An allergic rash in a child is one of the most common types of reactions to an allergen from the immune system and skin. Such a rash in clinical practice is called allergic urticaria or urticaria (from the Latin urtica - nettle). A characteristic clinical symptom of an allergic rash is papules localized in certain areas or spread throughout the body. The rash looks like painless but itchy erythematous blisters, which in children are most often triggered by food allergens.

Factors that provoke allergies, the causes of an allergic rash in a child are combined into the following groups:

• medicinal allergens.
• food allergens.
• Physical factors (sun, overheating, cold).
• Chemical factors (household chemicals, washing powders, and so on).

Infants are most commonly affected by food allergies, which are skin manifestations; older children may suffer from drug allergies, hay fever, or a rash caused by ultraviolet radiation (the sun).

Among the most allergenic foods are all kinds of citrus fruits, seafood, chocolate, cocoa, strawberries, and intolerance to milk protein can also cause an allergic rash.

Causes of an allergic rash in a child

Type of allergy	Allergens
	Milk protein, dairy products, formulas Fruits, especially citrus Vegetables (red, yellow, orange skin, flesh) Sea fish, seafood Cereal wheat products Poultry meat (chicken) nuts Products containing preservatives, dyes, flavors
Medical	Preparations of the penicillin group Sulfanilamide group drugs B vitamins NSAIDs - non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs Anticonvulsants Preparations for X-ray diagnostics (contrast agents)
Aeroallergy	household dust Household chemicals in aerosol form Animal fur Pollen

According to children's allergists, food allergens, especially dairy products, sea fish, and eggs, that is, those that contain protein, are in the lead in the list of "provocateurs" of an allergic rash in children. These factors cause an indirect reaction, which involves antibodies of the IgE class of immunoglobulins. Allergens of fruits and vegetables of orange, red color cause a direct release of histamine, without the involvement of IgE.

Allergic urticaria in an acute form, provoked by aerofactors (household chemicals, pollen), most often occurs in children older than 3 years and is a symptom of polyvalent cross-allergy.

Symptoms of an allergic rash in a child

The main signs of allergic rashes in children are as follows:

• Erythema (redness) of certain areas of the skin.
• There may be slight swelling at the site of the rash.
• Small papules - vesicles.
• Itching, sometimes very severe.
• Irritability, tearfulness.
• If the papules burst, erosive wounds filled with exudate may appear.
• With food allergies, localization on the skin of the face (cheeks), buttocks, calves, less often on the forearms.

Symptoms of an allergic rash in a child depend on the form of the underlying disease - allergies, which can be chronic or acute.

1. An acute form of allergy most often develops as a reaction to a food allergen or drug factor. An allergic rash looks like papules, less often large blisters localized on the skin of the face, forearms. Bubble formations are painted in pink, soft color, cause characteristic itching and irritation. The acute form of allergy manifests itself mainly on the upper half of the child's body, and the rash can also be located in large folds (inguinal). The child is naughty, begins to comb itchy skin, loses appetite, sleeps poorly. Against the background of general irritability, vomiting, dyspeptic manifestations are possible.
2. If the allergy shows symptoms for a long time, and the rash does not go away after 4-6 weeks, such rashes are diagnosed as chronic allergic rashes. Its symptoms are similar to acute manifestations of allergies, however, they cause more aggravated manifestations from the nervous system - insomnia, nervousness, irritability, weight loss due to refusal of food.

Symptoms of an allergic rash can also manifest in the form of angioedema (Quincke), which is considered the most dangerous and is characterized by the rapid development of the following symptoms:

• Tingling sensation in the tongue, lips or palate.
• Pain, colic or cramps in the abdomen.
• Erythematous rash, usually on the face.
• The rash on the face spreads rapidly and is accompanied by developing swelling.
• The eyelids and mucous membrane of the mouth swell literally before our eyes.
• Possible conjunctivitis.
• The edema may spread (migrate) to the nasopharynx and cause difficulty in breathing.
• The skin of the face acquires a characteristic bluish hue (cyanosis).
• Angioedema poses a serious threat to life and requires immediate medical attention to avoid serious complications.

Allergic rash in a baby

The most common symptom of food allergy in formula-fed newborns is hives, often referred to as diathesis. In fact, the diagnosis of "diathesis" does not exist, this word means a predisposition, a tendency to any disease. An allergic rash in an infant is a variant of transient, non-pathological dermatitis, when the baby's skin reacts to the invasion of an antigenic substance. There are three ways in which an allergen is introduced into an unprepared, unadapted child's body:

• During feeding, that is, a food allergen.
• During skin contact, it is a contact allergen.
• During breathing - aeroallergen (inhalation allergen) or respiratory route.

Allergies in babies up to a year are most often provoked by a food factor. If the child is breastfed, he may experience similar problems in cases where the mother does not follow a hypoallergenic diet. A child receiving artificial mixtures reacts to cow's milk protein, too early or ill-conceived complementary foods from the point of view of nutrition.

An allergic rash in an infant is now an extremely common occurrence; according to statistics, up to 45% of babies under the age of one and a half years suffer from it. In the etiology of food allergy in newborns, the hereditary factor plays an important role:

• if mom and dad are allergic, the likelihood of an allergy in their child is up to 65%.
• if one of the parents is allergic, the risk of developing an allergic reaction reaches 40%.

In addition, intrauterine congenital pathology (hypoxia), diseases suffered by the mother during pregnancy can also become the cause of an allergic rash.

Physiologically, the allergic reaction is explained by the insufficient formation of the baby's digestive tract and the low activity of the production of protective antibodies - Ig A. Thus, local protection of the mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract with the help of immune antibodies is practically absent, and allergic substances quite easily penetrate into the bloodstream, overcoming the intestinal barrier.

How does an allergic rash appear in an infant?

The skin of the child is the first to react to the allergen:

• Redness of the cheeks, rarely of the forehead or neck.
• Diffuse or localized rash, often beginning on the face. Migration of the rash to the forearms, buttocks and calves of the legs is possible.
• Roughness, peeling of the skin of the face.
• Permanent diaper rash, not related to objective hygienic reasons.

The most serious and threatening manifestation of an allergy in a baby is angioedema or Quincke's edema, which develops very quickly and requires immediate action to stop it. Signs of angioedema in newborns are very specific:

• The child suddenly begins to act up, cry.
• Small papules (rash) appear on the skin of the face.
• The baby's voice becomes hoarse, interrupted.
• Shortness of breath appears, interruption of breathing is possible.
• The child quickly develops laryngeal edema.
• The face is painted in a characteristic bluish hue (cyanosis), then becomes sharply pale.

At the slightest alarming symptoms that a caring mother notices in her baby, you need to see a doctor. The choice of diagnostic method and therapeutic actions is the prerogative of the attending pediatrician or allergist; parents are required to strictly follow medical recommendations.

What to do so that an allergic rash in an infant goes away and does not recur?

• The introduction of complementary foods must be agreed with the pediatrician, nutritionist, especially if there is a risk of developing allergies due to a hereditary factor.
• The first complementary foods should be hypoallergenic even for those babies who have not previously shown allergy symptoms.
• Whole cow's milk, eggs and dishes containing them, wheat cereals, citrus fruits, nuts - these are the foods that are best not given to a child under one and a half years old.
• A breastfeeding mother should follow a special hypoallergenic diet.
• A baby who has intermittent constipation may respond to stool retention with an allergic rash. Therefore, the child needs to adjust the timely emptying of the digestive tract.
• For hygienic purposes, baby skin care, it is necessary to use only hypoallergenic, special cosmetics that do not contain perfumes, flavors, dyes.
• An allergic contact rash can be triggered by chlorinated bathing water, so it is best to bathe your baby in dechlorinated or boiled water at the right temperature.
• Allergies can be caused by clothes, bedding made of synthetic materials, this factor should be excluded.
• Heat allergies can be triggered by overheating and wearing too warm clothes. The baby should not be excessively wrapped up, since the body temperature in newborns is higher than the normal temperature of an adult, and heat transfer mechanisms are arranged differently.
• It is necessary to exclude or minimize the contact of the child with pets, on the wool of which an allergy in the form of a rash can develop.

An allergic rash in an infant is usually a transient phenomenon. The baby is growing, and all the metabolic and protective functions of the digestive tract, liver, and immune system are also developing and improving. With age, almost all the symptoms of food allergies disappear if antiallergic measures were taken in a timely manner and in full. According to statistics, only 1-1.5% of children remain allergic in adulthood, most of them have a hereditary predisposition to allergies.

Diagnosis of an allergic rash in a child

The main clinical sign that makes it possible to differentiate an allergic rash from an infectious rash is the relatively normal general condition of the baby. With all nervous manifestations - whims, irritability associated with itchy skin, the child's appetite remains at the same level, body temperature, as a rule, does not rise.

Diagnosis of an allergic rash in a child involves the following actions:

• Collecting a thorough history, including allergic and family history, to exclude a possible hereditary factor.
• To confirm allergic urticaria, it is necessary to exclude other allergic, infectious, inflammatory diseases, which also have a relationship with IgE immunoglobulin.
• A detailed analysis of the path of penetration of the allergen is carried out, all possible causes are clarified, among which there may be household, contact factors.
• As a diagnostic and at the same time therapeutic measure, the supposed allergic factor is eliminated. If there is information about provocative food, all dishes containing the allergen are excluded, if the contact path of allergy development is suspected, dust, wool, synthetic detergents, cosmetics, linen are eliminated.
• If the disease proceeds in an acute form, the diagnosis of an allergic rash in a child involves laboratory blood tests to determine IgE in the blood serum.
• After the symptoms subside, usually after 1.5-2 months, it is possible to conduct skin tests, tests (scarification, prick tests, application tests) in order to more accurately determine the nature of sensitization and identify the allergen.
• A sign of an allergic rash, urticaria in the diagnostic sense is an increased level of T-lymphocytes, CEC (circulating immunocomplexes), a decrease in IgA titers, and an increase in interleukin.

Diagnosis of allergic skin rashes in babies is carried out taking into account all the features of the state of health, the collected history and clinical symptoms of the disease.

Treatment of an allergic rash in a child

Therapeutic actions against allergic rashes are the standard treatment regimen for allergies, including food, contact or drug allergies.

1. Immediate elimination of the alleged precipitating factor. Food liberators (provocateurs) of histamine can be dairy products, eggs, fruits or vegetables, as well as foods containing vasoactive amines - sausages and other sausages, liver (pork), herring, tomatoes, hard cheese, smoked meats and pickled dishes.
2. Antihistamines for the treatment of rashes should be recommended by a pediatrician. As a rule, H1-blockers are prescribed in a dosage and form corresponding to the age of the child. If the symptoms develop quickly and become threatening (angioedema), the doctor may apply glucocorticosteroids.
3. As an ambulance for a baby that does not require a prescription, Fenistil gel (used from 2 months), Bepanten, which softens the skin and relieves itching, or a simple baby cream, is suitable. Infusions and decoctions of medicinal herbs should be used only on the advice of a pediatrician, since many herbal remedies are allergens.
4. A mandatory step in the treatment of an allergic rash is a diet that excludes provocative foods. A hypoallergenic diet should be followed for 3 months even if symptoms subside. Further, products from the risk group are included in the menu with the utmost care in microdoses so as not to provoke a recurrence of an allergic rash.

In the room where the child is located, a certain sanitary and hygienic regime must be observed:

• repeated wet cleaning,
• ventilation,
• daily change of linen, clothes,
• it is necessary to exclude all provoking agents from the category of household chemicals.

Treatment of an allergic rash in a child involves long-term monitoring by the attending physician or allergist. Dispensary registration is not needed, however, monitoring of the baby's condition is carried out within six months after stopping the first allergic manifestations.

Prevention of an allergic rash in a child

Preventive measures to prevent allergies in babies, according to the apt expression of pediatricians, should be started a year, and preferably two, before the birth of a child. This means that the expectant mother, just like the father, must monitor their health so that their baby is born healthy and does not suffer from allergies.

A pregnant woman should be aware of the hypoallergenic diet and the possible risks when taking various medications.

• A nursing mother is the first potential source of a food allergy in a baby, even the minimum dose of a food liberator (allergy provocateur) eaten by a mother will cause a reaction in an infant. Nuts, chocolate, sea fish, citrus fruits, eggs, smoked meats and canned foods may be palatable, but they are also the main culprits of food allergies and rashes in a breastfed baby.
• Children who develop intolerance to milk protein should receive hypoallergenic mixtures and follow a diet up to 2 and sometimes 3 years.
• Children with a burdened hereditary allergic history should receive complementary foods according to a special, individual scheme that takes into account all possible risks.
• If an allergic rash appears, and it was possible to stop it in time, in order to exclude relapses, parents should keep a special food diary. In these records, the slightest alarming reactions to food or new complementary foods are noted. Thus, the diary is an opportunity to warn in time, or stop the development of allergies.
• A child prone to allergic rashes should not come into contact with animal hair, inhaled allergens - pollen, aerosols, household dust.
• The vaccination schedule for an allergic child differs from the vaccination schedule for a healthy child. Vaccinations should be carried out taking into account the allergic history.
• Clothing, underwear of the child must be made of natural materials. Also from the environment of the baby it is necessary to exclude toys made of latex, plastics without marks "hypoallergenic" and so on.

Prevention of an allergic rash in a child is the observance of medical recommendations and the use of only pharmaceutical preparations, both internal and external. Self-medication, experiments with the treatment of an allergic rash in a baby can lead to serious complications.

allergic rash

How quickly do the symptoms of an allergic rash go away?

Skin, allergic rashes appear after contact of the dermis with an external irritant or the use of certain foods. The histamine reaction is accompanied by redness, swelling of the tissues, severe itching and the formation of small blisters.

Treatment of the disease is carried out with ointments for external use, antihistamines and healing agents. After how many days an allergic rash passes, it depends on the degree of skin damage, the presence of complications and the duration of contact with the irritant.

How long do pimples go away with food allergies

Most often, young children suffer from this type of disease, this is due to a hereditary predisposition, an unformed immune system and insufficiency of the digestive tract.

Rashes are formed on the skin of the face, in the oral cavity or throughout the body. The mucous membranes are very swollen, redden, cause pain and burning. To alleviate the condition, patients need to take antihistamines, this will help to quickly reduce swelling, relieve soft tissue spasm.

The blisters will go away in 3-5 days if the allergen is eliminated from the diet. During this period, the irritating component is completely removed from the body. Enterosorbents and antioxidants help speed up the process and reduce rashes.

Recovery is delayed if there are concomitant diseases of the digestive tract, when combing pimples, inflammation and suppuration of soft tissues. In such cases, the use of anti-inflammatory ointments is required, regeneration lasts up to 2-4 weeks.

Skin rashes with hives

Pathology proceeds in an acute or chronic form, it depends on how long the clinical manifestations of the disease persist. In an acute course, the rash appears immediately after contact with the allergen and lasts for 2-48 hours. In rare cases, signs of pathology are observed up to 6 weeks. The use of drugs accelerates recovery, redness and swelling subside within 1 day, the skin is cleared in 14 days.

How long does chronic urticaria last in children and adults? Symptoms of the recurrent form of the disease persist for longer than 1.5 months. With the right treatment, the rash begins to go away as early as the first week of antihistamine therapy. However, re-rash and resumption of an acute course are not excluded in the presence of adverse factors.

Cold and heat urticaria develops under the influence of thermal stimuli. The disease is characterized by seasonal exacerbations, a rash on the skin appears after exposure to sunlight or frosty air. It is impossible to get rid of allergies, protective creams, therapeutic ointments, moisturizing gels help to reduce the manifestations of pathology. Therefore, the duration of the rash directly depends on the observance of preventive measures and the ambient air temperature.

Duration of contact dermatitis treatment

The reason for the development of contact dermatitis is the direct effect of allergens on the skin. On the affected area, there is redness, swelling, the formation of weeping, itchy blisters. Treatment begins with the exclusion of external stimuli, taking antihistamines, applying ointments with corticosteroids.

How quickly does a rash with contact dermatitis in a child and an adult pass? The use of hormonal drugs speeds up recovery. Skin manifestations can last for several hours or 1-2 weeks, after which they begin to dry out, form crusts.

Intense itching of the skin can lead to scratching of the elements, introducing a bacterial infection. Such complications are often diagnosed in a child due to weak immunity or poor hygiene. Pustules heal longer, can turn into erosion, ulcers. Babies are prescribed antibiotics, vitamins, immunomodulators. The rashes completely disappear in 1 month.

allergic eczema

How long does inflamed skin eczema last? Since the cause of the formation of pathology is not only an external factor, but also a violation of the nervous system, treatment is carried out with antihistamines and sedatives.

Eczema lasts quite a long time, skin cleansing occurs only after 30-40 days.

In children, pathology against the background of atopic dermatitis can persist permanently, proceed in waves and disappear with the onset of puberty. Treatment only temporarily relieves the symptoms of the disease.

Therapy for microbial eczema lasts at least 1 month, includes antibiotics, desensitizing agents, antihistamines, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, hormonal ointments, antiseptics for external use.

Seborrheic eczema develops against the background of concomitant diseases, so the duration of treatment will depend on how quickly it is possible to eliminate the underlying ailment and increase the body's immune defenses.

Skin rash due to inhalation allergy

A person can inhale allergens along with the air, the irritant is dust, mold, animal hair or pollen from flowering plants. The components enter the lungs, then are absorbed into the systemic circulation, causing the development of a histamine reaction, the formation of an itchy rash, the appearance of rhinitis, lacrimation, dry cough and sneezing.

Inhalation allergies are most often seasonal, so skin manifestations usually persist until the flowering period passes or the person moves to an area with cleaner air. In case of a pronounced reaction to particles of pet hair, pets should not be kept in the apartment and close contact with them.

In order for the blisters to pass faster, patients drink antiallergic drugs, use nose drops, healing, antipruritic ointments, sprays to irrigate the larynx.

Prevention of allergic rash

It is possible to prevent the appearance of skin rashes in people with allergies by completely eliminating contact with the allergen. If the disease worsens after eating certain foods, you should carefully monitor your diet, follow a special diet.

In the case when a person does not know the true cause of the development of a histamine reaction, laboratory tests are prescribed to determine the allergen. It is possible to vaccinate during remission so that exacerbations are mild or the pathology is completely gone.

So that the elements of the rash do not become inflamed and do not fester, pimples should not be combed. It is important to follow the doctor's recommendations, hygiene rules, use prescribed medicines, lead a healthy lifestyle and strengthen the immune system.

How many days does an allergy in a child go away?

The duration of the rash

How to recognize an allergy?

How long does an allergy last in a baby?

Only once in this world, a newborn has a weak and not fully formed body, the work of which can be adversely affected by many external factors. Some babies have strong immunity from birth, but most have to face various difficulties until their immunity is strengthened. One of the most common problems for babies under one year old is allergies.

An allergic reaction in newborns can occur on pet hair, pollen, chemical components of cleaning products, baby hygiene products (shampoos, gels), components of baby creams, lotions, powders, perfumes and cosmetics for mothers, etc. But in 95% of cases, allergies in newborns appear due to food.

If the baby is breastfed, then allergens may be in the food that the mother consumes. If he is already on complementary foods, then a negative reaction in the body may occur due to the components of the food that is given to the child.

A nursing mother needs a lot of useful vitamins and minerals. Her body should receive enough poultry meat, fish, dairy products, fruits, vegetables. But it is worth minimizing consumption or even better to abandon fruits and vegetables of bright orange and red color (beets, citrus fruits, tomatoes, strawberries, etc.), fish caviar, nuts, chocolate, foods with preservatives, dyes and high sugar content.

If the child is formula-fed, then cow's milk protein in the mixture can act as an allergen. In this case, it is necessary to replace the mixture with a special hypoallergenic one.

Allergies during complementary feeding can be the result of both the wrong dose of the product and its individual intolerance. So the allergen must be excluded from the child's diet, and after a while try to introduce it again in a small dose, carefully observing the reaction of the child's body.

1. Red spots on the skin.
2. Intertrigo in the groin.
3. Peeling.
4. Puffiness
5. Spitting up, vomiting.
6. Diarrhea or constipation.
7. Quincke's edema.
8. Bronchospasm.

Allergy treatment

Allergy Prevention

How many days does the allergy go away?

When the first suspicions of an allergy appear, many parents wonder how long the allergy goes through, because the baby suffers from various unpleasant symptoms. And not only the parents of the child think about it. Every person who has fallen into such a situation is interested in how quickly the rash will pass, how to speed up the elimination of an allergic reaction.

What determines the duration of an allergy?

Allergy is an absolutely unpredictable phenomenon in the body. It can last from several hours or days to several months. And it is impossible to predict this, even with the use of laboratory research, since each organism in its own way responds to the allergen and fights it.

In general, the reaction of the body to various factors that can cause allergies depends on the state of the human immune system. If the body has enough strength, then the allergy may not start. This is due to the appearance of antibodies in the blood. The allergen enters the human body through the skin, respiratory system or digestive tract. Further, its particles are absorbed into the blood. From this moment, the identification of the allergen by the body begins. The immune system distinguishes a foreign object in the blood and begins to produce a large number of antibodies that will track the elements of the allergen and destroy them. While this process lasts, a person experiences external allergic reactions, which can only go away when the amount of allergen in the blood runs out. Then the allergic reaction goes away on its own. However, this process can take a long time until the person is isolated from the factor that is the allergen. This is what determines how long a person will be susceptible to allergies.

