SOCIAL HELP
DISEASE
DISABLED PERSON
CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTION
CONVICTED
PSYCHOLOGY
PSYCHOLOGICAL CRITERION

The article considers the main aspects of the characteristics of convicted disabled persons according to psychological criteria. Shows some of the problems of convicted disabled people held in correctional institutions of the penitentiary system.

Medical and psychological support of convicts who are disabled
Characteristics of convicted disabled people according to psychological criteria
Changing the identity of convicted drug addicts group members
Some aspects of the organization of psychoprophylactic work with drug addicted convicts

Medical and psychological support of convicted disabled people in penitentiary institutions of modern Russia is actively developing as a special type of activity to provide medical and sanitary and socio-psychological assistance and support to this category of convicts. For this purpose, medical and sanitary units, psychological laboratories, departments of socio-psychological work, groups of social protection and accounting for the work experience of convicts have been created and are functioning in correctional institutions.

Disabled convicts have the state-guaranteed right to provide qualified medical and social assistance, to carry out various types of restorative and rehabilitation measures of a medical nature, including through medical and medical and social examination. Legislation provides persons with disabilities with equal opportunities with other citizens in the exercise of civil, economic, political and other rights and freedoms provided for by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, as well as in accordance with the generally recognized principles and norms of international law and international treaties of the Russian Federation. Measures and forms of support for the disabled apply to all categories of citizens, including convicts serving a criminal sentence in the form of deprivation of liberty. At the same time, the special nature of the execution of deprivation of liberty (that is, the organization of a special penitentiary process, including the stage of release and post-penitentiary resocialization) and preparation for release is determined by the sign of disability of an individual serving a criminal sentence.

Activities to provide convicts with medical and psychological assistance, support, protection in order to correct and resocialize them during the period of execution of a criminal sentence, as well as adaptation in society after release, are a priority in work in a correctional institution, especially with such a category as convicts with disabilities

In the Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners, adopted in 1955, it is noted that "the legislator should take measures to ensure that convicts, during and after serving their sentence, retain the maximum of rights in the field of social security, social benefits and other civil interests." The preservation of the maximum rights in the field of providing for convicted disabled persons, as recommended in the fundamental international documents, is an expression of the principles of humanism and social justice in penitentiary law in terms of social security. Among the most important laws that are important for working in the penitentiary system with convicted disabled people, first of all, can be attributed the Penal Code of the Russian Federation (1996), which fixes as a task of the penitentiary legislation of the Russian Federation, along with others: “providing assistance convicted in social adaptation". This rule of law applies to the entire mass of convicts serving criminal sentences, including convicts with disabilities.

One cannot ignore such an aspect of social work as the medical and sanitary provision of convicts. In accordance with Article 101 of the Penal Code of the Russian Federation, in the penitentiary system for the medical care of convicts, medical institutions are organized, and the administration of the correctional institution is responsible for fulfilling the requirements that ensure their health protection.

Medical and sanitary provision of convicts sentenced to deprivation of liberty is one of the integral components of the conditions for serving a sentence. It is organized in accordance with Art. 101 of the Penal Code of the Russian Federation and the Federal Law of November 21, 2011 No. 323-FZ "On the Fundamentals of Protecting the Health of Citizens in the Russian Federation".

The procedure for providing convicts with medical care, organizing and conducting sanitary supervision, using medical and preventive and sanitary institutions of health authorities and attracting their medical personnel for these purposes is established by the legislation of the Russian Federation, regulatory legal acts of the Government of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Justice of Russia and the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia. The medical and sanitary provision of convicted disabled persons implies an external examination by a medical worker upon their arrival at a correctional facility in order to identify bodily injuries. Then, newly arrived disabled convicts undergo comprehensive sanitization and are placed in a quarantine room, where they undergo a medical examination within a day, and they are placed under medical supervision for up to 15 days. If infectious patients are detected during this period, they are immediately isolated in a medical unit or hospital, and a complex of anti-epidemic measures is carried out in the institution. Convicted invalids in quarantine departments undergo a mandatory medical examination, which includes an examination by specialist doctors, X-ray fluorography and laboratory examination. The results of the examination are recorded in the medical outpatient card of a convicted disabled person and are taken into account when distributing them by units and types of work.

In the process of executing the sentence, the medical and sanitary care of convicted disabled persons includes: outpatient and inpatient treatment, medication and sanitary supervision.

Outpatient treatment of convicted invalids is carried out in the medical units of correctional institutions. Convicts with disabilities are admitted to them by appointment and by appointment of the medical staff in accordance with the operating hours of the medical unit. The structure of the medical unit includes, as a rule: a pharmacy, an outpatient clinic, a hospital with a diagnostic laboratory, dental, therapeutic and other rooms, an infectious isolation ward, etc. Convicts with disabilities receive medicines received from relatives strictly according to medical indications and only under the supervision of medical staff.

Inpatient treatment of convicted disabled persons is carried out in medical and preventive (interregional and regional hospitals for convicts, specialized tuberculosis hospitals) and medical correctional institutions (treatment correctional colonies for convicted tuberculosis patients). They have the appropriate equipment, a staff of doctors and the status of a colony as a medical institution. In cases where the necessary medical assistance cannot be provided in medical and preventive institutions and medical correctional institutions, as well as in emergency cases, convicted persons with disabilities may be sent, subject to the requirements of protection and supervision, to territorial medical and preventive institutions of health authorities.

In addition, convicts with disabilities, at their request, may receive any additional medical and preventive care, paid at their own expense, provided by healthcare professionals in medical institutions and medical correctional institutions. Payment for additional medical and preventive care is carried out by postal (telegraph) transfer of money from the personal account of a convicted disabled person to the address of the medical institution or medical specialist who provided it.

