Types of dentures for complete loss of teeth. What removable dentures are recommended by experts in the complete absence of teeth? Options for prosthetics in the complete absence of teeth

The complete absence of teeth (dentia), which occurs mainly in the elderly, is a common problem. Regardless of the reasons, adentia is a complete and unconditional indication for urgent prosthetics. What are the best dentures for the complete absence of teeth? This article will help you understand the many dental services aimed at restoring the dentition.

Several factors contribute to the occurrence of adentia: natural wear of enamel and dentin, periodontal disease, untimely access to the dentist, ignoring elementary hygiene requirements, injuries, and chronic diseases.

The lack of even 2-3 teeth is very tangible and unpleasant, and when it comes to their complete absence, it can be said without exaggeration that such a condition is a serious pathology that entails many negative consequences:

Adentia can be the result of injuries, as well as various diseases.

Disorders of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), as a result of poor chewing of food and malnutrition.
Negative changes in appearance - a patient with a complete absence of teeth acquires a characteristic elongated oval of the face, a protruding chin, sunken cheeks and lips, pronounced nasolabial folds.
Significant violations in colloquial speech: teeth are the most important and integral part of the articulatory apparatus, and their lack, and even more so the absence, leads to the appearance of diction defects that are very noticeable to the ear.
Bone tissue degeneration of the alveolar processes (gums), which, in the absence of roots, become thinner and smaller in size, which in the most advanced cases makes it difficult or impossible for high-quality implantation (prosthetics).

The cumulative result of all the above problems is significant psychological discomfort, communication disorders, limiting oneself in vital needs: communication, work, good nutrition. The only way to return to a quality life is to get dentures.

Contraindications for prosthetics

Cases in which dental prosthetics are prohibited are rare, and nevertheless, a qualified dentist must make sure that his patient does not suffer from one of the following ailments:

individual allergic reaction to the chemical components that make up the material;
intolerance to local anesthesia (important for implantation);
any viral disease in the acute stage;
severe form of diabetes;
oncological disease;
mental and neurological disorders during the period of exacerbation;
blood clotting disorders;
severe lack of weight and depletion of the body (anorexia, cachexia).

Obviously, many contraindications are temporary, while others lose their relevance with the right choice of restoration method.

Removable dentures in the complete absence of teeth: difficulties and features

Another negative point with adentia is a very small selection of possible ways to restore teeth. Existing methods are either expensive or have many disadvantages. A nylon prosthesis is in great demand in the complete absence of teeth. But when choosing the optimal method of prosthetics, it should be remembered that a complete removable restoration of the entire dentition has a lot of features:

The main feature of complete dentures is that they do not have fasteners.

Does this mean that it is better not to resort to this method of restoration? Certainly not. Despite the fact that the best restoration method for completely missing teeth is, the use of a covering prosthesis also makes sense. It will help those who do not have the financial ability to put implants, as well as patients whose bone tissue is loose, which is a contraindication to implantation.

Types of complete dentures

Orthopedic products used to restore completely missing teeth have approximately the same design. These are arched prostheses, which on the lower jaw are held only on the gums, and on the upper jaw they also rest on the palate. The teeth in dentures are almost always plastic, and the base can be made of different materials. It is on this basis that they are classified.

Expert opinion. Dentist Yanovsky L.D.: " named after the name of the polymer from which their basis is made. Nylon is a translucent, strong, flexible and elastic material with good wear-resistant qualities. Its advantages include good aesthetic performance and hypoallergenicity, which favorably distinguish this type of dental structures from others. Given that two out of ten people on the planet suffer from allergies to acrylic or various types of metals, for many, a nylon prosthesis in the absence of teeth is a panacea in terms of convenience and quality.

Made of acrylic - a more modern and perfect variety of plastic. It is distinguished by its resistance to wear and the effects of aggressive acid-base environments, which makes acrylic a fairly popular material in dental practice. However, he has a number shortcomings, which put it an order of magnitude lower than nylon:

Both nylon and acrylic prostheses do not have any attachments - this causes difficulties in fixing them. The use of special glue, which lasts for 3-4 hours, can slightly improve the situation, but this also brings only temporary comfort. The only way to get rid of discomfort is to install polymer prostheses on implants.

Prosthetics on implants in the complete absence of teeth: advantages and types of procedures

The main advantage of implantation is reliable fixation, thanks to which the patient does not have to worry that the prosthesis will fall off at the most inopportune moment. Chewing food is also greatly facilitated: there is no need to limit oneself in taking solid and viscous foods, and this has a positive effect on the state of the gastrointestinal tract and intestinal motility.

One of the first questions of interest to people who decide on implantation is the required number of implants. In each specific clinical case, this is decided individually, and the decisive factor is the condition of the patient's bone tissue. On average, at least two implants should be installed on each jaw to hold the entire structure.

If the patient is determined to undergo surgery, and the condition of the alveolar processes does not allow it, he can undergo a sinus lift - a technique for building up bone tissue using special materials. Modern dentistry has several methods for implanting implants, however, in the absence of teeth, it is rational to use only two of them - beam and push-button.