It is not possible to explain why a particular person is allergic to a particular factor. Research in this area has not brought any positive results. One of the reasons that the body begins to reject any allergen is heredity, that is, a tendency to allergies can be transmitted from parents to children. However, this does not always happen. Very often, parents do not have allergies, but the child does.

At the same time, there are a large number of allergens that can cause an adverse reaction of the body: dust, fluff, feathers, wool, pollen, food, household chemicals, drugs, and so on. So guessing if a child has an allergy is initially very difficult.

In addition, the duration of an allergic reaction depends on how severe the pathological changes caused by the allergens that have entered the body are. The easier the complications and symptoms are, the faster the allergy will pass.

By the way, in infants, allergies can be caused not by external stimuli, but by internal ones, since the baby’s mother can eat any product that will later cause a violent reaction in the child’s body. In this case, a woman during lactation should review her diet and identify foods that could become unsafe for the baby. In addition, it is necessary to cleanse the body with the help of sorbents and exclude dangerous products. It is better to give preference to cereals, vegetables and fruits for a while. And the child must be shown to the pediatrician so that the doctor checks the state of his health.

How long does an allergic reaction last?

An allergic reaction of the body is an unpredictable phenomenon, since it is very difficult to track at what stage the opposition of immunity with antibodies to allergens in the blood is. All these processes depend on many factors. But you can be sure that once the allergen is eliminated, the allergic reaction will subside.

In general, the disease lasts from a couple of hours to several weeks. In severe cases, the disease lasts for several months, after which there is a risk that it develops into a chronic form with temporary seasonal exacerbations, which most often occur in autumn and spring. A month and a half is considered the norm.

But in children, most often the body is much weaker than in adults, and their allergic reaction can last a longer time, even if all the recommendations given by the pediatrician and the allergist are followed. If the child's allergy did not go away when receiving the necessary treatment for three months, then most likely he has a chronic form of the disease.

The situation in this case is quite different. In chronic allergies, you can only influence the symptoms, trying to alleviate them. But even with drug treatment, it is impossible to accurately predict how quickly the allergy will pass. In addition, even if the disease has passed, it may again occur in the near future due to new contact with the allergen. Sometimes situations arise that this allergy never goes away, and a person has to fight it all his life.

Although a new method has now been developed that allows you to cope with the disease. The allergen is introduced into the body in small doses. Such procedures must be carried out for a long time, while the doses must be increased. So the body gets used to the allergen, and the immune system ceases to consider it a foreign element and reject it. So more allergies will not torment a person.

There is another explanation for the fact that allergies do not go away for a long time. Perhaps the allergen was identified incorrectly, and new attempts did not give the desired result. By the way, it is necessary to conduct a skin test and donate blood for analysis to determine the presence of an allergy and identify an allergen only when a person is healthy. Otherwise, all attempts will fail. In addition, such tests can only be done after reaching the age of 5 - 6 years. If you do tests earlier, then the data is distorted. In addition, over time, allergies can go away.

How can you speed up the recovery process of the body after an allergy?

Nobody likes allergies. It interferes with normal human life. In addition, it is not known how long the allergy will last. However, a large number of drugs have now been developed for this disease.

First, the patient must take general antihistamines. They will help to cope with inflammatory processes in the body. Secondly, drugs with local action are needed that eliminate the symptoms of the disease. In addition, you can resort to aromatherapy and traditional medicine recipes. But it is best to take preventive actions that will prevent the development of unwanted symptoms.

Allergies are an unpleasant disease that can go away very quickly, and can last several weeks or even months until it develops into a chronic form.

It is best not to wait until this time, but to start treating the symptoms. But for this you will need to find out which factor is the allergen. For treatment and prevention, you must consult an allergist. It will help identify the substance that caused the allergy, as well as select an effective treatment. But keep in mind that allergies in children with age can pass.

What an allergy looks like on a child's skin: types and symptoms with a photo, treatment and prevention of allergic reactions

In the last decade, the number of children suffering from allergies has increased significantly. Toddlers react to food, environment and other factors. Pathology most often manifests itself on the skin. As the baby grows, the symptoms also change. Gradually, the respiratory tract is exposed to the main blow, which can adversely affect overall health.

What types of allergies do children have, and why does pathology occur? What is the problem for the baby, and what consequences can it lead to? How to treat an allergic reaction at different ages? What prevention will be the most effective? Let's figure it out together.

Causes of the disease

The response of the immune system to the stimulus occurs for many reasons. It is impossible to 100% determine the factors that caused the allergy, but there is a list of the most possible causes.

Symptoms and signs may be blurry and indistinct. Without a full examination, it is not always possible to immediately diagnose the disease.

The response appears not only on the skin, the respiratory system, gastrointestinal tract, and mucous membranes are involved. The rash may be accompanied by coughing, runny nose, sneezing, nausea, vomiting, swelling of the tongue, or other symptoms.

Characteristic signs on the skin:

• burning, itching, pain;
• redness of the skin;
• dryness, peeling;
• tissue swelling;
• rash (vesicles, blisters, nodular seals, vesicles, etc.).

All parts of the body are affected by the rash, especially the face, scalp, neck, limbs, buttocks, and abdomen. Visible symptoms appear some time after contact with the irritant.

Varieties of allergic reactions in children by type of origin

An allergy is a response of the immune system to an external or internal irritant, to which the immune system is hypersensitive. Pathology has many types and forms.

Food allergies often occur to red berries.

Classification by type of origin:

1. Food. It often affects children in the first year of life. It often goes away on its own. However, some people are allergic to certain foods forever. Allergens can be: red berries, fruits and vegetables, citrus fruits, legumes, nuts, milk, seafood.
2. Aeroallergy. It occurs due to the inhalation of an irritant that enters the lungs and settles on the mucous membrane of the nasopharynx.
3. For pets. The opinion that wool is the main allergen is erroneous. Children react negatively to animal proteins contained in saliva and toxic substances excreted in the urine. In addition, dogs bring dirt from the street, and with it bacteria and fungi.
4. For medicine. It appears at a younger age, less often in adolescence. Antibiotics (especially penicillin), anesthetics, and some vitamins have a negative effect.
5. For house dust. Dust mites are microscopic, easily inhaled and often cause a negative immune response.
6. For chemicals. This includes cleaning products, harsh chemicals, air fresheners, or man-made synthetic fibers (poor quality clothing, soft toys).
7. on natural factors. These can be bee, wasp, mosquito or bumblebee stings. Touching some plants leads to burns. In some cases, there is an allergy to the cold or the sun.
8. Pollinosis. A seasonal phenomenon, when a high concentration of pollen from flowering plants is concentrated in the air. The problem affects both adults and children.

Seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis

Types of allergies according to the nature of the rashes

Outwardly, allergies manifest themselves in different ways, which can be seen by looking at the photos of patients with a description. The same type of problem may differ in different children, for example, food allergies cause both urticaria and Quincke's edema (depending on the level of immunity sensitivity).

The most common types of disease according to the nature of the rash on the skin:

contract dermatitis

Contact dermatitis is a disease that affects the upper layers of the skin (epidermis). It appears as a result of exposure to the immune system and the body as a whole of an irritating allergen. Infants, one-year-old babies and older children are susceptible to pathologies.

Contract dermatitis most commonly affects the arms, legs, back, and neck (very rare on the face)

Contact dermatitis is common in young children because the immune system is not fully developed. It can appear for any, even insignificant reason. The environment plays an important role. Dirt in the house, irregular personal hygiene at times increases the chances of the disease.

• skin redness, swelling;
• the appearance of keratinized areas prone to severe peeling;
• painful vesicles filled with clear fluid or pus
• burning, itching (sometimes the pain is almost unbearable).

An unpleasant rash usually affects places where clothing is always attached (legs, arms, back, neck). Less often it appears on the face.

Atopic dermatitis

Atopic dermatitis is an acute reaction of the skin to an irritant or toxin, which is characterized by an inflammatory process. The disease is difficult to treat, prone to relapse and transition to a chronic form.

Depending on the age group of the patient, the pathology is characterized by different localization of foci of inflammation: in children under 1 year old, this is the face, folds of the arms and legs; starting from the age of 3, rashes often appear in the folds of the skin, on the feet or palms.

Atopic dermatitis on the face of a child

The seborrheic type (not to be confused with seborrhea) covers the scalp. Atopy may appear on the genitals or mucous membranes (GI tract, nasopharynx).

• significant swelling;
• redness;
• peeling;
• rash of nodular type, filled with exudate;
• burning, itching and pain;
• dryness and cracks in the skin;
• the formation of crusts that leave deep scars.

Food allergies are one of the most common causes of illness. However, pets, dust or unsuitable hygiene products also often provoke dermatitis.

Pediatricians note that pathology rarely occurs on its own. In the complex, the child has gastrointestinal diseases or other systemic disorders.

Eczema is an inflammatory process of the upper layers of the skin. It is chronic with periodic remissions and relapses, often develops in parallel with atopic dermatitis.

baby eczema

The main source of the problem is an allergic reaction, especially if the baby has a genetic predisposition. Eczema appears under the influence of several factors - allergies and disorders in the body (immune system, gastrointestinal tract).

• redness;
• severe itching and burning;
• many small vesicles that gradually merge into one continuous focus of inflammation;
• after their opening, an ulcerative focus appears, exudate is released;
• when healing, the wounds are covered with crusts.

Hives

Urticaria is a dermatological disease of allergic origin. At an early age it is characterized by acute short-term attacks, over time it becomes chronic.

Urticaria all over the body in a child

The disease looks like a lot of blisters that differ in shape and size. Their color varies from transparent to bright red. Each blister is surrounded by a swollen border. The rash is very itchy, as a result of which the blisters burst or merge into continuous erosion.

Skin pathology, which is neuro-allergic in nature. The disease manifests itself after 2 years. Frequent diathesis can serve as a prerequisite. It is distinguished by a long course, when acute relapses are replaced by periods of relative rest.

Neurodermatitis looks like a cluster of small light pink nodules. When combing, they can connect. The skin becomes red without outlined borders. Scales, seals, hyperpigmentation appear.

Quincke's edema

Quincke's edema is a sudden acute reaction of the body to natural or chemical factors, most often caused by allergies. This is a serious pathology that requires urgent first aid and a full medical examination.

Quincke's edema

Angioedema is characterized by a significant increase in the soft tissues of the face (lips, cheeks, eyelids), neck, hands and feet or mucous membranes (swelling of the pharynx is very dangerous). The swelling can last from several minutes to several days. Swelling in the mouth makes speech difficult and interferes with normal eating. There is no burning or itching. Touching the swelling does not cause pain.

Lyell's syndrome

Lyell's syndrome is a very serious and severe disease that is characterized by an allergic origin. It is accompanied by a strong deterioration in the general condition of the patient, damage to the entire skin and mucous membranes. Outwardly, the disease resembles second-degree burns. The body becomes blistered, swollen and inflamed.

Usually, such a reaction occurs after taking allergen medications. At the first symptoms, you should consult a doctor, which will increase the chances of recovery. Forecasts for a cure are disappointing (in 30% of cases, a fatal outcome occurs). Fortunately, Lyell's syndrome only covers 0.3% of all allergic drug reactions. After anaphylactic shock, it ranks second in terms of danger to the patient's life.

Allergy diagnostics

After the examination, a qualified specialist will prescribe a series of studies that will help to accurately identify allergens. At the initial appointment, parents must provide:

• how the baby eats (what he ate recently before the rash appeared);
• mothers of infants - about their diet and introduced complementary foods;
• Are there any allergies in the family?
• whether pets live;
• what plants prevail near the house, etc.

1. blood test for immunoglobulin;
2. allergic tests (skin, application, provocative);
3. general detailed blood test.

To determine the etiology of an allergic rash, a complete blood count is required.

Treatment with medication

Proper treatment of allergies is essential, it will save you from complications and further health problems. It is important to protect the child from allergens - irritants and conduct drug therapy. The course of treatment is different for patients of different age categories. Antihistamines and topical skin treatment remain common. Drugs are prescribed exclusively by a specialist.

Therapy for newborns

Some doctors deny congenital allergies as an independent pathology. It arises through the fault of the mother, often unintentionally. This leads to the use of allergens in food, bad habits, past diseases. In addition, allergies can appear already in the first days or months of life.

First of all, a nursing mother should review her diet, eliminating all possible allergens. Infants on artificial feeding are selected hypoallergenic or lactose-free mixture.

In the acute course of the disease, children under 1 year of age are shown antihistamines:

• Fenistil drops (contraindicated up to 1 month);
• drops of Tsetrin (from six months);
• drops Zyrtec (from six months).

With a rash, local treatment is prescribed (smear 2 times a day):

• Fenistil gel (relieves itching, soothes the skin);
• Bepanten (moisturizes, improves tissue regeneration);
• Weleda (German cream containing natural ingredients);
• Elidel (an anti-inflammatory agent prescribed after 3 months).

Treatment for babies over 1 year old

For skin rashes, the same ointments are used as for newborns, or as directed by a doctor. To cleanse the body of toxins, absorbents are taken: Polysorb, Phosphalugel, Enterosgel, Smecta. It is recommended to take vitamins.

With a protracted or severe course of the disease, doctors resort to taking hormone-containing drugs (Prednisolone). Immunomodulatory therapy at this age is undesirable. In extreme cases, a gentle medicine is selected (for example, Derinat drops).

Management of symptoms in children older than 3 years

Starting from the age of 3, it becomes possible to begin to eliminate the problem itself. Medications only relieve symptoms, but they cannot cure allergies.

An effective method is specific immunotherapy (SIT). It can be used from the age of 5. The allergen is gradually introduced to the patient in clear doses. As a result, an immune defense is formed in him, and sensitivity to an irritant disappears. In parallel with SIT, measures can be taken to increase immune protection, improve blood composition, etc.

To eliminate symptoms, you can add to the above medicines:

How long does an allergic reaction take?

On average, it can last from several minutes to several days (4-6 days). Seasonal pollinosis occupies the entire flowering period and can take up to a couple of months. It is necessary to protect the baby from exposure to the irritant and carry out symptomatic treatment.

What is the danger of an allergy in a baby?

Skin allergies in children are potentially dangerous, especially if not properly treated. Diathesis or dermatitis cannot be ignored under the pretext that all children have it.

• the transition of an acute reaction into a chronic form;
• the appearance of prolonged atopic dermatitis or neurodermatitis;
• risk of anaphylactic shock, Quincke's edema;
• bronchial asthma.

Allergy Prevention

It is impossible to completely protect the baby, but you can follow simple rules that will positively affect his health. Proper prevention will reduce the risks of allergies.

Prevention includes:

1. versatile strengthening of immunity;
2. proper nutrition, a sufficient amount of trace elements;
3. timely introduction of complementary foods;
4. exclusion of potential allergens (their careful introduction);
5. cleanliness of the room, regular wet cleaning;
6. hypoallergenic or organic household chemicals;
7. clothing made from natural materials;
8. absence of tobacco smoke in the apartment.

Food allergies in children

Children often suffer from food allergies. The child's body is not accustomed to life outside the womb and does not accept new food. Red spots on the face are a common manifestation of an allergic reaction in babies.

It occurs due to maternal hormones obtained in the womb. Over time, food allergies in infants eventually resolve without treatment within the first month of life.

A food allergy in a child has many symptoms. It is treated with medications or with a special diet. In order to avoid complications, you need to consult with doctors.

Symptoms of children's food allergies

Allergies are manifested on the skin, breathing and malfunctions of the gastrointestinal tract.

Respiratory failures:

Side effects: tearing and eye irritation. Remember that malfunctions in the respiratory and digestive organs can be triggered by other problems. For example, in case of poisoning or a cold. Allergy symptoms tend to appear individually or together.

How long does a food allergy last?

Moms constantly ask how long it takes for a child's food allergy to go away. On the skin, symptoms appear after a few hours when interacting with the allergen. In the gastrointestinal tract, the reaction occurs within 48 hours.

In some cases, the skin symptoms of a childhood food allergy may disappear several hours after exposure to the allergens has ceased. The normal functioning of the gastrointestinal tract is restored on average within 10-20 days.

To speed up the healing process, the following steps should be taken:

• increase the immunity of the child;
• exclude from the diet foods containing allergens;
• choose the right treatment.

In children, food allergies occur during the first 2 years of life. The main products for its manifestation are vegetables, dairy products and eggs. 9 out of 10 babies are completely cured of it. In the first year of life, it is recommended to exclude peanuts and seafood from the children's diet, allergies can remain from them for life.

Treatment of food allergies in children

At the first signs of an allergy, it is necessary to review the baby's diet in order to identify the allergen. It can manifest itself when eating products with animal protein.

If it is impossible to make the right diet, then it is better to reduce their use to a minimum for a while. Over time, these products can be reintroduced into the diet, starting with a minimal amount. Doctors may recommend medication treatment.

Paste Enterosgel promotes the removal of slags, toxins and relieves skin symptoms (rash, itching, spots). As an alternative, Fenistil gel is used.

Drops Fenistil and Zirtek are used to treat irritation and tearing of the eyes. Possible disruption of the gastrointestinal tract as a side effect, therefore, a preliminary medical consultation is required.

Tavegil and Suprastin should not be given to children. This is due to the fact that they cause adverse reactions to the nervous system.

Before giving a product to a child, read its composition on the package and make sure that it does not contain allergens. Infant formula can be made from both whole cow's milk and its substitutes.

What to feed the child?

Milk porridge, chocolate and loco contain milk, which is a common source of allergies.

• cottage cheese;
• yogurt;
• kefir;
• hard cheese;
• porridge on the water;
• light vegetables and fruits;
• chicken and lean beef;
• lean fish;
• butter and vegetable oil;
• water, green tea juice, compote;
• broth, soup.

Foods to be excluded from the diet:

Foods that can be given to children:

• whole cow's milk;
• pasta;
• sour cream;
• black tea;
• rabbit meat and pork;
• sugar;
• salt;
• bakery products;
• raw vegetables;
• semolina porridge;
• juices freshly squeezed, diluted in half with water;
• eggs chicken eggs.

If a child has an allergy to chicken eggs, then they can be replaced with quail eggs.

In addition to the baby diet, mom should also follow a strict diet.

Pickles and fried foods are completely excluded from the diet. In order for the mother's body to function properly, it is necessary to drink enough water.

How to avoid food allergies?

The child's body adapts to life gradually. Therefore, it is necessary to gradually expand his diet. Use a separate power supply. Otherwise, allergies can manifest themselves in the interaction of various foods. In this case, the allergen will be very difficult to identify.

• In some babies, an allergy to any product can be inherited. Therefore, parental allergens and all products in which they are included should be completely eliminated.
• If a food allergy manifests itself in the first month of a child's life, then its repeated use should be carried out six months later. During this time, the body becomes stronger and develops immunity to it.
• A lot depends on the choice of formula for feeding. Therefore, it is necessary to choose it correctly. Due to its great variety on the market, it is possible to exchange infant formula for its equivalent.
• If possible, breastfeeding should be maintained for as long as possible. Mother's milk is not only food, but also a cure for many childhood diseases. It contains all the necessary components to improve the health of the child.
• In the first six months, it is better not to do complementary foods yet. After this period, you can give vegetable purees from broccoli and zucchini. As a change, diversify your diet with kefir and cottage cheese, which are similar in composition to mother's milk. Give your child new foods in small portions and see how he reacts. In this way, you can create a diet of foods that your child likes.
• Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, walking and exercising will strengthen the immune system and protect children from allergens.
• If an allergy manifests itself when eating milk cereals, then they can be replaced with cereals on the water. Over time, water can be gradually diluted with milk, increasing its concentration in food.
• Some doctors recommend completely eliminating cow's milk in the first six months. After a year, you can give semolina porridge in milk.

If a child has an allergy, then it can be not only for food. It can be initiated by:

A timely visit to the doctor will help to start the correct treatment of the child and avoid the negative consequences caused by an allergic reaction.

How long does an allergy last in a child?

How many days does an allergy last in a child? There is no single answer to this question. Most often, the symptoms of pathology are calculated in hours and days, but it is recognized that the persistence of signs of the disease for six weeks is considered the norm.

According to statistics, in children, skin manifestations of allergies persist longer than in adults. If the symptoms of the disease do not go away after three months, then doctors are already talking about a chronic illness and the futility of attempts to identify the allergen.

The duration of the rash

How long the allergy will pass in a child, it will not be possible to say for sure. If we are talking about chronic pathology, then, for example, a rash on the skin may appear periodically, immediately or some time after contact with an irritant. It also happens that problems on the dermis appear and do not go away for six months, especially when it comes to household allergies, for example, to cold or sun.

It is almost impossible to calculate the time during which the rash will be present on the skin. Everything will depend on the type of disease, its form and the characteristics of the child's health. Only the attending physician can assess in detail all the possible periods of the course of the disease;

How to get rid of allergies faster?

It is easiest to get rid of the unpleasant symptoms of an allergic reaction at the first manifestations of the disease. It is necessary to muffle the disease "in the bud" at the moment when the skin rash or redness is just beginning to appear on the dermis. At this point, it is important to identify the irritant and completely eliminate contact with it. Then it is enough to visit a doctor and take the antihistamines prescribed by him.

