliminated. The method is used in the early stages, and after the operation, the person has the greatest chance of recovery. To improve the result, radiation therapy is used in combination. If the operation is impossible, chemotherapy is prescribed in combination with radiation. This procedure significantly reduces the size of the tumor and removes metastases. To maintain the body, immunotherapy is prescribed.

Treatment prognosis has disappointing results, especially late detection of pathology and numerous metastases. But with timely detection of oncology at an early stage, the patient has a great chance of a full recovery. At other stages, treatment gives a noticeable prolongation of life.

Modern technologies make it possible to carry out the removal of oncology without surgical intervention and opening the chest using x-rays. This procedure is called CyberKnife. This technology gives great hopes for the complete recovery of the patient.

Informative video

Lung sarcoma is a deadly disease that tends to progress rapidly. This is a rather rare pathology - among all oncological neoplasms of the respiratory organs, only 1-3% is lung sarcoma. Symptoms and signs of pathology do not always allow to recognize it at an early stage, so the treatment of the patient will require considerable effort and often has a disappointing prognosis. In Moscow, lung sarcoma is treated at the Yusupov hospital. The high qualification of the medical staff of the hospital and modern technical equipment make it possible to achieve maximum results in the treatment of this complex disease.

Sarcoma of the lungs: causes

Sarcoma develops from connective tissue cells. It can be secondary or primary. Sarcoma can affect any organ and is prone to rapid metastasis. In chondrosarcoma, lung damage occurs through the spread of metastases through the circulatory or lymphatic system. In this case, lung sarcoma will be secondary.

The emergence of primary sarcoma is still under study. Today, doctors do not know the exact reasons for the transformation of connective tissue cells into malignant ones. There are several negative factors that can increase the risk of developing the disease. However, their presence does not indicate the mandatory development of pathology. These factors include:

• Environmentally unfavorable environment. The likelihood of developing sarcoma is increased by industrial waste polluting the air;
• Heredity. A person is at risk if there are episodes of the disease in the family;
• Smoking;
• Alcoholism;
• Addiction;
• Irrational nutrition with a predominance of food rich in preservatives, flavor enhancers, chemical fillers;
• Uncontrolled use of certain medications.

Lung sarcoma: symptoms

Sarcoma can develop at any age. In the early stages, the disease is not always correctly diagnosed, which delays adequate treatment. Signs may appear as a normal malaise, and due to the rarity of the pathology, it is not always initially assumed that this is a sarcoma of the lung.

Symptoms and survival directly depend on the stage of the pathology. The severity of clinical manifestations will increase with the progression of the pathology. In the later stages, the likelihood of an increase in life expectancy is significantly reduced.

The main symptoms are:

• The appearance of general weakness, decreased performance, sudden weight loss;
• shortness of breath;
• Dysphagia: the occurrence of difficulty in swallowing food (with the localization of the tumor close to the esophagus);
• nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite;
• Cough with sputum and blood;
• increased sweating;
• Cyanosis: cyanosis of the nasolabial triangle, fingers;
• An increase in body temperature above subfebrile figures;
• Secondary infection of the lungs.

Pneumonia and other infectious diseases occur against the background of a decrease in human immunity. Sarcoma creates a favorable environment for the reproduction of harmful agents and contributes to their spread to a larger volume of tissues.

Sarcoma: diagnosis in lung cancer

Sarcoma usually looks like a large node surrounded by a capsule. In some cases, the tumor begins to grow into the lung tissue, destroying the parenchyma and bronchi. Early diagnosis of the disease is very important for the timely initiation of adequate therapy, which increases the chances of survival.

For the diagnosis of sarcoma, laboratory and instrumental research methods are used:

• Complete blood count (important indicators are the level of leukocytes, erythrocytes and ESR);
• General urine analysis;
• Blood chemistry;
• Radiography (used in the primary diagnosis, allows you to visualize the neoplasm);
• MRI (the most informative study that allows you to assess the size of the tumor, structure, extent of damage to neighboring tissues);
• Radioisotope study (necessary to determine the boundaries between healthy and pathological tissue);
• Biopsy (required for histological examination of a tumor fragment to determine the nature of its cells);
• Contrast ultrasound of blood vessels to assess their condition.

Sarcoma of the lungs: is it possible to cure

Sarcoma is a serious disease that requires long-term treatment. To eliminate the tumor, surgery is used and subsequent radiation and chemotherapy. The results of treatment will depend on the stage of the disease, how quickly it progresses, the presence of metastases, and the state of the human immune system.