Button implants- a fairly reliable and relatively inexpensive method of restoration. During the operation, two implants are implanted into the gums, which end in a ball that looks like a clothes button. On the side of the prosthesis, there are holes, which are the second part of the attachment. This device allows the patient to remove the prosthesis daily for thorough cleaning.

Implantation on beams provides for the implantation of 2 to 4 implants interconnected by metal beams that increase the support area for a more thorough fixation of the prosthesis. Just like button implantation, it requires periodic removal, but at the same time pleases with good functionality.

A person forced to resort to the installation of prostheses in the complete absence of teeth imagines that he will have to wear a terrible “false jaw” that will have to be put in a glass of water on the bedside shelf at night.

All these unfounded misconceptions come from Soviet dentistry, when things were bad with prosthetics. Now, even with the complete absence of teeth, you can get a high-quality, comfortable and realistic prosthesis.

Complete absence of teeth

Briefly about prosthetics in the complete absence of teeth

Complete loss of teeth, or a large number of them, is by no means rare. There can be many reasons for such an ailment, and, unfortunately, due to the current environmental situation and living standards, there are more and more of them. Most often, the patient loses all his teeth for one of the following reasons:

Advanced diseases of gum tissues and periodontium.
Late treatment of caries or complete lack of therapy.
Natural wear of tooth enamel.
Increased abrasion of fabrics.
Severe injuries to a large number of teeth or the entire jaw.
Violation of metabolic processes.
Diseases of the internal organs.

Even if only a few teeth are missing, this is already felt and affects the chewing functions of the jaw. What can adentia lead to? If you do not correct the situation in a timely manner with the help of dentures, you may encounter irreversible consequences:

Disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. A person without teeth is unable to fully experience hard food, and therefore his diet is poor and limited to soft foods. Monotony leads to nutritional deficiencies and poor digestion.
Distortion of the facial oval - sunken cheeks, protruding chin, pronounced nasolabial folds and thinned lips.
Distortion of speech due to the fact that in the absence of teeth, the ability to pronounce many letters and sounds is lost.
Atrophy of bone tissue, thinning of the alveolar processes, as a result of which subsequent implantation becomes simply impossible.

The complete absence of teeth significantly reduces the quality of life and gives rise to a lot of complexes. Only complete prosthetics can solve the problem.

This procedure does not have many contraindications, however, for patients with the following diseases, full prosthetics will not be available:

Intolerance to any type of anesthesia (important when installing implants).
Infectious diseases, mucous membranes and oral cavity in particular. Initially, you need to cure the disease and only then proceed to prosthetics.
Diabetes.
Oncology.
Mental disorders.
Poor blood clotting.
Anemia or anorexia, as well as any other diseases that indicate the exhaustion of the body.

What prostheses can make up for the complete or almost complete absence of dental units?

Removable

Nylon

Dentures made of nylon are elastic and look very realistic, however, they do not restore the chewing function. In addition, these types of prostheses are not fixed securely enough in the mouth.

Removable nylon dentures

Acrylic

The design is made of acrylic plastic - a fairly durable material that is compatible with mucous tissues and looks as natural as possible.

With a competent approach, a specialist can manufacture and deliver a completely realistic design with imitation of the color of the gums and enamel.

The basis can cover both part of the gum and close it all, depending on the size of the structure.

This design is ideal for permanent wear, and at the end of the adaptation period, it almost does not feel like something foreign.

Acrylic prosthesis can be left in the mouth overnight!

Based on beam fixation

This type of structure is based on a beam that takes on all the vertical load.

In order for the pressure on the implants to be distributed evenly, they are connected by a horizontal beam, in which there are places for fixing the orthopedic structure.

Prostheses based on bar fixation

In the prosthesis itself, recesses are made under the shape of this beam, and when the two parts are connected, special locks are snapped into place, which ensure a secure fit.

With the help of a beam prosthesis, it is possible to restore both the entire dentition and part of it.

The bar prosthesis is only conditionally referred to as removable, however, it should be removed only if it is necessary to clean or replace it.

fixed

Metal-ceramic

In order to make a fixed prosthesis in the complete absence of teeth in the mouth, it is necessary to initially install 4 dental implants, on which the denture will be based.

A fixed structure made of high-quality metal ceramics will be much more convenient than a removable denture, as it serves as an imitation of a full-fledged dentition.

Gum deficiency will be filled with ceramics, which are painted in the color of the oral mucosa.

Fixed denture

Based on zirconia

This type of prosthetics is considered the highest quality and modern, due to the fact that the material itself is highly durable and lightweight. The weight of a zirconium dioxide prosthesis is several times less than the weight of a metal structure.

This material has a translucency that is identical in depth to natural tooth enamel, so that dentures cannot be visually distinguished from real teeth.

Clasp prosthetics

Most orthopedists agree that clasp prostheses are a successful combination of reliability, strength and beauty. Before installing a prosthesis of this type, supports are implanted in the patient. Clasp prostheses of the new generation have 3 types of fixation:

Fixation with metal hooks or fastening on clasps.
Attachment of a removable prosthesis using micro-locks installed on the implant.
Fixation of the structure on telescopic crowns - after the implant is implanted into the bone, a primary crown is placed on it, and a secondary crown is placed on the removable prosthesis itself. It is worn on implants and securely fastened in the oral cavity.

