Every parent dreams that their child will be born healthy and grow up beautiful and smart. Fortunately, in most cases this happens, but sometimes there are unpleasant exceptions.
Modern medicine has made great strides forward, and many dangerous diseases are already curable. But there are rare and strange diseases that have not yet been studied enough. Even the best doctors are unable to understand the causes of their occurrence and help people who suffer from them.
1. Dysgraphia, dyslexia, dyscalcuria
At first, everything looks completely normal: the child grows, plays, learns. But at certain times, parents are faced with strange problems. It is absolutely impossible to teach their children to read, write, and count. What is the reason and what to do? Is it just laziness or some strange disease?
Written speech consists of two types of speech activity - writing and reading. Strange and somewhat scary words like dysgraphia and dyslexia mean the inability or difficulty in mastering writing and reading. Most often they are observed simultaneously, but sometimes they can occur separately. A complete inability to read is called alexia, a complete inability to write is called agraphia.
Many doctors do not consider these deviations to be a disease, but attribute them to the structural features of the brain with a completely different worldview and a different view of familiar things. Dyslexia should be corrected, not cured. The inability to read and write can be complete or partial: the inability to understand letters and symbols, entire words and sentences, or complete text. A child can be taught to write, but at the same time he makes a lot of blots and confuses letters and symbols. And, of course, this does not happen because of inattention or laziness. This needs to be understood. This child needs specialist help.
The previous symptoms are often accompanied by another unpleasant symptom – dyscalcuria. It is characterized by an inability to understand numbers, which is likely due to an inability to understand letters and symbols when reading. Sometimes children perform operations with numbers in their heads quite well, but they cannot complete tasks described in text. This probably happens because a person does not have the ability to perceive the text as a whole.
Unfortunately, modern medicine does not yet provide a definite answer to the question of why a dyslexic cannot learn to read, write, or count either at 6 or 12 years old, or as an adult.
2. Dyspraxia - lack of coordination
This abnormality is characterized by the inability to perform simple tasks, such as brushing teeth or tying shoelaces. The trouble for parents is that they do not understand the specifics of this behavior, and instead of paying due attention, they show anger and irritation.
But, in addition to childhood diseases, there are many such, no less strange, ailments that a person encounters in adulthood. You most likely have never even heard of some of them.
3. Micropsia or Alice in Wonderland syndrome
This is fortunately a fairly rare neurological disorder that affects people's visual perception. Patients see people, animals and objects around them much smaller than they really are. In addition, the distances between them appear distorted. This disease is often called “Lilliputian vision,” although it affects not only vision, but also hearing and touch. Even your own body may seem completely different. Typically, the syndrome continues even when the eyes are closed and more often appears at nightfall, when the brain lacks information about the size of surrounding objects.
4. Stendhal syndrome
A person may not even realize that he has a disease of this kind until his first visit to an art gallery. When he gets into a place where there is a large number of art objects, he begins to experience severe symptoms of a panic attack: rapid heartbeat, dizziness, increased heart rate and even hallucinations. In one of the galleries in Florence, such cases often occurred with tourists, which served as the basis for the description of this disease. This disease got its name thanks to the famous writer Stendhal, who described similar symptoms in his book “Naples and Florence.”
5. Maine Jumping Frenchman Syndrome
The main symptom of this rather rare genetic disease is considered to be severe fear. Such patients, at the slightest sound stimulus, jump up, scream, wave their arms, then fall, roll on the floor and cannot calm down for a long time. This disease was first recorded in the United States in 1878 by a French lumberjack in Maine. This is where its name comes from. Another name for it is heightened reflection.
6. Urbach-Wiethe disease
Sometimes this more than strange disease is called the “brave lion” syndrome. This is a very rare genetic disease, the main symptom of which is an almost complete absence of fear. Numerous studies have shown that the absence of fear is not the cause of the disease, but is a consequence of the destruction of the amygdala of the brain. Typically, such patients have a hoarse voice and wrinkled skin. Fortunately, since the discovery of this disease, less than 300 cases of its manifestation have been recorded in the medical literature.
7. Alien hand syndrome
This is a complex neuropsychiatric disease, which is characterized by the fact that one or both of the patient’s hands act as if on their own. German neurologist Kurt Goldstein first described the symptoms of this strange disease when he observed his patient. During sleep, her left hand, acting according to some incomprehensible rules of its own, suddenly began to strangle its “mistress.” This strange disease occurs due to damage to the transmission of signals between the hemispheres of the brain. With such a disease, you can harm yourself without realizing what is happening.