During the operation, excision of the tumor and adjacent tissues is performed. The volume of surgical intervention will depend on the size of the neoplasm and the amount of affected tissue. To obtain the desired therapeutic effect, a lobe of the lung or an entire organ can be removed. In the event that abdominal surgery is contraindicated for the patient, radiosurgery methods using cyber and gamma knife are used.

After surgical removal of the tumor, chemotherapy and radiation therapy are prescribed. These methods can be used before surgery to stabilize the sarcoma and reduce its size. Chemotherapy is prescribed individually, taking into account all the characteristics of the patient's condition. Lung sarcoma has a tendency to relapse, so the patient may need an additional course of radiation and chemotherapy over time.

Lung sarcoma: how long do they live after surgery

Due to the high aggressiveness of the disease and the tendency to metastasize, its prognosis is unfavorable. Survival within 5 years after the end of treatment for grade I sarcoma is observed only in 50% of cases. At stages II and III, the five-year survival rate is 20%. In the later stages, patients most often die after a few months as a result of pulmonary insufficiency, infection, and other pathologies of the lungs.

Treatment of lung sarcoma in Moscow

A special department has been created in the Yusupov hospital, where such a complex disease is treated. The oncology clinic of the Yusupov Hospital employs highly qualified specialists who have extensive experience in treating such pathologies. Doctors take on the most difficult cases and achieve maximum results in treatment, which allows to increase the survival rate for malignant neoplasms.

The Yusupov hospital is equipped with the latest technology, which allows you to perform diagnostics and treatment of any complexity. Qualitative diagnostics contributes not only to the timely detection of pathology, but also helps to control the effectiveness of the therapy.

The treatment of lung sarcoma takes place in a comfortable hospital, where the patient is cared for by professional nurses. If necessary, the patient will be provided with medical assistance at any time of the day or night.

Bibliography

• ICD-10 (International Classification of Diseases)
• Yusupov hospital
• Cherenkov V. G. Clinical oncology. - 3rd ed. - M.: Medical book, 2010. - 434 p. - ISBN 978-5-91894-002-0.
• Shirokorad V. I., Makhson A. N., Yadykov O. A. Status of oncourological care in Moscow // Oncourology. - 2013. - No. 4. - S. 10-13.
• Volosyanko M. I. Traditional and natural methods of prevention and treatment of cancer, Aquarium, 1994
• John Niederhuber, James Armitage, James Doroshow, Michael Kastan, Joel Tepper Abeloff's Clinical Oncology - 5th Edition, eMEDICAL BOOKS, 2013

Service prices *

*The information on the site is for informational purposes only. All materials and prices posted on the site are not a public offer, determined by the provisions of Art. 437 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. For exact information, please contact the clinic staff or visit our clinic. The list of paid services provided is indicated in the price list of the Yusupov hospital.

*The information on the site is for informational purposes only. All materials and prices posted on the site are not a public offer, determined by the provisions of Art. 437 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. For exact information, please contact the clinic staff or visit our clinic.

In this article we will consider one of the types of malignant tumors - sarcoma. It can appear in absolutely any organ, since it originates from the connective tissue, more precisely, its cells. The human respiratory system is no exception and can also be prone to the formation of a malignant tumor. lung?

What are the types of sarcoma and why can it develop?

A characteristic feature of this type of oncology is the rapid development and appearance of multiple metastases. The neoplasm can be localized in the upper parts of the lungs or completely affect the entire organ. What is a sarcoma, we have already considered, and what are its types? There are two groups:

1. with a high level of malignancy.
2. With a low level of malignancy.

Why lung sarcoma develops is impossible to say for sure, just like about others, but there are several factors that provoke it:

• exposure for a long time or exposure to large doses of radiation;
• bad heredity;
• the presence of carcinogens in the air;
• inflammation in the lung tissues;
• bad habits, in particular smoking.

How can sarcoma be recognized?

Depending on the location of the tumor, its size and stage of development, the patient may experience the following symptoms:

• constant shortness of breath;
• coughing fits;
• sputum, sometimes with an admixture of blood;
• pain when swallowing;
• the appearance of lung tissue diseases, such as pleurisy, pneumonia;
• in the later stages of tumor development, with an increase in its size, compression syndrome occurs;
• standard signs of oncology: nausea, headache, vomiting, unreasonable weight loss, fever, weakness.