Clasp prosthesis

Are there any differences between complete dentures of the upper and lower jaw

Upper jaw teeth

Making a prosthesis for the upper jaw is somewhat easier than for the lower. Insofar as the upper jaw has more points of support of the basis, for example, the sky.

Thanks to the large valve area, the prosthesis can be securely fixed on the gum, and the chewing load can be distributed much more evenly.

Even with the complete absence of the dentition, the prosthesis of the upper jaw will not move during meals and cause discomfort to the owner. For its manufacture, both flexible nylon and rigid acrylic can be used.

lower jaw teeth

The need to make up for the complete absence of teeth in the lower jaw presents certain difficulties for the prosthetist, since the area for the basis is extremely small. Due to the abundance of folds of mucous tissues and the tongue frenulum, the prosthesis cannot be fixed using valve mechanisms. Located near the tongue and cheeks can push and displace the structure, causing discomfort to the patient.

Therefore, if at least one healthy tooth has been preserved in the lower jaw, the best solution would be to install a conditionally removable prosthesis. The peculiarity of structures of this kind is as follows:

The prosthesis is securely fixed in the oral cavity on titanium screws implanted into the bone tissue.
There is no need to implant all the roots of the dentition - a few supporting ones are enough.
The denture can be removed at the dental office for a quick cleaning.

In the absence of teeth on the upper and lower jaws at the same time, the doctor can offer 2 different prostheses. The opinion that only structures made of the same material should be used is erroneous.

How to carry out prosthetics in the complete absence of teeth

Before proceeding with prosthetics, the patient must undergo a complete examination of the state of health, check the condition of the oral cavity and the prosthetic bed.

cast of teeth

The specialist first of all pays attention to how atrophied the alveolar processes and mucous membranes are. All this allows you to determine the nuances in the design of the future prosthesis. The main stages in the manufacture of a prosthesis are approximately the following:

Removal of impressions of the jaw for the subsequent work of dental technicians.
The casting of the prosthesis.
Basis production.
Determination of central occlusion thanks to impressions.
Relief modeling.
Finishing processing.
Delivery of the resulting prosthesis to the patient and the first fitting.

These are approximate steps in the manufacture of a prosthesis. The exact sequence depends on the specific type of prosthetic construction.

Conclusion

Of course, the complete loss of teeth is a difficult and painful situation for the person who had to deal with it. However, a high-quality and professionally made denture can be outwardly indistinguishable from real teeth, restoring not only the aesthetic appearance of a smile, but also chewing functions.

Lack of teeth is a serious problem that requires an immediate competent solution. It does not matter why you lost your teeth: due to injury or illness, the function of the jaws must be restored, and as soon as possible, as this threatens with many complications. How is the prosthetics of the teeth in the upper jaw with complete adentia?

Removable products for the upper jaw have the following peculiarities:

thanks to an additional point of support (the sky), the prosthesis is firmly fixed in the oral cavity,
in the process of choosing a method of prosthetics and manufacturing a structure, there are usually no difficulties, since the upper jaw has a large area for placing and fixing the product,
convenient to use,
while eating, the product does not move,
the prosthesis is invisible to others,
partial dentures evenly distribute the load without destroying the abutment teeth,
even if the patient does not have a single tooth left in the upper jaw, removable structures are able to fully restore the chewing function of the jaw.

Suction cup dentures

Suction cup dentures are a popular prosthetic method for fully edentulous patients.

Prosthetics of the upper jaw can be carried out using or conditionally removable structures. A complete removable denture is fixed in the oral cavity based on the gum line and palate. Often prosthetics of the upper jaw is carried out with suction cup prostheses, which are of several types:

acrylic products

The prosthesis has a special silicone insert, which is located between the base and the gums. It acts as a shock absorber - distributes the load when chewing food. But acrylic tends to accumulate plaque on itself and absorb odors, since it is a porous material. In addition, experts rarely try to use it, since with prolonged use, many patients develop allergies and prosthetic stomatitis.

Nylon is a flexible material, does not absorb moisture and is not prone to plaque buildup with proper care. Such prostheses are very flexible, stick well to the palate and are able to withstand fairly high chewing loads.

Polyurethane structures

Also a good material, it is non-hygroscopic, well fixed and affordable.

Expert opinion. Dentist Zubritsky O.A.: “The basis of this design completely repeats the shape of the sky, all its irregularities and bends, the color of the material is natural with a pinkish tint. The product is attached to the mucous membrane due to the vacuum effect, as if sticking to it. Over the history of its existence, suction cup prostheses have undergone a large number of changes, new flexible materials have begun to be used for their manufacture. All this made the design as convenient and comfortable as possible to wear.”

But one should also take into account limitations these prostheses:

Clasp prostheses

The clasp prosthesis can be used to restore the upper jaw in the complete absence of teeth. This is a modern design, consisting of a metal arc, to which artificial teeth are attached. To restore the dentition in the complete absence of teeth, implantation of implants is necessary to fix the clasp structure (read more about prosthetics on implants). There are several methods fixing clasp products in the oral cavity:

clasp type of fastening,
fixation with micro locks,
with telescopic crowns.