In correctional institutions, strict compliance with sanitary-hygienic and anti-epidemic standards and requirements is ensured. The administration of correctional institutions is responsible for the fulfillment of the established sanitary-hygienic and anti-epidemic requirements that ensure the protection of the health of convicted disabled persons.

The appeared cases of refusal of convicted disabled people to eat, endangering their lives, led to the consolidation in Art. 101 of the Penal Code of the Russian Federation of the provision on forced feeding of a convicted disabled person for medical reasons.

In all types of correctional institutions, with the exception of a correctional colony of a special regime for keeping those sentenced to life imprisonment and prisons, where all convicts are kept in cells, convicted invalids are kept in ordinary residential premises, where they are placed in detachments or brigades. Convicted invalids of groups I and II are provided with improved living conditions. As a rule, these can be separate premises where convicted persons with disabilities are accommodated.

In correctional institutions there are people with visual and hearing impairments, with amputated limbs, with general and occupational diseases. They have the opportunity to receive regular medical care in a correctional institution, they can be placed in a hospital in the medical unit of the colony, as well as in a special hospital or medical correctional institution. The content of this category of convicts in places of deprivation of liberty requires the creation of certain conditions, proper care for them, as well as material costs.

Disabled people of groups I and II serving their sentences can additionally receive parcels (transfers), parcels, as well as purchase food and essentials at the expense of funds available in their personal accounts, in the amount of one established minimum wage from taking into account the allowances provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation. Individual convicts are involved in assisting the disabled in their care.

Working convicts with disabilities of groups I and II, as well as elderly convicts, the penal legislation provides for certain benefits:

increase in the duration of annual paid leave up to 18 working days;
engaging in work without pay only at their request;
an increase in the size of the guaranteed minimum to 50% of their wages, pensions and other incomes.

Convicts who lost their ability to work while serving their sentence of deprivation of liberty are entitled to compensation for damages in the cases and in the manner prescribed by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Convicted disabled people, like all convicts, have the opportunity to communicate with each other and with other convicts, staff, attend all information and explanatory, social, cultural and sports events held by the administration of the penitentiary. They have the opportunity to visit the library, as well as to watch TV programs at the allotted time according to the daily routine.

In each correctional institution for all convicts, including disabled people, there is an opportunity to receive basic general education, secondary education, vocational education, as well as opportunities for distance learning in colleges and universities.

Many positive examples from the activities of the penitentiary system can be cited when convicted persons with disabilities themselves actively participate in the conduct of leisure cultural and mass and physical culture and sports events, as well as in the activities of public amateur formations to assist the administration of the penitentiary in various areas of activity.

Meals for convicts - disabled people of groups I and II are provided free of charge according to the increased norms established by the Government of the Russian Federation (general, dietary) and are organized depending on the possibilities of their movement in the dining room of the correctional institution or in the allotted place in the living quarters. Clothes for convicts with disabilities of groups I and II are also provided free of charge. Convicted persons with disabilities can be cared for by persons specially appointed by the administration of the correctional institution for this purpose from among the convicts themselves. They help such convicts in all matters related to the need for personal hygiene and public sanitation. Convicted persons with disabilities are entitled on a general basis to state pensions. The payment of pensions to them is carried out by the bodies of social protection of the population at the location of the penitentiary institution by transferring pensions to the personal accounts of convicts.

When preparing for release, it is necessary to take into account the characteristics of such categories of convicts as disabled people of groups I and II, the elderly, pregnant women with children, as well as foreign citizens.

Thus, in accordance with Article 180 of the Penal Code of the Russian Federation, at the request of convicts released from places of detention who are disabled of groups I and II, as well as convicted men over 60 years old who did not have a permanent place of residence before conviction, and convicted women over 55 years old, the administration of the penitentiary sent requests to the social protection authorities to place them in homes for the disabled and the elderly. Persons who do not have children and go to homes for the disabled or the elderly are provided with tickets to the location of the institution.

Thus, it is impossible to separate social work from medical and psychological support when working with convicted disabled people, and all of the above confirms the existence of legal norms in the Penal Code of the Russian Federation fixing the basics of working with convicted disabled people in the penal system of the Ministry of Justice of Russia, which are reflected in: the Constitution of the Russian Federation; normative acts of the Ministry of Justice of Russia regulating issues of social work; normative acts of the Federal Penitentiary Service, its main departments and departments; local regulations adopted by the administration of correctional institutions of the penal system on the issues of medical and sanitary and socio-psychological support of convicts.

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All social work with convicts with disabilities during their stay in correctional institutions is carried out by employees of the correctional institution (primarily social workers, medical workers, heads of detachments and psychologists). In Russia, social work in the penitentiary sphere as an independent type of professional activity began to take shape in 2001. This is due to the transformation of penitentiary policy towards humanization, i.e. observance of the rights of convicts, ensuring optimal conditions for serving their sentences, returning to society.

Representatives of public organizations and religious denominations that assist in this work of the penal system can be involved in this work. Practice shows that the leaders, as well as the social, educational and medical services of the penitentiary institution, on the basis of cooperation agreements concluded with various organizations, first of all create opportunities for receiving social assistance from them for precisely the weakly protected categories of convicts, which include convicts with disabilities.

The main tasks of social work in a correctional institution are:

? organization and provision of social protection for all categories of convicts, especially those in need of it (pensioners, disabled people who have lost family ties, transferred from educational colonies, the elderly, suffering from alcohol or drug addiction, do not have a fixed place of residence, patients with incurable or incurable diseases);
? assistance in ensuring acceptable social and living conditions for serving a sentence;
? assistance in the social development of the convict, including improving their social culture, developing social needs, changing normative-value orientations, increasing the level of social self-control;
? assistance to convicts in finding a socially acceptable environment for them, points of social interest (work, family, religion, art, etc.);
? development and strengthening of socially useful ties between the convict and the outside world;
? assistance to the convict in obtaining the help of specialists.