As a rule, many of the above signs of the disease appear only in the last stages. To determine what a sarcoma is and whether a patient has it, certain studies help doctors. This is a blood test (allows you to detect cancer cells), angiography (checking the vessels responsible for supplying blood to the tumor), Echo-KG (allows you to detect congestion in the right parts of the heart), radiography (allows you to detect the formation and its size), CT and MRI, biopsy (allows you to examine a tumor sample taken from a patient).

Can lung sarcoma be treated?

The sooner this disease is detected, the better. Treatment of sarcoma involves a set of measures to combat cancer. The success of medical intervention will be directly dependent on the stage of tumor development, the prevalence of metastases, their location and the general condition of the patient's body. In the fight against a lung tumor, a surgical method is used (in the early stages it is possible to excise the neoplasm, and in the later stages it is used to alleviate the patient's symptoms), chemotherapy (allows you to increase life expectancy and is actively used as an addition to the first method) and radiation therapy ( allows in the preoperative period to reduce the size of education). We looked at what lung sarcoma is and how it is treated.

- an extremely aggressive malignant tumor that develops from immature connective tissue elements of the lung. Symptoms of lung sarcoma are similar to those of lung cancer, but differ in more rapid progression. Subjective symptoms may include shortness of breath, cough, difficulty swallowing, fever, severe fatigue, sweating. Often revealed syndrome of the superior vena cava, pleurisy, pericarditis, pneumonia, osteoarthropathy. For diagnostic purposes, X-ray, CT and MRI of the lungs, bronchoscopy, fine needle biopsy, etc. are performed. Surgical methods (radical and palliative), chemotherapy, and radiotherapy are used to treat lung sarcoma.

ICD-10

C46.7 Kaposi's sarcoma of other sites

General information

Lung sarcoma is a highly malignant lung tumor of mesodermal origin, the source of which is usually the connective tissue structures of the bronchial walls and interalveolar septa. Sarcoma is a rare type of lung cancer, accounting for 1% of all lung cancers. Lung sarcoma differs from other malignant neoplasms by rapid growth and early metastasis. It often affects young men (20-40 years old), but it can develop in people of any gender and age. In children, lung sarcoma proceeds especially aggressively, which is associated with age-related activity of connective tissue growth. Oncology and pulmonology are engaged in the search for optimal ways to treat lung sarcoma.

Causes of lung sarcoma

The development of primary lung sarcoma can be initiated by various factors. It has been experimentally confirmed that ionizing radiation, ultraviolet radiation, chemicals, smoke and air pollution can come to the fore in the etiology of sarcomas of various localizations.

The increased risk group for the occurrence of lung sarcoma includes smoking patients; workers in contact with industrial carcinogens (asbestos, aniline dyes, pesticides, etc.); people living in industrial cities with a high content of exhaust gases and soot in the air. It is not safe to abuse tanning, both natural (under the rays of the sun) and artificial (in a solarium). The role of burdened heredity has been proven: in the presence of family cases of sarcoma, the risk of its manifestation in other blood relatives is several times higher.

Secondary lung damage can be metastases of osteogenic sarcoma, uterine sarcoma, soft tissue sarcoma, breast, mediastinum, etc. In most cases, lung sarcoma is located in the peripheral regions, affecting the upper lobes, but it can also affect the entire lung; sometimes localized in large bronchi in the form of polypoid outgrowths. The tumor has the appearance of a massive round or polycyclic node, soft texture, white-pink color on the cut. Metastasis of sarcoma often occurs hematogenously.

Classification

According to its origin, lung sarcoma is divided into primary (growing from the lung's own tissues) and secondary (metastatic, spreading to the lungs from a distant primary focus - muscles, bones, genitals, etc.). Histologically, primary lung sarcomas can be highly differentiated (low degree of malignancy - with low mitotic activity of cells, a large proportion of stromal elements) and poorly differentiated (high degree of malignancy - with a high rate of cell division, the predominance of tumor elements, a well-developed vascular network, foci of necrosis ).

Well-differentiated lung sarcomas differ depending on the source of the blastomatous process and can be represented by the following types (in descending order of frequency):

• angiosarcoma- comes from the walls of blood vessels
• fibrosarcoma- formed from bronchial and peribronchial connective tissue
• lymphosarcoma- develops from lymphoid tissue
• neurosarcoma- affects the connective tissue elements of the nervous tissue
• chondrosarcoma- originates from the cartilaginous elements of the bronchi
• liposarcoma- formed from adipose tissue
• leiomyosarcoma And rhabdomyosarcoma- originate from smooth muscle and striated muscle, respectively
• hemangiopericytoma- arises from pericytes - cells that make up the walls of capillaries.