Many parents, when their children reach the age of 4-5 years, learn what dyslexia is. It is at this age that children begin to learn the alphabet, and then the symptoms of dyslexia surface.
Dyslexia is a disease in which a person cannot read text normally. This disorder is caused by poor development or destruction of mental functions involved in the reading process.
This disease is common in 5% of children with normal development. Dyslexia in children with intellectual development delays is much more common - 20-55%. It has been established that the disorder in question is more common in boys.
In order to understand the characteristics of this disease, it is important to study the mechanisms of dyslexia. The following speech analyzers are involved in the reading process: motor, visual and auditory.
The symptoms of dyslexia are in most cases open in nature and can be easily diagnosed by a parent or specialist (teacher, speech therapist, psychologist). As mentioned above, the disease is detected more often in preschoolers, but there are cases when a person learns about the presence of dyslexia already in adulthood.
How to determine
When dyslexia is discovered in children, the symptoms are often layered and complex. The main list includes the following items:
- Difficult to read, poor handwriting.
- Slow reading pace that does not correspond to the norm for a given age (this sign is one of the most often used in diagnosis).
- Spell words backwards.
- While reading, a person touches his eyes, rubs them.
- Difficulty remembering geometric shapes, inability to recognize them.
- While reading or after reading, the child complains of a headache.
- The child misses words while reading.
- Reading a book with one eye.
- The child's constant desire to avoid the process of reading.
- Fatigue.
Diagnosis of dyslexia consists of analyzing cognitive abilities, assessing speech and mental functions. A speech therapist conducts an examination, including analysis of oral and written speech.
By obtaining a complete family history, aspects that influence reading disorders are identified. The doctor must check the functioning of hearing and vision in order to exclude other diseases that also have symptoms of dyslexia.
Typology
At the moment, there is an extensive classification of dyslexia, describing its types, forms and etiology. A detailed description is provided below.
Types of dyslexia:
- Literary – difficulties in mastering individual letters.
- Verbal – problems reading words.
The following forms of dyslexia are distinguished:
2. Optical. It is a consequence of poorly formed visual-spatial concepts. The child confuses letters with similar spellings (Y-L, G-R).
3. Mnestic. Deformation of speech memory. It is difficult for a child to relate sounds and letters.
4. Ungrammatical. The reason for this type is the underdevelopment of generalizations of various forms of words. A child with this form of the disease:
- Incorrectly agrees nouns with adjectives (interesting story, beautiful vase).
- Makes mistakes in the endings of past tense verbs (ran out, preverbs).
- Changes the endings and numbers of nouns (in garages, in houses).
5. Semantic. Caused by poor vocabulary. The child reads the text correctly, but does not understand what he read.
6. Phonemic. It is a consequence of underdeveloped phonemic hearing and associated difficulties in the analysis, synthesis and perception of speech. The child mixes sounds and does not differentiate words that differ in one letter but have completely different meanings (for example, pop - cop, forehead - lom).
Reasons
- Toxic damage to the central nervous system (results from drug or alcohol intoxication, jaundice).
- Infection of the fetal brain (occurs when a pregnant woman suffers from infectious diseases).
- Mechanical damage to the brain (a consequence of rough manipulations to remove the fetus from the womb).
During the period from birth to death of a person, abnormalities in the functioning of the brain, leading to disruption of the reading process, can cause:
- Trauma to the skull.
- Chain of infections.
- Diseases of the central nervous system (cerebral palsy, mental retardation, mental retardation).
1. Lack of oral communication with the child.
3. Create individual conditions. A person with dyslexia can perceive information faster under certain conditions. This could be a solitary workplace, a longer time to complete a task, special software, the presence of an assistant, changing the format of documents (for example, translation from printed text to audio format - there are many modern programs for this).
4. Use a simple and clear font. It is more comfortable for a person to read a font that has an even structure, sans serif, size 12-14 (for example, Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica and others).
Since most adults are unaware of their disease, it is important to tell the person about it in the correct form and recommend a good specialist in this field. Please remember that in this case you are responsible for the confidentiality of information. Author: Ekaterina Lipatova
As such, there is no definition for the disease dyslexia, but the International Association gives something like a decoding for this disease. In general, dyslaxia is the inability to recognize words and read. These disorders originate from congenital inferiority of the nervous system. In simple terms, this is the inability to read (the brain simply does not recognize the information received).