If you are late with a timely response, and the child has swelling, the baby complains of discomfort in the throat and respiratory tract, then you should definitely call an ambulance.

Self-medication in this case is not appropriate. You run the risk of not curing the child, but only harming him.

How to recognize an allergy?

There are many symptoms of allergies, it all depends on the type of disease and the strength of its manifestation.

So with a food ailment, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, flatulence, pain in the abdomen, fever and redness of the skin can be noted. There may be swelling of the oral cavity, in particular the tongue and lips.

Diagnosing a disease and treating it yourself, especially in a child, is extremely dangerous. If you notice any warning signs of an allergy, seek medical advice immediately.

The manifestation of allergies in the baby

The main symptoms of allergies are

1. Red spots on the skin.
2. Intertrigo in the groin.
3. Peeling.
4. Puffiness
5. Runny nose, sneezing, coughing, watery eyes.
6. Spitting up, vomiting.
7. Colic, increased gas formation.
8. Diarrhea or constipation.
9. Quincke's edema.
10. Bronchospasm.

If the child has a hoarse voice, a cough has appeared, and breathing has become difficult - then all these can be signs of a dangerous disease - Quincke's edema, in which the internal mucous membranes swell. In such a situation, the child needs urgent medical attention. Be sure to contact a pediatrician if the signs of allergy do not go away for a long time, even if they do not bother the baby.

Allergy treatment

The basis of allergy treatment is the identification and exclusion of the effect on the baby of the allergen. Special tablets, ointments, drops, gels will help to cope with allergy symptoms. Do not choose them on the advice of friends. Any medicine for a baby should be prescribed by a pediatrician or an allergist.

For allergies, the following groups of drugs are prescribed:

1. Antihistamines in the form of syrups and drops, eliminating the external symptoms of allergies, relieving itching. These include Fenistil, Zirtek, Zodak, Loratadin, Diazolin.
2. Antihistamine gels and ointments - Psilobalm, Fenistil. They reduce redness, relieve itching.
3. Sorbents - Entersgel, Smecta. They remove toxins from the body, fight diarrhea.
4. Probiotics (Linex, Bifiform) and Enzymes (Creon), designed to improve the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract.
5. Hormonal ointments (Flucinar, Elocom). They should be used only in extreme, severe cases.

How long does it take for an allergy to develop in a baby?

You can understand those parents who are trying to cure their child of allergies and are looking forward to the rapid disappearance of its symptoms. Every parent wants to protect their baby from the unpleasant sensations that bring discomfort, sleep disturbance. But to the question “How long does an allergy last in a baby?” there is no clear answer. Each organism is individual, therefore, it is simply impossible to predict its reaction. The duration of the disappearance of signs of allergy depends on the aggressiveness of the allergen, the amount in which the child received it, the severity of the allergic reaction, the correctness and timeliness of treatment.

Often, with a mild form of breastfeeding food allergy, after the allergen product is excluded from the diet, dermatitis disappears within 5 days. If it has not passed during this time, then the allergen was detected incorrectly.

Sometimes, when the effect of the allergen on the child is excluded, the signs of allergy pass quickly: the very next day they become less noticeable and completely disappear within 7 days. If the allergic reaction of the child was not taken seriously for a long time and remained without treatment, then it can take at least a month, sometimes you have to go to the hospital with the baby. Signs of such advanced cases, in addition to red spots on the face, diaper rash and peeling of the skin, are swelling and mucus from the nose. The most important rule: the sooner you start treating an allergy, the faster it will pass.

Allergy Prevention

The manifestation of any type of allergy is aggravated under the influence of negative environmental factors - hot, dry air, chemicals. To prevent the occurrence of allergies, you should adhere to the following recommendations:

1. Keep the temperature in the children's room no higher than 20 degrees and humidity at least 50%.
2. Regularly carry out wet cleaning in the room.
3. Try not to use household chemicals, wash the baby's things in a special baby powder, rinse and iron them thoroughly.
4. Bathe the baby in warm, boiled water purified from chlorine.
5. Use hypoallergenic cosmetics, hygiene products specially designed for newborns.
6. Remove from the baby's room all the flowers, thick and fluffy carpets that collect dust.
7. Dress your baby in clothes made from natural fabrics in soft colors.
8. Buy quality children's toys made from non-toxic materials.
9. If you give your child medicines, then without dyes and sweeteners.
10. Organize the proper nutrition of a nursing mother or carefully approach the selection of milk formula.
11. Feed your child with quality products, it is better to use homemade vegetables, fruits, meat and cook them yourself.
12. Regularly conduct routine examinations of the baby at the local doctor.
13. Do not have pets while the child is small.

In order for a child to grow up not prone to allergies and completely healthy, in the first years of his life, it is necessary to minimize contact with potentially dangerous factors and products. Regular implementation of preventive measures will minimize the likelihood of allergies in the baby. But if red spots still appear on his cheeks, then you should try to identify their cause as quickly as possible in order to avoid complications.

All about the causes of the problem

Allergies in an infant can occur both with natural and artificial feeding. In the first case, the food that the mother consumes plays a role. In the second case, the reasons are in the composition of the adapted mixture, in non-compliance with the mode of its dilution. A rash appears on the pope, in the groin.

Mom needs to breastfeed her baby for as long as possible and keep a food diary. It will record the foods eaten and the reaction of the baby's body. This will make it easier to identify the allergen.

The reasons why a reaction occurs in children under one year old are as follows: fetal hypoxia (lack of oxygen during gestation), viral or bacterial infections, diseases of the digestive system. Against the background of these factors, the fragile intestinal mucosa becomes even more permeable. The allergen easily enters the bloodstream and causes unpleasant symptoms. Treatment must begin immediately.

The reasons may be in heredity. If parents suffer from allergies, then there is more than a 50% chance that the disease will recur in the child.

The manifestation of allergies in children under one year old may be associated with cosmetics. You need to carefully choose the powder for washing baby clothes, shampoos, lotions.

The reason may be in the diaper. Redness appears on the pope and groin, which is accompanied by a rash. Treatment begins with changing the chosen brand of diapers. You should also take air baths longer.

Unpleasant symptoms on the pope and other parts of the body in children can occur on plant pollen, dust, animal hair, tablets.

The causes of allergies can be hidden in the intake of certain medications. Almost all children are prescribed drugs that make up for the lack of vitamin D in the body. Among these drugs is Vigantol.

Vigantol drops are prescribed to treat and prevent rickets, as a prevention of conditions associated with a lack of vitamin D or diseases of the musculoskeletal system.

Since the immunity of infants is not very strong, an allergy to Vigantol is quite common. The allergy intensifies or begins to manifest itself for the first time against the background of teething. To understand that the teeth, and not the drug Vigantol, became the cause of unpleasant symptoms, it should be given before and after the period of the appearance of teeth.

Often, already in the maternity hospital, they begin to give drugs (syrups, tablets and drops) against colic, including Espumizan drops. Almost all drugs contain dyes and flavors, therefore, they cause allergies in the form of a rash on the buttocks, face, and groin.

Signs of the disease

In order to identify the problem in time, parents need to know what an allergy looks like in infants.

The main symptoms in children under one year old are a rash on the face, buttocks, and groin. In more complex cases, almost all parts of the body are covered with a rash. The affected area is red, rough. You may notice peeling or blisters that are wet to the touch. At the same time, this kind of rash brings discomfort to the baby, as it itchs.

Cough may join, as well as sneezing, runny nose. Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the eye (conjunctivitis) develops. In severe cases, difficulty breathing may develop.

Not only the skin and respiratory tract are affected. The entire digestive tract also suffers. Colic appears in the abdomen, the stool is disturbed (constipation or, conversely, diarrhea may appear), profuse regurgitation occurs.

If there is an allergy to the drug Vigantol, the symptoms are no different. Redness and a rash appear on the face, buttocks, and groin. These areas of skin itch. Against the background of diarrhea and vomiting, body temperature may rise. To determine if this is the reason, it is worth stopping the drug.

The kid becomes restless, capricious, whiny. Sleeps poorly and eats without appetite. He refuses to communicate and play.

Overheating can be a contributing factor. The skin is covered with prickly heat, diaper rash. Urticaria may appear. Quincke's edema becomes the most dangerous condition. It becomes difficult for the child to breathe, the complexion changes. It becomes pale, marble. You do not need to do anything on your own, immediately call an ambulance team.

Symptoms of an allergy in children to Espumizan are easy to identify. Most often, a rash appears on the face, less often on the priest and groin. In rare severe cases, breathing may be difficult and swelling of the mucous membranes may occur. Treatment consists in drug withdrawal. You don't need to do anything extra.

Therapeutic measures

Treatment of the disease in children under one year old begins with a diet. The most allergenic foods are chocolate, chicken eggs, fish, mushrooms, nuts, honey. Foods containing dyes and preservatives should be excluded. Do not eat fatty, salty, spicy foods. You should limit the consumption of dairy products.

If within five days of the diet the symptoms do not decrease, the allergy does not go away, then the allergen has been identified incorrectly. Further treatment will take place after an additional examination.

1. Systemic antihistamines are prescribed (Suprastin tablets, Diazolin tablets, Zirtek drops, Suprastinex drops, Fenistil drops).
2. For allergies, nasal drops can be prescribed locally for babies.
3. To cleanse the intestines, enterosorbents are prescribed (activated carbon, Polysorb, Enterosgel).
4. With increased gas formation, the drug Espumizan may be prescribed.
5. enzyme preparations.
6. Preparations based on prebiotics and probiotics.

How long does it take to get rid of unpleasant symptoms? Allergy can be cured in a short time, subject to an appropriate diet and other doctor's recommendations.

Allergy tablets Claritin and Diprazine tablets are allowed for babies up to a year old. But it is best to choose drops. They are more convenient to dose and give to the child.

Suprastin tablets are allowed for children under one year old. You can give ¼ tablet 2-3 times a day. The quarter needs to be crumbled and diluted with water. Tablets begin to act some time after the first application. On the third day, the rash is gone.

Espumizan is prescribed for bloating and disruption of the esophagus. Young children are very inquisitive and can often swallow soap or shampoo. Therefore, in this case, Espumizan drops are prescribed.

Espumisan drops are prescribed 10-15 drops 2-3 times a day. Drops can be added to a drinking bottle. 15 minutes after taking Espumizan, the gases begin to move away, the pain subsides. The medicine Espumizan does not penetrate into the blood, therefore it does not have any effect on other internal organs.

Espumisan contributes to the normalization of the intestines and increases the absorption of nutrients. Therefore, before giving prebiotics or enzyme preparations, you need to give Espumizan.

If you are allergic to Vigantol, then you should stop taking it. To make up for this loss, you need to spend more time with your child in the sun. In this case, when ultraviolet rays hit the skin of a newborn, the production of vitamin D by the body itself begins. You can’t just walk during the hours of solar activity - from 11 to 15 hours.

There is an option to cancel Vigantol and use other analogues, for example, Aquadetrim. But you can't do it yourself. You need to consult a pediatrician.

Your doctor may prescribe a non-hormonal or hormonal cream or ointment. Non-hormonal cream relieves inflammation, reduces itching and the number of rashes on the pope and other parts of the body.

Non-hormonal drugs are allowed for use in children from a very young age. The most common include:

1. Cream Gistan. They can treat various rashes that are allergic in nature, including hives and insect bites.
2. Elidel cream helps to treat inflammation in atopic dermatitis and eczema. It can be used in children from 3 months.
3. Ointment Desitin. Reduces the effect of the irritant, prevents the spread of the rash.
4. Cream Wundehill. Used for allergic reactions of various origins.

Treatment can be supplemented with antibacterial local preparations: ointment or cream. For example, ointment Dioxidin, Sulfargin.

Bepanten cream and ointment are very popular. The tool helps to heal wounds, relieves irritation on the pope and any other part of the body.

A hormonal cream is prescribed in rare severe cases of an allergy to the buttocks, face, and neck. Treatment may come with side effects. How long does an allergy take? Irritation is removed quickly, in the first hours after application.

1. Advantan cream is used only as directed by a doctor, they can treat allergic rashes in children from 3 months.
2. Elokom cream is approved for use from 6 months.

The timely established cause of unpleasant symptoms allows you to correctly determine the further course of action and avoid serious consequences. Do not self-medicate, you need to consult a specialist.

What is an allergy in the baby

It is known that an allergy in infants is a process of increasing the sensitivity of the skin, intestines to certain allergens. It can be of food and non-food origin: absolutely any food product, as well as household phenomena, such as dust, chemicals, pets, can cause an irritable reaction in a child. Allergies in newborns can be manifested by rashes on the body, disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, or respiratory allergies of the respiratory system.

What does an allergy look like in babies?

Irritation can be on the buttocks, stomach and face of the baby, the scalp, eyebrows are flaky. Allergy in infants looks like redness, a small rash, flaky skin, subcutaneous swelling of the mucous membranes, prickly heat, urticaria, diaper rash. If skin manifestations occur, even given the correct, regular care, it is possible that the allergen is to blame.

Allergy in the baby on the face

An allergy appears in a baby on the face in the form of diathesis, a number of characteristic symptoms that are located on the cheeks, forehead, chin, look like red, dry spots of various sizes, rashes, small watery pimples. They appear immediately after eating, or some time after contact with the allergen, then disappear partially or completely.

Such symptoms can cause discomfort in a child: itching, slight burning, tightness of the skin. If the face is affected, you should try not to let the child comb itchy places with your hands, because this can not only spread the rash all over the face and body, but also provoke the appearance of sores, small wounds that take a long time to heal in infants.

Causes of allergies in babies

Among the causes of allergies in infants, reactions of food and non-food origin can be distinguished. An important role is played by heredity: children whose families have repeatedly encountered cases of bronchial asthma, dermatitis, chronic rhinitis, are at an increased risk of developing allergic reactions from birth. Another factor is the timing of breastfeeding and the child's natural immune abilities.

Food allergies in babies

A frequent irritant is the protein found in ready-made milk formulas and even the components that make up breast milk. Food allergies in infants are manifested by rashes on the skin, manifestations from the intestines: frequent regurgitation, loose stools, constipation, abdominal pain. The respiratory system can be complicated by spasms, nasal congestion. You can list the following sources of problems:

1. The diet of a nursing mother includes such foods: chocolate, coffee, mushrooms, fish and seafood, exotic fruits, red vegetables, freshly squeezed concentrated juices, whole cow's milk, chicken eggs, honey, fried and smoked foods, fatty meats, sausages, blue cheese , preservatives, emulsifiers, dyes.
2. Ready-made milk formulas containing protein, lactose, cereals, soy, honey. It is necessary to check the mixture for allergenicity before feeding.
3. Irritation in a child can be a consequence of malnutrition of the mother during pregnancy, diseases, infections, smoking.
4. Overfeeding a child can cause allergies.

contact allergy in infants

An allergy may develop in an infant after interaction with potential irritants: household chemicals, animals, plant pollen. Even with the most careful care, the child is in contact with the environment and develops responses that do not always go unnoticed. Contact allergies in infants can be triggered by the following:

• dust, mites, bedbugs;
• perfumery, cosmetics (both for children and those used by adults);
• indoor plants;
• pets (any, even hairless);
• household chemicals (washing powders, dishwashing detergents, air fresheners).

How to determine what a baby is allergic to

Diagnostic methods vary depending on the age of the child. To determine what the baby is allergic to, special tests, laboratory tests from specialists will help: a pediatrician, an allergist, a nutritionist. After a year, children are given special skin tests, tests to identify an irritant: various substances are applied to the skin and the reaction is observed. How to identify an allergen in a baby:

• inspection;
• survey of parents regarding the products consumed, mother's diet;
• blood tests (checking the level of immunoglobulin E, eosinophils);
• Ultrasound of the abdominal organs.

Allergy to protein in infants

Protein is contained both in mother's milk and milk mixtures, in the form of cow's, goat's milk, soy. An allergy to protein in a baby can appear both immediately, 10-30 minutes after feeding, and within a few days. The casein protein contained in animal milk is thermostable - that is, it does not break down when heated, children are allergic to it.

If you are allergic to protein, it is important to carefully control the diet of a nursing mother, add more cereals, sour-milk products, lean boiled meat and vegetables, dried fruits, baked apples to it; allergic food should be completely excluded. For such children, milk formulas are made with a protein content of not more than 3.5 kDa; when switching to a full-fledged diet, they start with mashed white and green vegetables.

Allergy to formula in infants

Most formulas for artificial feeding include cow's milk, because it is similar to women's; less often - goat or soy products. You need to carefully read the contents on the package, avoid allergic products. Allergy to the mixture in infants can be caused by cereals, which are contained in artificial nutrition. If symptoms are detected, you should immediately consult a doctor and individually select a hypoallergenic mixture.

How long does an allergy take

If you exclude the allergen from the diet or the area of ​​​​exposure, the allergy does not go away very quickly, in a few weeks. A common cause of rashes on the body of an infant is primary hormonal changes, the adaptation of the body to the conditions of the outside world, after the first contact with water, various substances. In this case, the diet may not have a visible effect and the reaction goes away on its own. If the problem is in a specific allergen, then medicinal ointments, drops, baths for bathing can speed up recovery.

Treatment of allergies in infants

How to treat an allergy in a baby is a complex issue that requires a detailed analysis of the causes and features of its manifestation. With the defeat of several areas at the same time, it is better to immediately apply complex, drug therapy. Such treatment of allergies in infants includes the elimination of signs of irritation, intestinal disorders, runny nose, bronchial wheezing, a mandatory diet for mother and child. A strict hypoallergenic regimen should be observed for the first 2 weeks, then the menu should be adjusted by adding proven, tolerable foods to it.

If the signs of allergy are strong and cause discomfort to the child, then it is better to perform all procedures under the supervision of a doctor, after choosing the appropriate method of treatment. The timing of adding complementary foods, vegetable and fruit mixtures to the diet should not be violated: earlier complementary foods can cause prolonged allergies, and prolonged breastfeeding can bring a lot of complications in the future.

Allergy remedy for babies

To combat allergic irritation, it is permissible to use individual medications designed specifically for infants. They are prescribed if the diet and restriction of contact with the allergen do not have the desired result. Of all the anti-allergy remedies for babies, antihistamines, hormonal, adsorbents, local remedies, preparations for restoring the intestinal microflora are effective. It is important to study the composition of the drugs used: they may contain even more dangerous allergens. What remedies can help if an allergy in a baby:

• Drops - harmless Fenistil: allowed from the 1st month, has a slight sedative effect, relieves itching, eliminates allergy symptoms, is not addictive. Zyrtec, Cetirizine, Claritin can be taken from the age of 6 months, they have anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic effects.
• Ointments - for application to selected, non-inflamed areas of the skin.
• Enterosorbents - for symptoms of intestinal allergies.
• For children under one year old - eye drops Olopatadine, Azelastine, activated charcoal, other drugs without sedatives and other side effects. Charcoal tablets should be dissolved in water, soft-shell capsules can be given to children from two years of age.

Bepanten for allergies

It is known that Bepanten is an external drug for rapid tissue regeneration, healing, and skin moisturizing. It is a soft emulsion that has a dense texture and a characteristic odor; the main active ingredient is dexpanthenol. Bepanten for allergies shows good results: it soothes the skin, fights diaper rash and redness. Contraindicated only in case of hypersensitivity detected during application; safe and non-toxic.

Antiallergic drugs for babies

For the treatment of various types of irritation in an infant, such forms of drugs as tablets, injections, drops, syrup are prescribed, and most of the drugs are prohibited for children under one year old. An allergist will help you choose the right medications, self-medication in these cases is extremely dangerous and undesirable. Antiallergic drugs for babies are available in liquid form, since small children cannot swallow tablets, they can be crushed into powder and dissolved in water. Antiallergic drugs that should be in the medicine cabinet of every mother are:

• Fenistil-gel is an effective external remedy, relieves itching, does not dry the skin, helps with moderate rashes.
• After six months - Zirtek, Kestin, Claritin, Gismanal, Peritol.
• Aerius with mucosal edema.
• Smecta, Enterosgel for intestinal disorders, Sorbex.
• With dysbacteriosis - Bebinorm, Lineks.
• Azelastine, Ketotifen for children up to 6 months.

What to bathe a child with allergies

With an allergic reaction in an infant, bathing in therapeutic baths can help. This ancient folk method will help soothe itching, inflammation, soften dry skin. You can bathe a child with allergies in solutions of chamomile, succession, calendula; according to reviews, a bay leaf decoction has good results, while it is better to buy all herbs in pharmacies: they must be 100% pure. A few rules of water procedures:

• Use only 1 type of herb to see if the child has an irritant reaction to any of them.
• The first bath should last no longer than 5 minutes, the next - 15 minutes each.
• It is undesirable to use baths for a child more than 2 times a week.
• It is not necessary to rinse with water after the bath, use soap and other products while bathing - this will only spoil the therapeutic effect.
• Herbs such as thuja, broom, celandine, tansy, wormwood should be avoided.
• Strain the decoction before bathing.
• The water temperature for a baby is about 40 degrees.
• The broth should not be too strong.

