How to figure out what kind of rash a child has? Below you will find a photo with explanations of the main skin diseases in children.
Have you ever been taken by surprise by baby rashes under diapers? Or red dots on the baby's palms? Now you will not have any questions about what kind of rash your child has.
Baby acne
Small white pimples usually appear on the cheeks, and sometimes on the forehead, chin and even the back of a newborn. May be surrounded by reddish skin. Acne may appear from the first days up to 4 weeks of age.
Chickenpox
Chickenpox starts as small, red, itchy bumps. They quickly develop into small, filled pink blisters that turn into dry brown crusts over time. The rash most often begins on the scalp, face, and chest, and then spreads throughout the body. As the disease progresses, the rash reappears with renewed vigor, usually reaching 250 to 500 blisters, although there are many fewer, especially if the child has been vaccinated. The child may also have a slight fever. Chickenpox is rare in children under one year of age.
cold on the lips
A child's rash looks like small, fluid-filled blisters on or near the lip. The wound can become larger, break through and dry out. The blisters may appear singly or in clusters. Cold sores are rare in children under 2 years of age.
The photo shows a rash on the lips of an adult, but in children the symptoms are identical.
Seborrheic dermatitis
This rash in children is characterized by a flaky, dry scalp with yellowish crusts. It can also occur around the ears, eyebrows, armpits, and in the creases of the neck. Sometimes causes hair loss. This disease is common among newborns and resolves within the first year of a child's life.
Intertrigo
The rash in children is characterized by reddish, swollen skin around the diaper area. The rash may be flat or bumpy. When changing a diaper, it causes discomfort. Most common among children under one year old.
Fungal diaper dermatitis
Red bumps in the diaper area, it is possible that with the presence of abscesses. Most of all, the rash in children is manifested in the folds of the skin, as well as with small single rashes outside the focus of the main rash. Doesn't go away in a few days and can't be treated with regular baby diaper rash cream. Most often occurs in children taking antibiotics.
Eczema
The rash in children, characterized by itching, usually occurs in the elbows and knees, as well as on the cheeks, chin, scalp, chest, and back. It begins with the appearance of a scaly thickening of the skin of a reddish hue or with the appearance of red rashes that can be both wet and dry. Eczema is most common in children predisposed to allergies or asthma. It usually appears at the age of one and disappears up to 2 years, but there are cases when eczema haunts a person in adulthood.
Toxic erythema
The rash is characterized by small yellow or white rashes on the reddened area of the skin. It can appear anywhere on the child's body. The rash disappears on its own within two weeks, and is common in newborns, usually on the 2nd to 5th day of their life.
Erythema infectiosum (Fifth disease)
In the initial stage, there is fever, aches and cold symptoms, and in the following days there are bright pink spots on the cheeks and a red, itchy rash on the chest and feet.
Most often, such a rash occurs in preschoolers and first graders.
Folliculitis
Pimples or crusted pustules appear around the hair follicles. They are usually located on the neck, in the armpit or inguinal region. Rarely seen in children under 2 years of age.
Rashes on the hands, feet and around the mouth
They are characterized by fever, lack of appetite, sore throat, and painful blistering sores in the mouth. The rash may appear on the feet, hands, and sometimes the buttocks. Initially, the rash appears as small, flat, red dots that may develop into bumps or blisters. It occurs at any age, but is most common among preschoolers.
Hives
Raised, red patches of skin characterized by itching may come and go on their own. Usually they appear from several hours to several days, but there are cases when they drag on to weeks or months. May appear at any age.
Impetigo
Small red bumps that may itch. They often appear near the nose and mouth, but can spread to other parts of the body. Over time, the bumps become pustules, which can boil and become covered with a soft yellow-brown crust. As a result, the child may have a fever and swollen lymph nodes in the neck. Most often, impetigo occurs in children from 2 to 6 years old.
Jaundice
The rash in children is characterized by a yellow tint to the skin. In dark-skinned children, jaundice can be identified in the whites of the eyes, on the palms or feet. It is most common in children in the first and second week of life, as well as in premature babies.