The organization of social work with convicts with disabilities begins with the identification and registration of persons in this category. First of all, it is necessary to establish: the state of their health, the presence of work experience and the right to receive a pension after release, family ties, specialties, motivation and life goals, the most characteristic mental states, behavioral anomalies.

Registration of disability pensions is carried out after the recognition of a convicted person as a disabled person, which is carried out in the manner prescribed by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 20, 2006 No. 95 “On the procedure and conditions for recognizing a person as disabled”. The medical and social examination of the convict is carried out upon his written application addressed to the head of the public service institution that regulates these issues. The application, referral and other medical documents confirming the violation of his health are sent by the administration of the institution where the convicted person is kept to the territorial institutions of the state service of medical and social expertise. In order to draw up an individual program for the rehabilitation of a disabled person, the examination of convicts in institutions of the state service of medical and social expertise is carried out in the presence of a representative of the administration of the correctional institution where convicts sent for examination are serving their sentences.

When a convicted person is recognized as disabled, a certificate of the MSEK of the established form is sent to the correctional institution and stored in the personal file of the convicted person. An extract from the certificate of examination in an institution of the state service of medical and social examination of a convict recognized as disabled is sent within three days from the date of establishment of disability to the body providing pensions at the location of the correctional institution for assigning, recalculating and arranging the payment of a pension. And an extract from the examination report on the results of determining the degree of loss of professional ability to work, the need for additional types of assistance is sent to the correctional institution and kept in the personal file of the convict. In case of release from a correctional facility of a convict whose disability period has not expired, the MSEC certificate is issued to him in his hands.

The payment of pensions assigned to those sentenced to deprivation of liberty is made from the day of the verdict, but not earlier than July 1, 1997, and in all cases not earlier than the day from which the pension was assigned. In order to organize the payment of pensions to convicts who received a pension before conviction, the administration of the penitentiary sends to the body providing pensions a list and a certificate for each convict about his stay in a correctional institution. The body providing pensions checks the information indicated in the list, if necessary, requests pension files and other documents required to open the payment.

After the disabled person is released from places of deprivation of liberty, the pension file is sent to his place of residence or to the place of stay at the request of the body providing pensions, based on the application of the pensioner, a certificate of release from places of deprivation of liberty and a registration document issued by registration authorities. And after all the necessary documents are collected and executed, he will again receive a pension.

In working with convicted disabled people, a social work specialist relies on their inherent positive qualities (their experience, knowledge, general erudition, etc.) in order to neutralize the negative features of diseases. This can be achieved if we proceed from the basic principle of social work with this category of convicts - to make their life active. Since disabled people pay special attention to the state of their health and try to find means to maintain it, it is important to organize a series of lectures and talks on medical and social topics. Corners or stands with special medical and educational literature, clippings from periodicals, health education posters designed for convicted disabled people can be equipped in the club of the correctional institution, the library, in the detachments: “How to maintain health”, “How to cope with a serious illness” , “The society needs your experience and knowledge”, etc.

Health education is an integral and integral part of the activities of the medical service, carried out in close cooperation with educational, cultural, mass and social work, since an important aspect of the entire work of a correctional institution is that a person who can independently adapt to conditions after liberation. Sanitary and educational work is carried out using various forms and methods: lectures, conversations, consultations, loud reading of literature and radio broadcasting; issue of sanitary bulletins, wall newspapers, memos; the use of posters, slogans, transparencies, filmstrips, photo exhibitions, film demonstrations, etc.

When choosing a job for convicted invalids, it should be borne in mind that when choosing a profession, the role of working conditions increases, that disabled people of groups I and II are involved in work only at their request. Effective labor rehabilitation of convicted disabled people is achieved by maintaining a measured labor rhythm that does not allow emergency work, assaults in production activities.

The organization of social and hygienic measures includes: constant monitoring of the health of convicted disabled people, medical care, prevention of psychopathological deviations by engaging convicted disabled people in socially useful activities. From the point of view of health prevention for this category of convicts, drastic changes in lifestyle due to the transition to another type of work activity or release from work due to illness are unacceptable. Such drastic changes cause states of stress that the body cannot always cope with, involvement, taking into account the state of health, in any type of socially useful activity - assignments to participate in socially useful work without pay; provision of paid part-time work; involvement in the work of amateur organizations; involvement in the implementation of one-time assignments; appointment of responsible persons from among them for any specific area of work on a voluntary basis.

It is effective to create self-help groups by social work specialists and ensure the activities of assigned convicts from the social assistance section to serve convicted disabled people who can participate in activities to ensure proper household, sanitary and hygienic and other necessary affairs for disabled people.

To maintain a certain level of functioning of the intellect, it is important to involve disabled convicts in the work of self-education. The preservation of psychophysical functions is achieved by feasible activity and occupational therapy, the development of intellectual interests, and the constant expansion of erudition.

Employees should teach disabled people how to organize their leisure time, which they will need in freedom, especially those who will be sent to homes for the elderly and disabled. The organization of free time and leisure of convicted disabled persons should pursue two goals: the creation of the best conditions for the restoration of physical and mental energy and the maximum occupation of free time by activities that contribute to the development of their public interests. To this end, convicts with disabilities are involved in mass cultural work, participation in amateur performances, design of visual agitation, the work of the editorial board, propaganda of books, repair of the existing book fund, and self-education. It is also advisable to involve the category in question in a feasible physical education and sports (competitions in chess, checkers, arm wrestling, etc.).

The organization and implementation of preventive measures with them, including, along with measures of a purely medical nature, also socio-psychological and socio-pedagogical measures, is also of no small importance for preparing this category of convicts for life in freedom. Special attention should be paid to the psychological and practical preparation of convicted persons with disabilities for release from the penitentiary.