In the manufacture of a structure for the upper jaw, a special bridge is provided in it, which connects the lateral parts and makes the chewing load more physiological and natural. There are several types of arc for clasp prosthesis:

Ring

This is a fairly rigid structure, it consists of two narrow strips adjacent to the anterior and posterior sections of the palate. The use of an annular arch is possible only if there are no changes in the bone tissue.

It is used for prosthetics of patients with an increased gag reflex, with a flat palate and mild alveolar processes. This shape of the arc ensures even distribution of the load during chewing.

reminiscent of the form transverse stripe.

Clasp prostheses have many benefits:

the base of the product does not completely cover the palate (this is important, since a large number of taste buds are located on the palate),
there is no distortion of diction,
even distribution of the load on the gums,
do not cause the development of prosthetic stomatitis,
do not provoke a gag reflex, like full plate dentures.

Fixation of products on implants

The most reliable method of restoring the dentition in the absence of teeth is the fixation of prostheses on pre-implanted implants. This method has a lot pluses:

The implant is implanted for life, this is the most reliable method of restoring the dentition.

implants are implanted into the bone forever, they firmly hold the prosthesis, so it cannot fall out of the oral cavity,
implantation is a method that preserves the shape of the patient's face, which cannot be said about conventional removable structures,
Implanted artificial roots work in much the same way as real ones. This provides physiological pressure on the jaw bones, which reduces the risk of atrophy.

To attach the prosthesis to the implants, a beam or push-button attachment method can be used. In addition, implantation can be carried out by one of two methods:

Basal implantation

This method is sparing, as it is carried out relatively quickly, and the recovery period is easier than after the classical method. How long does basal prosthetics take? It takes about a week for all manipulations and engraftment of prostheses. A significant advantage of basal implantation is that it can be carried out even with bone tissue atrophy.

This method of prosthetics is used in the following cases:

with diseases of periodontal tissues,
if bone atrophy occurs,
there is no possibility to perform a bone grafting operation (this is an artificial increase in the missing volume of bone tissue),
for health reasons, the patient is contraindicated to carry out alternative methods of prosthetics.

2. Classic implantation

An artificial root is implanted into the jaw bone. Then follows the period of its engraftment, this period of time is called osseointegration. Most often, implants are made of titanium, it is a biocompatible material that in 99% of cases takes root in bone tissue without being rejected by the body.

Implantation is a complex operation, for which it is necessary to exclude the presence of contraindications in the patient (the list of which is quite large). In addition, for the implantation of an artificial root in the oral cavity, there must be a sufficient amount of bone tissue. Otherwise, bone grafting is performed.

Are fixed dentures made on implants for the upper jaw? Yes, but rarely, and there are some serious reasons:

To do this, you need to implant a sufficiently large number of implants, and this pleasure is not cheap.
Implantation has a large list of contraindications.
To restore the entire upper jaw, you will have to make a long horseshoe-shaped prosthesis. If it breaks in one place, you will have to remove it entirely from the oral cavity.

When restoring chewing function and installing dentures, the presence of native teeth in the mouth plays an important role. Today, with complete adentia, the choice of prosthetic methods is quite wide. Before deciding on the material and type of products, it is worth finding out all the advantages and disadvantages of the available methods for restoring the dentition.

The nuances of prosthetics in the complete absence of teeth

All possible options for solving the problem of complete absence of teeth can be divided into two main groups - these are removable dentures and implantation. The first and second options have several ways of execution. In order to finally make a choice, it is important to understand what tasks are designed to solve dentures, as well as take into account lifestyle, financial capabilities, etc.

Fixed prosthetics

In order to solve the problem of missing teeth once and for all and make your smile as natural as possible, you should think about implantation. The advantages of the procedure are the aesthetic appearance of artificial teeth, comfort while eating, no need to remove the structure for cleaning, etc. The implants “sit” firmly in the bone tissue, so there is no danger that the jaw will fall out of the mouth.

Implantation

It is not uncommon for a completely edentulous patient to wish to have all of their teeth implanted. To do this, an artificial root is implanted in the upper and lower jaw in place of each missing tooth, then an abutment is put on it and a crown is fixed. This procedure is fraught with some difficulties:

If the loss of teeth did not occur immediately, but over time, there may be a lack of bone tissue in the jaw areas. A long absence of a tooth leads to resorption (atrophy) of the bone on which it was held. This problem is solved with the help of sinus lifting procedures, bone augmentation. However, after this event, at least 6 months must pass before implantation.
The implantation procedure is quite complicated and involves risks: bleeding, poor engraftment, infection, etc. Installing 28 implants is more traumatic than 2-3.
A large number of implants will cost a lot. Often, patients, in an effort to reduce costs, ask to put not 28 teeth, but 24.