Food allergies in babies: symptoms, treatment and diet

Food allergies are a common disease among infants. After all, the body of babies only gets used to new living conditions and does not always accept new products. Interestingly, in the first two or three weeks, almost every baby has red spots on his face. The rash appears due to the mother's hormones, which the baby receives in the womb. However, such an allergy goes away on its own in the first month after birth and does not require treatment.

Food allergies are of a different nature and manifest themselves not only in the form of a rash. Such a reaction must be treated with a special diet, in rare cases with the help of drugs. However, remember that only a doctor can prescribe drugs! Self-medication will only exacerbate the problem and lead to complications!

Allergy symptoms

To recognize a food allergy, you need to know what it looks like. Symptoms can be divided into three groups, each of which has certain signs.

In addition, infants may experience tearing and eye irritation. Keep in mind that respiratory and digestive symptoms may also be indicative of other problems. For example, a runny nose and cough are also symptoms of a cold, and a violation of the stool is poisoning. Symptoms can appear both together and separately.

To diagnose and treat allergies, see a doctor. He will determine the type of allergic reaction and the pathogen, select the appropriate diet and prescribe treatment.

When does a food allergy go away?

Many nursing mothers are worried about when the food allergy in the baby will pass. The defeat of the skin is manifested within 1-2 hours after contact with the irritant. The intestine reacts within two days after consuming the product. If you identify and eliminate the allergen from the diet immediately, the rash and spots will disappear in a few hours. But the symptoms associated with the work of the gastrointestinal tract will not go away immediately. As a rule, the consequences will bother the baby for another one to three weeks.

There are several factors that affect when a baby's food allergy goes away:

• A portion of the allergen that has entered the body of the baby;
• How quickly the allergenic product is eliminated from the diet;
• How effective and correctly selected treatment;
• The state of the immune system. The stronger the immunity of the baby, the faster the allergic reaction will pass.

Food allergies occur in children under two years of age. Most often, this is a reaction to eggs and cow's milk, colored vegetables. By the age of three or four, more than 90% of children are allergic to such products on their own. But allergies to seafood, fish and peanuts often remain until the end of life. Therefore, doctors do not recommend introducing such food into the diet of a nursing mother in the first 8-10 months of lactation and giving complementary foods to children under two years of age.

How to help a baby

Treatment begins with the exclusion of the allergenic product from the menu and the preparation of a suitable diet for the mother. Often, a negative reaction in infants occurs on protein, cow's milk, chicken eggs and colored vegetables. In this case, a hypoallergenic diet will help, the principles of which can be read here.

When it is impossible to determine what kind of food the baby has a negative reaction to, all potential allergens are removed from the diet for two weeks. Then the products are gradually introduced into the menu one by one no more than in two or three days.

Sometimes the child is prescribed medication. Drugs are prescribed only by a doctor! Enterosgel is used to relieve skin itching, spots and rashes. This is a safe for babies paste that removes toxins and cleanses the body. From one month you can apply Fenistil gel. However, it is not suitable for large and inflamed skin areas.

To relieve tearing and eye irritation for babies at the age of one month, Zirtek drops are prescribed, after six months - Fenistil drops. Please note that the latter cause severe side effects. If there is a violation in the work of digestion, you can take activated charcoal.

It is not recommended to give children Suprastin, Tavegil and other potent antihistamines. They quickly and effectively relieve an allergic reaction, but the effect of such funds passes very quickly. Frequent use of such pills causes a strong side reaction, including a disruption in the functioning of nerve cells, dizziness and impaired coordination, lethargy.

For children on mixed or artificial feeding, you need to choose the right mixture, which should not include cow's milk. Read the ingredients carefully and study the packaging before buying. Please note that supplementary feeding and early transition to complementary foods negatively affect the well-being and development of the child! What mixture to choose for the baby, read the article “Mixed feeding rules”.

Allergenic products

Most often, an allergic reaction is caused by food, which includes protein. These are cow's milk, chocolate and milk porridge. Mushrooms and nuts, some types of fish, chicken and chicken eggs, citrus fruits, brightly colored foods, and semolina are also at a high risk of allergies.

To relieve allergy symptoms, foods that are not recommended by pediatricians are excluded from the diet. Let's take a closer look at what can and cannot be eaten by a nursing mother with an allergy in a baby.

• Curd without additives;
• Kefir;
• natural yogurt;
• hard cheese;
• Buckwheat, corn and oatmeal on the water;
• Fruits and vegetables of light colors (zucchini, potatoes, apples, broccoli, etc.);
• Lean beef and turkey fillet;
• Low-fat fish (perch, cod and hake);
• Vegetable and butter;
• Compotes, fruit drinks, green tea and drinking water;
• Soups and broths.

• Mushrooms and nuts;
• Soft varieties of cheese;
• Milk porridge;
• Honey, chocolate and other sweets;
• Seafood and caviar;
• Fatty fish;
• Fruits, berries and vegetables of bright colors (tomatoes, bell peppers, strawberries, etc.);
• Citrus fruits (lemons, oranges, kiwi, etc.);
• Pickles and marinades;
• Cocoa and coffee;
• Radish and radish, onion and garlic;
• Pickles and marinades;
• Products with preservatives and dyes;
• Fast food and semi-finished products;
• Various sauces and spices, spicy seasonings;
• Carbonated drinks, kvass and alcohol

With restriction:

• Whole cow's milk;
• Sour cream;
• Pasta;
• Chicken meat, pork and rabbit;
• Bakery products;
• Salt and sugar;
• Raw vegetables;
• Freshly squeezed juices, half diluted with water;
• Semolina;
• Chicken eggs (in case of allergy to protein, replace with quail eggs);
• Black tea.

In the first three to four months of a baby's life, it is advisable to eat only stewed, baked or cooked food. Remove fried, too fatty and salty foods from your diet. It is important for a nursing mother to observe a plentiful drinking regimen. Read more about the principles of nutrition during breastfeeding at http://vskormi.ru/mama/chto-mojno-est-kormiaschei-mame/.

8 Ways to Avoid Food Allergies

1. In the first month of lactation, follow a hypoallergenic diet. If one of the parents has an allergy, increase the period to two to three months. This disease is often inherited. Moreover, an allergy in a baby can be completely different product than that of mom or dad;
2. When the newborn's body adapts to new conditions, gradually introduce new foods into the diet. Do not try several products at once! It is important to know what kind of food the baby is allergic to when a negative reaction occurs;
3. For the first time, try a small portion and monitor the well-being of the baby for two days. In case of a negative reaction, exclude the product from the diet for at least a month! After four weeks, you can try again the introduction;
4. Keep breastfeeding as long as possible. Mom's milk is the best prevention of allergies and other diseases! It contains the necessary substances and elements for the full development of the child to the fullest. In addition, breast milk forms and strengthens the immune system, prevents the development of the disease and is most suitable for the digestion of the baby;
5. With mixed or artificial feeding, choose the right mixture! It should not contain cow protein and should be as suitable as possible for the baby in terms of age and specific development. If the baby has an allergy, change the mixture;
6. Start the first complementary foods no earlier than six months after birth. First of all, babies are given vegetable purees. For the preparation of the first adult dishes, zucchini and broccoli are taken. These are the safest vegetables for babies. Dr. Komarovsky advises giving cottage cheese and kefir as the first complementary foods, as the products resemble breast milk in composition. Keep in mind that every child is different. Try different dishes and see what your baby likes. Read more about the rules of the first complementary foods here;
7. Many babies are allergic to porridge if it is cooked in milk. In the first 3-4 months, pediatricians recommend that nursing mothers eat porridge only on water. Then the water can be diluted with milk, gradually increasing the dose of the latter. Komarovsky does not advise at all to use cow's milk during breastfeeding for the first six months. At the first feeding, also give the baby porridge on the water. Exclude semolina from the menu, as it contains allergenic gluten. Milk porridge and semolina can be given to children from one year old;
8. Lead a healthy lifestyle with your child. Do gymnastics for children and walk more often in the fresh air. And swimming with a baby will harden the body, strengthen the immune system and avoid diseases.

The list of allowed foods for breastfeeding is very limited. However, even from such a small number of ingredients, delicious dishes can be prepared. The recipes in the article “Nursing Mom’s Menu” will help to expand and diversify the diet during lactation.

Do not forget that babies have allergies not only to food. Dust, cosmetics, medicines, wool, etc. cause a negative reaction. It is important to provide a hypoallergenic life for the baby. Do not keep animals and flowers at home, do wet cleaning daily, use hypoallergenic powders, soaps and other household chemicals and hygiene products. Use bedding and clothes made from natural materials, take pillows and blankets with a safe filler, because feathers also cause allergies.

Allergy in children

My 10 year old son has a food allergy to fish and chicken and suffers from angioedema. Is there any hope that this disease will pass with age? Advise, please, methods of treatment.

as a rule, we can say that the allergic disease will pass when the child has not yet reached puberty, then the probability is less. We recommend checking the functioning of the intestines (dysbacteriosis, worms), since most often allergic problems are of intestinal origin.

Tell me, please, where can I go to Moscow to identify allergens in a 1-year-old child.

There are many places where allergy tests are done. It is important to remember that allergens must be determined in a blood test from a vein, and the analysis should be done when there are no complaints and signs of allergy, otherwise the best analysis will give a false result. An analysis is considered positive if the allergen gives the maximum reaction in the study (for example, 4+). It is better to use imported test systems, but they are expensive. However, in children aged 1 year, true allergies occur only in 15% of cases. 85% - false allergies associated, for example, with the abrupt introduction of complementary foods, etc.

My son is 1.9. He has never stopped allergies - cheeks, ankles. In principle, the allergy is not strong, but it has not gone away for a long time. We went to the district clinic - the allergist said she was allergic to everything cow. He advised me to switch to goat milk and rabbits, and also prescribed a course of Zaditen. We did just that, a month has passed - the allergy does not go away. Advise how and where to find out what the child has an allergy to and how to treat it.

Answer: often allergic manifestations are the result of foci of chronic infection (worms, giardia, chlamydia, etc.), as well as intestinal dysbacteriosis. If examinations for specific antibodies to various allergens (IgE) do not reveal food allergies, it is necessary to conduct studies aimed at identifying intestinal dysbacteriosis and the listed infections. If you live in Moscow or the Moscow region, you can consult with one of the doctors - consultants of the site (information - in the "Our doctors" section).

My child is 5 months old, at a month and a half she fell ill with acute respiratory infections and we had an allergy (gray circles with a red border), the pediatrician examined us for a long time and could not understand what it was. It happened again recently when we had a fever. The pediatrician said it was a viral allergy. What it is? With what it can be connected? Is it possible to somehow get rid of it? Do I need to take any tests? and where can it be done?

The pediatrician suspects worms in the child, but since they were not found in the analysis, he does not recommend prescribing treatment. I read, in particular, from you, that it is possible to conduct a preventive course of treatment with decaris and vermox, I am in favor of such a preventive course, but. I remember that in my teens they gave me decaris and after that I felt bad, and there are a lot of side effects written there. Will it be dangerous to use it for a child of 1.5 years - 25 mg? What if the child becomes ill from this medicine? If adults use this medicine, how long should they not drive? And another question, they found an allergy to milk, they do not recommend giving milk and cheese, but I forgot to ask about kefir, yogurt and cottage cheese. Whether it is possible to give them at a "milk" allergy?

Tests for worm eggs, etc. only in 20% of cases, worm eggs are found, and in 80%, when there are worms, the analysis is negative. The side effects described in the annotation are more related to long-term courses of decaris. However, of course, you should not dismiss your experience, although it may be associated, for example, with the effect - the death of worms and, as a result, increased intoxication, motor skills, etc. The use of 25 mg is not dangerous once with a repeat after 2 weeks. Still need to drink 3 days of vermox. Side effects from the use of drugs (abdominal pain, nausea, fever, etc. should pass within a day). There are no contraindications for driving. If you are allergic to milk protein, you can not give any dairy products, fermented milk. Another question is whether there is an allergy, since the analysis must be taken at a time when there are no complaints, otherwise it will be false positive.

An alternative to hormonal drugs in the treatment of atopic dermatitis

Corticosteroids can cause skin atrophy, especially on the face, and the use of topical antibiotics is fraught with the formation of bacterial resistance and the development of allergies. Therefore, dermatologists often recommend a non-hormonal preparation based on activated zinc pyrithione - Skin-cap cream. Its use for the external treatment of atopic dermatitis and diathesis is possible from the age of 1 year, and there are no side effects characteristic of hormonal drugs and local antibiotics. At the same time, the anti-inflammatory effect of "Skin-cap" is not inferior to hormonal drugs, and the antibacterial and antifungal effect allows you to normalize the skin microflora, reduce the risk of infection.

Boldyreva Natalya Vadimovna, Candidate of Medical Sciences

How quickly does an allergy go away?

People suffering from allergic reactions to various substances are interested in: if you take timely treatment, how quickly does the allergy go away, especially in a child? In the modern world, this disease is a problem for many inhabitants of the earth. Allergies do not choose anyone in particular: it affects a person of any age, nationality and gender.

How to deal with allergies faster

An allergic reaction occurs in a person in response to the action of certain substances, which are called allergens. The body perceives them as harmful and tries to get rid of them by producing the appropriate antibodies. Chemical substances are released into the circulatory system (histamine is one of them), which cause allergies. All this is expressed in the form of rashes on the skin, lacrimation, runny nose, sneezing and other symptoms.

The first step in getting rid of allergies is to identify those substances that contributed to its appearance. Sometimes this can be done very quickly, since the allergen is obvious - for example, a person began to sneeze frantically near a certain pollen-producing plant.

In another case, it will take some time to understand what the body responded to with an allergic reaction. A person will have to remember when the signs of such a condition appeared, at what point they were stronger. If you suspect several allergens, you need to gradually eliminate them from your environment and monitor your health. So you can identify the cause of the allergy and not let it into your life in the future. It often happens that a person alone cannot cope with the task of determining a substance that interferes with life. In this case, you should seek help from a doctor. He will conduct appropriate testing and identify all possible allergens. And this will help get rid of the disease.

The simplest thing you can do to get rid of allergies after identifying the culprits of its occurrence is to remove allergens from your life. If these are any products, you need to remove them from your diet. When visiting catering places, you should pay attention to the composition of the dishes. If you are allergic to pet hair, stop contact with them. Having come to visit the owners of a cat or dog, it is necessary to warn the owners that there is no opportunity to play with their pets for health reasons.

At home, an allergic person should be carefully cleaned. Detergents should be chosen special, non-allergenic. It is necessary to ensure that there is no dust in the apartment, to get rid of garbage in time. If it is not possible to completely get rid of allergens, a person should resort to pharmacological preparations. Modern pharmaceuticals produce them in sufficient quantities.

How to deal with allergies in babies

Newborn babies are fragile creatures. It is difficult for their body to cope with many factors that have appeared since the time they came into this world.

Allergies in infants often occur on some product taken by the mother. If the child is not breastfed, then the allergen should be looked for in the mixture that the baby is fed. One has only to exclude a harmful substance from the diet, as all the symptoms of an allergic reaction will disappear. It often happens that this disease in a newborn is hereditary. In this case, the question of how long the allergy lasts in a child does not have a clear answer. Most likely, it will take a long time to be treated.

The likelihood that the baby will be born with an allergy is revealed even before his birth. If one of the parents suffers from this disease, then the probability of having an ailment in an unborn child is approximately 30%. If both parents are prone to allergic reactions, the risk rises to 90%.

First of all, parents should find out the severity of the disease. It is one thing if an allergic reaction manifests itself in the form of a rash, and it is completely different when Quincke's edema begins. With the rapid development of symptoms, it is necessary to call an ambulance team. But it is best not to allow such a condition, but to consult a doctor in a timely manner. You should not look for allergens on your own in such a small man. Self-medication will not lead to good.

Many parents express impatience when trying to cope with allergies. But we must understand that if you try to get rid of its manifestations by some cosmetic means, the disease will not go away. Using ointments or bathing in an antiseptic bath will help get rid of a skin rash for a short time, but will not eliminate the cause of the disease.

How long the allergy lasts in a baby depends on the severity of the disease, the timeliness and correctness of therapeutic actions. If the disease is not severe, then it can be dealt with within a few days.

Otherwise, you will have to treat the child for a long time and always under the supervision of an experienced doctor.

It also happens that one of the parents will even have to go to the hospital with the baby, as hospitalization is necessary. But you shouldn't be afraid of it. With proper treatment and compliance by parents with all the recommendations of the doctor, everything ends well.

What is the treatment for allergy symptoms?

The most common treatment is the use of antihistamines. These drugs relieve itching of the skin and sneezing, and the other symptoms can be less affected.

Antihistamines are divided into 2 series:

1. First generation. These medicines have a lot of side effects, for example, when using them, the patient is subject to frequent drowsiness.
2. Second generation. These drugs do not have a sedative effect on the patient. But in some cases, they have a cardiotoxic effect.

When prescribing a remedy, the doctor is guided by many factors. This is the state of health of the patient, and the severity of the form of allergy, and much more.

These drugs are available in various pharmaceutical forms: nasal sprays, oral preparations, ointments.

Allergy is treated in another way - specific allergen immunotherapy. It consists of an injection of an allergen vaccine. This helps to mitigate the reaction of the immune system to specific substances that cause allergies. But this method of treatment has a risk of developing anaphylaxis. It is used when other methods fail.

Your doctor may prescribe intranasal corticosteroids to treat allergic rhinitis.

They are used to prevent inflammation and irritation of the nasal cavity. These drugs have side effects, so they are prescribed with caution.

The modern pharmaceutical industry is developing more and more new means of dealing with allergies, which is a problem for a huge number of people.

Concept definition

From a medical point of view, a rash is defined as a variety of skin changes that occur as part of many skin diseases, diseases of internal organs, infectious and allergic processes.
In fact, almost any skin change can be called a rash or a rash. Currently, a huge number of the most diverse forms of rash that occur in a wide variety of diseases have been described.

The rash itself is not a disease per se and should always be considered as a manifestation of some other disease. In other words, a rash is a reaction of the skin to some kind of disease or the result of exposure to some kind of irritant or disease on the skin. Treatment for a rash naturally depends on the cause of the rash.

Causes of the disease

First of all, it is necessary to determine whether this rash is infectious (i.e., a rash that occurs with an infectious disease - measles, rubella, chicken pox) or non-infectious (with allergic diseases), children have rashes that cannot be attributed to either infectious or allergic.

Mechanisms of occurrence and development of the disease (Pathogenesis)

Before turning to the consideration of specific forms of rash and their characteristics within certain diseases, we would like to draw the attention of readers to some practical points related to determining the nature of the rash. Determining the nature of the rash is a key moment in correctly deciphering the nature of the rash and providing adequate assistance to a sick child. Far from always, patients with a rash need the help of a doctor, and, unfortunately, far from always they can quickly get qualified medical help, even if they need it. In this regard, it is extremely important to be able to recognize which disease is causing the rash, as well as how to help the patient and treat the rash? Except in cases of widespread burns or a severe allergic rash, in which large areas of skin are evenly inflamed, the rash almost always consists of so-called "elements" - individual areas of inflamed or altered skin that alternate with healthy areas of skin or cover healthy skin like a grain, scattered on the canvas.

The main types of rash elements are:

• A spot is an area of ​​skin of various sizes and shapes with a changed color, which is on the same level with the surrounding skin.
• Papule - an area of ​​skin of various sizes and shapes (usually rounded), elevated above the level of the surrounding skin
• Plaques are the result of the fusion of several papules
• Pustule - an area of ​​skin of various sizes and shapes (usually rounded), elevated above the level of the surrounding skin, in the center of which suppuration can be seen
• A vesicle is an area of ​​skin covered with a thin film under which liquid can be seen.
• Scales are exfoliating fragments of the top layer of the skin.
• Crusts are dense brown or black formations that cover areas of the skin that previously had open wounds.
• Erosion is a superficial manifestation of the skin that remains after opening the bubble
• An ulcer is a more or less deep wound on the skin.
• Lichenification is an area of ​​skin roughened from inflammation and scratching.

Most often, the rash consists of the same type of elements, however, there are also cases when, within the same disease, various elements of the rash occur on the skin, which may represent different stages of development of the same element. For example, with chickenpox on the patient's skin, there may be bubbles filled with liquid and crusts that cover the places where the burst bubbles used to be.

Clinical picture of the disease (symptoms and syndromes)

Rash in infectious diseases. In infectious diseases, the rash is accompanied by other symptoms, such as fever or itching of the skin. In some cases, the cause of the rash is not clear and further testing is required. may be with the following infectious diseases: chicken pox; infectious erythema; measles; rubella; fever three days; meningitis; rheumatic fever; scarlet fever. If a child has skin rashes accompanied by an increase in body temperature, this is a sign of an infectious disease. Symptoms of diseases in many cases are very similar, so even a doctor can not always immediately make a diagnosis. For the final diagnosis, it is necessary to conduct blood tests and other tests (for example, discharge from the nasopharynx). This is a laborious and unpleasant process for the child, but, fortunately, not always necessary. Nevertheless, in each case, it is necessary to carefully diagnose, since it is very important for the future to know what diseases were transferred in childhood.