Undifferentiated lung sarcomas are divided into:

• spindle cell
• round cell
• polymorphocellular.

Staging of lung sarcoma is based on the extent of the tumor and involves the allocation of 4 stages:

• I stage- limited infiltrate or node in the lung up to 3 cm in diameter with no metastases;
• II stage- a tumor measuring 3-6 cm in diameter with the presence of single metastases in the peribronchial lymph nodes and lymph nodes of the root of the lung;
• III stage- a tumor larger than 6 cm in diameter with the presence of metastases in the lymph nodes of the mediastinum, invasion of the pleura
• IV stage- a tumor of any size in combination with distant metastases.

Symptoms of lung sarcoma

The clinical picture of lung sarcoma resembles the clinic of lung cancer, but unlike the latter, it develops more rapidly. Specific symptoms are determined by the stage, location and histological structure of the tumor. With an intrabronchial type of tumor growth, bronchus obstruction may occur - in this case, the clinical picture resembles the clinic of central lung cancer.

In typical cases, patients are concerned about progressive shortness of breath, chest pain, cough with sputum and streaks of blood, fever, sweating. Due to constant weakness, fatigue, lack of appetite, general well-being suffers. With tumor invasion of the esophagus, dysphagia develops, with compression of the venous trunks - syndrome of the superior vena cava. The germination of the pleura is accompanied by the development of hemorrhagic pleurisy, the outer shell of the heart - hemorrhagic pericarditis.

Sometimes lung sarcoma is detected during a detailed examination for prolonged or recurrent pneumonia. In some cases, the clinical picture is dominated not by signs of lung damage, but by paraneoplastic syndrome (pulmonary osteoarthropathy) - periostitis, arthritis, joint pain, deformity of the fingers. In the later stages, cancer intoxication, cancer cachexia, and anemia develop.

Diagnostics

To confirm the diagnosis, a consultation of an oncologist and a thoracic surgeon is carried out, the anamnesis data is clarified, and instrumental examinations are prescribed. It is possible to suspect lung sarcoma by the rapid progression of the tumor in young people. Radiation methods (X-ray, CT of the lungs) play a leading role in the detection of lung sarcoma. On radiographs, a round or oval shadow with uneven edges is determined, which is more often localized in the peripheral regions. With dynamic control, a rapid increase in the tumor is noted. CT and MRI of the lungs allow a more detailed analysis of tumor parameters and staging of the process.

With intrabronchial growth, polypoid sarcoma is well visualized during bronchoscopy. It has the appearance of a white-pink formation of irregular shape without a capsule. Histological diagnosis is confirmed using

Treatment of lung sarcoma

When choosing a rational treatment strategy, the stage of lung sarcoma, its type and localization are taken into account. In operable cases, a lobectomy or pulmonectomy with lymphadenectomy is performed. In the preoperative period, as a rule, a course of polychemotherapy is prescribed. Radiation therapy is usually used as part of complex treatment (complements surgical and chemotherapy treatment), since lung sarcoma is less sensitive to radiotherapy. An innovative technology of selective internal radiotherapy (SIRT) is being introduced - the introduction of radioisotopes through a catheter into the lung vessels leading to the tumor.

If radical resection is not possible, palliative surgery may be performed to eliminate pathological symptoms and increase the short-term survival of patients. In addition, for inoperable tumors, chemotherapy can be prescribed alone or in combination with radiation therapy, immunochemotherapy.

Forecast

Lung sarcoma is a cancer with a potentially poor prognosis. A distinctive feature is the tendency to recurrence and metastasis of lung sarcoma, which leads to a low survival rate of patients with this diagnosis. The five-year survival rate at the beginning of treatment at the first stage is 50%, at the third - 20%. When a primary sarcoma of the lung is detected in the later stages or a secondary lesion of the lung, patients die within a few months.

Lung sarcoma is a rapidly developing malignant neoplasm, which almost always leads the patient to death. The tumor is formed from mesenchymal tissues, which are connective.

The derivatives of the described tissues are cartilage, muscles, bones and nerve fibers. This explains the degree of damage to the respiratory organ during the occurrence and progression of sarcoma.

The main danger of the described pathological process is that the disease can develop in patients of any age group, regardless of gender. The younger the patient's age, the more intense the progression of the tumor formation. The prognosis for untimely detected lung sarcoma is categorically unfavorable.