Measles
This disease begins with fever, runny nose, red watery eyes and cough. A few days later, small red dots with a white base appear on the inside of the cheeks, and then the rash appears on the face, passes to the chest and back, arms and legs with feet. At the initial stage, the rash has a flat red character, gradually becoming lumpy and itchy. This continues for about 5 days, and then the rash takes on a brown tint, the skin dries up and begins to peel off. Most common among unvaccinated children.
Mile
A mile is small white or yellow bumps-balls on the nose, chin and cheeks. Often occurs in newborns. Symptoms go away on their own within a few weeks.
molluscum contagiosum
Rashes have a hemispherical shape. The color matches the normal color of the skin or slightly pinker, having a pinkish-orange hue with a pearly top. In the middle of the hemisphere there is an impression, somewhat reminiscent of a human navel.
Unusual for children under one year old.
papular urticaria
These are small, raised skin rashes that thicken over time and become a reddish-brown hue. They occur at the site of old insect bites and are usually accompanied by severe itching. May appear at any age.
Poison ivy or sumac
Initially, small areas or links of swollen and itchy red spots appear on the skin. The manifestation occurs after 12-48 hours from the moment of contact with a poisonous plant, but there are cases of a rash appearing within a week after contact. Over time, the rash turns into a blister and crusts over. Sumac is uncharacteristic for children under one year old.
Rubella
As a rule, the first symptom is a sharp rise in temperature (39.4), which does not subside for the first 3–5 days. Then a pink rash appears on the torso and neck, later spreading to the arms, legs and face. The child may be nervous, vomit, or show symptoms of diarrhea. Most often occurs between the ages of 6 months and 3 years.
Ringworm
A rash in the form of one or more red rings, ranging in size from a penny in denominations from 10 to 25 kopecks. The rings are usually dry and scaly at the edges and smooth in the center and may grow over time. It can also appear as dandruff or small bald patches on the scalp. Most common in children 2 years of age and older.
Rubella measles
A bright pink rash that first appears on the face and then spreads to the whole body and lasts 2-3 days. The child may have a fever, swollen lymph nodes behind the ears, a stuffy or runny nose, headache, and sore throat. Vaccination reduces the risk of contracting rubella.
Scabies
Red rashes that are accompanied by severe itching usually occur between the fingers, around the wrist, under the armpits and under the diaper, around the elbows. May also appear on the kneecap, palms, soles, scalp or face. The rash can cause white or red mesh marks, as well as the appearance of small blisters on areas of the skin around the rash. Itching is most intense after taking a hot bath or at night, preventing the child from sleeping. May occur at any age.
Scarlet fever
The rash begins as hundreds of tiny red dots on the armpits, neck, chest, and groin and quickly spreads throughout the body. The rash feels like sandpaper to the touch and can be itchy. Also, it may be accompanied by fever and redness of the throat. During the initial stage of the infection, the tongue may have a white or yellowish coating that later turns red. Roughness on the tongue increases and gives the impression of a rash. This condition is commonly referred to as strawberry tongue. The child's tonsils may swell and become red. As the rash disappears, peeling of the skin occurs, especially in the groin area and on the hands. Scarlet fever is rare in children under 2 years of age.
Warts
Small bumps, like grains, appear singly or in groups, usually on the arms, but can go all over the body. Warts usually have a shade close to skin tone, but may be slightly lighter or darker, with a black dot in the middle. Small flat warts can appear all over the body, but in children they most often appear on the face.
There are also plantar warts.
Such defects disappear on their own, but this process can take from several months to several years. Warts are not characteristic of children under 2 years of age.
Children's infections are not accidentally singled out in a special group - firstly, these infectious diseases are usually ill, as a rule, children of early and preschool age, secondly, they are all extremely contagious, so almost everyone who has contact with a sick child becomes ill, and thirdly, almost always, after a childhood infection, a stable lifelong immunity is formed.
There is an opinion that all children need to have these diseases in order not to get sick at an older age. Is it so? The group of childhood infections includes diseases such as measles, rubella, chicken pox, mumps (mumps), scarlet fever. As a rule, children of the first year of life do not get sick with childhood infections. This happens for the reason that during pregnancy, the mother (in the event that she has suffered these infections during her life) passes antibodies to pathogens through the placenta. These antibodies carry information about the microorganism that caused the infectious process in the mother.