Chickenpox (chickenpox)- one of the most common childhood infections, against which vaccinations have not yet been carried out. The incubation (hidden) period of chickenpox lasts from 11 to 21 days. By the end of it, some children have a fever or a headache. The first sign of the disease is a rash on the skin and mucous membranes. Small round red spots quickly become like pimples, in the center of which, after a few hours, blisters form, filling with a yellowish transparent liquid. The blisters burst, dry up, and a crust forms in their place. The rash is accompanied by itching, especially in sensitive areas such as the inner surface of the eyelids, mouth and vagina, and lasts 3-5 days. The child is contagious until the last crusts dry out. Some blisters can be large and scarred if the child has scratched the blister and introduced an infection. Remember the main symptoms and the main thing to be aware of when treating chickenpox:
the main symptom is a rash in the form of small, fluid-filled bubbles;
the most unpleasant symptom is itching in sensitive places;
in case of infection of the vesicles, the use of antibiotics is necessary.

Infectious erythema- the least studied childhood infection caused by a virus. It usually develops in winter and spring. This infectious disease, the existence of which is still denied by many non-progressive district pediatricians, is also called "sudden exanthema." It affects only children under 2 years of age. Roseola has surprisingly specific symptoms - at the beginning of the disease, the child has a strong and inexplicable fever, which falls exactly on the third day. With a decrease in temperature, the baby suddenly becomes covered with a pink-red focal rash. It passes without a trace in 4-7 days. Drug treatment, especially anti-allergic, most often prescribed in this case by the district, does not make any sense. When the temperature rises, you can use paracetamol, ibuprofen. Roseola is caused by certain types of the herpes simplex virus.

Measles. Since the introduction of measles, mumps and rubella vaccines, cases of measles have become quite rare. The disease is caused by a highly contagious virus. The first signs of measles are the same as the common cold (coughing, sneezing, watery eyes, puffy face). Then the body temperature rises to 40 ° C. On the second day of illness, white spots resembling salt crystals (Velsky-Filatov-Koplik spots) can be seen on the inner surface of the cheeks. The child has discharge from the nose, the eyes turn red, photophobia develops, the facial expression becomes suffering, the signs of the disease increase. Within 2-3 days from the moment the body temperature rises, first on the face, then on the body, red spots of various shapes appear, gradually merging and spreading to the entire body. The rash usually lasts 3 days, during which time the body temperature remains very high, then the condition begins to improve. Infection with the measles virus is especially dangerous for weakened children. Remember that other children in the family can get measles if they are not vaccinated. A sick child is contagious within a week of the onset of signs of the disease. Until complete recovery, he should not be sent to a kindergarten or school. Babies under 8 months old very rarely get measles, as they have immunity transmitted from their mother. Although children rarely get measles due to vaccinations, it is a rather serious illness. The danger of measles is that it can be complicated by inflammation of the middle ear, lungs or meningitis. There are cases of deafness, brain damage and even death. The older the child, the more severe the disease. A child can go to kindergarten (school) 10 days after the rash appears. Assume measles and call a doctor if: after the signs characteristic of a common viral disease, the child's condition worsens, the body temperature rises to 40 ° C; a rash (red spots) appears, which starts from the face, then is noted near the ears, on the border of the scalp, neck, after which it spreads to the area of ​​​​the trunk, arms, legs.

Rubella in children it is much easier than measles. In many cases, it is accompanied by a violation of well-being. Sometimes the body temperature rises slightly. Small-pointed, pinhead-sized rash appears first behind the ears, then on the face and the whole body. A characteristic sign is an increase and slight soreness of the cervical and parotid lymph nodes. To the touch they are pear-shaped, mobile, doughy (juicy). Sometimes there may be itching and swelling in the joints. The incubation (hidden) period lasts 2-3 weeks. Rubella is very dangerous for women in early pregnancy. Infection of the mother in the first 3 months of pregnancy causes severe congenital malformations in the child. The disease of children with rubella is not severe. Older children and adolescents may experience complications. Be sure to isolate the sick child from pregnant women, as well as from unvaccinated children. If the child does not feel well, vomiting or excessive drowsiness occurs, call a doctor. congenital rubella. Children with congenital rubella (congenital rubella syndrome) may develop progressive panencephalitis (generalized encephalitis). It is assumed that the cause is the persistence or reactivation of the virus. The so-called congenital rubella syndrome also includes deafness, cataracts, microcephaly (malformation of the brain and skull) and mental retardation.

Difference between measles and rubella. Unlike measles, rubella has little effect on the general well-being of patients. However, the clinical picture of the disease may resemble measles. An increase in lymph nodes in the occipital region, in most cases noticeable to the eye, is more pronounced with rubella. The elements of the rash that form the exanthema are, on average, smaller and paler than with measles. Separate elements of rashes exist for a very short time. From the point of view of differential diagnosis - just as with scarlet fever and measles - it may be difficult to distinguish between rubella and drug exanthema.

Scarlet fever begins suddenly with sore throat, fever. When examining the throat, enlarged tonsils are visible, in some cases with raids, the pharynx is red. Then a small punctate rash appears on the inner surface of the thighs, forearms, in places of natural skin folds (groin, armpits, knees, elbows), on the neck and upper body. The rash quickly spreads to the face, against the background of which a pale nasolabial triangle is clearly visible. The rash is caused by a toxin (poison) secreted by streptococcus, the source of infection. The tongue in the first 3-4 days is covered with a grayish-white coating, from the second day it becomes bright red with enlarged papillae - the so-called "crimson tongue". When body temperature drops, lamellar peeling of the skin appears on the fingers and toes. Sometimes it is difficult to distinguish between a sore throat in scarlet fever and a viral infection. In this case, you need to pay attention to the state of the language. The sick child must be isolated. Scarlet fever is characterized by high body temperature, sore throat and a bright red punctate rash on the flexor surfaces, lateral parts of the chest, abdomen, inner thighs, in natural skin folds. The area around the mouth remains white.

Meningitis(inflammation of the meninges) differ depending on the microorganisms that caused them. Rashes with meningitis in young children are rare, they are observed mainly on the back of the throat. They are usually caused by pathogenic microorganisms called meningococci. If bacteria with blood flow got into other organs, that is, there is meningococcal sepsis, or meningococcemia, a purplish-red rash under the skin may occur. The cause of the rash is bleeding from small blood vessels, which is a characteristic sign of meningococcemia. Urgently seek medical help if the child has such signs as: neck muscle tension, high body temperature, frequent vomiting, increasing drowsiness, photophobia. In this case, the child must be taken to the hospital as soon as possible, only timely assistance can save his life. Very important: meningococcemia lesions are flat, purplish-red, star-shaped or irregular in shape, primarily on the thighs, buttocks, and back. Typical manifestations of meningitis are not always observed, and the child does not always give the impression of being sick. Therefore, in case of any doubts and suspicions, it is better to call a doctor.

Hemorrhagic diathesis often develops in severe infectious diseases. In addition to vascular damage, thrombocytopenia as well as consumption coagulopathy can be causes. Infectious-toxic forms of purpura are characterized by intrafocal petechial pinpoint bleeding (see photo). Also known is lightning-fast fulminant purpura after scarlet fever or chickenpox in children, which is accompanied by hematuria and melena, as well as the Waterhouse-Fridrichsen syndrome with meningo-pneumococcal sepsis. In children and adolescents, less often in adults, with meningococcal sepsis, about three-quarters of cases develop a combination of purpura and maculopapular exanthema. With a fulminant course - the Waterhouse-Friedrichsen syndrome - skin hemorrhages merge. In subacute bacterial endocarditis, petechial bleeding (infected microemboli) develops primarily at the fingertips, under the nails, or under the tongue as round, blueberry-black, and slightly tender, pinhead-to-lentil-sized lesions (Osler's nodules or Janeway's spots).

streptoderma- A skin infection that often affects the area around the nose and mouth. It is caused by bacteria that penetrate when the epidermis is damaged (scratches, herpes or eczema). Sometimes streptoderma occurs when the skin is damaged, if the child sucks his finger, bites his nails or picks his nose. Infection can be caused by bacteria that are commonly found on the skin and in the nose. The first signal of streptoderma is redness of the skin around the nose and lips. Then small, fluid-filled blisters appear that burst, forming a honey-yellow scab. Infected fluid can cause further spread of the infection through the lymphatic vessels, with enlarged lymph nodes in the neck and face. Sometimes the body temperature rises.

Desquamative erythroderma Leiner - Myssu. This disease occurs in children of the first 3 months of life. It is characterized by bright hyperemia, infiltration and peeling of the entire skin. On the face, scaly scales of a dirty yellow color merge and form a shell. After peeling of the scales on the body, maceration, cracks, and secondary infection appear in the folds. In most children, the initial localization of the lesion is the buttocks, inguinal folds. Much less often the upper body, scalp, face, armpits. In addition to skin changes, dyspeptic disorders (nausea, vomiting, flatulence, constipation, diarrhea) are typical, leading to hypovitaminosis, malnutrition, iron deficiency anemia, and septic complications.

Kawasaki disease– The exact cause of Kawasaki disease is not known, but it is believed that the disease is caused by a post-infectious autoimmune reaction. As a rule, the disease affects young children under 5 years of age. In case of inappropriate treatment, the disease can give serious complications to the heart. The diagnosis of Kawasaki disease is based on the following five symptoms:

1. fever that lasts more than 5 days;

2. redness of the eyes (painless conjunctivitis);

3. swollen lymph nodes in the neck;

4. red throat, red tongue or cracked lips, redness or swelling of the hands and feet.

5. the appearance of a rash, in the form of red flat or raised spots or blisters.

If you think your child may have Kawasaki disease, call 911 immediately.

Acute rheumatic fever(previously this disease was called rheumatism) is a common cause of heart disease. Most often, children from 5 to 15 years old get sick. The disease always develops after an infection caused by streptococcus (often after a sore throat). The infection triggers an auto-aggression response in which the immune system attacks the body's own tissue. This leads to an increase in body temperature, soreness and swelling of the joints. In the acute course of rheumatism, a roseolous-erythematous rash is observed. The rash usually appears in the first days of the disease. Represents multiple superficial spots of various sizes, located on the lateral surfaces of the body and the inner surface of the upper and lower extremities. The rash is ephemeral, not flaky. The general state of health is poor, there is rapid fatigue, loss of appetite, an annular red rash is observed on the trunk, arms and legs. If a child has recently suffered a sore throat or inflammation of the ear, complains of pain and swelling of the joints, it is necessary to examine him to rule out rheumatism. The examination is especially carefully carried out if a ring-shaped red rash appears on the trunk and limbs. It should be remembered that early diagnosis reduces the risk of developing heart disease. The examination must be carried out in a hospital. Patients usually have specific antirheumatic antibodies in their blood. The diagnosis is confirmed by the following criteria:

main: carditis, polyarthritis, chorea, rheumatic nodules;

additional:

clinical: previous rheumatic attack or rheumatic heart disease, arthralgia, fever, fatigue, abdominal pain;

laboratory: acute phase reactions, confirmation of a previous streptococcal infection, prolongation of the P-Q interval on the ECG, etc.

Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. One of the clinical manifestations of the articular-visceral form of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis may be a maculopapular, measles-like rash. Skin manifestations coincide with the onset of the disease or precede it. The rash is characterized by polymorphism of primary elements, symmetry of localization and the absence of secondary elements. The nature of the rash: it is more often maculopapular and urticarial, less often macular and annular, but more rough than in rheumatism. Urticaria-like elements can be combined with angioedema. The rash is localized most often on the limbs, trunk, rarely on the face, sometimes only over some of the affected joints. The duration of the rash is individual: from several hours to several days, repeated relapses are possible.

A special form of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis is a disease Wissler-Fanconi. The disease begins acutely with high, sometimes up to 39 - 40 ° C, temperature, articular syndrome, skin lesions in the form of polymorphic rashes. The nature of the rash: maculopapular, sometimes urticarial. Predominant localization on the lateral surfaces of the chest, face, inner surface of the arms and legs. The rash is usually profuse and lasts for a long time, sometimes for several months, permanently or at intervals. The intensity of the rash corresponds to the severity of the process. There may be an increase in lymph nodes, liver and spleen.

The following criteria are used in the diagnosis of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis:

1. Clinical

• arthritis lasting 3 months or longer;
• arthritis of the second joint, which occurred 3 months or later, after the defeat of the first;
• symmetrical damage to small joints;
• effusion in the joint cavity;
• persistent stiffness of the joint;
• tendosynovitis or bursitis;
• muscle atrophy;
• morning stiffness;
• rheumatoid eye disease;
• rheumatoid nodules;
• radiological
• osteoporosis, small cystic restructuring of the bone structure of the epiphyses;
• narrowing of the joint spaces, bone erosion, ankylosis of the joints;
• violation of bone growth;
• damage to the cervical spine.

2. Laboratory

• the presence of a positive rheumatoid factor;
• positive biopsy of the synovial membrane.

Identification of 3 of the listed signs in a patient with the mandatory presence of arthritis allows diagnosing “probable”, 4 signs “definite”, 8 signs of “classic” juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.

Herpes often appears on the lips, usually in children between the first and fourth years of life. It is accompanied by an increase in body temperature, and bubbles appear in the oral cavity. The child complains of a sore throat. After a few days, these phenomena disappear, but excessive exposure to the sun, cold, wind, and high temperature can provoke an exacerbation.

Shingles. During the course of the disease, on a small surface on one side of the body, groups of small bubbles appear on a red background. First, itching occurs, and later, when bubbles form and last 2-3 weeks, a sharp soreness. When the bubbles burst and dry crusts appear, a secondary bacterial infection may join. Herpes and shingles are types of herpes infections. Considering that the virus is located in the nerve nodes and can cause serious consequences when the immune system is weakened, if these diseases appear, you should see a doctor who will prescribe the necessary treatment.

acne vulgaris occur sometimes in children from 4 months to 15 years, very often in adolescents. In most cases, they go away on their own within a few years, but in some children they appear quite strongly. To prevent acne, you must thoroughly wash your face with soap and wipe the skin in the acne area with special lotions. There are special creams for teenagers, which are selected by a dermatologist or cosmetologist. Sunburn is also useful - the sun dries out oily skin. If necessary, use antibiotics and other means. You should never squeeze inflamed acne, especially on the face and neck - this can lead to blood poisoning. With a small rash, frequent washing with warm water and soap and the use of special lotions helps. If there are a lot of acne and they become inflamed, the treatment should be prescribed by a dermatologist or cosmetologist.

Furuncle- this is an acute purulent-necrotic inflammation around the hair follicle (the place where the hair grows from) and the sebaceous gland associated with it with its surrounding fiber, which is accompanied by painful swelling. The skin around the hair follicle turns red, a purulent core forms at the top of the swelling. A few days later, the boil bursts and pus is released. Furuncles easily occur in other places on the skin, since the hair follicles are easily infected when the infection is transferred. Especially quickly they occur in places where clothing rubs against the skin. The most painful boils in the joints, ear canal, nose.

Allergic rash. The most common cause of an itchy, short-lived rash or patch is an allergy. Rash or spots can appear on any part of the body, often in places of pressure of tight clothing - belts, elastic bands. It is usually a pinkish-red, uneven rash that bulges when touched. Often accompanied by scratching of the site of irritation. Even if there is no rash, the skin is irritated, red, swollen. An allergic rash can be caused by environmental or food allergens. There are many "culprits" of allergies (allergens), but often they cannot be identified, even with maximum effort. The most common allergens are house dust, animal hair, plant pollen, food, laundry detergents, especially at low water temperatures, natural wool, some metals (for example, nickel buttons, zippers, locks, buckles). Food allergies can be caused by preservatives, dyes, chocolate, shellfish, fish, eggs, strawberries, nuts, and tomatoes. Generally speaking, any food can be an allergen, except maybe table salt. Drug allergies are also possible, 10% of people are sensitive to penicillin, the most commonly used antibiotic, and other penicillin antibiotics. An important sign that distinguishes allergies from infectious rashes is the good general condition of the child. The child may be irritable because of itching, but not drowsy, there is no loss of appetite and fever. If the rash is accompanied by swelling (especially on the face around the lips and eyes), be very careful and see a doctor right away. This may be a sign of a formidable complication - Quincke's edema or even allergic shock. The spread of edema to the area of ​​​​the tongue and upper respiratory tract leads to suffocation. This condition requires urgent treatment in a hospital, sometimes even in the intensive care unit.

food allergy. The reason for the occurrence of an allergic rash in an infant, if he is breastfed, may be the mother's diet. The most common reaction is to red fish, whole milk, veal, citrus fruits, nuts, tomatoes. Therefore, nursing is advised to exclude a suspicious product from their diet. Artificial animals are also not immune from manifestations of food allergies - the proteins contained in the feeding mixture can cause a skin reaction. If the rash does not go away or, God forbid, gets worse, you need to choose another product for artificial feeding. Too early or incorrectly started complementary foods also have a dangerous allergic potential. By the way, persistent prickly heat or persistent diaper rash can also be allergic.

contact allergy. Skin rashes in infants can be caused by allergens that act not only from the inside, but also from the outside. Contact allergy or dermatitis looks like a small rash or chafing of the skin. Most often, it occurs in response to the use of laundry products enriched with fragrances - especially rinses. Therefore, when washing baby clothes, especially in the first months of a child's life, it is better to give preference to specialized hypoallergenic products. In addition, the materials that children's clothing is made from (especially wool and synthetic fibers) can also trigger rashes.

Atopic or infantile eczema is the most common type of eczema in children. It usually appears in the first two years of a child's life, often first manifesting itself at two or three months, when the child begins to be weaned and accustomed to the nipple. It happens that atopic eczema appears later, at the age of four or five months, when the child is finally weaned. The spread of the rash is always characteristic - on the face, head, neck, in the folds of the skin and in places of contact with diapers. Very painful rash in the folds of the limbs. Sometimes it is called so - fold eczema. The rash is most severe on the wrists and elbows, under the knees, and around the ankles. It often rashes on the fingers and toes. The skin with eczema becomes very dry, flaky, reddened, cracked and thickened. In places of scratching, it can bleed, and if an infection enters, the occurrence of suppuration is not ruled out. The genetic component of atopic eczema makes the child much more vulnerable to many triggers, but why this happens remains a mystery. However, it is clear that if certain triggers are avoided, the severity and duration of the disease can be reduced.



Hives- This is a disease in which itching occurs in certain areas of the skin, and after blisters. The blisters are first located on any specific areas of the skin and are located separately from each other, and then merge, and a whole area of ​​​​inflammation is obtained. If this area is too large, then the body temperature rises, chills occur, and malfunctions in the gastrointestinal tract are possible. Symptoms of hives are blisters and a red rash that itches and itchs. It can appear around the lips, on the cheeks, and on other areas of the body. In general, these rashes and blisters are not so dangerous - they are mostly small in size and disappear quickly. But the whole trouble is that they do not appear in a single copy, after one disappears, others appear in their place. For this reason, urticaria lingers on the skin for a long time, it can bother for several hours or several days. Urticaria is an allergic reaction that can occur, for example, due to an insect bite. The blisters disappear after three hours. Also, urticaria is formed if the skin has been affected by any chemical substance. Urticaria can be the result of certain diseases, for example, a malfunction of the thyroid gland or a malfunction of the kidneys and liver. But mostly urticaria happens due to the influence of any products on the body. If a person ate a lot of citrus fruits, fish, chocolate. There is type of urticaria, which is formed when a person was first in the cold and abruptly entered the heat. There is also hives from sunlight. Sometimes the disease occurs due to the fact that a person has suffered stress depression. Urticaria can develop into Quincke's edema, when severe swelling appears on the skin, which are located in large areas. Also, urticaria is acute and chronic. In chronic disease, itching can last more than six months. This leads to sleep disturbances, a decrease in the overall performance of the body. And with acute urticaria, itching disappears within a few hours. To cure hives, it is necessary to identify the cause, due to which the disease arose.



Steven Johnson Syndrome. Refers to the variants of the course of erythema multiforme exudative. The mechanism of development is associated with allergic reactions of an immediate type, proceeding according to the type of the Arthus phenomenon, to taking medications: sulfa drugs, pyrazolone derivatives, antibiotics, etc. The onset is acute, stormy with fever lasting from several days to 2-3 weeks, sore throats are noted , hyperemia of the mucous membranes, runny nose, conjunctivitis, hypersalivation, joint pain. From the first hours there is a progressive lesion of the skin and mucous membranes: painless dark red spots on the neck, face, chest, limbs (even the palms and soles are affected); along with this, papules, vesicles, blisters appear. The rash tends to coalesce, although large serosanguineous blisters rarely form (this is typical of Lyell's syndrome).

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Lyell's syndrome(toxic epidermal necrolysis). An allergic reaction to an infectious, predominantly staphylococcal, process and to medication (antibiotics, sulfonamides, analgesics) or to blood transfusion and its components. In the pathogenesis of the disease, the "explosive" release of isosomal enzymes in the skin (not always of immune origin) is of primary importance. The disease begins acutely with chills, fever, sore throat, lower back, joints, burning and soreness of the skin. Large erythematous spots of various sizes appear, often merging and spreading throughout the body in a few hours. On some areas of the skin, vesicles, papules, blisters and then large, flat, flabby blisters appear at the site of the spots, on others - hemorrhages. As a result of severe epidermolysis, the child looks like a second-degree burn. In areas subjected to friction with clothing, the surface layers of the skin peel off, regardless of the presence or absence of blisters. Nikolsky's symptom is positive. With this syndrome, mucous membranes can also be affected. In contrast to the Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxicosis is pronounced, the mucous membranes of the mouth and eyes are affected, myocarditis, nephritis, and hepatitis often develop.