General information about the disease
Despite the fact that dyslexia is the inability to read, this disease is not classified as mental retardation. It is worth paying special attention to the fact that this disease is extremely difficult to diagnose. Firstly, the professionalism of the doctor you contact is very important. Many factors will be taken into account when making a diagnosis. Your child will likely be given a text to read aloud. In this case, the doctor will not just look at the reading speed, but will also note those moments that were difficult. But this is just the first stage of diagnosis.
Almost all tests that a speech therapist will administer will be designed to measure hearing and speech production. The specialist will also look at what information the child learns better, orally or tactilely (when performing various types of tasks). As a result, the doctor will determine how effectively the 3 components of sensory speech operate.
Types of dyslexia
This disease has no specific symptoms. They manifest themselves differently in each patient. Dyslexia is sometimes also called “word blindness.” This occurs because one part of the brain decreases its activity. By the way, dyslexia is a fairly common disease; it is diagnosed in one form or another in 6-10% of the population. It's time to consider all the details of this disease.
Phonemic dyslexia
This type of dyslexia is most often diagnosed in primary school children. This is primarily due to the weak development of functions that are precisely characteristic of the phonetic system. The difference between one phoneme and another is a large number of different features (for example, deafness and voicedness). When at least one phoneme changes in a word, it takes on a completely different meaning, for example, dew-braid. As you can see, one letter has changed and the words began to have a different meaning. With phonemic dyslexia, the child is unable to recognize the difference between two words. He simply mixes up all the sounds in his head, they turn into “porridge”.
Semantic dyslexia
This type of dyslexia is also called “rote reading.” This means that the child absolutely does not understand what he read, while his reading itself is fine, it is completely correct. This deviation is caused by two factors, namely difficulties associated primarily with sound-syllable synthesis, as well as a lack of understanding of the syntactic connections that are located in sentences. In another way, we can say that the brain perceives all words separately, and not in sentences.
Dyslexia agrammatic
This is the most common type of dyslexia among children. It is characterized by partial underdevelopment of speech. This is well expressed when a child reads and talks. With dyslexia of this type, the child constantly changes case endings (even in nouns), incorrectly agrees case, and changes endings in all verbs that refer to the third person past tense.
Optical Dyslexia
With this type of disease, the brain does not recognize graphic symbols, including letters. Because of this, he cannot read.
Dyslexia mnestic
The child does not understand which sound this or that letter should correspond to. He cannot master or learn letters.
Symptoms of dyslexia
This disease, like all others, has special symptoms. Although it would be more accurate to call them problems that people with this disease constantly face. Here is a list of the most common ones:
- There is a fairly large delay in the child’s development, which is especially evident in the ability to write and read;
- disorganization;
- great difficulties with the perception of various information;
- difficulty remembering banal words.
- complete misunderstanding of the text being read;
- some coordination disorders:
- Sometimes this disease can also manifest itself in hyperactivity.
Please note that all of the above symptoms are also symptoms of a disease such as disorientation. Unlike dyslexia, this disease can be diagnosed quite easily and does not take much time. Therefore, sometimes, in order to find out whether a child has dyslaxia, an orientation test is carried out, because it includes the accuracy of perception of the surrounding world, people, as well as the perception of graphic signs, words, sentences.
There are also other symptoms that a person with dyslaxia suffers from:
- The child’s intelligence is at a fairly high level, but there are serious problems with reading;
- constant, natural repetition of mistakes made, for example, missing a word.
- the child absolutely does not have time to complete the task assigned to him in the required time;
- great difficulty in writing;
- in general, the child has a poor memory, he does not remember basic things;
- Such children often have significant vision problems;
- The baby cannot determine the top of the text.
Causes of a disease such as dyslexia
Many studies confirm that this disease occurs due to problems that are neurobiological in nature. In this case, some areas of the brain have much less activity. There are also some differences in the structure of the brain tissue itself. By the way, it has been scientifically proven that this disease can be transmitted hereditarily. Special genes have been discovered that are precisely responsible for the appearance of this disease.
Can dyslexia be cured? If so, how?
This disease accompanies the sick person throughout his life, which creates a lot of trouble for him. Of course, there were cases when some people still managed to learn to read sooner or later. But this is rare. Typically, a person with dyslexia remains illiterate for the rest of their life.