Is sarcoma an oncology?

Sarcoma is a pathological process that is accompanied by the formation of a malignant tumor, the only treatment for which is complete excision. The main danger of malignant tumors is that cells develop in their structure that are harmful and are not controlled by the body.

Their development is rapid and chaotic, and directly harmful cells slow down or completely stop the process of dividing the necessary and healthy cells of the human body.

For reference! Sarcoma is one of the types of malignant tumor processes that occurs due to the active division of connective tissue cells, the walls of blood vessels and lymph.

Sarcoma is not cancer, however, the described disease has very similar symptomatic manifestations. Compared to cancerous tumors, formations are not tied to certain organs and their epithelial cells. In turn, the progression of pathology (the occurrence of tumors) occurs in the epithelial cell structures of the internal organs or from the integumentary epithelium of external organs.

The similarity of the symptomatic manifestations of sarcoma with cancerous tumors is that there is an infiltrating growth that causes nearby tissues to collapse. Also, there is an increased likelihood of recurrence after excision of the neoplasm.

With sarcoma, the tumor progresses and develops at a high rate, the rate of progress of a malignant neoplasm in a child's body is especially high. Pathology takes the 2nd place in mortality after tumor processes of cancer.

Need to know! According to medical statistics, the type is extremely rare - about 1% of all malignant tumors.

The lungs are the organ in the human body that is an indispensable part of the respiratory system. Only the lungs transmit oxygen into the blood, and hence to all other tissues and organs through the bloodstream.

Without oxygen, the human body cannot survive. Another difficulty of education is that with it there is a rapid spread of metastases to other organs of the body.

Education is growing rapidly and for this reason is able not only to occupy most of the lung, but also to close it completely.

Causes of formation, mechanism of progression and types of sarcoma

The etiology of the onset and progression of the disease has not yet been accurately established. Nevertheless, physicians have deduced a certain list of predisposing factors that can provoke the occurrence and contribute to the rapid development of pathology.

Such causative factors include the following:

1. Hazards of a professional nature - smoke in the premises, inhalation of toxic fumes and others.
2. Radiation radiation to which the patient was exposed.
3. Environmental pollution.
4. Hereditary predisposition.
5. Injuries to the chest area, which were accompanied by damage to the lung tissue.
6. Sarcoma of other organs and tissues.
7. Long-term smoking history.

Fact! Smoking (pictured) is not just a bad habit, it is an addiction that must be fought.

These factors negatively affect the human respiratory system, as they affect the mucous membranes. However, what specifically triggers the formation of sarcoma is not known for certain. Since in the pulmonary system most of the organs consist of tissues of a connective nature, a malignant neoplasm can occur in any part - alveoli, bronchi, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and nerve fibers.

There are several varieties of sarcoma that characterize the structure from which it began to develop, they are discussed in the table:

Attention! Quite often, several types of neoplasms are diagnosed in 1 patient.

For this reason, the diagnosis of "sarcoma" is collective and combines several types of different tumors.

Carciosarcoma is one of the most unfavorable options, as it combines the degeneration of cellular structures of various layers:

• masenchymal;
• epithelial;
• walls of the respiratory tract.

How the disease progresses

The stages of progression include such stages that form the basis of the clinical division of lung sarcoma:

1. The parameters of the tumor neoplasm are up to 3 centimeters, and metastases were not detected.
2. The neoplasm grows to a size of 6 cm, metastasis occurs to the root of the respiratory organ.
3. Tumor malignant neoplasm has a size of more than 6 cm, it grows into the surrounding tissues and captures closely spaced lymph nodes.
4. A tumor formation of a malignant nature can have a different size, but there are metastases in distant organs and tissues.

Depending on whether the disease was formed directly in the lung structures or was found due to metastasis from other tumors, sarcoma is divided into secondary and primary.

Oncologists make a diagnosis based on the following parameters of a malignant neoplasm:

• degree of damage;
• changes in the lymph nodes;
• whether there are metastases;
• volume of neoplasm.

This classification is called TNM, while:

• T - characterizes the size of the tumor formation;
• N - regional lymph nodes;
• M - metastases to distant tissues and organs.

Also, there is an indication of the localization of the sarcoma formation - it is central or peripheral. Directly, the neoplasm in appearance is a massive knot, which is located separately or grows into nearby tissues.

Inside the sarcoma node, the formation of vessels occurs, which provide excellent vascularization, that is, blood supply. The result is an active increase in the tumor.