Hill's erythroderma. One of the most severe variants of the course of neurodermatitis. The skin of the whole body becomes red, reminiscent of a goose, lichenized in many places, flaky with bran-like scales, but there is no tendency to vesiculation and weeping. Excruciating itching is characteristic, a sharp eosinophilia is detected in the blood.



Nodular erythema. The causes of its development are diverse and can be both infectious and non-infectious. There is an association of erythema nodosum with HLA-Bg, and cases of familial erythema nodosum have also been described. The onset of the disease is usually acute, but relapses are often observed at intervals of several months or even years. Chronic forms of the disease, in which nodules persist for several years, are rare. The general condition of children with erythema nodosum can be very different. Some patients, despite common skin manifestations, feel quite well. Others have general malaise, fever, chills, anorexia, weight loss. Body temperature often rises slightly, but can reach 40.5 ° C. Sometimes the fever lasts more than 2 weeks. Skin rashes usually appear suddenly, in the form of erythematous, painful, slightly raised spots on the anterior surfaces of both legs, itching is absent. Sometimes the rashes are single, located on one side or capture the extensor surface of the forearms. Skin elements can be located in all places where there is subcutaneous fatty tissue, including calves, thighs, buttocks, as well as in inconspicuous areas, such as the episclera of the eyeball. The diameter of each nodule ranges from 0.5 to 5 cm. The skin over the nodule is reddish, smooth and shiny. Individual nodules coalesce to form areas of induration that can cause significant swelling of the affected limb. Within 1–3 weeks, the nodules usually resolve spontaneously without ulceration, scarring, or permanent pigmentation. During this time, the color of the nodules changes from bright red, becoming blue, green, yellow, to dark red or purple (the change in skin color in the projection of the nodes is similar to that during the evolution of a bruise). For erythema nodosum, a certain dynamics of the process is characteristic: the distribution of nodules goes from the central element to the periphery, and their disappearance begins from the central part with a rapid change in the color of the skin elements. However, these clinical features are not consistent, as there are other variants of the clinical course of erythema nodosum. Every third patient has signs of arthritis. Usually, large joints of the limbs (knee, elbow, wrist and tarsal joints) are symmetrically affected, less often small joints of the hands and feet. Most children have arthralgia, which often accompanies the febrile period of the disease, but sometimes may precede it for several weeks. Arthropathy may last for several months, but there is no deformity of the joints. A characteristic sign of erythema nodosum is adenopathy of the roots of the lungs on one or both sides. It is usually asymptomatic, found incidentally on chest x-ray, and may persist for months.

Rashes that are not related to infectious and allergic. There are rashes that do not fit into the group of infectious or allergic. These are rashes in diseases such as: diaper erythema; prickly heat; acne of newborns, purpura. In these diseases, rashes occupy a significant part of the body and in each case require appropriate treatment.

Domestic pediatricians consider diaper erythema manifestation of exudative-catarrhal diathesis. This is not an allergic disease in the full sense of the word, it is more correct to talk about the tendency of the child's skin to allergic reactions. It appears quite often and is easy to recognize. Erythema occurs regardless of which diapers are used: cloth or disposable. The rashes are located in those places that are covered with diapers, their appearance varies: from a small number of spots around the genitals in mild cases to widespread bright redness under the entire surface of the diaper with vesicles and ulcers in severe cases. The reason is that a baby's skin is very sensitive to moisture and chemicals found in urine and feces. Between the excreted feces and urine, a reaction occurs, ammonia is formed, which irritates the skin of the child. The skin of formula-fed children is especially sensitive to such irritation, since in these cases the feces often have an alkaline reaction and promote the growth of bacteria. Places of rashes with diaper erythema are usually as follows:

• Genital organs are the most common localization. Bright red spots are seen around the urethra in boys and on the labia in girls. The skin in these places is bright in color and shiny. A strong ammonia-like odor may be felt. Children often cry during urination and in warm baths.

  Skin folds. If the rash is limited to skin folds in the upper thighs and groin areas, excess moisture may be the cause of the problem. Provide proper care, remove excess moisture in a timely manner, and the rash will go away on its own.

  Buttocks and anus. Rashes in these places are a sign of thrush. If thrush has appeared in places covered with diapers, look into the baby's mouth and make sure that there are white spots of fungi on the inside of the cheeks or tongue. Do not confuse them with milk droplets, which are easily removed after feeding. Especially often thrush appears after treating a child with antibiotics.

  the entire surface of the body. Such a rash is often associated with a general allergic reaction or skin inflammation - dermatitis. It can be an early manifestation of atopic dermatitis, especially in children with a burdened heredity for this disease. It often occurs when using washing powders with bioadditives or rinsing liquids for fabrics. In this situation, two causes of rashes: the very sensitive skin of the child and exposure to chemical ammonia-like substances.

  

  Prickly heat very often develops when young children overheat, if they are swaddled and wrapped up too tightly, and the room is hot. This is the usual small itchy rash and blisters that, bursting, form a pale red rash in places where sweat glands accumulate: on the face, neck, shoulders, chest, in the elbows, inguinal folds, under the knees.

  Newborn acne- These are the smallest white rashes located under the skin in the nose and cheeks of newborns. They do not itch and do not interfere with the baby. Newborn acne is a sign of blockage of the sebaceous glands with a thick discharge. This is a common occurrence in newborns and does not require additional treatment. This type of rash is also known as neonatal acne or (if it's quite scientifically) neonatal cephalic pustulosis. It affects about 20-30% of children in the first weeks and months of life. Neonatal acne is not a contagious disease, it is not dangerous and does not require medication or other specific treatment. These pimples, which are concentrated on the face, neck and scalp, do not have a comedone - a clogged pore. They rarely fester and form pronounced foci of inflammation, and most often look like changes in skin relief (in some cases they can only be detected by touch) or reddish pustules. Doctors attribute the occurrence of neonatal cephalic pustulosis to the improvement of the hormonal background of a newborn child, as well as excessive colonization of the skin by certain types of yeast fungi, which are normally part of the microflora. Newborn acne does not need to be “dry” or poisoned with folk remedies such as calendula tincture - firstly, it damages delicate infant skin, and secondly, it can cause an allergic reaction that will aggravate the lesion. Normal regular hygiene is usually sufficient. In most cases, the disease resolves on its own and without a trace within 1 to 3 months. If healing is slower than usual, the doctor will prescribe ointments that speed it up.

  But be careful - the appearance of pimples in a child of 3-16 months, more common in boys, can mean a symptom of a more complex and unpleasant disease, acne babies. These pimples look almost "like adults" - they distinguish between a greasy or black head of an eel, a focus of inflammation that can lead to a scar. Acne in babies, which occurs due to increased production of androgens, requires careful professional treatment.

  Purpura. Unlike other rashes, a purplish-red-brown rash is a small hemorrhage in the skin and mucous membranes. Their size can be from the size of a pinhead to 2-3 cm. Purpura almost always indicates a serious illness. Excessive bleeding is associated with a violation of the structure of platelets, insufficiency of blood clotting factors, or pathology of the walls of blood vessels under the skin (capillaries). A violation of the structure or a decrease in the number of platelets can occur as a result of the use of drugs, with allergies, a viral infection, or the formation of antibodies in the blood against one's own tissues and cells. Such hemorrhages also occur with meningococcal sepsis. Another cause of thrombocytopenia may be damage to the bone marrow.

  Rash from insect bites.

  Insect bites. Most often, children are bitten by blood-sucking insects: mosquitoes, bedbugs, fleas, horseflies, ticks, as well as wasps, bees, bumblebees, sometimes ants, some beetles. Some children do not react at all to an insect bite, while others have a violent reaction. Bite marks usually disappear after 2-3 days. However, some children may develop an allergic reaction to insect secretions. In these cases, large, intensely itchy redness forms on the skin, which can become infected when scratched. In our climatic zone, children suffer most from mosquito bites, midges, and often also from fleas. To avoid insect bites in the summer, wear socks, long-sleeved blouses, and thin pants, especially in the evening. Mosquito repellents can be used. Treat pets for fleas. Homes can use mosquito sprays and cover windows with screens.

  Scabies. This disease is quite common. Infection occurs from a patient with scabies. The scabies mite penetrates the skin and lays eggs there. As a result, itchy rashes appear, similar to eczema. Usually they are small, gray-pearl, often localized between the fingers, on the front surface of the wrist, under the armpits, on the skin of the abdomen, around the genitals. Itching is especially severe at night when the skin is warm. Intense itching during scratching contributes to infection. Infection with scabies occurs through direct close physical contact or through the patient's bed.

  lice. If itching appears in the scalp area, lice may be the cause. Recently, the defeat of lice (pediculosis) has become more common.

  Skin formations.

  Warts. These are small hard formations that appear on the surface of the skin single or in groups. They are caused by a virus that infects the cells of the upper layers of the skin, leading to their overgrowth. Usually warts are found on the fingers, soles of the feet, knees, on the face. They are most common in children and young people. Sometimes in children, warts disappear within 3 years, which is how long it takes the immune system to cope with them. Warts on the soles can be painful. The virus is transmitted by direct contact, but not as easily as other viral infections. Therefore, in the presence of warts, the child should not be forbidden to swim in the pool or take any additional safety measures other than personal hygiene.

  Diagnosis of the disease

  Determination of the appearance of the rash.

  In the event of a rash, carefully examine it and try to determine the following parameters: Attention! Due to the fact that some types of rashes can be a sign of contagious diseases, do not touch the rash without special gloves. After examining a patient with a rash, wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water.

  So, with an external examination of the rash, you should determine:

  1. The ratio of the element of the rash to the surrounding skin: on the same level with the skin, raised or concave.

  2. Color (coloration) of rash spots. In the case when the skin has spots of a rash of various colors - determine the color options.

  3. Dimensions, clarity and shape of the boundaries of the rash element

  4. Lightly press on the rash element and quickly remove your finger - try to notice whether the rash fades when pressed or whether its color remains unchanged when pressed.

  Re-examine the rash after 1-2 hours, and continue to monitor it for the following days. At each new examination, try to notice how the previous elements of the rash have changed. At the doctor's appointment, it is very important to tell about all the changes in the rash that you notice.

  In addition to external signs of a rash, you should evaluate:

  1. The general condition of the patient and the presence of other symptoms of the disease: fever, headache, diarrhea, vomiting, drowsiness, apathy

  2. Determine whether in the recent past the sick person had contacts with patients with infectious diseases, toxic substances, and drugs.

  It is urgent to call a doctor in case of a rash: In all cases of a rash in which there is a high temperature (above 39 C), progressive deterioration of the patient's condition, severe shortness of breath (breathing difficulties), swelling of the face or tongue, severe headache, vomiting, drowsiness or loss of consciousness, or in cases when the element of the rash has a dark burgundy, brown or black color, is located, as it were, a little deeper in the skin and does not turn pale when pressed, the patient should be taken to the hospital as soon as possible!

  It is customary to distinguish six "primary" common "spotted" rashes:

  • the first disease is measles,
  • the second disease is scarlet fever,
  • the third disease is rubella,
  • the fourth disease is infectious mononucleosis,
  • fifth disease - infectious erythema,
  • the sixth disease is infantile roseola (sudden exanthema).

  In some cases, for the retrospective diagnosis of infectious diseases in children, it is necessary to take into account the secondary elements of the rash. So, with measles, after the primary elements of the rash fade, pigmentation is observed, and then pityriasis peeling, with scarlet fever, lamellar peeling of the skin of the palms and feet appears on the 2nd week of the disease, when the rash has already disappeared. The nature of the spots can also be of great diagnostic value. So, small foci of necrosis on the mucous membrane in the cheek area in the form of spots - Velsky-Filatov-Koplik spots - are characteristic of measles. Small hemorrhages on the transitional fold of the conjunctiva (a symptom of Chiari-Avtsyn) and at the base of a small uvula (Rosenberg's enanthema) are observed in typhus. Scarlet fever is characterized by delimited hyperemia in the pharynx, reaching to the hard palate. Aphthae - superficial sores formed from vesicles and localized on the oral mucosa - are more common in young children and are characteristic of a herpes infection (aphthous stomatitis).

  Treatment of the disease

  Urgent care

  Please, if a rash appears in a child that seems suspicious to you, and especially if it is combined with other symptoms (lethargy, fever, diarrhea, vomiting), call a doctor immediately!

  In some cases, the rash will go away on its own - viral infectious diseases, such as measles, rubella, chickenpox. In the case of scarlet fever, it is necessary to prescribe antibacterial drugs. If a scabies mite is found, a simple treatment is necessary. If the rash is of an allergic nature, then the allergen should be determined using skin tests and its effect on the body should be excluded. In the case of skin diseases, it is necessary to be treated, they will not go away on their own, but only a doctor can prescribe treatment, taking into account the general condition of the body. In any case, before contacting a doctor, self-treatment is aimed at relieving symptoms - with an increase in temperature, it is necessary to give the child antipyretic drugs, with severe itching - antihistamines. Be careful with the rash, because in some cases antibiotics and specific treatment are necessary.

  Conservative treatment

  Chickenpox. With an increase in body temperature, the child can be given paracetamol. However, the main problem with chickenpox is itching. Anti-allergic drugs, which are used only on the recommendation of a doctor, will help reduce its severity. Spots and bubbles are smeared with brilliant green (brilliant green). Small children can wear cotton mittens and cut their nails short. The child must be isolated from other children until the crusts dry. He cannot attend kindergarten or school. It should be emphasized that in young children the risk of infection of the vesicles is much higher than in older ones. If a milky or yellowish liquid is released from the vesicles, this is a sign of infection. In this case, antibiotics should be used. If, in addition to the rash, there are other symptoms, such as a very high body temperature or muscle tension in the back of the head, appropriate treatment is necessary before a doctor's prescription.

  Infectious erythema. With an increase in body temperature, paracetamol and plenty of fluids should be given to the child in order to improve well-being and reduce body temperature. The doctor must confirm the diagnosis and clarify if there are any other complications. Treatment of erythema infectiosum is symptomatic and aims to reduce body temperature and improve well-being.

  Measles. To reduce the temperature, you can use paracetamol, rub down with cool wet wipes, and also give the child plenty to drink. Until the body temperature normalizes and the rash disappears, the child should lie in bed. The room should not have bright light that irritates the eye, but it does not need to be darkened either. The child should not strain his eyesight - read, watch TV. The doctor should always confirm the diagnosis of measles and, taking into account possible complications, decide on the use of antibiotics. The doctor also, if necessary, prescribes additional studies.

  Rubella. With rubella, no therapeutic measures are required, except for lowering body temperature, especially in older children. Bed rest for the duration of the rash and an increase in body temperature will not interfere either.

  Meningitis. Treatment for meningococcal sepsis (blood poisoning) or meningococcal meningitis should be started immediately after diagnosis in a hospital. The disease is accompanied by high mortality.

  Scarlet fever. A sick child with scarlet fever should observe bed rest and drink plenty of fluids. Paracetamol will lower your body temperature and relieve a sore throat. Since scarlet fever is a bacterial infection, antibiotics are used in the treatment: penicillin, erythromycin, etc. Children over 2 years old are usually treated at home, but if there are other children in the family who cannot be isolated, then the patient is placed in a hospital.

  Streptoderma. It is necessary to immediately prescribe treatment, as it spreads very quickly and can cause illness to other family members through direct contact or the use of one towel.

  Acute rheumaticesky feverbutdka. Treatment is carried out for a long time, for 1.5-2 months, with the use of antibiotics, hormones and other drugs.

  Herpes, shingles. With these diseases, it is important to keep the skin clean so that infection does not occur. You can wash the skin with soap and water at the site of the rash, in addition, use some disinfectants (antiseptics), but they cause a burning sensation. For treatment, special ointments, creams or tablets are also used. They should be applied as soon as a burning sensation appears. If the blisters burst, then antibiotics should be used as prescribed by the doctor to prevent their infection.

  Furuncle. The site of the boil should be covered with a sterile dressing, where possible, or with an appropriate drug as recommended by the physician. The child should use a separate towel to reduce the risk of infection to other family members. You can not squeeze, pierce, cut off the top of the boil - this contributes to the spread of infection deep into the body. You can also not put warm compresses on boils. A furuncle causes severe inflammation, swelling and pain. Deeply located boils require surgical intervention. Treatment should be carried out only as prescribed by a doctor.

  Allergic rash in a child. If an allergic rash appears, make sure that the baby's body temperature has not risen, he breathes freely, and his health has not been disturbed. Try to remember what new dishes you have introduced to the child's menu in recent days, what powder was used in the laundry, especially if the rash is on the site of belts, elastic bands, clothes - have you used any medications, such as antibiotics or aspirin? Aspirin should not be given to children under 12 years of age. If you think a medicine is causing the allergy, stop taking it and call your local doctor. If your child is prone to allergic reactions, reacts painfully to various environmental factors, limit to a minimum the amount of chemicals that the child's skin may come into contact with, as well as cosmetics, soaps and creams. Use soaps with a neutral effect on the skin, moisturizing, not drying the baby's skin. These funds can be bought at a pharmacy. If, despite your efforts, the rash persists, antihistamine tablets and creams can be used as directed by your doctor. The task of the doctor is to establish the type of allergy and its cause. This can be done using allergy tests with the most common allergens (grass, pollen from flowers, pet dander, dust, mold). Tests are carried out by an allergist.

  Allergic manifestations in one way or another are observed in 50-60% of children. Your task is to prevent allergies from developing to a strong degree, to prevent diseases such as bronchial asthma, asthmatic dermatitis, hay fever, which can appear if you do not pay attention to an allergic rash. All questions on the diagnosis and treatment of allergies are decided only by a doctor. From him you can get advice on nutrition for food allergies, as well as on climate therapy - for pollen. If an allergic rash is accompanied by shortness of breath, call an ambulance immediately - it is life-threatening! Learn more about the mechanisms of occurrence, manifestations and treatment of allergies

  Diaper erythema. To prevent diaper erythema, it is necessary to keep the baby's skin perfectly clean. After each excretion of urine or feces, you need to wash the child with warm water and soap, lubricate the skin with baby cream so that it repels moisture. Do not use diapers or panties made of synthetic materials. Do not use talc or powders as they stick together and irritate the skin. It is very good to leave the child in a warm room without diapers so that the skin breathes (air baths). Wash diapers only with products intended for children's clothing, rinse them well in clean water, dry and iron with a hot iron. Do not use laundry detergents. If the rash persists for more than 2-3 days, you should consult a doctor. Swaddle the baby as often as possible and leave without diapers for as long as possible.

  Prickly heat. To prevent prickly heat, dress children appropriately for the weather, use cotton instead of synthetic fabrics. If the child sweats, bathe him and change his clothes. Don't overheat your baby. If necessary, on the recommendation of a doctor, use medicines in the form of ointments. After a hygienic toilet of the skin (bath, air bath), the rash usually disappears without a trace.

  Purpura. If the rash does not disappear with pressure, it is a sign of purpura. In all cases, if it is present, you should consult a doctor. Treatment is prescribed only by a doctor after special blood tests.

  Insect bites. Wash the bite site with soap and water, and then treat with brilliant green or a special cream. To reduce itching, use antihistamines (suprastin, etc.) in tablets or syrup. If there are many bites or a severe reaction (itching and swelling) has developed, you should consult a doctor to get recommendations for treatment.

  Scabies. Treatment of scabies is carried out with special ointments on the recommendation of a doctor. All family members should be treated at the same time, and the bed and clothes should be washed well and boiled or ironed with a hot iron.

  lice. For the treatment of pediculosis, in addition to special pastes and ointments that the doctor will recommend to you, you can use a kerosene-oil compress. To do this, kerosene and oil are mixed in a 1: 1 ratio, applied to the skin of the scalp and hair, cover the head with plastic wrap, tie a scarf over it and leave for 30 minutes.

  Warts. If the child has only one small wart, do not touch it, it will disappear spontaneously. If the wart is large, painful (on the sole) or there are several of them, or located in a place where it is subjected to friction, you should contact a dermatologist or a cosmetologist, where a qualified consultation will be given and treatment will be carried out. Do not self-medicate warts, especially on the face or around the genitals, it can lead to dangerous complications.

  Atopic eczema. While infantile eczema is highly treatable, you are unfortunately powerless over a child's hereditary predisposition to it. If your child has inherited a tendency to eczema, hay fever, asthma, your task is to avoid environmental factors that can aggravate the disease, regardless of the treatment prescribed. Breastfeeding for up to six months will delay the onset of seborrhea symptoms and alleviate them. You should also eliminate cow's milk, eggs, orange juice, and wheat from your diet until your child is one year old. These allergens aggravate eczema. When buying baby food, keep an eye on the content of the listed products as ingredients. It is necessary to transfer the child to artificial nutrition gradually, starting with vegetables, fruits, meat, buckwheat baby cereals without milk. Finally, some children do not react well to food additives and dyes, so check the content of the ingredients marked with the letter E on the labels.