With persons who do not have families and relatives, preparatory work is being carried out to send them to nursing homes and disabled people after their release from the penitentiary. It is important not only to properly draw up the relevant documents, but also to tell the convicts what these institutions are, what is the order of life there. There are special rules and rules of conduct that must be followed. It is important to clarify that in institutions of this type there is constant control over the observance of the procedure for the movement of wards by the management, doctors, and a police officer on duty. It is advisable to read letters from convicts who were previously released and sent to these homes.

It should be noted that in order to provide persons with disabilities released from correctional facilities with appropriate clothing and footwear, measures are being taken to distribute and receive various types of assistance from various non-governmental organizations.

With regard to those who cannot be sent to nursing homes, in the absence of family and relatives, measures must be taken to provide them with a home or guardianship after their release from the penitentiary. Persons with disabilities who, after release, are unable to independently go to their place of residence must be accompanied by employees of the medical service.

Of great importance in the organization of social work in general in the correctional institution of the penal system of the Ministry of Justice of Russia for the preparation of convicts for release is the legal consolidation of this activity. The preparation of convicts for release is legislatively enshrined in Chapter 22 of the Penal Code of the Russian Federation, which is entitled “Assistance to convicts released from serving their sentences and control over them”, including convicted disabled people. Preparation for the release of persons serving sentences in correctional institutions begins no later than six months before the end of the term of imprisonment. The preparation of convicts for release includes several stages.

1st stage. Accounting for convicts released at the end of their sentence.
2nd stage. Documentation (providing convicts released from the penitentiary with all the necessary documents). This is the main element in the preparation of convicted persons with disabilities for release from the penitentiary. The main document, without which it is impossible to resolve any issue related to the resocialization of the convict, is the passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation. Issues of obtaining passports are relevant for all categories of those who have lost for various reasons.
3rd stage. Restoration of socially useful connections of convicts. For this purpose, requests are sent to the police department, correspondence is maintained with relatives, etc. In this case, the interaction of a social work specialist with the heads of detachments, as well as employees of other departments of the correctional institution, is of particular importance.
4th stage. Conducting individual conversations with each released person. During the conversation, life plans for the future are clarified. In addition, the procedure for employment, the rights and obligations of citizens during the search for work are explained, questions of household appliances, etc. are clarified.
5th stage. Registration of social cards for each convict. A social card must be issued upon release into the hands of a convict. The specialists of both the administration of the penitentiary institution and other services participate in the compilation of the social map. The cards are drawn up in order to ensure a complete record of persons released from the institution for submission to local governments, employment institutions, social protection of the population, health care and other institutions and organizations at the place of residence.
6th stage. Ensuring the travel of the convict to the place of destination upon release. Travel documents are purchased and, if necessary, an escort is provided for the person who is released to the vehicle.
7th stage. Development of methodological materials containing the information necessary for those released on social services, medical care, paperwork (passport, disability, registration at the place of residence), employment, social support. These methodological materials will allow a person released from an institution executing punishment to form certain knowledge about social reality.
8th stage. Identification of convicts who have the right to receive a pension, and the adoption of timely measures for their pension provision after release. Pension legislation distinguishes two types of disability pensions: labor pensions; state pensions.

The main documents that a social work specialist needs to prepare for the appointment of pensions:

? statement of the convict;
? convict's passport;
? certificates confirming the place of residence or actual residence of a citizen on the territory of the Russian Federation;
? insurance certificate of state pension insurance;
? documents on labor activity: work book, certificate of average monthly earnings for periods of activity for calculating the amount of pension provision;
? documents on the establishment of disability and the degree of limitation of the ability to work and other documents required in a number of cases.

The social work specialist draws up the necessary documents and sends them to the bodies providing pensions, exercises control over the timely transfer of pensions and takes measures to eliminate deficiencies. If the convicted person does not have a work book and other documents necessary for the appointment and recalculation of a pension, requests are sent to search for these documents. If it is not possible to confirm the work experience or there is no work experience, a state social pension is assigned upon reaching the age of 65 for men and 55 for women, or a state social disability pension.

An important formal element aimed at the successful resocialization and social adaptation of a convicted disabled person who is released from a penitentiary is the preparation and issuance of a "Memo to the Released". It may include: advice from a psychologist; rights and obligations of released citizens; information about the release procedure; information about the employment service; on pension provision; about going to court; on the provision of possible medical assistance; useful information (about free canteens, overnight stays, social assistance services, dispensaries, helplines, passport services, etc.).

Thus, social work with convicted invalids in correctional facilities is a logically built system of social measures. At the same time, the practical preparedness of disabled people for release is of great importance. Its effectiveness is essential in addressing issues of social and labor rehabilitation and social adaptation of disabled people to life in freedom.

Social work in penitentiary institutions of modern Russia is actively developing as a special type of activity to provide social assistance and support, the implementation of social protection of convicts. For this purpose, departments of social and psychological work, groups of social protection and accounting for the work experience of convicts have been created in correctional institutions for the persons held in them, whose employees, solving the tasks defined by them by regulatory acts, are primarily guided in their activities by the Constitution of the Russian Federation.

The purpose of the legislation on the social protection of persons with disabilities is to provide them with equal opportunities with other citizens in the exercise of civil, economic, political and other rights and freedoms provided for by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, as well as in accordance with the generally recognized principles and norms of international law and international treaties of the Russian Federation. The measures of social protection of persons with disabilities provided for in regulatory acts are the obligations of the Russian Federation and its constituent entities. The legislation on these measures and forms of support for the disabled applies to all categories of citizens, including convicts serving a criminal sentence of imprisonment. At the same time, the special nature of the execution of deprivation of liberty (that is, the organization of a special penitentiary process, including the stage of release and post-penitentiary resocialization) and preparation for release is determined by the sign of disability of an individual serving a criminal sentence.