After birth, the child begins to receive maternal colostrum, which also contains immunoglobulins (antibodies) to all infections that the mother “met” before pregnancy. Thus, the child receives a kind of vaccination against many infectious diseases. And in the event that breastfeeding continues throughout the first year of a child's life, immunity to childhood infections persists for a longer time. However, there are exceptions to this rule. Unfortunately, there are cases (very rare) when a breast-fed child is susceptible to microorganisms that cause chicken pox, rubella, mumps or measles, even when his mother is immune to them. When the period of breastfeeding ends, the child enters the period of early childhood. Following this, his circle of contacts expands. It is quite natural that at the same time the risk of any infectious diseases, including childhood infections, increases sharply.
Symptoms and treatment of measles in children
Measles is a viral infection with a very high susceptibility. If a person has not had measles or has not been vaccinated against this infection, then after contact with the patient, infection occurs in almost 100% of cases. The measles virus is highly volatile. The virus can spread through ventilation pipes and elevator shafts - at the same time, children living on different floors of the house get sick. After contact with a patient with measles and the appearance of the first signs of the disease, it takes from 7 to 14 days.
The disease begins with a severe headache, weakness, fever up to 40 degrees C. A little later, a runny nose, cough and almost complete lack of appetite join these symptoms. The appearance of conjunctivitis is very characteristic of measles - inflammation of the mucous membrane of the eyes, which is manifested by photophobia, lacrimation, sharp redness of the eyes, and subsequently - the appearance of a purulent discharge. These symptoms last 2 to 4 days.
On the 4th day of the disease, a rash appears, which looks like small red spots of various sizes (from 1 to 3 mm in diameter), with a tendency to merge. The rash occurs on the face and head (it is especially characteristic of its appearance behind the ears) and spreads throughout the body for 3 to 4 days. It is very characteristic of measles that the rash leaves behind pigmentation (dark spots that persist for several days), which disappears in the same sequence as the rash appears. Measles, despite the rather bright clinic, is quite easily tolerated by children, but under adverse conditions it is fraught with serious complications. These include inflammation of the lungs (pneumonia), inflammation of the middle ear (otitis media). Such a formidable complication as encephalitis (inflammation of the brain), fortunately, occurs quite rarely. Measles treatment is aimed at relieving the main symptoms of measles and maintaining immunity. It must be remembered that after measles has been transferred for a sufficiently long period of time (up to 2 months), immunosuppression is noted, so the child can get sick with some cold or viral disease, so you need to protect him from excessive stress, if possible - from contact with sick children. After measles, persistent lifelong immunity develops. All those who have had measles become immune to this infection.
Signs of rubella in a child
Rubella is also a viral infection that spreads through the air. Rubella is less contagious than measles and chicken pox. As a rule, children who stay in the same room for a long time with a child who is a source of infection get sick. Rubella is very similar to measles in its manifestations, but it is much easier. The incubation period (the period from contact to the appearance of the first signs of illness) lasts from 14 to 21 days. Rubella begins with an increase in the occipital lymph nodes and () an increase in body temperature to 38 degrees C. A little later, a runny nose joins, and sometimes a cough. A rash appears 2 to 3 days after the onset of the disease.
Rubella is characterized by a pink, punctate rash that begins with a rash on the face and spreads throughout the body. Rubella rash, unlike measles, never merges, there may be a slight itch. The period of rashes can be from several hours, during which there is no trace of the rash, up to 2 days. In this regard, diagnosis can be difficult - if the period of rashes fell at night and went unnoticed by parents, rubella can be regarded as a common viral infection. Rubella treatment is to relieve the main symptoms - the fight against fever, if any, the treatment of the common cold, expectorants. Complications after measles are rare. After suffering rubella, immunity also develops, re-infection is extremely rare.