The peculiarity of the treatment of this disease mainly lies in the fact that the entire educational process is corrected, this also includes direct and indirect training in recognizing words and sentences. They also teach the skill of highlighting certain components in words. In the case of direct teaching, the so-called special type of phonetics methods are used.
In general, a wide variety of teaching methods can be used. The main thing is that they include comprehensive training not only in reading some expressions and words, but also the entire text. You can also use different approaches in which we are talking about acquiring many skills, starting from the most basic and ending at a higher level. Additionally, many medical professionals recommend using approaches that aim to target multiple senses.
PHOTO Getty Images
And for some of us, any text is like higher mathematics. “It’s difficult for me to fill out official forms,” admits 29-year-old Elena, an employee of a cleaning company, “I feel like I’m writing incorrectly, but I don’t understand how to write correctly.” “Functional illiteracy is the inability to comprehensively use the skills of reading, counting and writing,” defines psychiatrist Grigory Gorshunin, “the inability to integrate them into one’s social behavior, to gain advantages by assimilating new information.”
The degree of functional illiteracy varies, and not everyone is concerned about it. “By my senior year, I earned money for a car and drove it to school,” says 38-year-old Dmitry, an entrepreneur. “I saw no reason to study.” Now I sometimes regret this. But I just dictate everything I need to the secretary, and there are no problems.”
Too many letters
“I honestly read the school curriculum, but since then I can’t hear about any fiction,” admits 32-year-old Victor. “I recently picked up a novel by a contemporary writer from a bookstore, looked at it, and immediately put it back on the shelf. “A lot of bukaf, niasilil,” as they say on the Internet.” Is it really possible to forget how to read? It turns out that it’s still possible! It's not like riding a bike.
“Cognitive, that is, cognitive, skills are different from motor ones,” explains cognitive psychologist Maria Falikman. – It is enough to master a motor skill once, and it will remain for life. But with playing the piano this will no longer work, because it involves not only motor, but also cognitive skills. Purely cognitive skills are lost even faster.”
“Long sentences for teenagers are incomprehensible and unnecessary in the age of likes and emoticons”
“After studying Pushkin’s work, I asked the ninth grade class to write a love letter and received answers like this: “Hello, let’s meet at 16.00 in the center of the Novokuznetskaya station,” lamented literature teacher at the Pirogov School in Moscow, Irina Vasilkova. – Long sentences are incomprehensible to them and are not needed in the age of likes and emoticons. Even a textbook is difficult for today’s children to read; they cannot find the answer to a question in the paragraph assigned for home.”
Risk areas
It is natural to assume that functional illiteracy threatens people from low-income families. 60% of adults in US correctional facilities read below a fourth grade level. 43% of adults with minimal literacy levels live below the poverty line 1 . But it is not only the poor who are under attack.
“It is curious that John Rockefeller Jr.'s four sons...became functionally illiterate because they were taught to read at the Lincoln Experimental School,” argued writer and educator Samuel Blumenfeld. “But they weren’t called functionally illiterate.” They were called "dyslexics", a fancy word for the same condition."
Maria Falikman does not agree with this; in her opinion, dyslexia and functional illiteracy are different things: “Dyslexia is a neurological diagnosis. People with dyslexia have disturbances in the functional organization of the brain.” And although for an observer the manifestations of dyslexia and functional illiteracy look the same, the second, unlike the first, is “cured” without therapy, through training.
To complex - from simple
“I decided to read a smart book so that they would no longer consider me a pretty fool,” says 23-year-old fashion model Zinaida. “But I noticed that I was reading the same page over and over again and still didn’t understand anything!” In learning, it is important to follow the principle “from simple to complex,” recalls Maria Falikman: “There is no point in immediately taking on large texts. It’s better to start with small fragments, maybe even sentences, then move on to stories and so, step by step, move to more complex levels.” But to understand the meaning of a text, it is not enough to have the ability to read and the ability to think about what you read; you also need cultural literacy.
30% of students are functionally illiterate
About 30% of students cannot identify the main idea in a text, find the given information, and do not understand the coherence of events. Russia ranked 27th in terms of literacy rates in this study 3 .
In developed countries, 60% of students demonstrate satisfactory literacy, in Russia - only 43%. Poland, Greece, Latvia, and Mexico have similar indicators. The share of Russians who never read books is 46%; 36% read occasionally 4 .