Activities to provide convicts with social assistance, support, protection for the purpose of their correction and resocialization during the period of execution of a criminal sentence, as well as adaptation in society after release, is a priority of social work in a correctional institution, especially with such a category as convicts with disabilities

In the Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners, adopted in 1955, it is noted that "the legislator should take measures to ensure that convicts, during and after serving their sentence, retain the maximum of rights in the field of social security, social benefits and other civil interests." Preservation of the maximum rights in the field of social security of convicted persons with disabilities, as recommended in fundamental international documents, is an expression of the principles of humanism and social justice in penitentiary law in terms of social security. (Social work in the penitentiary system: Textbook / S.A. Luzgin, M.I. Kuznetsov, V.N. Kazantsev and others; Under the general editorship of Yu.I. Kalinin. - 2nd ed., Rev. - Ryazan, 2006.)

Among the most important laws that are important for social work and the penitentiary system with convicted persons with disabilities, first of all, can be attributed the Penal Code of the Russian Federation (1996), which fixes as a task of the penitentiary legislation of the Russian Federation, along with others: “providing assistance to convicts in social adaptation”. This rule of law applies to the entire mass of convicts serving criminal sentences, including convicts with disabilities.

In correctional institutions one can meet convicted invalids: by sight, hearing, with amputated limbs, by general and occupational diseases. They have the opportunity to receive regular medical care in a correctional institution, they can be placed in a hospital in the medical unit of the colony, as well as in a special hospital or medical correctional institution. The content of this category of convicts in places of deprivation of liberty requires the creation of certain conditions, proper care for them, as well as material costs.

Currently, convicted persons with disabilities (if desired) are employed in the production facilities of the penitentiary institutions or enterprises of various forms of ownership cooperating with the penitentiary, based on their employment opportunities and necessarily desire, taking into account the requirements of the Penal Code of the Russian Federation and the Labor Code of the Russian Federation.

Working convicts with disabilities of groups I and II, as well as elderly convicts, the penal legislation provides for certain benefits:

1) increasing the duration of annual paid leave up to 18 working days;

2) involvement in work without pay only at their request;

3) an increase in the size of the guaranteed minimum to 50% of their accrued wages, pensions and other income.

Many positive examples from the activities of the penitentiary system can be cited when convicted persons with disabilities themselves actively participate in the conduct of leisure cultural and mass, physical culture and sports events, as well as in the activities of public amateur formations to assist the administration of the penitentiary in various areas of activity.

Thus, all of the above confirms the presence of legal norms in the Penal Code of the Russian Federation fixing the foundations of social work with convicted persons with disabilities in the penal system of the Ministry of Justice of Russia, which are reflected in: the Constitution of the Russian Federation; normative acts of the Ministry of Justice of Russia regulating issues of social work; normative acts of the Federal Penitentiary Service, its main departments and departments; local regulations adopted by the administration of correctional institutions of the penal system on issues of social work.

All social work with convicts with disabilities during their stay in correctional institutions is carried out by its employees (primarily social workers, medical workers, commanders of detachments and psychologists). In Russia, social work in the penitentiary sphere as an independent type of professional activity began to take shape in 2001. This is due to the transformation of the penitentiary policy towards humanization, i.e. observance of the rights of convicts, ensuring optimal conditions for serving their sentences, returning to society.

The main tasks of social work in a correctional institution are:

Organization and provision of social protection for all categories of convicts, especially those in need of it (pensioners, disabled people who have lost family ties, transferred from educational colonies, the elderly, suffering from alcohol or drug addiction, do not have a fixed place of residence, patients with incurable or incurable diseases);

Assistance in ensuring acceptable social and living conditions for serving a sentence;

Assistance in the social development of the convict, including increasing their social culture, developing social needs, changing normative-value orientations, increasing the level of social self-control;

Assistance to convicts in finding a socially acceptable environment for them, a point of social interest (work, family, religion, art, etc.).

Development and strengthening of socially useful ties between the convict and the outside world;

Assistance to the convict in obtaining the help of specialists.

The organization of social work with convicts with disabilities begins with the identification and registration of persons in this category. Studying them, it is necessary, first of all, to establish: the state of their health, the presence of work experience and the right to receive a pension after release, family ties, specialties, motivation and goals of life, the most characteristic mental states of behavioral anomalies.

Registration of disability pensions is carried out after the recognition of a convicted person as a disabled person, which is carried out in the manner prescribed by the Regulations on Recognizing a Person as a Disabled Person, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of August 13, 1996 No. 965, and in accordance with the Classifications and temporary criteria used in the implementation of medical social expertise, approved by the Decree of the Ministry of Labor and Social Development and the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation dated January 20, 1997 No. 1/30.

The medical and social examination of the convict is carried out upon his written application addressed to the head of the public service institution that regulates these issues. The application, referral and other medical documents confirming the violation of his health are sent by the administration of the institution where the convicted person is kept to the territorial institutions of the state service of medical and social expertise. In order to draw up an individual program for the rehabilitation of a disabled person, the examination of convicts in institutions of the state service of medical and social expertise is carried out in the presence of a representative of the administration of the correctional institution where convicts sent for examination are serving their sentences.

When a convicted person is recognized as a disabled person, a certificate of the MSEC of the established form is sent to the correctional institution and stored in the personal file of the convicted person. An extract from the certificate of examination in an institution of the state service of medical and social examination of a convict recognized as disabled is sent within three days from the date of establishment of disability to the body providing pensions at the location of the correctional institution for the appointment, recalculation and organization of the payment of a pension. And an extract from the examination report on the results of determining the degree of loss of professional ability to work, the need for additional types of assistance, is sent to the correctional institution and is kept in the personal file of the convict. In case of release from a correctional facility of a convict whose disability period has not expired, the MSEC certificate is issued to him in his hands.