What is mumps in children
Mumps (mumps) is a childhood viral infection characterized by acute inflammation in the salivary glands. Infection occurs by airborne droplets. Susceptibility to this disease is about 50-60% (that is, 50-60% of those who were in contact and who were not ill and not vaccinated get sick). Mumps begins with an increase in body temperature up to 39 degrees C and severe pain in or under the ear, aggravated by swallowing or chewing. At the same time, salivation increases. Swelling quickly grows in the area of the upper part of the neck and cheeks, touching this place causes severe pain in the child.
By itself, this disease is not dangerous. Unpleasant symptoms disappear within three to four days: body temperature decreases, swelling decreases, pain disappears. However, quite often mumps ends with inflammation in the glandular organs, such as the pancreas (pancreatitis), gonads. Past pancreatitis in some cases leads to diabetes mellitus. Inflammation of the gonads (testicles) is more common in boys. This significantly complicates the course of the disease, and in some cases may result in infertility.
In especially severe cases, mumps can be complicated by viral meningitis (inflammation of the meninges), which is severe, but not fatal. After the illness, a strong immunity is formed. Re-infection is virtually impossible.
Treatment and symptoms of chickenpox in children
Chickenpox (chickenpox) is a common childhood infection. Mostly young children or preschoolers are ill. Susceptibility to the causative agent of chickenpox (the virus that causes chickenpox refers to herpes viruses) is also quite high, although not as high as to the measles virus. About 80% of contact persons who have not been ill before develop chickenpox.
This virus also has a high degree of volatility; a child can become infected if he was not in close proximity to the patient. The incubation period is from 14 to 21 days. The disease begins with the appearance of a rash. Usually it is one or two reddish spots, similar to a mosquito bite. These elements of the rash can be located on any part of the body, but most often they first appear on the stomach or face. Usually the rash spreads very quickly - new elements appear every few minutes or hours. Reddish spots, which at first look like mosquito bites, the next day take the form of bubbles filled with transparent contents. These blisters are very itchy. The rash spreads throughout the body, to the limbs, to the scalp. In severe cases, there are elements of the rash on the mucous membranes - in the mouth, nose, on the conjunctiva of the sclera, genitals, intestines. By the end of the first day of the disease, the general state of health worsens, the body temperature rises (up to 40 degrees C and above). The severity of the condition depends on the number of rashes: with scanty rashes, the disease proceeds easily, the more rashes, the more difficult the child's condition.
For chicken pox, a runny nose and cough are not typical, but if there are elements of the rash on the mucous membranes of the pharynx, nose and on the conjunctiva of the sclera, then pharyngitis, rhinitis and conjunctivitis develop due to the addition of a bacterial infection. Bubbles open in a day or two with the formation of sores, which are covered with crusts. Headache, feeling unwell, fever persist until new rashes appear. This usually happens from 3 to 5 days (depending on the severity of the course of the disease). Within 5-7 days after the last sprinkling, the rash passes. Treatment of chickenpox consists in reducing itching, intoxication and preventing bacterial complications. The elements of the rash must be lubricated with antiseptic solutions (usually an aqueous solution of brilliant green or manganese). Treatment with coloring antiseptics prevents bacterial infection of rashes, allows you to track the dynamics of the appearance of rashes.
It is necessary to monitor the hygiene of the mouth and nose, eyes - you can rinse your mouth with a solution of calendula, the mucous membranes of the nose and mouth also need to be treated with antiseptic solutions.
In order to avoid secondary inflammation, you need to rinse your mouth after each meal. A child with chickenpox should be fed warm semi-liquid food, drink plenty of water (however, this applies to all childhood infections). It is important to ensure that the baby's fingernails are cut short (so that he cannot comb the skin - scratching predisposes to bacterial infection). To prevent infection of rashes, bed linen and clothes of a sick child should be changed daily. The room in which the child is located must be regularly ventilated, making sure that the room is not too hot. These are general rules. Complications of chickenpox include myocarditis - inflammation of the heart muscle, meningitis and meningoencephalitis (inflammation of the meninges, brain substances, inflammation of the kidneys (nephritis). Fortunately, these complications are quite rare. After chickenpox, as well as after all children's infections , immunity develops.Re-infection happens, but very rarely.