Before proceeding with the implantation of teeth in the upper jaw, it is recommended not only to perform an x-ray, but also to consult an otolaryngologist. This is due to the anatomically close location of the paranasal and infraorbital sinuses with the jaw bone tissue. With a high probability of perforation of the septum, it is worth abandoning the implants in this area and thinking about other methods of restoring the row.

With an implant-supported bridge

Today, there is a method of fixed prosthetics that is more accessible than full implantation (we recommend reading: how is dental prosthetics carried out in the absence of a large number of them?). We are talking about the installation of a bridge or beam structure based on implants. This means that much fewer artificial teeth will have to be implanted - from 8 to 14. Bridges and artificial teeth can be made of metal-plastic, metal-plastic or ceramic. There are several execution methods:

installation of 8 implants on the upper and lower jaw, which serve as a support for the bridge, and help to properly distribute the masticatory load;
implantation of 4 implants when it is impossible to use more supports.

Removable prosthetics

To date, the level of implementation of removable prosthetics allows it to compete with the highest quality fixed prostheses. The main disadvantage of wearing removable structures is the likelihood of them falling out of the mouth while talking or eating. However, this problem is solved by high-quality materials, the perfect fit of the prosthesis, as well as the use of special creams to fix the device.

Acrylic plastic structures

The most affordable and simple are plate dentures made of acrylic plastic. They are a base that is attached to the gums by a vacuum method, with artificial teeth fixed on it. Such designs can rub on soft tissues and are not always well kept in place, since their base is quite hard. In addition, in some people, wearing the upper jaw can cause a gag reflex, as the plastic arch affects the soft palate.

Soft nylon prostheses

Soft nylon prostheses that are comfortable to use and aesthetic in appearance are popular. They do not rub the gums, almost do not cause discomfort. Nylon products are made of a hypoallergenic material that does not contribute to the settlement and reproduction of microorganisms. However, due to their softness and considerable flexibility, such prostheses unevenly distribute the masticatory load, which is taken over by the gums. In this regard, nylon products are not often used: only in patients who are allergic to acrylic, as well as in children for temporary prosthetics.

Designs based on implanted implants

Removable structures can be used with implant support. This option is used for severe atrophy of the alveolar processes, when a removable prosthesis is not held on the jaw with the help of a vacuum effect.

Few implants are required - only 4 pieces for both jaws. Sometimes mini-implants are used, the diameter of which is 4 times smaller than usual, and the protruding part has a spherical shape. Such supports are installed relatively quickly, and due to the small diameter, they take root better.

Clasp prosthetics

To install clasp structures, which are a metal frame with artificial teeth fixed on it, a support is required. It can be represented by native teeth or implants, for which the product is attached. The metal base is covered with a material that simulates the gums, and the teeth are made of ceramic or composite.

Clasp prostheses are considered to be one of the best and most physiological, besides having an excellent appearance. They are fixed in the oral cavity using several types of fasteners:

Is it possible to use prostheses without a palate?

Most removable dentures for the upper jaw cover the palate. This is a significant drawback, it is fraught with the following inconveniences:

violation of diction;
overlapping of a large number of taste buds, which leads to a change in taste and loss of pleasure from food;
in some people, a foreign body that affects the soft palate causes a gag reflex;
salivation is sometimes disturbed;
the tongue lacks space, which causes chafing and microtrauma.

Many new generation designs are made without a sky. Among them are clasp, as well as nylon (Kvadrotti). Such devices have a connecting plane between the two sides of the row - metal or nylon, but it is thin and does not cover the main part of the arch. Both types of prostheses without a palate are not budgetary, but their cost is fully justified.

Advantages and disadvantages of different types of prosthetics

Before finally choosing a method of prosthetics, it is worth weighing all the pros and cons. It is important to determine what the main goal of replacing teeth is - aesthetics, good functionality, ease of use, as well as assess your financial capabilities. It is difficult to unequivocally answer the question which prostheses are better. Almost every type of structure has its advantages and disadvantages. Let's look at them with a table.

Type of prosthetics	Advantages	Flaws
Full implantation	Aesthetics, comfort during a conversation, eating. Implants do not rub soft tissues and do not strive to fall out of the mouth. They do not require special care.	High cost, the need for preliminary bone growth, trauma.
Implant-supported bridges	Relatively aesthetic appearance, do not require regular relining, prostheses are firmly held in place.	High cost, albeit lower than full implantation.
Removable nylon dentures	Translucent and flexible material is comfortable to use, the appearance is natural. There are designs of a new generation without a sky.	Not durable and quite expensive. Unevenly distribute the chewing load. Most often used as a temporary option.
Clasp structures	The most physiological, easy to use, correctly distribute the load.	They are not budgetary, they require preliminary implantation of implants.
Lamellar prostheses	Affordable and does the job.	Close the sky, rub due to inelasticity. May fall out of the mouth, require regular relocation.

Prosthetics in the complete absence of teeth is possible on removable and fixed dentures. We will consider in detail all types of prosthetics and their cost.

Complete absence of teeth negatively affects the patient's quality of life. A simultaneous blow to health, ability to eat, appearance, diction and self-esteem makes you give up your favorite habits and limit yourself, adjusting to unpleasant changes. But you should not “give up” to the problem and make do with temporary, poorly adapted prostheses. For each patient, you can choose the optimal solution that will relieve most of the unpleasant side effects of adentia and allow you to return to a full life.