The payment of pensions assigned to those sentenced to deprivation of liberty is made from the date of the verdict, but not earlier than July 1, 1997, and in all cases not earlier than the day from which the pension was assigned.

In order to organize the payment of pensions to convicts who received a pension before conviction, the administration of the correctional institution sends to the body providing pensions a list and a certificate for each convict about his stay in the correctional institution. The body providing pensions checks the information indicated in the list, if necessary, requests pension files and other documents required to open the payment.

Health education is an integral and integral part of the activities of the medical service, carried out in close cooperation with educational, cultural, mass and social work. Since an important aspect of the entire work of the correctional institution is that a person must return to society who will be able to independently adapt to the conditions after release. Sanitary and educational work is carried out using various forms and methods: lectures, conversations, consultations, loud reading of literature and radio broadcasting, issuance of health bulletins, wall newspapers, memos, the use of posters, slogans, slides, filmstrips, photo exhibitions, film demonstrations, etc.

The organization of social and hygienic measures includes constant monitoring of the health of convicted disabled people, medical care, and the prevention of psychopathological deviations by engaging convicted disabled people in socially useful activities.

From the point of view of health prevention for this category of convicts, drastic changes in lifestyle due to the transition to another type of work activity or release from work due to illness are unacceptable. Such drastic changes cause states of stress that the body cannot always cope with. Involvement, taking into account the state of health, in any types of socially useful activities: assignments for participation in socially useful works without pay, provision of paid work on a part-time basis. Involvement in the work of amateur organizations. Attachment to the implementation of one-time assignments. Appointment of responsible persons from among them for any specific area of work on a voluntary basis.

Employees should teach disabled people how to organize their leisure time, which they will need in freedom, especially those who will be sent to homes for the elderly and disabled. The organization of free time and leisure of convicted disabled persons should pursue two goals: the creation of the best conditions for the restoration of physical and mental energy and the maximum occupation of free time by activities that contribute to the development of their public interests. To do this, convicts with disabilities are involved in mass cultural work, participation in amateur performances, design of visual agitation, the work of the editorial board, propaganda of books, repair of the existing book fund, self-education. It is also advisable to involve the category in question in a feasible physical education and sports (competitions in chess, checkers, arm wrestling, etc.).

Special attention should be paid to the psychological and practical preparation of convicted persons with disabilities for release from the penitentiary.

It should be noted that in order to provide disabled people released from correctional facilities with appropriate clothing and footwear, measures are being taken to distribute and ensure the receipt of various types of assistance coming from various non-governmental organizations.

With regard to those who cannot be sent to nursing homes, in the absence of family and relatives, measures must be taken to provide them with a home or guardianship after their release from the penitentiary. Persons with disabilities who, after release, are not able to independently go to their place of residence, must be accompanied by employees of the medical service.

Of great importance in the organization of social work in general, in the correctional institution of the penal system of the Ministry of Justice of Russia for the preparation of convicts for release, is the legal consolidation of this activity. The preparation of convicts for release is legislatively enshrined in Chapter 22 of the Penitentiary Code, which is entitled “Assistance to convicts released from serving their sentences and control over them”, including convicted invalids.

Preparation for the release of persons serving sentences in correctional institutions begins no later than 6 months before the end of the term of imprisonment.

The preparation of convicts for release includes several stages:

1. Accounting for convicts who are released at the end of their sentence;

2. The main element in the preparation of convicted persons with disabilities for release from the penitentiary is documentation. This is the provision of convicts released from the penitentiary with all the necessary documents. The main document, without which it is impossible to resolve any issue related to the resocialization of the convict, is the passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation. Issues of obtaining passports are relevant for all categories of those who have lost for various reasons.

3. Restoration of socially useful connections of convicts (for this purpose, sending inquiries to the police department, correspondence with relatives, etc.). Of particular importance is the interaction of a social work specialist with the heads of detachments, as well as employees of other departments of the correctional institution;

4. Drawing up individual conversations with each person who is released, during which life plans for the future are clarified. In addition, the order of employment, the rights and obligations of citizens during the search for work are explained, questions of household arrangements, etc. are clarified;

5. Registration of social cards for each convict with the obligatory issuance of it upon release. Both specialists of the administration of the penitentiary institution and other services participate in the compilation of the social map. The cards are drawn up in order to ensure a complete record of persons released from the institution for submission to local governments, institutions for employment of the population, social protection of the population, health care and other institutions and organizations at the place of residence;

6. Payment for the travel of the convict to the place of destination upon release. If necessary, escort to the train and the purchase of travel documents are provided;

7. Development of methodological materials containing the information necessary for those who are exempt on social services, medical care, paperwork (passport, disability, registration at the place of residence), employment, social support. This methodological material allows a person released from an institution executing punishment to form certain knowledge about social reality.

9. It is also necessary to identify convicts who have the right to receive a pension, and take timely measures to ensure their pension provision after release. Pension legislation distinguishes two types of disability pensions: labor pensions; state pensions.

The main documents that a social work specialist needs to prepare for the appointment of pensions:

The statement of the convict;

Passport of the convict;

Certificates confirming the place of residence or actual residence of a citizen on the territory of the Russian Federation;

Insurance certificate of state pension insurance;

Documents on labor activity - work book; certificate of average monthly earnings for periods of activity for calculating the amount of pension provision;

Documents on the establishment of disability and the degree of limitation of the ability to work;

Information about disabled family members, death of the breadwinner; confirming kinship with the deceased breadwinner; that the deceased was a single mother; about the death of the other parent;

Other documents (their submission is possible if necessary). The social work specialist draws up the necessary documents and sends them to the bodies providing pensions, exercises control over the timely transfer of pensions and takes measures to eliminate deficiencies. If the convicted person does not have a work book and other documents necessary for the appointment and recalculation of a pension, requests are sent to search for these documents. If it is not possible to confirm the work experience or there is no work experience, a state social pension is assigned upon reaching the age of 65 for men and 55 for women, or a state social disability pension.