What is scarlet fever in children and how to treat it
Scarlet fever is the only childhood infection caused not by viruses, but by bacteria (group A streptococcus). This is an acute disease transmitted by airborne droplets. Infection through household items (toys, dishes) is also possible. Children of early and preschool age are ill. The most dangerous in terms of infection are patients in the first two to three days of the disease.
Scarlet fever begins very acutely with an increase in body temperature up to 39 degrees C, vomiting. Immediately noted severe intoxication, headache. The most characteristic symptom of scarlet fever is tonsillitis, in which the mucous membrane of the pharynx has a bright red color, swelling is pronounced. The patient notes a sharp pain when swallowing. There may be a whitish coating on the tongue and tonsils. The tongue subsequently acquires a very characteristic appearance ("crimson") - bright pink and coarsely grained.
By the end of the first-beginning of the second day of illness, the second characteristic symptom of scarlet fever appears - a rash. It appears on several parts of the body at once, being most densely localized in the folds (elbow, inguinal). Its distinguishing feature is that the bright red punctate scarlatinal rash is located on a red background, which gives the impression of a general confluent redness. When pressed on the skin, a white stripe remains. The rash can be spread all over the body, but there is always a clear (white) area of skin between the upper lip and nose, as well as the chin. Itching is much less pronounced than with chickenpox. The rash lasts up to 2 to 5 days. The manifestations of sore throat persist a little longer (up to 7-9 days).
Scarlet fever is usually treated with antibiotics, because the causative agent of scarlet fever is a microbe that can be removed with antibiotics. Also very important is the local treatment of angina and detoxification (removal of toxins from the body that are formed during the vital activity of microorganisms - for this they give plenty of drink). Vitamins, antipyretics are shown. Scarlet fever also has quite serious complications. Before the use of antibiotics, scarlet fever often ended in the development of rheumatism (an infectious-allergic disease, the basis of which is damage to the connective tissue system). with the formation of acquired heart defects. At present, subject to well-prescribed treatment and careful adherence to recommendations, such complications practically do not occur. Scarlet fever affects almost exclusively children because with age a person acquires resistance to streptococci. Those who have been ill also acquire strong immunity.
Infectious erythema in a child
This infectious disease, which is also caused by viruses, is transmitted by airborne droplets. Children from 2 to 12 years old get sick during epidemics in a nursery or at school. The incubation period is different (4-14 days). The disease progresses easily. There is a slight general malaise, discharge from the nose, sometimes a headache, and a slight increase in temperature is possible. The rash begins on the cheekbones in the form of small red, slightly embossed dots, which merge as they increase, forming red shiny and symmetrical spots on the cheeks. Then, within two days, the rash covers the whole body, forming slightly swollen red spots, pale in the center. Combining, they form a rash in the form of garlands or a geographical map. The rash disappears in about a week, during the following weeks transient rashes may appear, especially with excitement, physical exertion, exposure to the sun, bathing, changes in ambient temperature.
This disease is not dangerous in all cases. The diagnosis is based on the clinical picture. The differential diagnosis is often made with rubella and measles. Treatment is symptomatic. The prognosis is favorable.
Prevention of infectious diseases in children
Of course, it is better to get sick with childhood infections at an early age, because adolescents and older people get sick much more severely with much more frequent complications. However, complications are also observed in young children. And all these complications are quite severe. Before the introduction of vaccination, mortality (mortality) in these infections was about 5-10%. A common feature of all childhood infections is that after the disease develops strong immunity. Their prevention is based on this property - vaccines have been developed that allow the formation of immunological memory, which causes immunity to the causative agents of these infections. Vaccination is carried out at the age of 12 months once. Vaccines have been developed for measles, rubella and mumps. In the Russian version, all these vaccines are administered separately (measles-rubella and mumps). As an alternative, vaccination with an imported vaccine containing all three components is possible. This vaccination is well tolerated, complications and undesirable consequences are extremely rare. Comparative characteristics of childhood infections
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Human skin can be called an indicator of health. This is especially true for a small child, whose skin is very sensitive to any changes - both in external conditions and in the general state of internal organs and body systems.