Modern technologies of dental prosthetics allow you to make dentures that will fully satisfy the most sophisticated aesthetic and functional indicators. Such prostheses can be based directly on the gum tissue of the jaws or on implants.

Dentures that will be held in the mouth as a result of a "valve" formed between the mucosa and the body of the prosthesis are called removable. These prostheses are made from a special acrylic mass and are reinforced on the basis of the prosthesis. artificial teeth, consisting of a mixture of acrylic and ceramic chips.

At the same time, the concept of " removable prosthesis» even in the complete absence of teeth in the jaw. In this case, it will be necessary with subsequent attachment to implants of an orthopedic structure made of or. With this technology of complex prosthetics, it is possible to use from 4 to 7 implants in order to restore a complete dentition in one jaw.

What is complete adentia?

Completely edentulous dentists call a condition in which a patient has a lack of teeth in both dentitions. In most cases, medicine is faced with secondary complete adentia - the loss of existing teeth during life. The reason for this can be both injuries (for example, strong blows) and various diseases. But some patients suffer from congenital disorders leading to complete edentulism. They have to take care of the prostheses from an early age, periodically replacing them as the jaw body grows.

Complete absence of teeth requires immediate dental treatment, regardless of the source of the problem. Delay is dangerous, because the human body is not designed for a "toothless" existence. Adentia leads to the following problems:

The absence of teeth and the shift in the load on the bone causes gradual atrophy of the bone tissue. The bone becomes thinner and lower, losing an average of 4 mm per year.
Deformation of the bone provokes softening of the gum tissue, up to its almost complete erasure. The vacated space is filled with an enlarged tongue.
The use of exclusively soft food provokes chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, which needs regular exercise.
Over the years, changes in the shape of the face become noticeable: the angle of the jaw becomes blunt, soft tissues sink, and many deep wrinkles appear.
Excessive stress on the joint provokes chronic inflammation and other diseases that further aggravate the patient's condition.

All these features will be aggravated with every year spent without a properly selected implant. Only the qualified help of a dentist will stop the further deterioration of the general condition.

Dental care for complete edentulous

There are various. At the first consultation, the dentist will tell you which solutions are best for you, and which ones should be abandoned immediately. From a technical point of view, options can be divided into two categories:

Complete dentures supported by implants. It is possible to install both a full-fledged fixed prosthesis and a comfortable version of the usual removable prosthesis. This solution significantly reduces the load on the gum and prevents premature bone deformation.
Complete removable denture is an alternative to dental implants in cases where implant placement is not possible for physiological reasons.
Significant success in prosthetics can bring dental implantation in the complete absence of teeth. In this case, optimal conditions are created for orthopedic dental treatment using a fixed orthopedic structure (crowns, bridges).

If you have been suffering from complete edentulism for a year or several years, then you will most likely be suitable complete removable dentures. Despite the fact that changes in the structure of the joint become noticeable to a specialist already 5-6 years after the loss of teeth, the bone and gum remain able to “bear” for a long time. complete denture on implants. Remember: only a dentist can assess the condition of the jaw tissues and make a verdict. The experience of acquaintances and friends cannot be indicative for you, since changes in the bone structure of everyone occur at a different speed.

Types of complete prosthetics

Removable dentures for complete absence of teeth- This is a fairly large variety of types of orthopedic products. Complete removable denture can be made of acrylic mass (plastic). Prosthetics without implants in the complete absence of teeth can be carried out with the manufacture of the so-called nylon prosthesis. In this case, the product will be lighter and more durable.

May be non-removable. For this purpose, it is necessary to undergo primary implantation of teeth, followed by prosthetics with crowns based on implants. Implantation in the complete absence of teeth will eliminate the need for removable prosthetics, since crowns or bridges can be securely fixed on implants. it is possible to make on the basis of metal-ceramic crowns or to make crowns from zirconium dioxide. In the same time, fixed dentures in the absence of teeth can be mounted on beams located between several dental implants.

Complete restoration of teeth as a result of the manufacture of a clasp prosthesis, it will be rational for the preliminary implantation of several dental implants with fixation of the prosthesis base on micro-locks to the crowns attached to the implants. With this type of orthopedic dental treatment, it will no longer be complete fixed prosthetics, but despite this, the prosthesis will be securely held in the mouth. Prosthetics of the lower jaw in the complete absence of teeth using this technology is optimal for insufficient thickness of the jaw bone tissue.

There is options for prosthetics in the complete absence of teeth when the technology of manufacturing a removable-non-removable structure is used. In such a situation, 4-6 dental implants are fixed in the bone tissue and the removable part of the prosthesis is fixed on them on telescopic crowns. It is a reliable and comfortable design.

However, if desired, you can completely forget about the need for removable orthopedic structures if it is carried out. full dental implants.

In this way, types of prosthetics in the complete absence of teeth- Quite varied.

