The presentation is used in the study of the topic in the 6th grade "Manufacturing technology of long products". The presentation is intended to familiarize students with the technological processes of manufacturing products from long products.

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"Presentation" Manufacturing technology of long products ""

Municipal autonomous educational institution

"Lyceum No. 10" of the city of Sovetsk, Kaliningrad region

Manufacturing technology of long products

Purpose: to get acquainted with the main technological processes for the processing of metals and alloys, about the types of products from long products

Performed by the teacher of technology Zinchenko A.G.

MAOU "Lyceum No. 10"

Sovetsk, 2017

Technological operations required for the manufacture of parts from long products

• preparatory (selection of workpieces, marking);
• processing (cutting, bending, cutting, drilling);
• assembly (bolted, welded, soldered, riveted, etc.);
• finishing (cleaning, grinding, painting, etc.)

Reading a drawing of a part

Breakdown of the technological process into technological operations

Processing

Preparatory

Assembly

Finishing

Determining the sequence of preparatory operations

Determining the sequence of assembly operations

Determination of the sequence of finishing operations

Determination of the sequence of processing operations

Workpiece selection

Stripping

Riveted connection

Grinding

Markup

Bolted connection

Other operations

Drilling

Other operations

Other operations

Other operations

Equipment selection

Choice of fixtures

Choice of tools

Development of sketches of technological operations and transitions

Equipment selection

Choice of fixtures

Choice of tools

Equipment selection

Choice of fixtures

Drilling

Choice of tools

Manufacturing process

receipt of blanks, processing of parts, maintenance and repair of devices, sharpening and straightening of tools, control and testing of finished products, packaging and storage of finished products, etc.

Technological process

• represents a part of the production process, which is associated with a change in shape and size, the state of the material when it is converted into finished products.

Technological operation

• it is a complete part of the technological process, performed on one workstation or machine.

Locksmith

In enterprises, these operations are performed locksmiths .

Locksmiths of mechanical assembly works assembled from separate parts and assemblies machines, engines, cars, tractors

Locksmiths-repairmen

Locksmiths - repairmen repair and adjust various equipment.

Locksmiths-toolmakers

make and repair tools and devices

Sources used

• Tishchenko A.T. Technology. Industrial technologies: Grade 6: methodological manual / A.T. Tishchenko. - M.: Ventana-Graf, 2016 .-- 192 p.
• Technology lessons using ICT. 5 - 6 grades. Methodical manual with an electronic application. - M .: Planeta, 2011 .-- 384 p. - (Modern school).
• Photos are taken on the Internet.

Educational technological map.

The purpose of the lesson:

Educational : to form the concept of long products and methods of obtaining them.

Developing : develop the logic of thinking, develop creativity, skill

analyze, compare and draw informed conclusions based on the comparison.

Upbringing : foster interest in learning, foster diligence, accuracy,

perseverance, aesthetic feelings, a sense of responsibility for their work.

Planned results:

Subject - students get acquainted with the assembly drawings, perform a sketch of a detail of one of the products, learn to read the assembly drawing of the product.

Metasubject (UUD): regulatory - to transform a practical task into a cognitive, communicative - the ability to work in a group while completing an assignment, the ability to cooperate with a teacher, cognitive - what is an assembly drawing? In what cases are two or more views shown in the drawings? etc.

Personal - the ability to conduct an introspection of the work performed, the development of hard work and responsibility for the quality of their activities.

Basic concepts : assembly drawing, reading assembly drawing.

Lesson type: combined

Equipment : Samples of completed drawings, workbooks, textbook, drawing accessories.

During the classes.

1. Stage of motivation (self-determination to activity) - org. moment, we create a problem by showing a slide with an image of an assembly drawing.

Question : What are the rules for depicting technical drawings, sketches and drawings of parts made of wood and sheet metal.

What are the dimensions in the drawings?

2. Actualization of knowledge and fixing an individual difficulty in a problematic action.

In order to update knowledge, a short conversation is held with students, during which the following questions are asked:

- In what cases are two or more views shown in the drawings?

(Cognitive UUD - to acquire new knowledge in the process of observation and reasoning)

What are the dimensions on the assembly drawings? (regulatory UUD - independently read the assembly drawing);

(cognitive UUD) -What is an assembly drawing?