Skin rashes can be of a different nature. Some of them are not dangerous, others are a signal for the development of an allergic, infectious or autoimmune process. It is impossible to ignore a rash in a child or treat it yourself without finding out the root cause.
Skin rashes are very common in young children.
Types of rash in babies
In dermatology, there are three large groups into which all possible skin rashes in infants are distributed:
- Physiological. This type of rash occurs in newborns. Rashes appear on the body as a result of hormonal changes occurring in the body.
- Immunological. It is the result of exposure to the epidermis of various irritating factors, such as allergens, temperature or friction. Such rashes include hives, prickly heat, an allergic reaction, or atopic dermatitis. Violation of elementary hygiene rules can also lead to unwanted manifestations.
- Infectious. A rash is a symptom that accompanies a certain infectious (viral) disease, for example, chicken pox or scarlet fever (for more details, see the article:).
Causes of rashes
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There are many reasons why a rash can occur on the head, face, arms, legs, sternum, back, or back of the head. The most likely are:
- Diseases that are viral in nature. These include measles, rubella, chickenpox, mononucleosis.
- Diseases of bacterial etiology. For example, scarlet fever.
- Allergy. Food products, hygiene products, clothing, household chemicals, perfumes and cosmetics, insect bites can cause an allergic reaction.
- Mechanical damage to the epidermis. With insufficient quality treatment of the wound, irritation of the skin around it may begin, manifesting itself in the form of pimples, white dots, colorless vesicles, goosebumps, red or pink spots.
- Problems with blood clotting. In this situation, the rash is a small hemorrhage characteristic of meningococcal meningitis.
So, the rash in babies is of different types and has a different etiology. It is not worth it to self-diagnose and determine the type of rashes using photos from the Internet, even with good explanations. This should be done by a specialist.
Diseases accompanied by rashes
Any kind of rash on the body refers to the symptoms of the disease. They can be very different in appearance. The rash is papular, small-dotted or, conversely, in the form of large dots or pimples. It comes in a variety of colors, ranging from clear or white to bright red. The characteristics describing the rashes directly depend on their etiology or the ailment that they accompany.
Dermatological diseases
Among the diseases of dermatological etiology, the symptoms of which are a variety of rashes, one can note:
- dermatoses (for example,);
- psoriasis;
- eczema;
- candidiasis and other diseases of the epidermis.
Almost always, skin diseases are caused by problems with internal organs and systems in combination with the influence of external factors. For example, neurodermatitis can be triggered by malfunctions of the nervous and endocrine systems against the background of a decrease in immunity. In such a situation, complex therapy is required using medications, and not just ointments or creams.
Psoriasis on the hands of a child As for psoriasis, at the initial stage it looks like an allergic reaction, but over time, the plaques acquire a characteristic appearance. Another name for the disease is scaly lichen. Psoriasis and eczema are very rare in children of one month of age. Genetic predisposition to these diseases only after 2 years.
Allergic reaction
One of the main symptoms of an allergy is a rash. An adverse reaction is the result of taking medications or eating certain foods. Possessing a different shape and size, rashes can spread throughout the body, including the face, chest, limbs.
The main characteristic difference between the rash with allergies is the increase in its severity when exposed to the allergen and the disappearance after the exclusion of the irritant. Another feature is the presence of severe itching.
The most common manifestations of an allergic rash are:
- . Occurs due to food, drugs and temperature factors. Sometimes it is impossible to determine the true cause of hives.
- . It is a papular red rash that merges and crusts as it develops. Most often occurs on the face, cheeks and in places where the arms and legs are bent. Accompanied by itching.
Atopic dermatitis or eczema Infectious diseases
Quite often, a rash is a sign of an infectious disease. The most famous of them:
- . The child develops characteristic watery vesicles, which, drying up, form a crust. They are characterized by itching. The temperature may also rise, but sometimes the disease goes away without it.
- . The main symptoms are enlarged lymph nodes in the neck and a rash in the form of small red spots or dots that first appear on the face, and then move to the neck, shoulders and further spread throughout the body.