An important formal element aimed at the successful resocialization and social adaptation of a convicted disabled person who is released from a penitentiary is the preparation and issuance of a "Memo to the Released". Its structure may include: advice from a psychologist; rights and obligations of released citizens; information about the release procedure; information about the employment service; on pension provision; about going to court; on the provision of possible medical assistance; useful information (about free canteens, overnight stays, social assistance services, dispensaries, helplines, passport services, etc.)

Questions for self-control

1. What are the main problems of convicted disabled people in correctional institutions?

2. Expand the legal norms of social work with convicted disabled people in the legislation of the Russian Federation.

3. Describe the main directions and forms of social work with convicts with disabilities in correctional facilities.

Kuznetsov M. I., Ananiev O. G. Social work with convicts in correctional institutions: textbook. manual for beginners in social work UIS-Ryazan, 2006.

Luzgin S.A. Centers for psychological, pedagogical and social work with convicts as a domestic model for organizing their correction and resocialization in correctional colonies: Textbook. - Ryazan, 2004.

On the social protection of disabled people in the Russian Federation: Federal Law of November 24, 1995 No. 181-FZ.

On social services for elderly and disabled citizens: Federal Law of August 2, 1995 No. 122-FZ.

On the basics of social services for the population in the Russian Federation: Federal Law of December 10, 1995 No. 195-FZ.

Social work in penitentiary institutions: Textbook / ed. AND I. Grishko, M.I. Kuznetsova, V.N. Kazantsev. - M., 2008.

Social work in the penitentiary system: Textbook / S.A. Luzgin, M.I. Kuznetsov, V.N. Kazantsev and others; Under total ed Yu.I. Kalinin. - 2nd ed., corrected. - Ryazan, 2006.

Social work with convicts: Textbook / ed. IN AND. Zhukova, M.A. Galaguzova. - M., 2002.

Criminal Executive Code of the Russian Federation (1997).

Criminal Code of the Russian Federation (1996).

Social work in a correctional institution is a complex activity for the provision of material, moral, psychological, legal or other social assistance and support, the implementation of social protection of convicts, creating prerequisites for their correction during the period of serving their sentence and resocialization after release.

One of the most socially unprotected categories in a correctional institution are the disabled. They have a complex set of intractable social problems, needs that pose a threat to their equal existence in penal institutions, which they cannot resolve on their own. These convicts need various types of constant assistance (material, moral-psychological, medical, legal, penitentiary-pedagogical and other), support, protection. Social work with them is a priority and obligatory for a specialist, it acquires the character of support, comprehensive service involving doctors, psychologists, educators, representatives of social protection authorities. At the same time, it should be taken into account that the main of all social problems of the personal level - disability, for objective reasons, cannot be completely resolved, therefore, rehabilitation and educational activities should be supplemented with psychological help to change attitudes towards them and search for opportunities for self-compensation and self-realization in the current circumstances.

According to statistics, about 22,000 disabled people are serving sentences in the institutions of the penitentiary system of the Russian Federation, half of whom have disabilities of groups 1 and 2, among them the level of recidivism is quite high, amounting to more than 20%.

A large number of convicts with disabilities have chronic diseases or are often ill, half of them experience difficulties in household services, and 8.2% cannot do without outside help. An impressive part of the considered category of convicts are not only socially maladjusted, but also deprived of social ties.

The reasons why disabled people end up in places of deprivation of liberty are not different from the general mass of convicts. Among them, first of all, the commission of grave and especially grave criminal offenses. The following offenses prevail: infliction of grievous harm resulting in death, premeditated murder, robbery, robbery, crimes related to the illegal distribution of drugs, etc.

Disabled convicts serve their sentences in correctional institutions of various types and regimes. In most cases, these are persons who, before being convicted and entering places of deprivation of liberty, received an assessment of their working capacity and state of health from the state expert medical commissions at the place of residence. But there is also such a category of convicts who became disabled in the process of suppressing their criminal offenses and during the execution of criminal punishment. Examination of the latter is carried out in the process of serving a sentence by territorial expert medical commissions at the place of deployment of correctional institutions.

The execution of punishment in relation to these convicts has its own characteristics, due to the need to take into account the state of their health and physical capabilities. Correctional labor legislation provides for special conditions and benefits for them.

In all types of correctional institutions, with the exception of a correctional colony of a special regime for keeping convicts sentenced to life imprisonment and prisons, where all convicts are kept in cells, convicted invalids are kept in ordinary residential premises, where they are placed in detachments or brigades. Convicted invalids of groups I and II are provided with improved living conditions. As a rule, these can be separate premises where convicted persons with disabilities are accommodated.

The main problem in relation to the conduct of social work by convicted disabled persons in penitentiary institutions in one way or another is the manifestation of their social limitations:

1. Physical restriction, or isolation of a disabled person. This is due to either physical, or sensory, or intellectual and mental deficiencies that prevent him from moving independently or orienting himself in space.

2. Labor segregation, or isolation. Because of their pathology, an individual with a disability has very little or no access to jobs.

3. Low income. These people are forced to exist either on a low salary or on benefits that cannot be sufficient to ensure a decent standard of living for an individual.

4. Spatial-environmental barrier. The very organization of the living environment is not yet friendly to the disabled.

5. Information barrier. Disabled people find it difficult to obtain information both of a general plan and of value directly to them.