Soft prostheses made of polyurethane, nylon and silicone are intermediate solutions that can temporarily mask the problem. Usually Removable dentures for complete absence of teeth used as a temporary measure: for example, if at the moment the patient is not able to install dental implants due to any reason, but such an operation is planned in the future.

Prosthetics of the upper jaw in the complete absence of teeth, in a number of clinical cases, occurs with a decrease in the length of the basis of the prosthesis, in order to exclude the provocation of a gag reflex. There are also clinical situations in which the classic "hard" complete removable dentures impossible: deep jaw deformity, chronic inflammation of the temporomandibular joint with complications.

Advantages

Maximum wearing comfort: the soft prosthesis is almost invisible in everyday life.
Invisible mounts: determine that a person is wearing one complete removable denture, almost impossible due to the most naturalistic appearance.
Hypoallergenic: complete removable denture made of monomer-free plastic does not cause irritation, allergic reactions and inflammation of sensitive mucous tissues are excluded, as well as excessive salivation.
Complete removable lamellar denture eliminates further deformation of soft tissues due to the lack of pressure on the gums.
The prosthesis is not deformed and does not break from falling or impact.
Easily fixed in the mouth without auxiliary means (gels, creams, special glue).
It is easy to take care of the prosthesis, and if necessary, it is easy to replace it.

Flaws

The denture is not intended for chewing food. Soft materials make normal chewing impossible: the entire load falls on the gum. This leads to both rapid wear of the prosthesis and gradual changes in the jaw structure.
The structure of the prosthesis makes it more receptive to the structure of food: it “paints” and absorbs food odors.
Gradually, the prosthesis sags and begins to require adjustment or replacement.
Soft prosthesis is a temporary solution if needed complete dentures. It does not stop gum deformity and cannot replace a full rigid denture. The maximum period of wearing a soft prosthesis is 5-6 years.

With adentia, complete removable prosthetics are also possible, returning all the main functions of the jaw. Classically, in the case when it is carried out, a one-piece removable prosthesis made of plastic is selected, which is subsequently fixed using a special closing valve. For long-term wear, cast prostheses are made: they correspond to the features of the jaw structure as much as possible, and therefore it is almost impossible to distinguish them from real teeth.

If a quick solution is required, structures made by compression molding are used. They become a reliable temporary replacement for a prosthesis that is precisely tailored to individual parameters. At the same time, it must be remembered that it is possible to avoid the need to manufacture a removable structure in the case when full dental implants.

Advantages

A cast prosthesis is almost as aesthetic as real teeth.
The structure allows the prosthesis to be used both as a temporary and as a main solution.
The plastic construction takes on a significant part of the chewing load. The patient can return to normal eating habits.
A complete removable denture made of monomer-free plastic does not cause allergic reactions.
The low price of the prosthesis allows you to regularly replace it if necessary.

Flaws

The service life of the prosthesis depends not only on its configuration and care, but also on the condition of the jaw. So, on strong gums, plastic “stands” for 3-4 years. On atrophied - no more than 12 months.
Cosmetic changes become noticeable earlier than functional ones. Because of this, the current prosthesis, which has lost its specific advantages, sometimes has to be replaced ahead of time.
Some components that make up the plastic can irritate the gums and cause allergies.

You have to take more care of your prosthesis. Pieces of food stuck between the teeth are invisible to the patient, but they cause inflammation and bad breath.

If there is a need to prosthetics in the complete absence of teeth, then this is the most reliable, and at the same time the most technically complex option for removable prosthetics. To hold the prosthesis, a beam structure is installed, which is attached to the implants. Plastic matrices are attached to it, fitted to the patient's gum. This ensures the most accurate fixation with the possibility of removing the prosthesis at any time. But if the state of the jaw does not allow implants to be placed (at least 4 implants are required for normal installation), then other options will have to be selected.

Advantages

Excellent fixation. The difference is noted by all patients who previously wore temporary prostheses: the bar holds the prosthesis much stronger than the suction cups. The teeth are fixed in the most correct position and do not change it even under intense load.
Optimal pressure distribution. A prosthesis with a bar fixation provides the convenience of eating due to the fact that the load from chewing "leaves" into the implants. The gums are not erased, do not hurt and are not deformed.
The prosthesis feels as comfortable as possible in the mouth. Since there is no need to create a vacuum cushion for the greatest fit, most of the gum remains exposed. Diction is not disturbed, and the plastic in the mouth does not distort the taste impressions.
The metal construction does not wear out or deform. Neither blows nor constant pressure lead to premature demolition of the prosthesis.
If necessary, artificial teeth can be easily replaced without affecting the beam structure.

Flaws

Inability to use some popular luxury materials for prosthetics (for example, ceramics).
The need for pre-installation of the beam structure.

The impossibility of installing prostheses on severely weakened, atrophied gums.

It is rational to carry out by installing a structure of the alveolar processes of the jaws adapted to the anatomical individual features, a prosthesis made of a metal base covered with a layer of ceramic mass. Fixed dentures in the absence of teeth mounted on implants (minimum 4 supports). Due to the use of ceramic, it is indistinguishable from real teeth, both aesthetically and in terms of mouthfeel.