- . It manifests itself in the form of round spots and nodules behind the auricles, spreading throughout the body. The disease is also accompanied by peeling, pigmentation disorders, fever, conjunctivitis, cough and photophobia.
- . Initially, the rashes are localized on the cheeks, then they move to the limbs, chest and torso. Gradually, the rash becomes more pale. Scarlet fever is also characterized by a bright red color of the palate and tongue.
- . It starts with a rise in temperature. The fever lasts for about three days, after which a red spotted rash appears on the body.
- . It is characterized by a red rash that is very itchy.
Symptoms of chickenpox are difficult to confuse with symptoms of another infection. 
Rashes with rubella 
Signs of measles 
Rash with roseola Rashes in a newborn
The sensitive skin of newborns is most susceptible to negative external influences. Among the most frequent cases of rashes on the body of the baby are noted:
- . It usually appears in a child due to heat as a result of overheating and difficulty in sweating. Most often, this type of rash forms on the head, in particular under the hair, on the face, in the folds of the skin, where diaper rash is present. Rashes are blisters and spots that do not cause discomfort to the child (see also:).
- . Inflamed papules and pustules affect the face, the skin on the head under the hair, and the neck. They are a consequence of the activation of the sebaceous glands through the hormones of the mother. Such acne usually does not need to be treated, but good care and skin hydration should be provided. They pass without a trace, leaving no scars or pale spots.
- . It appears as papules and pustules, having a white-yellow color, 1 to 2 mm in diameter, surrounded by a red rim. They appear on the second day of life, then gradually disappear on their own.
Sweating on the face of the baby How to localize the rash to determine the disease?
One of the important characteristics of rashes on the body is their localization. It is by what part of the body that the spots, dots or pimples are located, it is possible to determine the nature of the problem and the disease that became the root cause of their appearance.
Naturally, this is not the only parameter that is necessary to establish an accurate diagnosis, but it is quite possible to reduce the number of ailment options. However, a dermatologist should analyze the factors that caused the appearance of a rash on a particular part of the body, and how to treat it in order to avoid serious consequences of self-medication.
Rash on the face
One of the parts of the body that is most susceptible to all sorts of dermatitis is the face.
In addition to the fact that the appearance of small pimples or spots on the face indicates pathologies in the body, such defects also become an aesthetic problem.
The reasons why a rash affects the facial area can be very diverse:
- Reaction to the sun. Occurs with prolonged exposure to the sun.
- Allergy. It can be caused by cosmetic products, for example, creams based on citrus oils. Food is also often the cause.
- Prickly heat. It is observed in infants of one year of age and younger with poor-quality skin care.
- Diathesis. They affect children who are breastfed.
- Puberty in adolescents.
- Infectious diseases. These include measles, rubella and scarlet fever.
Eruptions all over the body
Quite often, the rash affects more than one specific area, but spreads almost throughout the body.
Allergic rash in a newborn If the child is covered with various kinds of rashes, this indicates:
- Erythema toxic. The rash affects 90% of the body. Disappears within 3 days of detoxification.
- Newborn acne (we recommend reading:). Bathing with baby soap, air baths, care and proper nutrition are the solution to this problem.
- Allergic reaction. It can manifest as urticaria or contact dermatitis anywhere on the body where contact with the allergen has occurred.
- Infections. If nothing has changed in the diet and habits of the child, then the possible cause of the rash is an infectious disease.
Red dots on arms and legs
As for the rash on the limbs, its main cause is usually an allergy. Especially such allergic manifestations affect the hands. They can remain on the skin for a long time if the child experiences constant stress, emotional distress and fatigue. If you start the problem, it can develop into eczema.
Another reason why it may sprinkle on the hands and feet is a fungal disease (such as psoriasis, scabies or lupus). In cases where there is no rash elsewhere, simple sweating is possible.
Allergic rash on the foot of a child Rash on the abdomen
The main factor that can provoke the appearance of a rash on the abdomen is infection, in particular, such well-known diseases as measles, rubella, scarlet fever and chicken pox. With timely and competent treatment, the rash begins to disappear as early as 3-4 days.