In order to update knowledge, a conversation is held with students, during which the following questions are asked:

1.What is the difference between assembly drawings for wood and metal products? (Cognitive UUD - to acquire new knowledge in the process of observation and reasoning)

2.Name the order of reading the assembly drawing from long products (Regulatory UUD - independently find the necessary information in the textbook)

3.What is an assembly drawing? What does the expression "dimensions" mean? (Cognitive UUD - to search and select the necessary information to solve an educational problem - in a textbook, encyclopedia, the Internet.)

3. Formulation of the topic of the lesson.

What do you think we will learn today?

Having ascertained the opinion of the children, the teacher clarifies the role of the drawing in the design of products (updating the knowledge of students, regulatory ECD - goal-setting)

4. Practical work.

The teacher organizes the actualization of the methods of learning actions sufficient to build new knowledge.

Trial action (task) - Consider Figure 61, complete in the workbook a sketch of one of the parts: screwdrivers. a template, a corner - or a sketch of a detail from your creative project.

Try the experiment: Stretch and release the steel (hardened) and copper wire springs. Draw a conclusion about the elasticity of steel and copper.

Read the assembly drawing shown in Figure 62.

Fill out the table in your workbook

The teacher checks the correctness of the assignment, identifying difficulties in trial action.

5. Fixing difficulty:

Incorrect definition of dimensional. Incorrect determination of the number of views in the drawing (solutions to the problem)

6. Way out of the difficulty:

Once again, the teacher talks about the need to be able to read assembly drawings, to be able to carry out drawings of individual parts, thereby organizing students to explore a problem situation (UUD - communicative, joint problem solutions)

7. Reflection of educational activities.

At this stage of summing up the lesson, the teacher asks the children questions, answering which he can judge the assimilation of this material.

Questions : What is an assembly drawing?

In what cases are two or more views shown in the drawings?

What is the difference between assembly drawings for wood and metal products?

What are the dimensions on the assembly drawing?

What new knowledge have you received for yourself?

Can the knowledge acquired today be useful in life?

The teacher asks the boys to evaluate their work in the lesson. (UUD are personal - an adequate understanding of the reasons for success / failure in educational activities.)

8. Cleaning of workplaces.

Lesson summary of the second generation FSES. Grade 6 technology.

Technological lesson map

Subject: Technology

Textbook (UMK): A.T. Tishchenko, V.D. Symonenko

Lesson topic: Drawings of long products. The use of a computer for the development of graphic documentation. Reading assembly drawings.

ETC. Reading drawings of individual parts and assembly drawings.

Lesson type: combined

Equipment: Samples of completed drawings, workbooks, textbook, drawing accessories.

Multimedia equipment. Technology textbook V.D. Symonenko.

Planned results

Subject - students get acquainted with the assembly drawings, perform a sketch of a part of one of the products, learn to read the assembly drawing of the product.

Metasubject (UUD): regulatory - transforming a practical task into cognitive, communicative - the ability to work in a group while completing an assignment, the ability to cooperate with a teacher, cognitive - what is an assembly drawing? In what cases are two or more views shown in the drawings? etc. Personal - the ability to conduct self-analysis of the work performed, the development of diligence and responsibility for the quality of their activities.

Basic concepts: assembly drawing, reading assembly drawing.

Motivation stage(self-determination to activity) -org. moment, we create a problem by showing a slide with an image of an assembly drawing.

Question: What are the rules for depicting technical drawings, sketches and drawings of parts made of wood and sheet metal?

What are the dimensions in the drawings?

Updating knowledge and fixing an individual difficulty in a problematic action.

In order to update knowledge, a short conversation is held with students, during which the following questions are asked:

In what cases are two or more views shown in the drawings? (Cognitive UUD - to acquire new knowledge in the process of observation and reasoning)

What are the dimensions on the assembly drawings? (regulatory UUD - independently read the assembly drawing);

(cognitive UUD) - What is an assembly drawing?

In order to update knowledge, a conversation is held with students, during which the following questions are asked:

1.What is the difference between assembly drawings for wood and metal products? (Cognitive UUD - to acquire new knowledge in the process of observation and reasoning)

2.Name the order of reading the assembly drawing from long products (Regulatory UUD - independently find the necessary information in the textbook)

3.What is an assembly drawing? What does the expression "dimensions" mean? (Cognitive UUD - to search and select the necessary information to solve an educational problem - in a textbook, encyclopedia, the Internet.)

Formulation of the topic of the lesson.

What do you think we will learn today?