Lung sarcoma has a tendency to metastasize and grow into surrounding tissues and organs. Since the growth of the tumor formation is rapid, it can occupy the entire lung, which causes a severe clinical picture.

The video in this article will acquaint readers with the features of the formation of a sarcoma node and the main methods for its elimination.

Symptomatic manifestations of lung sarcoma

A long time period of lung sarcoma may not manifest itself in any way.

However, when interviewing patients, they note the following violations:

• general weakness;
• increased levels of fatigue:
• decrease in the degree of performance;
• an increase in overall body temperature over a long period of time;
• shortness of breath, which is constantly growing;
• loss of appetite;
• increased intensity of the functioning of the sweat glands;
• swallowing disorder, otherwise - dysphagia;
• soreness of the chest area;
• decrease in body weight indicators;
• hoarseness of voice;
• cough with sputum containing blood.

As a result of the development of a tumor disease, immunity decreases, which leads to the onset and progression of inflammatory processes in the lung tissues around the tumor and pleurisy. When the sarcoma grows into the pericardial cavity, the patient experiences a variety of symptomatic manifestations characteristic of the pathology of the cardiovascular system - pain in the heart area, rhythm disturbances, and others.

The initial signs may be symptoms that do not have a direct relationship with the lesion of the pulmonary system. This phenomenon is called paraneoplastic syndrome. With a similar phenomenon, the patient has some soreness in the articular areas, arthritis and deformities of the phalanges of the fingers.

Diagnosis of lung sarcoma

Diagnosis requires a comprehensive examination of the patient's body. During the diagnostics, specialists assess the patient's complaints, collect an anamnesis of life and pathology, and receive the results of subjective and objective studies. Patients with suspected sarcoma should definitely consult a thoracic surgeon or an oncologist.

Due to the absence of symptomatic manifestations in the early stages of the pathological process, diagnosis is already performed with tumors of significant parameters. Sarcomas of a secondary nature are quite often detected by chance - during a routine preventive examination for FLG.

The diagnostic instruction involves the following manipulations to confirm the diagnosis:

• blood biochemistry;
• general blood test;
• bronchoscopy:
• biopsy;
• angiography;
• plain radiography of the sternum.

Based on the results of these studies, it is possible to make a true diagnosis without errors.

Therapy and prognosis

The most effective sequence of therapy that is carried out for lung sarcoma is as follows:

• primary chemotherapy;
• surgical intervention;
• radiation therapy;
• repeat chemotherapy.

However, only the treating specialist can determine the amount of treatment required, and he is guided by the existing clinical picture.

The standard type of surgical intervention for lung sarcoma is a wide excision of the tumor in the affected area. Removal of the tumor is performed along with nearby lymph nodes - this is required in order to prevent the likelihood of relapse. Also, during the operation, a small area can be removed, otherwise - segmentectomy, lobe, otherwise - lobectomy or the entire lung, otherwise - pulmonectomy.

When the severity of the patient's condition and comorbidities do not provide an opportunity to perform an abdominal operation, more gentle, more often minimally invasive, methods are chosen. During such interventions, specialized radiosurgical knives are used. Chemotherapy is performed with pharmacological drugs, the effect of which is purposefully aimed at stopping the division of tumor cells.

The most commonly used medications are:

1. Cyclophosphamide;
2. Ifosfamide;
3. Vincristine;
4. Doxorubicin.

Also, their combinations with other drugs can be prescribed.

In addition to the above, symptomatic treatment can be carried out, which is aimed at leveling the following negative processes and conditions:

• inflammatory processes;
• intoxication;
• anemia.

Likely outcome

The prognosis of the disease is directly dependent on the type of tumor, the volume of affected tissues, the presence or absence of metastasis, and recurrent course. When pulmonary sarcoma is detected in the early stages, life expectancy of more than 5 years is observed in 50% of patients. In the later stages, more than 5 years, only 25% live. Lung sarcoma has a fairly high mortality rate.

Having figured out what lung sarcoma is, one cannot but emphasize its danger - the most favorable prognosis for early diagnosis. The main danger is that the pathological process may not manifest itself for a long time.

Readers' attention should also be stopped on the fact that sarcoma, like any malignant formation, has the ability to progress rapidly, treatment should be carried out by a doctor who has the ability to constantly monitor the patient's condition. The use of any folk remedies and untested methods can be harmful and cause irreparable damage to the human body. The price, namely the consequences, can be extremely high, often human life is at stake.