  Dust mite allergy often causes eczema and asthma, so you should take the necessary measures against this allergen. Patches for minor skin injuries should be hypoallergenic. Woolen fabrics in direct contact with the skin can also cause eczema, so if you can't do without woolen clothes, wear them over cotton underwear. Unfortunately, pet hair and dander are also potential causes of allergies. However, it is very difficult to separate a child from his pet, so think carefully before you bring any animal or bird into the house. Emotional stress can do more harm than good when, on the advice of a doctor, you have to get rid of a pet. Of the many causative agents of eczema, the most powerful are washing powders, rinses, scented soaps, bath foams and shampoos. Although many of these funds have more inert substitutes. It happens that the child itches badly at night when the skin is warm. Then you can put on special mittens for him, after cutting his nails short. And finally, parents should strictly follow the advice of the doctor and use only those ointments that he prescribed.

  Of course, every parent wants his child to have healthy, clean and tender skin, so that he does not have any eczema. Therefore, know that over time the baby will outgrow this unpleasant condition. And if not, then modern methods of treatment will come to his aid. In addition, everyone should know that eczema is not contagious and the child does not need to be isolated or treated in any special way. Of all the variety of types of eczema, the doctor must determine exactly which one the child suffers in order to prescribe the correct treatment. For intolerable itching, the doctor can prescribe an antihistamine, constantly observing the child. In general, treatment for eczema consists of a combination of emollients (oils, fat, water) and steroids.

  Emollients are a combination of oil, fat and water. These include ointments, creams, lotions, or liquid water supplements. Emollients are designed for daily skin care. They protect it from drying out, maintain its softness and elasticity. Emollients prevent itching and further inflammation. These are the most gentle drugs, unlike the steroids used in the treatment. This is especially important to consider in severe cases of eczema, when steroids absorbed by the skin can have an undesirable side effect. When applying emollients, parents must be very careful not to put any other chemicals that they may have on their hands on the skin of the child, even in microdoses. The emollient is best used after bathing. Rub it into the skin of the child should be circular, gentle movements. Babies react differently to different types of emollients, so try to find the best one for your child. If your child is sensitive to lanolin, for example, avoid products that contain it. Emollients can be used continuously. Sometimes it is recommended to close this area of ​​skin with a soft oilcloth after applying the product in order to improve the absorption process. In addition, in this way, soiling of bed linen can be prevented. Water emollients are especially needed. Usually, water has a high degree of hardness and therefore dries out the skin a lot. It also happens that a simple refusal of baths for some time relieves dry skin and significantly improves the well-being of the child. But it is useful to sit in water with a softening additive for 15-30 minutes. However, try to avoid scented cleansers such as soap and shampoo as they destroy the natural oils on your baby's skin. The alternative are moisturizers or oils, which are completely inert but very effective. But I want to warn you: they, like emollients, make the bath very slippery, so do not leave the child in the bath alone unattended. After the bath, the baby does not need to be wiped, but simply blotted with a soft towel, then a moisturizer or oil should be applied to the baby's skin.

  Steroid creams relieve skin inflammation and prevent itching. Their effectiveness depends on the concentration of the drug. Remember the general rule: you should use the mildest steroid creams that only control the disease. Too strong a steroid agent can penetrate the skin into the bloodstream and theoretically lead to unpredictable consequences after prolonged use. The safest is 1% hydrocortisone ointment. It can be used every day and on the face. Sometimes stronger steroid creams are used for severe eczema, but only briefly and under strict control, periodically alternating with fairly weak steroid drugs. If, after applying the cream to the skin, make a thin compress from the film, the medicine is absorbed better. Sometimes, in the most severe cases, weak oral steroids are used, such as prednisolone, which is almost harmless but very effective. Although anti-itch antihistamines are usually available as creams, they are best avoided as they are ineffective. In addition, they may contain additives that cause allergies in children. Non-sedating antihistamine tablets and syrups, used only once a day, are quite good at relieving skin irritation.

  Which doctors to contact in the event of a disease

  emergency doctor

  Family doctor

  Infectionist

  Allergist

  Dermatologist

  Immunologist

  Rheumatologist

  It is not uncommon for children to develop skin rashes. A baby develops a rash when contact with an allergen causes a histamine release reaction in the body, which leads to an unwanted reaction.

  Then parents have to look for the cause and contact the attending physician, since only a specialist is able to distinguish rashes due to an allergic reaction from signs of an infectious disease, such as measles or rubella.

  In this article, we will tell you what an allergic rash looks like in a child, show a photo of its various types with a description (including a rash with food allergies), and tell you what the treatment is.

  What does skin allergy look like: types and localization

  Any allergy is a signal about the disorder of the immune system. If the sensitivity of the body is increased, negative reactions appear upon contact even with factors that are harmless to most people - animal hair, plant pollen, food, medicine, cold air.

  An allergic rash in children can be located on various parts of the body and manifest differently depending on the type of allergen:

  • pustule- a small cavity with purulent contents inside;
• plaque- a flattened formation that rises above the skin;
• papule- a tubercle protruding above the skin with a diameter of up to 5 mm without a cavity inside, which can be probed;
• spot- an area with a changed color that does not protrude above the skin, is not palpable on palpation;
• vesicle- a cavity with a diameter of up to 5 mm with a liquid inside;

  Dr. Komarovsky will tell about the rash in a child:

  Rash due to food allergies in children, it most often appears on the cheeks and in the area around the mouth, contact dermatitis - in the place where the skin came into contact with the allergen.

  BUT hay fever (pollen allergy) can manifest not individual rashes, but general swelling and redness of the face.

  Illustrative photographs of various rashes

  Allergic rash in children on the back, photo:

  

  Allergic rash on the hands of a child, photo:

  

  Allergic rash on the legs and body of a child, allergy photo:

  

  baby eczema

  This type of rash is characterized by the presence of an exudative component - a liquid is released from small blood vessels, which fills the rash.

  The rash may be accompanied peeling, diaper rash, seals. Manifestations are identical to rashes in adults, but in babies the tendency to merge and exudative symptoms are more pronounced.

  Hives

  

  A skin disease also called urticaria (urticaria), refers to dermatitis, which is most often based on an allergic reaction.

  This type of dermatitis got its name due to the similarity of rashes with nettle burns. Flat, slightly raised, light pink to reddish-orange blisters appear quickly and itch intensely.

  Occurs in acute or chronic forms. The duration of the acute variety of urticaria ranges from several days to 1-2 weeks, and the chronic form can last for months or even years, sometimes manifesting itself, then subsiding.

  The most common cause of this rash is medicines or any kind of food.

  You can learn how to properly instill Otipax in a child from this article.

  Reviews of parents on the use of the drug Glycine for children can be found in this material.

  Instructions for the use of Arbidol syrup for children are discussed in detail in our publication.

  cold allergy

  This type of rash is also called cold urticaria. They appear in the form of red spots or nettle fever in response to the cooling of the whole body or some part of it. The resulting rash is itchy and may be accompanied by swelling.

  Multiple formations increase in size and merge with each other over time, turn pale when pressed, cause a burning sensation and itching.

  Atopic dermatitis

  

  This is a chronic dermatitis of an allergic nature, which has a seasonal dependence. In winter, there are usually exacerbations, and in the summer it is time for remission.

  The rash may be lichen-like or exudative (fluid-filled).

  They are usually located in the elbows and knees, armpits, on the face and neck, scalp under the hair, in the groin, under the earlobes.

  Sometimes with atopic dermatitis, keratinized papules appear on the elbows and lateral surfaces of the forearms and shoulders.

  How to distinguish from other diseases

  Due to the variety of types of allergic rashes parents may miss the onset of a serious infectious disease.

  One of the evaluation criteria may be body temperature, which appears extremely rarely with allergies, usually when the child has scratched the rash and infection has occurred.

  But more often than not, the baby feels normal, he may look slightly worried just because of the itching of the skin.

  Rubella manifests itself first on the face, and then spreads throughout the body. Accompanied by high fever and enlarged lymph nodes. May be mistaken for hives.

  The main difference is that urticaria, if it appears, then immediately in a certain area. Lymph nodes do not react to its appearance, body temperature does not rise.

  

  Sweating is also similar to hives, but is accompanied by rashes in the form of small pink spots that appear in "weeping" places - on the neck, in the groin and armpits, under the knees, on the back.

  It is her that the non-specialist is most easily mistaken for an allergy. The main difference is that antiallergic drugs do not work on prickly heat.

  Chickenpox declares itself by fever and lethargy of the child. A red rash appears only after a day and begins to spread rapidly throughout the body, turning into blisters.

  Scabies causes itchy red spots on the skin at night, itching with allergic rashes occurs mainly during the day.

  In addition, with scabies, looking closely, you can see the white stripes left in the upper layers of the skin by the mite.

  Measles on the first day after infection causes fever, weakness, sore throat and dry cough, voice becomes hoarse and often headaches.

  The rash appears after 3-4 days on the abdomen, face and neck, and from there it spreads throughout the body.

  How to treat: basic principles and treatment regimens

  The main task of therapy is allergen identification and elimination. As long as the child is exposed to the irritant that causes the rash, the treatment will be ineffective.

  The doctor will determine the nature of the rash and, in the case of an allergic nature, determine measures to detect the allergen. In mild cases, it is enough to eliminate the factor that causes irritation, and the baby's skin is cleared.

  

  • sorbents: remove toxins and allergic components (activated carbon, Laktofiltrum, Polysorb);
• cool compresses or anti-itch lotions: to relieve the condition (Calamine);
• sedatives: to eliminate increased excitability (valerian tablets, lemon balm decoction, motherwort);
• antiallergic ointments: for cases accompanied by profuse rashes (Advantan, Fenistil-gel);
• decoctions of herbs: to relieve irritation, eliminate puffiness, itching (baths with sage, string, chamomile).

Dr. Komarovsky will tell about allergy medicines:

If necessary, resort to medical treatment, are used antihistamines considered first line therapy.

In difficult cases therapy must be supplemented with anti-inflammatory drugs and immunosuppressants, which are considered the last line of therapy and are used in extremely difficult cases due to potentially severe side effects.

If you are interested in whether it is possible to give Acipol to a one-month-old baby, we recommend that you read our publication.

Reviews on the use of the drug Miramistin for children are presented for review in this material.

Instructions for use and the price of the drug Faringosept for children - in this article.

What not to do with this disease

Self-medication is the first thing to forget not only with allergic rashes, but also with any disease.

With any rashes in a baby, you can not:

• lubricate them with agents that color the skin and interfere with the diagnosis;



It is possible that the rash that appears will pass quickly and without treatment., but we must not forget that it can be a symptom of an infectious disease that threatens not only health, but also life, so a visit to the doctor cannot be postponed.

When rashes appear on the child's body, parents should not try to replace all domestic medicine with themselves. You need to first ask the baby about well-being, then measure the temperature, and if it is not elevated, go to the doctor, and if it is elevated, call the doctor at home.

Before talking with him, be sure to remember what new food appeared in the diet, with which plants and animals there were contacts.

An allergic rash can cause significant inconvenience and without appropriate treatment and preventive measures, develop into a chronic disease.

But now you know what to do if the child has an allergy and a rash all over the body, how to treat it - smear the skin and what to give inside, and what to do if the allergic rash does not go away for a long time.

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Allergic rash: photos in children of different ages, causes of acute reactions and types of allergens



An allergic rash in children often appears upon contact with irritants of various kinds. Skin redness, nodules, blisters, severe or mild itching, doctors fix in most children with hypersensitivity syndrome.

Why do rashes appear on the skin of the baby? How to protect a preschooler from contact dermatitis? How to provide first aid to children with a severe form of an acute reaction? Parents will benefit from the advice of allergists and herbalists.

Causes of allergic dermatoses



Reactions on the skin - the body's response to the action of one or more stimuli. The immune system of a child, especially a younger one, is weak enough to counteract the effects of allergens. With increased sensitivity of the body, an immediate reaction follows, the body becomes covered with a rash, itching, redness occurs, often the tissues swell.

Allergic rash ICD code - 10 - L50.0 - L50.9. Allergic urticaria in the international classifier is in the section "Skin diseases and erythema". Subsection L50.1. - the body's response to household, medicinal or food allergens, L 50.3 - a reaction to the effects of high and low temperatures.

Main groups of allergens: table



Doctors distinguish several types of allergies in children:

According to the nature of the flow, they distinguish:

• acute form (symptoms with adequate treatment disappear after a few days);
• chronic form (negative signs persist for a month and a half, the child is lethargic, capricious).
• a lightning-fast type of allergic reaction is a dangerous condition of the body. After contact with the skin rash irritant, other signs are noticeable after 20-30 minutes. The reaction is often violent: swelling develops quickly, redness appears, the body itches, blisters, red spots are visible on the face, neck, back, the general condition worsens;
• one of the causes of atopic dermatitis is a genetic predisposition. If the mother or father suffers from food, drug or other allergies, the likelihood of developing such manifestations in the baby reaches 50%. If both parents are allergic, in 70-80% of cases, such manifestations occur in children.

Find out the instructions for using Cetirizine tablets for allergies in adults and children.

Read about the characteristic symptoms and treatments for allergic conjunctivitis in children here.

Characteristic symptoms

What does an allergic rash look like? Typical signs of an allergic reaction on the skin:

• pimples, papules, blisters of different sizes in the same area or in different places;
• itching, often severe, burning, inflammation when combing the affected areas;
• hyperemia (redness) of places where papules or blisters appeared. Sometimes redness is noticeable over a large area, the problem area often swells. Sometimes small spots merge, the body is covered with a red-pink or red-orange layer of rashes;
• soreness of the affected areas due to scratching and severe itching;
• swelling or pronounced puffiness, depending on the form, type and nature of the disease. Edema of the face, eyelids, larynx, tongue, oral mucosa, and internal organs is especially dangerous.

Localization

In most children, the characteristic signs of a skin allergic reaction appear in the following areas:



Less commonly, rashes are noticeable in other areas:

Diagnostics

If signs of an allergic reaction appear, parents should consult an allergist, an immunologist. In a serious condition of the child, you will have to call an ambulance for inpatient treatment.

Before visiting a doctor, it is important to remember:

• what did the baby eat?
• when breastfeeding, a woman should analyze her diet, tell the doctor the details;
• what types of complementary foods have been introduced recently;
• what drugs did the little patient take;
• whether there was contact with chemicals;
• whether dangerous grasses and trees grow near the house.
• blood chemistry;
• allergy tests;
• a blood test to determine the level of immunoglobulin (LgE).

General rules and methods of treatment

The task of parents is not to panic, but to immediately seek medical help in case of an acute reaction of the body. Knowing the rules will help to quickly eliminate the symptoms of allergic dermatosis in children.



The main methods of treatment of allergic rash:

• antihistamines to eliminate swelling, rashes, itching. Babies are more often prescribed syrup and drops, tablets are allowed from 6–12 years old. It is obligatory to take into account the age of the young patient. Effective drugs: Zirtek, Zodak, Fenistil, Claritin, Suprastin;
• glucocorticosteroids for severe reactions, for example, Prednisolone, Hydrocortisone ointment;
• sorbents according to age for the fastest removal of the allergen from the body. Polysorb, Enterosgel, Smekta, Laktofiltrum;
• diuretics with severe swelling: herbal preparations, Furosemide;
• sedatives that relieve tension of the nervous system, normalize sleep. Decoction of motherwort, valerian tablets, decoction of lemon balm;
• antihistamine ointments and gels: Fenistil, Elokom, Advantan;
• the introduction of a solution of diphenhydramine, calcium chloride;
• compresses or baths with string, yarrow, sage, chamomile or based on a collection of these herbs. Brew 2 tbsp. l. raw materials in a liter of boiling water, leave for 40 minutes, filter, pour into a bath with warm, but not very hot water. The duration of the soothing procedure is a quarter of an hour;
• nettle decoction, which purifies the blood. Trusted folk remedy. For 200 ml of boiling water, take 1 tsp. leaves, steam, strain after two hours. Drink a small allergy sufferer every day, give half a glass of decoction in two doses, the duration of therapy is 1.5–2 months.

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Allergic rash in babies

The main reason is the penetration of allergens with mother's milk or the reaction to the components of baby food when switching to artificial feeding. Immunity in newborns and children up to a year is weak, an acute response of the body follows immediately. Any changes in the diet of a nursing mother immediately affect the quality of milk, affect the condition of the baby.

When the mother consumes prohibited foods, allergic dermatosis manifests itself quickly, the signs are clearly visible:

• cheeks, arms, neck, forearms, buttocks are covered with red spots;
• gradually the rash “blurs”, merges into one spot;
• skin is slightly swollen;
• gradually small bubbles with liquid inside appear in the affected areas;
• with true allergies, the skin not only becomes covered with a rash, but also becomes rough, the redness of the epidermis is clearly visible;
• itching occurs, the baby is naughty, does not sleep well, sometimes a dry cough develops;
• in some babies, loose stools appear, appetite disappears, and the general condition worsens.



• be sure to contact an allergist;
• a nursing mother should strictly monitor the diet, eat only allowed foods;
• you can not wrap the baby, otherwise prickly heat will occur;
• properly care for the buttocks, inguinal folds, genitals of the baby, strictly observe the rules of hygiene;
• purchase washing powders marked "hypoallergenic";
• clean the nursery more often, prevent the accumulation of dust;
• in case of allergic reactions in babies under one year old, birds, a cat or a dog should not be kept at home;
• give the child medicines only as prescribed by the pediatrician.

Pathology in older children

At preschool and school age, doctors often observe negative reactions. There are more allergens, the child expands his social circle, travels with his parents, encounters irritants that were not discussed in infancy.

With a weakness of the immune system, congenital sensitization of the body, cases of a vivid reaction with an active release of histamine, noticeable signs on the skin become more frequent. Pollinosis, food allergy, response to medication are often observed.

The main allergens for older children:

• plant pollen;
• some products;
• washing powders;
• cosmetical tools;
• bites of stinging insects;
• reaction to ultraviolet and cold;
• wool of domestic cats, dogs, fluff / feather of parrots;
• food for fish and rodents.
• together with the doctor to find out the cause of allergic dermatosis, to identify irritants;
• consider ways to eliminate (remove) allergens or limit contact with hazardous substances (plants, products);
• weed control, refusal to breed indoor flowers that cause allergies;
• refuse to use household chemicals in the form of a powder or spray;
• washing children's clothes and linen with hypoallergenic compounds;
• a strict diet with the exclusion of all foods that provoke allergic reactions;
• selection of delicate cosmetic compositions for the care of the child's body and hair;
• limiting the amount of medication if parents often give pills or medicated syrups without a doctor's recommendation;
• strengthening immunity, balanced nutrition, vitamin complexes;
• outdoor walks, health improvement of the child in camps, boarding houses, sanatoriums.

Preventive measures

• limiting contact with allergens;
• keeping the house clean;
• a minimum of items in the apartment that attract dust;
• proper nutrition;
• strengthening immunity;
• refusal of uncontrolled intake of drugs;
• careful care of pets, no tufts of wool on the floor;
• proper care of children, compliance with hygiene requirements.

Every mother, seeing a rash on the skin of her child, immediately asks the question: what did it come from? In the next video, Dr. Komarovsky will tell the main causes of an allergic rash in children, as well as the treatment of pathology:

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Causes of an allergic rash in children: photos of rashes, characteristics and effective methods of treatment



Poor ecology, low-quality products, polluted water significantly increase the risk of allergic reactions. Frequent illnesses require taking medications, immunity weakens, sensitization of the body increases.

Unfortunately, allergic rashes are not uncommon in young children. The release of histamine to fight allergens causes skin reactions of a different nature. Detailed information about an allergic rash will help distinguish a pronounced reaction to an irritant from signs of infectious diseases.

Reasons for the appearance



Doctors have found that a rash, as a manifestation of an allergy, is a signal of disorders of the immune system. With increased sensitization of the body, negative reactions appear even when in contact with harmless substances: pollen, products. Sometimes irritants are pets (or rather, their hair), cold and sunlight.

• household chemicals, baby care cosmetics. The reaction appears almost instantly or occurs as the wrong composition accumulates;
• products. Main allergens: chocolate, honey, citrus fruits, fruits, red and orange vegetables. A skin rash often occurs after eating fatty cow's milk, strawberries, nuts, seafood. Acute / chronic urticaria, Quincke's edema (the most severe form) - forms of food allergies; (You can learn more about food allergies in this article);
• pet hair. The smallest scales, gradually falling off the cat's skin, dry up, spread around the room. Indoors, a high concentration of the allergen was noted. That is why there are no negative reactions if the child strokes the cat on the street, but when communicating with the pet Murzik, lacrimation, a rash on the face, and sneezing appear;
• dry fish food is another common allergen. Small particles penetrate the respiratory tract, larynx, cause swelling, rash on the face, cough, allergic rhinitis. For this reason, it is forbidden to keep an aquarium in the bedroom. If you are allergic to dry food, replace it with live food or give the aquarium to relatives;
• medicines. It is not always possible to determine which medications provoke allergies in a particular child. Most often it is antibiotics. If serious, long-term treatment with the use of potent drugs is required, the doctor will definitely prescribe antihistamines. These funds will protect the body from possible negative reactions;
• pollen. Seasonal allergies often occur in late spring (poplar fluff, “earrings” near birch) and late summer (ragweed). The main symptoms are allergic rhinitis, skin rashes, swelling of the face, lacrimation, sneezing. In severe cases, allergists strongly recommend taking children out of the city until the flowering period of dangerous plants is over.