Having ascertained the opinion of the children, the teacher clarifies the role of the drawing in the design of products (updating the knowledge of students, regulatory ECD - goal-setting)

Practical work

The teacher organizes the actualization of the methods of learning actions sufficient to build new knowledge.

Trial action (task) - Consider Figure 61, complete in the workbook a sketch of one of the parts: screwdrivers. a template, a corner - or a sketch of a detail from your creative project.

Try the experiment: Stretch and release the steel (hardened) and copper wire springs. Draw a conclusion about the elasticity of steel and copper.

Read the assembly drawing shown in Figure 62.

Fill out the table in your workbook

The teacher checks the correctness of the assignment, identifying difficulties in trial action.

Fixing difficulty:

Incorrect definition of dimensional. Incorrect determination of the number of views in the drawing (solutions to the problem)

The way out of the difficulty:

Once again, the teacher talks about the need to be able to read assembly drawings, to be able to carry out drawings of individual parts, thereby organizing students to explore a problem situation (UUD - communicative, joint problem solutions)

3. Reflection of educational activities

At this stage of summing up the lesson, the teacher asks the children questions, answering which he can judge the assimilation of this material.

Questions: What is an assembly drawing?

In what cases are two or more views shown in the drawings?

What is the difference between assembly drawings for wood and metal products?

What are the dimensions on the assembly drawing?

What new knowledge have you received for yourself?

Can the knowledge acquired today be useful in life?

The teacher asks the boys to evaluate their work in the lesson. (UUD are personal - an adequate understanding of the reasons for success / failure in educational activities.)

House. exercise: repeat § №16.

Target: to familiarize students with the types of long products, methods of obtaining them and images of parts from long products in the drawings.

Equipment: samples of rolled products, assembly drawing, samples of products from long products.

During the classes

I. Repetition of the covered material.

1. Conversation on issues:

- What alloys from non-ferrous metals do you know?

- What are the properties of these metals?

- List the technological properties of metals and alloys.

- What are the mechanical properties of metals and alloys?

- Tell us about the use of aluminum.

2. Exercise for the development of observation, accuracy, accuracy.

Exercise. Determine which keyhole the key fits to.

3. Communication of the topic and purpose of the lesson.

II. Presentation of the program material.

1. Introductory conversation.

Teacher. In the 5th grade lessons, we examined sheet metal and wire. Remember how you get them.

For the manufacture of various products, other forms of rolled products are also required, which are obtained by rolling (squeezing) heated ingots between rolls of different profiles.

Often, the shape of the future part is approximated to the shape of long products, this allows to reduce metal waste and the production time of the part.

There are various forms of long products, the most common of which are shown in the figure. Review and name them. (See Figure 1.)

Rice. one. Long products profiles: a- square; b- strip; v- hexagon; G- a circle; d- corner; e- triangle; f- channel; s- rail

The teacher explains the main areas of application for the various rental profiles.

2. Practical task.

Sequence of execution:

1) Cut out two strips of 100 × 240 mm from the sheet and carry out the experiment by loading the strips of sheet (see Fig. 2).

Rice. 2. Tin strip samples

2) It is necessary to load until the strip of sheet comes in contact with the table.

3) Write down the data in a notebook and compare the results.

3. The result of the practical assignment.

1) Assessment of the implementation of the practical task by students.

2) Generalization.

Teacher. In the section "Woodworking" we examined how the diagonals are depicted. Name these methods. ( With sketches, technical drawings and drawings.)

How are rental products depicted? ( Products from long products are depicted similarly.)

How is a multi-part product depicted? ( A product consisting of several parts is shown in assembly drawings.) (See Figure 3.)

How do you control angles? ( Angle control template.) (See Figure 4.)

III. Practical work.

Completing tasks:

1. Consider the rivet tool in Figure 3.

2. Sketch the template in your notebook.

3. Carefully read the assembly drawing (Fig. 3) and fill in the table.

IV. Lesson summary.

1. Checking and comparing the data filled in the table.

2. Evaluation of sketches and tables.

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Details Category: Long products

Long products

In mechanical engineering, construction, transport, it is widely used rolled metal: sheets, strips, tapes, rails, beams and so on. It is obtained as a result of reduction of a metal ingot in a hot or cold state between the rotating rolls of a rolling mill. This is how steel, non-ferrous metals and their alloys are processed.

Rental profile (its cross-sectional shape) depends on the shape of the rolls. The figures show the main profiles of rolled products, called high-quality rolled products.