Cultural background
Speakers of the same culture have a common language. It's not just about vocabulary and grammar, but about associations, codes, memes. “The words we speak, read or write are the tip of the iceberg of communication,” says cultural scientist Eric Hirsch, creator of the theory of cultural literacy. – To read well, you need to know a lot. If you know about ponds, about thrushes, wires and fruits, you have more ability to read than if you only know about thrushes. For reading comprehension, we need to recognize information that is embedded in the text but not literally presented. This is background knowledge: something that is “already clear” and does not require explanation. So, we know who Pushkin is or that the legs of hobbits are covered with wool. But we may not know who Grant and Lee are - this is part of American cultural literacy, but not Russian.
Background knowledge helps us learn, because learning is the correlation of new things with what is already known. Therefore, those who know a lot learn new things faster and easier than those who know little.
As a joke or seriously?
Misunderstandings are not always due to illiteracy. “We almost broke up! And Maxim magazine is to blame for this!” – complains 35-year-old Nikolai. He read a recommendation in the article: when a girl gives a blowjob, hold her ears. And I did as my favorite magazine advised. The friend became very angry and threatened to leave. “I said that I had nothing to do with it, it was written there. And she kept repeating: how can you not understand that this is a joke! - says Nikolai. “But how could I have guessed this, since there were no emoticons there?!”
The fact is that Nikolai built the context incorrectly. “This is not illiteracy as such,” says Maria Faliman, “but a problem of understanding context, irony and humor. There are large individual differences here. And even the same person at different times may be more or less inclined to perceive humor.” The humorous effect is based on the fact that the meaning of the statement changes depending on the context. Discovering these meanings gives us intellectual pleasure.
But if we are unaware of the existence of additional reading possibilities or, for example, are too tired to think about them, we read the message only at the literal level.
Not all errors are due to lack of information. Sometimes too much of it gets in the way
Not all errors are due to lack of information. Sometimes we are hindered by its excess. Many people think that celebrity couples break up more often than ordinary people. But statistics do not confirm this. Where does this impression come from? Because the divorces of stars are reported much more often than the marital troubles of postmen.
The science of the 20th century considered man to be a rational being, and explained errors by the influence of emotions (fear, affection, hatred...). Nobel Prize-winning psychologist Daniel Kahneman has questioned this assumption. He investigated errors of thinking and discovered that they were caused by the mechanism of thinking itself. For example, he proposed a problem: 600 people fell ill with a dangerous disease. Is it worth purchasing the medicine if 400 people will die anyway? Most answer “no”. But when the question is formulated differently: “the medicine will save 200 people,” the answer is usually “yes,” although the situation has not changed 6 . “Everyone falls into these traps, including specialists in formal logic,” notes Maria Falikman.
Limited Resources
In addition to this, our attention span is limited: if we are busy with something, we may not notice the obvious. Remember The Invisible Gorilla? In this experiment, viewers watched a video of basketball players wearing white and black jerseys and counted the number of passes made by the team wearing white. In the middle of the video, a man in a gorilla suit appeared in the frame for 9 seconds, crossed the platform, tapped himself on the chest and left. The video was seen by thousands of viewers, but half of them did not notice anything unusual and at first could not believe that they had missed the “gorilla.” So not only can we be blind to the obvious, but we are also unaware of our own blindness.
“Anything that takes up memory space reduces your ability to think,” says Daniel Kahneman. For this reason, the flow of information that we receive daily from the media and the Internet “reduces brain activity, which is necessary for meaningful decision-making,” says neurolinguist Tatyana Chernigovskaya. It can be assumed that one of the reasons for functional illiteracy is the information environment.
Clip consciousness
In the 90s, people started talking about clip thinking, and sometimes even about “clip culture,” which would become part of the information picture of the future. It does not require imagination or comprehension, but it does require constant rebooting and updating. “We are besieged and blinded by contradictory and irrelevant fragments of imagery that cut the ground from under our old ideas, bombarding us with torn, meaningless “clips”, instantaneous frames,” as futurologist Alvin Toffler describes it. 8.
“Anything that takes up memory space reduces your ability to think.”
Tatyana Chernigovskaya assesses this trend as clearly negative: “If there is a new round in the development of humanity, it is downward. The world we live in is not the same as in all previous millennia. The number of those who find it difficult to write and read is in the millions! We need to read more serious books, which are what make us human.”