With complete adentia, the absence of a significant part of the gum is characteristic. This drawback is compensated by a special ceramic part of the prosthesis, painted to match the soft tissues of the patient's jaw. It should be noted that fixed dentures in the complete absence of teeth can be installed even with insufficient thickness of the jaw bone as a result of the use of Swiss dental implants from Straumann. In this way, implantation in the upper jaw in the complete absence of teeth can be performed with a minimum number of dental implants.

Advantages

The maximum degree of comfort. Artificial teeth can handle any load and feel like your own dentition.
Gums and palatal tissues are not covered by plastic or other design features. The prosthesis has the most natural appearance and prevents further deformation of the oral cavity.
Ideal fixed dentures in the complete absence of teeth: the optimal balance of strength and aesthetic qualities. After installation, it will not be necessary to replace the prosthesis for a long time.
Restoration of all lost functions: perfect diction, normal distribution of masticatory load. Thanks to the use of ceramics, taste sensations are not distorted.
Caring for a ceramic-metal prosthesis is as simple and convenient as caring for real teeth.

Flaws

Implants are placed only on relatively healthy gums. If the bone has thinned and the soft tissues have atrophied, it will not work to put a fixed prosthesis.
An expensive procedure for installing implants and manufacturing a prosthesis that ideally matches the patient's jaw characteristics.
If the design was chosen incorrectly, it will be more difficult to replace it than a conventional removable denture.

In some cases, the metal base can lead to oxidation and allergic reactions of the soft tissues of the gums.

Ordinary fixed dentures from metal-ceramic in the complete absence of teeth, they differ in weight compared to lamellar prostheses, because metal alloys are used in their design. Artificial teeth made of zirconium are a pleasant exception: their weight is extremely small. At the same time, the strength is not only not inferior to classical solutions, but even surpasses them.

The structure of zirconium allows you to simulate the natural density of the tooth. Complete dental prosthetics with zirconium crowns fixed on implants allows the patient to forget for a long time that he once suffered from complete adentia. Full dental implants in the absence of teeth in the jaw, it creates conditions for prosthetics with zirconium dioxide crowns based on implants with the effect of a “Hollywood smile”.

Advantages

Full sensation of the presence of natural teeth in the mouth. Zirconium prostheses correspond to the "original" in everything: weight, structure, performance characteristics.
The material perfectly combines with gum tissues: it does not cause irritation and allergic reactions, it fully distributes the load during chewing. The prosthesis stops the process of atrophy of the jaw tissues.
Models of teeth can be made in the shortest possible time, so that buying and wearing a temporary prosthesis can be avoided.
Zirconium teeth are strong, do not chip, calmly react to shocks and sudden temperature changes.
With proper care, the prosthesis lasts a lifetime. The average life expectancy of zirconium teeth that receive irregular care is from 15 to 20 years.
Teeth do not absorb odors and are not subject to color changes. Throughout the entire service life, the prosthesis will not lose its external attractiveness.

Flaws

Since the cost of the material is somewhat higher, the cost for full dentures will also be above average.

Zirconium can only be installed on implants. This type of prosthesis is not suitable for patients with chronic inflammation of the jaw or complete atrophy of the gums.

4. Visit after, on average, 1 week (fitting) on average 0.5 - 1.0 hour:

sample design;
occlusion adjustment.

5. Visit in 2-3 days, (delivery of construction) on average, 1.0 hour:

fixation of the structure on implants.

The price of dental prosthetics in the complete absence of teeth

Dental prosthetics in the complete absence of teeth, price which does not always please the patient - this is a very difficult issue when planning this type of orthopedic treatment.

In many cases, patients choose a complete removable denture, the price of which is significantly less than if it were carried out. full dental implantation cost which can be alarming in some cases. In the same time, full dental implants and prices on its implementation can have a significant range. If you are spending full dentures, types and prices on dental implants and crowns will be directly dependent on their quality and quantity, which is necessary in each specific clinical case.

Complete prosthetics of the upper and lower jaw and price for its implementation depends on the chosen technology of prosthetics. At the same time, when choosing a specific technology for both implantation and prosthetics on implants, there may also be a difference in price. For example, for if evaluated full cost of prosthetics all on 4, here the main factor affecting pricing will be the type of implantation system.

Complete prosthetics of the upper and lower jaw, price which will be low based on either standard prosthetics with a plastic removable laminar prosthesis or a combination of budget-class implants and a clasp prosthesis.

Anyway dental prosthetics in the complete absence of teeth, price which refers to the level of the budget class, is mainly suitable for patients with a well-preserved contour of the alveolar process and sufficient thickness of the jaw bone. These are the main conditions for good fixation of a standard removable denture and high-quality implantation with most types of dental implants.

Terms like complete absence of teeth and prosthetics, and prices are always discussed when planning future orthopedic treatment. It is always possible to determine the optimal type of complex dental treatment both in terms of quality and payment.

So, for example, in DentaLand partner clinics, you can undergo implantation and prosthetics with metal-ceramic crowns based on implants with complete loss of teeth for an average of 450,000 ₽. A removable prosthesis in our clinics costs, on average, 30,000 ₽.