6. Emotional barrier. Unproductive emotional reactions of others about the disabled person. (footnote: Kuznetsov M.I., Ananyev O.G. Social work with convicts in a correctional institution: a textbook for beginners in social work of the penitentiary system - Ryazan: Academy of Law and Management of the Federal Penitentiary Service, 2006. - P. 61- 62.)

The social environment of the life of convicts with disabilities in correctional facilities has a number of factors that negatively affect the ongoing social work with them: a monotonous lifestyle; limited ties with the outside world; poverty of impressions; crowding, lack of living space; poor choice of activities; some dependence on others; long time of communication with the same persons; lack of intimate comfort; regulation of the activities of the correctional institution.

One of the most difficult social and legal problems is the social adaptation of disabled convicts released from correctional facilities after serving a criminal sentence in the form of deprivation of liberty. The solution of this problem is directly related to the issues of combating recidivism. The proportion of convicts with disabilities serving sentences in places of deprivation of liberty tends to increase. Of all the categories of those released, the disabled are the most problematic in this aspect. Significantly limits the rights of convicts, imprisonment, being the most serious type of criminal punishment, leads to their desocialization, the loss of socially useful skills and properties. Therefore, disabled people turn out to be the most vulnerable category not only in places of deprivation of liberty, but also after their release.

Thus, in terms of the severity of social problems and the ability to independently resolve them in a non-criminal way, convicted persons with disabilities in correctional institutions constitute a high-risk group. These people need constant social assistance (material, moral, psychological, medical, legal, pedagogical, etc.), support and protection. Social work with them is a priority and mandatory for a social work specialist, it acquires the character of support, comprehensive service with the involvement of other specialists. At the same time, it should be borne in mind that disability, for objective reasons, cannot be resolved definitively. Therefore, all activities of a specialist in social work with convicted disabled people in correctional institutions should be supplemented with psychological assistance to change attitudes towards them and search for opportunities for self-compensation and self-realization in the current circumstances.

3.1. Social diagnostics: purpose, stages and methods of implementation

The program of social diagnostics of the disabled

3.2 Technology of social counseling for people with disabilities

3.3. Social rehabilitation of the disabled

3.4. Technology of social adaptation of disabled people

3.5. Technology of social therapy in social work with disabled people

Questions for self-control

Recommended reading

Chapter 4. Promotion of employment and employment of persons with disabilities

The position of persons with disabilities in the labor market

Social support for unemployed disabled people

Questions for self-control

Recommended reading

Chapter 5. Social security of the disabled

5.1 Pensions for the disabled

5.2. Monthly cash payment as a form of social security for the disabled

Questions for self-control

Recommended reading

Chapter 6. Social Services for the Disabled

6.1. Social services for disabled people in stationary institutions

6.2 Semi-residential and urgent social services for the disabled

Questions for self-control

Recommended reading

Chapter 7. Comprehensive Support for Families of the Disabled

7.1. Characteristics of families with disabled people in their structure

7.2. The main directions of comprehensive support for the family of a disabled person

Questions for self-control

Recommended reading

Chapter 8. Social work with young people with disabilities

8.1. The social status of young people with disabilities in modern Russia

8.2. Social work with young people with disabilities in vocational education institutions

8.3. Organization of leisure for young people with disabilities

Questions for self-control

Recommended literature:

Chapter 9. Social assistance and support for children with disabilities

9.1. A disabled child as an object of social assistance and support

9.2. The system of social assistance and support for children with disabilities

9.3. Socio-pedagogical assistance and support for gifted children with disabilities

Questions for self-control

Recommended reading

Chapter 10. Gender aspects of social work with disabled people

10.1 Gender specificity of disability

10.2 State and public support for men and women with disabilities

Questions for self-control

Recommended reading

Chapter 11

11.1. Description of the main problems of convicted persons with disabilities in a correctional institution

11.2. Legal norms of social work with convicts with disabilities in the penal legislation of the Russian Federation

11.3. The content and methodology of social work with disabled people in correctional institutions

Questions for self-control

Recommended reading

Chapter 12

12.1 The concept and types of public associations of the disabled

12.2 The content of the activities of public associations of the disabled

Questions for self-control

Recommended reading

Chapter 13

13.1. Value-normative foundations of social work with disabled people

13.2. Professional etiquette of a social worker in interaction with people with special needs

Questions for self-control

Recommended reading

Annexes on the list of priority professions for workers and employees, the mastery of which gives disabled people the greatest opportunity to be competitive in regional labor markets

Order

Participation of elderly and disabled citizens,

Living in stationary institutions

Social services, in medical and labor activities

Chapter I. General Provisions

Chapter II. Medical and social expertise

Chapter III. Rehabilitation of the disabled

Chapter IV. Ensuring the life of the disabled

Chapter V. Public Associations of the Disabled

Chapter VI. Final provisions

Regulations on the Council under the President of the Russian Federation for the Disabled

Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Adopted by General Assembly resolution 61/106 on 13 December 2006

I. General provisions

II. Goals, tasks and principles of activity of the military

III. Members of the All-Russian Society of the Disabled

World Program of Action for Persons with Disabilities

1(IV). World Program of Action

I. Goals, background and concepts

On social services for elderly and disabled citizens Federal Law of August 2, 1995 No. 122-FZ

Chapter I. General Provisions

Chapter II. The rights of elderly and disabled citizens in the field of social services

Chapter III. Social services for the elderly and disabled

Chapter IV. Organization of social services for the elderly and disabled

Chapter V. Professional activity in the field of social services for the elderly and disabled

Chapter VII. Procedure for Enactment of this Federal Law

I. General provisions

II. The procedure for developing an individual program

III. The procedure for implementing an individual program

I. General provisions

II. Conditions for recognizing a citizen as disabled