Usually, besides the abdomen, the skin is affected in other places. However, if the rash is present exclusively on the abdomen, then contact dermatitis is most likely caused by an allergen in contact with the baby's tummy.
Rashes on the head and neck
A rash on the head or neck is most often the result of sweating. In this case, the thermoregulation of the child should be normalized and proper skin care should be provided. You can also smear the affected areas with ointments and bathe the baby in a row.
Among other reasons for the appearance of a rash in these places are:
- chicken pox;
- scabies (we recommend reading:);
- neonatal pustulosis;
- atopic dermatitis.
Atopic dermatitis red dots on the back
The most common causes of red dots on the back and shoulders are:
- allergy;
- prickly heat;
- insect bites;
- measles;
- rubella (we recommend reading:);
- scarlet fever.
Two more probable diseases associated with such a localization of red dots as the back are.
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Parents need to pay special attention to changes in the child's skin. Rashes on the dermis often indicate the presence of diseases, ignoring which is fraught with disastrous consequences. In order for the disease not to cause harm to the body, it must be correctly diagnosed and treated.
Only a few childhood diseases can provoke rashes on the dermis:
Important:rashes on the body can also talk about an allergic reaction. It manifests itself after contact with a common allergen or a new object for a child.
Symptoms
Each of the diseases is characterized by certain symptoms:
Attention: meningococcal infection often causes the death of a child. You should immediately consult a doctor if you suspect it and take all necessary medical measures.
Diagnostics
Only a specialist can make an accurate diagnosis. Inspection should be carried out in stationary conditions. The doctor may take steps such as:
- Basic inspection. The specialist will determine the nature of the rash and take into account other symptoms.
- Analyzes. The doctor can direct you to donate blood, urine and feces.
Attention: if serious complications are suspected, special diagnostics (X-ray, ultrasound, etc.) are required.
Treatment
The treatment regimen for childhood diseases in which spots appear on the skin directly depends on many factors. In most cases, parents are given recommendations and a list of medications, but with a serious diagnosis, the child is treated in a hospital.
For each disease there is a specific treatment regimen:
| Means | Features of use |
|---|---|
| Soda-salt solution for rinsing | Dissolve a large spoonful of salt and the same amount of soda in a glass of boiling water. After the liquid has cooled and is warm, give it to the child to gargle. The tool must be used three times a day |
| Herbal rinse | Pour one teaspoon of dry sage and chamomile into a glass of boiling water. Hold for ten minutes. Strain the liquid and let the child gargle it twice a day. |
| Tea with honey and lemon | Add a large spoonful of honey and a slice of lemon to green tea. It can be drunk several times a day |
Video - Rash in children
Errors in treatment
Incorrect actions reduce the effectiveness of treatment and aggravate the situation. Take note of the measures that must not be taken:
- Initiation of treatment before diagnosis in a hospital setting. You should not use medicines before the child is examined by a doctor.
- Combing rashes. Explain to the child that you need to touch the skin where the symptoms are localized as little as possible. If the baby ignores the request or is very small, carefully monitor the hygiene of his hands.
- The use of additional medicines and folk remedies before the approval of the attending physician. From various sources, you can learn that some herbs and medicines help fight rashes. But many of them have side effects and are not suitable for treating certain conditions.
Important:take care of your child's hygiene. Pathogenic organisms should not be allowed to enter the wounds.
Video - Causes of a rash in children
How to increase the effectiveness of treatment?
In order for the disease to stop bothering the child as soon as possible, you need to follow these recommendations:
- Make sure your child drinks plenty of fluids. This rule is especially true in cases where the appearance of spots accompanies an increase in temperature. Give your child tea, fruit drinks and juices.
- Take your child for a walk if the weather and the condition of his body allow. Keeping your baby at home until fully recovered is a big mistake. The baby should be in the fresh air for at least a few minutes a day, if he does not have a temperature, and it is not too cold outside and there is no precipitation with the wind.
- Vitaminize your baby's diet. Any disease negatively affects the immune system. To prevent the recurrence of the disease, speed up treatment and strengthen the immune system, prepare dishes from fruits and vegetables for your child. It is desirable that they be raw or steamed. 0