The following profiles are distinguished long products: simple (circle, square, hexagon, stripe, leaf); shaped (rail, beam, channel, tavr and etc.); special (wheels, reinforcing steel and etc.).

Most often, long products are used as blanks for various parts. For example, from hex bar make bolts, nuts. From round bars grind cylindrical parts on lathes. Angle hire used in the production of frames, frames, shelving, etc.

By rolling, you can give the workpiece the shape of a finished part, thereby avoiding additional processing and, therefore, reducing metal waste, saving time.

Below are several examples of common types of rolled products: pipe, reinforcement, beam, channel, sheet, angle, strip, etc.

Long products - one of the types of semi-finished products. This is the name of the product of labor intended for further processing and obtaining finished products.
You are already familiar with some types of semi-finished products - lumber, plywood, wire.
Sheet metal subdivided into thin-leaved (up to 4 mm) and thick-leaved (over 4 mm

Types and properties of steel

Steel- it iron-carbon alloy(up to 2%) and other chemical elements. It is widely used in mechanical engineering, transport, construction, and everyday life.
Depending on the composition, they are distinguished carbonaceous and alloyed steel. Carbon steel contains 0.4 ... 2% carbon. Carbon gives steel hardness, but increases brittleness, reduces ductility. When other elements are added to steel during melting: chromium, nickel, vanadium and others - its properties change. Some elements increase hardness, strength, others - elasticity, while others give anti-corrosion, heat resistance, etc. Steels containing these elements are called alloyed. In alloy steel grades, additives are designated by letters: N - nickel , V - tungsten ,G - manganese , D - copper , TO - cobalt , T - titanium .

Distinguish by purpose structural, instrumental and special become.
Structural carbon steel is of ordinary quality and high quality. The first- plastic, but has low strength. It is used for the manufacture of rivets, washers, bolts, nuts, soft wire, nails. The second characterized by increased durability. Shafts, pulleys, lead screws, gears are made from it.
Tool steel has greater hardness and strength than structural, and is used for the manufacture of chisels, hammers, threading tools, drills, cutters.
Special steels - these are steels with special properties: heat-resistant, wear-resistant, stainless, etc.
All types of steels are marked in a specific way. So, structural steel of ordinary quality is indicated by letters St... and serial number from 0 before 7 (Art. O, Art. one etc. - the higher the steel number, the higher the carbon content and ultimate strength), quality - in two numbers 05 , 08 , 10 etc., showing the carbon content in hundredths of a percent. The reference book can be used to determine the chemical composition of steel and its properties.
The properties of steel can be changed using heat exposure - heat treatment (heat treatment). It consists in heating to a certain temperature, holding at this temperature and subsequent rapid or slow cooling. The temperature range can be wide depending on the type of heat treatment and the carbon content of the steel.
The main types of heat treatment - hardening, tempering, annealing, normalization .
To increase the hardness of steel, use hardening - heating the metal to a certain temperature (for example, up to 800 ° C) and rapid cooling in water, oil or other liquids.
With significant heating and rapid cooling, the steel becomes hard and brittle. Brittleness after quenching can be reduced by using leave - the cooled hardened steel part is reheated to a certain temperature (for example, 200 ... 300 ° C), and then cooled in air.
For some tools, only the working part is hardened. This increases the durability of the entire tool.
At annealing the workpiece is heated to a certain temperature, kept at this temperature and slowly(this is the main difference from hardening) cool... Annealed steel becomes softer and therefore better workable.
Normalization - a kind of annealing, only cooling occurs in air... This type of heat treatment improves the strength of the steel.

Heat treatment of steel at industrial enterprises is carried out thermist workers... A thermist must know well the internal structure of metals, their physical, technological properties, heat treatment modes, skillfully use thermal furnaces, and strictly observe labor safety rules.

The most important mechanical properties of steel - hardness and strength ... On the hardness steel is tested using special hardness testers... The measurement method is based on pressing a harder material into a sample: a ball of hard steel, a diamond cone or a diamond pyramid.

Hardness value HB is determined by dividing the load by the surface area of ​​the indentation left in the metal ( Brinell method ) (fig. on the right, a),

or by the depth of immersion in the metal of a diamond tip, a steel ball ( Rockwell method ) (rice. 6 ).

Strength steels are determined on tensile testing machines by testing specimens of a special shape, stretching them in the longitudinal direction up to rupture (figure on the left). Determining the strength, divide the greatest load, which preceded the rupture of the sample, by the area of ​​its initial cross-section.