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• toxicosis at various stages of pregnancy;
• severe viral infections in early childhood;
• artificial feeding (since birth or early refusal of breast milk);
• autoimmune pathologies;
• weakened immunity after serious illnesses, with malnutrition, lack of vitamins; (Read more about how to strengthen the child's immunity in this article);
• bad ecology;
• malnutrition of a woman during pregnancy, the use of foods that provoke allergies;
• hereditary predisposition;
• long-term use of potent drugs.

Types of allergic rash



Increased sensitization (sensitivity) of the body is of two types:

• hereditary. Are your parents (mum or dad) allergic? The baby is highly likely to inherit a tendency to allergic reactions;
• acquired. The problem arises when the body's defenses are reduced after an illness, due to malnutrition. The immune system reacts sharply to potential irritants, with pronounced skin symptoms. Sometimes an allergy provokes the use of a large amount of a certain product.

An allergic rash on the body has a different localization, manifests itself both in the form of light, pinkish spots, and large red formations with an uneven, rough surface, as in eczema.

According to the nature of the clinical manifestations, rashes with allergies in children are divided into three groups. Each variety has characteristic symptoms.

• Contact dermatitis occurs when you come into contact with a potential allergen. The affected area itches badly, the child rubs, combs the skin until it bleeds. Rashes are often complicated by secondary infection;
• atopic or allergic dermatitis. Vivid manifestations: red crusts are visible on the folds of the legs and arms, cheeks. Formations protrude above the skin, coarsen, ichor appears from the edges.

Hives

A common form of allergic rashes. This type of disease looks like reddish / red-orange spots of various shapes and sizes. After pressing in the center of the problem area, whitish blotches are noticeable.

Urticaria is acute and chronic. Symptoms occur immediately after contact with an irritant, especially when antibiotics are used. In some forms, symptoms appear gradually.

With dangerous angioedema (giant urticaria), not only spots are observed, but also swelling of the face, lips, larynx, which threatens with suffocation. An immediate ambulance call is required.

Exudative diathesis



With diathesis, rashes most often occur in babies aged 6 months to a year old. Manifestations resemble childhood eczema, occur with a certain frequency. Often the problem is hereditary. The danger of this type of allergic reaction is damage to the nervous system.

In addition to itchy foci filled with exudate, other signs are noticeable:

baby eczema

This type of allergic rash causes a lot of suffering to the baby:

• on the ankles, face, hands, neck, there are multiple foci that rise above the surface;
• inside there is a liquid (exudate) with irritating properties;
• gradually the affected areas dry up, crusts appear, the surface cracks, itches a lot;
• when combing, a secondary infection easily penetrates into the wounds, the condition of deep tissues worsens;
• damage to the nervous system is added to the foci of inflammation, the condition of the sick child becomes critical;
• in severe cases, neglected eczema can lead to sad consequences.

Characteristics

How not to confuse an allergic rash with other diseases? Perhaps the child has rubella or measles, and parents in vain “blame” oranges or a couple of chocolates for the problem.

Look at the table. Find out which symptoms are typical for infectious diseases, which ones are for allergic rashes.

You can learn more about childhood infectious diseases on our website. For example, it is written about scarlet fever here; read about windmill on this page.

Diagnostics

A timely, accurate diagnosis allows you to immediately begin the fight against allergies. Do not confuse viral infections and rashes of an allergic nature.

Effective Treatments



How to treat an allergic rash? Most types of rashes respond well to treatment, if the influence of harmful factors is excluded, and a chronic course is prevented. With a hereditary form accompanied by relapses, it is important to follow preventive measures in order to minimize the impact of negative factors.

In the absence of control over the child's nutrition, frequent medication, weak immunity, the risk of an allergic rash and other symptoms increases dramatically.

How to eliminate skin rashes and other signs of allergies:

• first rule. After identifying the irritant, protect the child from contact with him;
• sedatives. Relieve irritation, itching of the skin. Give the children motherwort, a decoction of lemon balm, valerian tablets;
• antihistamines. Remove the manifestations of allergies, block the flow of histamine into the blood. The doctor will prescribe Erius, Tsetrin, Zirtek, Diazolin, Suprastin, Claritin;
• sorbents. Effective means for removing toxins and allergic components from the body. Recommended Enterosgel, Polysorb, activated or white coal, Laktofiltrum;
• antihistamine ointments. With abundant rashes, cracked surfaces, smear problem areas with Fenistil-gel, Advantan;
• severe forms of allergies. The doctor will add potent drugs: Hydrocortisone or Prednisolone. Use for a limited time as directed by the allergist, never buy hormonal ointments on your own to avoid side effects;
• cleansing the body, relieving stress of the nervous system. Diphenhydramine, calcium chloride;
• herbal decoctions. Be sure to make lotions, bathe a small allergic person with the addition of healing infusions and decoctions. Relieve itching, swelling, soothe irritated areas of chamomile, string, sage. Be sure to consult your doctor;
• blood purification. With frequent bouts of allergies, brew nettle decoction for children. 1 tsp is enough for a glass of boiling water. dry leaves. After 40 minutes, remove the greens, strain, give the little patient ½ cup twice a day;
• diuretic drugs. Tablets, decoctions are recommended for severe tissue swelling, for the speedy removal of the allergen from the body. Brew juniper twigs, lingonberry leaves, bearberry, give Furosemide. Always consult about diuretic herbs: the doctor will tell you if folk remedies are allowed, taking into account the age of the young patient.

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Prevention measures



• strengthening the immune system;
• refusal to contact with the allergen;
• proper nutrition, restriction (exclusion from the menu of potentially dangerous foods);
• hardening, healthy sleep, daily routine;
• vitamin therapy, intake of mineral complexes, nutritional supplements according to age;
• destruction of weeds in the area adjacent to the house, refusal to walk in places where "dangerous" trees and shrubs grow;
• temporary removal of the baby from the settlement in case of a severe reaction to plant pollen. It is important to know the exact period of seasonal allergies;
• minimal use of household chemicals, the use of powders suitable for washing baby clothes;
• baby care using only high-quality, hypoallergenic creams, shampoos, soaps without dyes and irritating components;
• if there is a newborn or young children in the house, refrain from using strong perfumes, deodorants: substances in the form of a spray often provoke allergic reactions;
• make sure that the baby does not come into contact with metals, synthetic fabrics, cannot get to the packages of washing powder, cleaning products, varnishes, cosmetics;
• regular visits to the pediatrician. At the slightest suspicion of sensitization of the body, ask for a referral to a consultation with an allergist.

Video. Children's doctor Komarovsky about children's allergic rash:

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Causes of an allergic rash in children: photos, treatment methods, useful recommendations



Allergy manifestations have a variety of forms - from lacrimation, runny nose, sneezing to anaphylactic shock, often causing death. An allergic rash in children is a common reaction to various irritants.

Signs of skin allergies occur in children of all ages. The difference is only in the reasons that caused a pronounced response of the body. How to recognize skin allergies in children? How to act correctly? Listen to the opinion of experts.

Causes

Allergodermatoses occur in almost 2/3 of children with allergies. Simply put, more than half of allergic children have skin manifestations.

• poor quality breast milk. Babies suffer from breastfeeding. The fault lies with the mother. A woman consumes foods that cause allergies in a baby. Fatty milk, citrus fruits, honey, chocolate, fruits, orange, red vegetables provoke a rash. Eggs, foods with dyes and preservatives are dangerous;
• natural factors. Low temperatures, sunlight, overheating of the body. The second group - plant pollen, insect bites, "burn" leaves of some plants, animal hair;
• taking medications. Many types of drugs cause allergies. Often, rashes on the skin, swelling, redness appear after taking antibiotics and syrups containing dyes, flavors, and other not very useful components;
• chemical irritants. The main allergens are household chemicals, cosmetics, washing powders.

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Symptoms and Diagnosis

It is important not to confuse an allergic rash in a child with idiosyncrasy - the body's reaction to chemicals. Violation of metabolic processes has nothing to do with the increased sensitivity of the immune system.

At the diagnostic stage, the doctor prescribes tests to differentiate allergies from infectious diseases accompanied by skin rashes. Most often it is scarlet fever, rubella, chickenpox, measles. (Read about chickenpox in adults here; rubella in adults is written on this page).

Many viral skin infections have specific symptoms. The doctor will help:

• detailed analysis of the medical history;
• blood chemistry.
• determination of immunoglobulin (IgE);
• allergy tests.

An experienced specialist in most cases quickly understands what he is dealing with. In rare cases, it is difficult to make a diagnosis. One of these chameleon diseases is roseola or three-day sickness.

Symptoms of a viral disease in babies are often mistaken for allergy symptoms. Only on the fourth day it turns out that the cause is the herpes virus. Fortunately, this illness passes quickly.

• Allergic reactions of the lightning type appear within a short period after contact with the allergen. It is difficult to confuse them with diseases of a non-allergic nature;
• with allergic contact dermatitis, it is easy to determine the place where contact with the allergen occurred. It is in this area of ​​the body that the symptoms appear.

Parents need to know the characteristic signs of allergic reactions. Main manifestations:

• redness of the skin in certain areas or throughout the body;
• the appearance of blisters, pimples, papules;
• puffiness;
• inflammation of the skin;
• itching, often unbearable;
• burning, soreness, scratching.

There are two types of allergies:

• acute. Signs appear soon after contact with the irritant. Places of localization - face, folds, upper body;
• chronic. Rashes for various reasons persist for 1-1.5 months. The symptoms are the same, but the state of health is deteriorating. With a long course, the child becomes capricious, sleeps poorly, appetite disappears.

Remember the signs of major allergic diseases, accompanied by manifestations on the skin. With some varieties, for example, Quincke's edema, cases, the health and life of the child depends on your knowledge and competent actions before the doctor arrives.

contact dermatitis

Activation of the immune system occurs when the skin comes into contact with a certain allergen. In children, these are woolen things, creams, ointments, chemicals that were used to treat the bed.

• puffiness;
• redness;
• bubbles filled with liquid;
• often after the opening of the bubbles, secondary infection, the appearance of erosions are possible.

Read more about contact dermatitis here. Everything about sunburn is written here. Learn about allergic dermatitis on this page.

Hives

An allergic reaction occurs under the influence of many factors:



• certain products;
• cold, wind;
• friction;
• some medicines;
• nervous disorders.
• itchy papules;
• redness of the areas around the blisters;
• the size of the formation of a pink-red color is 0.5–15 cm;
• slight swelling of the affected areas.

Important! The disease has both acute and chronic forms. Manifestations of urticaria after taking medication, eliminating the cause disappear without a trace.

We have a separate article about urticaria in children; about urticaria in adults is written in this article.

Quincke's edema

The second name is giant urticaria. A severe form of allergy requires urgent action. Local edema of mucous membranes, skin, subcutaneous fat occurs with a sharp reaction of the immune system.

• taking medications;
• insect bite;
• excessive consumption of foods that cause allergies.
• increased vascular permeability;
• a large amount of histamine is released;
• on the face, mucous membranes, sometimes in the genital area, swelling appears on the hips;
• integuments are condensed, sometimes turn pink, more often turn pale;
• in some children, large purple spots appear on the body, slightly rising above the skin.

All the details about Quincke's edema are written at this address.

Lyell's syndrome

Danger signs appear with the use of certain drugs. Severe pathology requires immediate hospitalization and competent assistance.

• a sharp deterioration in the condition;
• temperature rise;
• severe intoxication;
• the appearance of rashes resembling a measles rash;
• after a few hours, large flat blisters filled with blood or a clear liquid are noticeable on the body;
• the symptom of Nikolsky is dangerous - the skin peels off, it is worth running a finger over it;
• flat blisters open, erosion occurs;
• internal organs are affected.

Important! Don't waste time. Call an ambulance at the first sign.

Atopic dermatitis

The skin becomes inflamed when the immune system is hypersensitive to a particular allergen. Aseptic form, there are no viruses or bacteria on the skin. hereditary disease.

• capillary damage provokes an allergic reaction;
• the skin turns red, begins to peel off, the child develops a small rash;
• swelling develops;
• the affected areas with distinct edges itch;
• after scratching, a bacterial or viral infection often joins, purulent discharge appears.

Important! The danger of atopic dermatitis is a combination with other diseases of an allergic nature - hay fever, urticaria, bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis. The most severe form is erythroderma, accompanied by general intoxication, headaches, and poor health.

Basic Treatments

How to treat an allergic rash in a child? The main methods of therapy:

• elimination (removal) of the allergen. Hypoallergenic diet, refusal to use household chemicals, cosmetics for child skin care;
• taking antihistamines to relieve itching and swelling according to the age of the patient. The choice is wide - Suprastin, Zirtek, Tavegil, Diazolin, Cetrin, Claritin;
• the appointment of sorbents that remove toxins. Recommended Enterosgel, White coal, Laktofiltrum, activated carbon, Polysorb;
• the introduction of calcium chloride, diphenhydramine solution;
• the use of sedatives that calm the nervous system - valerian tablets, a decoction of motherwort, a calming collection;
• the use of antihistamine ointments. Advantan, Fenistil-gel, Elocom are effective;
• with severe swelling, diuretics are recommended, for example, Furosemide, herbal preparations;
• in severe forms of allergic reactions (in extreme cases), ointments with corticosteroids are needed - Prednisolone, Hydrocortisone.

Folk remedies and recipes

Use home remedies for allergic rashes in children. Be sure to consult with an allergist, pediatrician or dermatologist. Traditional medicine recipes are an excellent addition to traditional medicines.

• baths with a decoction of medicinal herbs. Soak in a liter of boiling water for a tablespoon of chamomile, succession, calendula. You can add the same amount of sage. Insist 30 minutes. Pour the strained broth into warm water. The duration of the procedure is no more than 20 minutes;
• nettle infusion for blood purification. Pour 200 ml of boiling water over a teaspoon of dry leaves. Leave for a couple of hours. Strain, give the child ½ cup daily for a month;
• decoction of calendula. It will take 20 g of dry flowers, 0.5 liters of water. Let it boil for 3 minutes, wrap the container. Strain after an hour. Before breakfast, lunch and dinner, drink the baby with a healing decoction in a tablespoon;
• a decoction of burdock and dandelion roots. Strengthens the body, cleanses the blood. Wash the roots, finely chop, take 50 g of raw materials, pour 500 ml of water. Leave the saucepan, let it brew for 5-6 hours. Boil, strain after half an hour. Take half a glass twice a day before meals. The duration of treatment is two months.

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After identifying a predisposition to allergies, follow the recommendations:

• protect the child from exposure to allergens;
• follow a hypoallergenic diet;
• strengthen the immune system;
• use new skin care products carefully;
• buy children clothes made from natural fabrics;
• use special powders and compositions for washing;
• keep the house in order, avoid the accumulation of dust.

Agree. We didn’t have an allergic rash, thank God, but we encountered the so-called diaper dermatitis - once a severe diaper rash arose on the pope. She treated her baby's skin with Panthenolspray (I heard earlier that dexpanthenol, which is part of this remedy, has a skin-restoring property, and can also relieve inflammation) - both redness and inflammation disappeared, the rash disappeared all. And, yes, there is one clarification: I bought Panthenolspray with a smiley next to the name - this is a distinctive sign of the European, original spray (medical)

Thanks, great article. My son once had redness, but it turned out that this is not an allergy.

Rita, what did you have? It’s the same with us - God has mercy on allergies, but diaper rash has become more frequent at one time. We were saved by Panthenol Spray (here it was mentioned above) - it turned out to be a cool remedy, based on dexpanthenol, which has a regenerative property - everything healed in just a few days. And yes, I also have a smiley face on the packaging of this spray - when I bought it, they told me that it was the original German, I immediately took it. And she didn't regret it.

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Hello dear readers! Today we will touch on such a topic as - an allergic rash in children.

This phenomenon is very common in childhood. We will tell you what it is connected with, and what symptoms indicate the development of the disease.

Together we will learn how to eliminate the disease and follow the basic advice of the attending physician.

Everything you need to know about rashes

An allergic rash on the body of a child is a manifestation of a specific reaction. This is due to the excessive production of histamine, which lives in the human skin.

Its production is carried out after contact with a potentially hazardous substance. In this connection, rashes are fixed on the skin.

Often, a protracted form of the rash is accompanied by the formation of crusts of various sizes. When combed and infection gets into them, blisters are formed with cloudy contents inside. Over time, weeping wounds appear.

The child's body responds negatively to several types of allergens at once. Therefore, the main provocateur of a negative reaction is not so easy to identify.

It is noteworthy that many substances are classified as safe, and are harmless to most children.

In this matter, the main role is played by the weakness of the protective functions of the body and the tendency to develop allergic reactions.

Allergic rashes are of several types:

• rashes accompanied by swelling;
• eczema, inflammatory;
• atopic dermatitis.

Each type of rash has its own etiology of development and pathogenesis. We will not delve into each pathology separately and characterize only their common features.

After all, it is still impossible to determine the type of allergic rash on your own.

Why does a rash appear

Photos of an allergic rash in children do not represent the most pleasant picture. In some cases, an ordinary rash can lead to complete infection of the skin.

So why is such a formidable reaction developing? Let's figure it out together.

A rash is just a local change in the condition of the skin. Rashes can be both isolated and indicate the development of serious diseases.

In our case, the rash is a consequence of a potentially dangerous substance. What acts as an allergen? The main provocateurs of a negative reaction are:

• insect bites;
• infectious lesions of the skin;
• blood clotting disorders;
• mechanical damage to the skin;
• direct impact.

An acute reaction can be the result of contact with animal hair and even cosmetics.

Modern creams are based on dangerous components that can provoke a negative reaction from the skin.

Symptoms

What does an allergic rash look like in children and is it difficult to recognize? It is impossible to leave this phenomenon unnoticed.

The disease is accompanied by an extensive clinical picture. Naturally, rashes are the main symptom.

However, this symptom can be the result of many other diseases. Therefore, it is important to know other clinical manifestations.

With contact allergies, rashes appear at the points of contact of the allergen with the skin, for example,.

Creams and even foods can provoke a negative reaction.

Often, the delicate skin of a child suffers from the effects of drugs. This once again emphasizes the need to visit a doctor.




Independent attempts to eliminate any ailment can lead to disastrous consequences.

The main symptoms of an allergic rash are as follows:

• redness on the skin;
• the appearance of additional elements, in particular spots, papules and blisters;
• severe swelling of the skin;
• skin itching;
• the appearance of infectious foci when combing the affected area;
• development of wounds and erosions;
• crust formation.

Along with the above symptoms, the behavior of the child also changes. The kid becomes restless, he is constantly naughty and hysterical.




In severe cases, the child cannot be fed, he refuses any food. Due to severe itching, the child does not sleep well.

In the acute form of the pathological process, lightning-fast development of symptoms is recorded. Abundant rashes are observed on the skin of the face and in the folds of the body.

If the rash is present for a month and does not disappear on its own, it is most likely a chronic form of the pathological process.

It negatively affects the general well-being of the child. The kid is constantly naughty, he has a poor appetite, nervousness and irritability appear.

How to deal with a rash

Treatment should be carried out under the supervision of an experienced specialist. Dear parents, do not self-medicate!

The body of the crumbs is malleable to the negative influence of environmental factors. Do not exacerbate an already difficult situation.

If a rash develops, make an appointment with your pediatrician. Consultation with an experienced specialist will allow you to exclude a number of more serious diseases and prescribe the optimal treatment regimen.

Before starting therapy, a number of laboratory tests are carried out. They will determine the type of allergen. After all, not all varieties of an allergic reaction can be eliminated by a standard exposure scheme. Consider this fact!

After the allergen is determined, the specialist prescribes medication.

How long the disease passes, subject to all the doctor's recommendations, depends on the individual characteristics of the child's body and the type of hazardous substance.

Regardless of these criteria, therapy begins with. Their action is aimed at stopping histamine, which is actively involved in the development of negative symptoms.

The most popular antihistamines include: Diazolin, Claritin and Suprastin.

They effectively stop negative manifestations, but at the same time do not affect the allergen itself. With increased excitability of the baby, it is advisable to use funds with a light sedative effect, in particular Tavegil.

In addition to antihistamines, it is advisable to use topical preparations.

These include ointments and creams that stop itching and accelerate the healing process of the resulting wounds. All drugs are prescribed by a doctor.

Is it possible to bathe a child with an allergic rash and how to carry out standard hygiene procedures?

If there is a prescription for the use of ointments and creams in the treatment regimen, bathing is canceled for the period of drug exposure. This is due to the special action of local action.

Special preparations create a film on the skin that protects against re-infection.

Therefore, after applying the ointment, water procedures are excluded. To speed up recovery, it is also necessary to exclude contact with a potentially dangerous allergen.

Important to remember

1. An allergic rash is a consequence of the contact effect of a potentially hazardous substance on the skin of a child.
2. The disease has no specific symptoms, which excludes the process of self-diagnosis.
3. Treatment is carried out under the supervision of a physician, in compliance with preventive measures.

See you in the next article!

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