Overload response
But what if clip consciousness is the body’s defensive reaction to information overload? “An inevitable reaction,” Grigory Gorshunin clarifies, “because we need to understand what the essence of the matter is in a situation of shortage of time, strength, and energy.” Since 1990, the volume of information has doubled every year 9 . In this situation, “those who work a lot follow the news and professional literature, but they rarely have time to read a novel,” notes the psychiatrist.
The situation is paradoxical: clip thinking helps us quickly extract information from a homogeneous stream, but this stream is visual, not textual, and those who have been in it since childhood lose the ability to think critically. “Parents complain about children who don’t read,” notes Grigory Gorshunin, “but they themselves sit the child in front of the TV or give him a gadget so that he can relax. The main danger of the new illiteracy is not that someone will prefer video to text, but that we will not have a strategy for selecting information, we will not be able to assess what we need.”
However, if you, dear reader, were able to read this text to the end, you have nothing to worry about: your functional literacy is fine!
1 Data from the US National Center for Educational Statistics.
2 S. Blumenfeld “What Is Functional Illiteracy?”, New American, 07.12. 2012.
3 Program for International Student Assessment (pisa.oecd.org).
4 “Public Opinion 2008” (Yearbook of the Yuri Levada Analytical Center, 2008).
5 E. Hirsch, Jr., et al. Cultural Literacy (Boston, 2002)
6 D. Kahneman “Think slowly, decide quickly” (AST, 2013).
7 C. Johnson, “The Information Diet: A Case for Conscious Consumption” (O’Reilly Media, 2012).
8 E. Toffler “Future Shock” (AST, 2002).
9 Statistical Abstract of the United States, 1999.
Dyslexia is a chronic reading problem that affects a large number of people, especially people with various types of disabilities. Dyslexia affects up to 15% of the population in developed countries. People with dyslexia often have problems not only with reading, but also with writing, spelling, math, and sometimes music. Dyslexia is three times more common in men than in women.
What is dyslexia
Most people think of dyslexia as a condition that involves reading from right to left and reversing words and letters. While some people who have dyslexia do have these problems, they are not the most common or most important symptoms of dyslexia. Experts say dyslexia and dysgraphia have little to do with recognizing the visual form of words; rather, the brains of people with dyslexia process information differently all the time. This difference makes it difficult to combine letters into words and even individual sounds (phonemes), making so-called phonological awareness impossible.
Dyslexia can occur at any level of intellectual ability. Sometimes children with dyslexia seem lazy to their teachers and parents, and adults think they lack motivation or don't try hard enough. Dyslexia in schoolchildren, of course, can be accompanied - but this is not at all necessary (!) - by a lack of motivation, emotional or behavioral problems and sensory disorders.
A more positive view of dyslexia on Wikipedia describes people with dyslexia as visual, multi-dimensional thinkers, keenly intuitive, highly creative, and excellent at hands-on learning. Many people with dyslexia excel in the arts, creativity, design, computing and lateral thinking.
Causes of dyslexia
Dyslexia tends to run in families, and scientists have identified genes that may be responsible for different types of dyslexia.
Researchers have also discovered specific brain differences associated with dyslexia. Brain imaging analysis shows that the disease dyslexia is the result of certain structural differences in the brain, especially in the left hemisphere.
The brains of people with dyslexia show very little activity in areas responsible for linking the written form of words with their phonetic components. Thus, in order to read, a student with dyslexia must develop alternative neurological pathways involving greater use in a region of the front of the brain called Broca's area, which is traditionally associated with other aspects of language and speech processing.
Symptoms of dyslexia
The disease dyslexia means that people have problems reading, writing and pronouncing words.
Here are some early signs of dyslexia that affect many people with learning disabilities:
Low academic performance. Maybe it's early or 
late, a child with dyslexia begins to speak; vivid figures of speech appear, but he is unable to read or write at grade level; may be assessed as a lazy student; Doesn't do well on tests despite having a high IQ.
Movement disorders. Both a child and an adult with dyslexia may have poor handwriting; have poor coordination; fall behind in team sports; have difficulty with motor-oriented tasks; they confuse right and left, as well as above and below; Learn better through hands-on experience.
Weak language and reading skills. If a person suffers from dyslexia, he often experiences dizziness, headache, and stomach pain; gets tired quickly when reading; does not read for pleasure; confuses, rearranges, adds, replaces, or expands letters, numbers, words both when reading and writing; has deficiencies in phonetics; has difficulty expressing thoughts in words; may stutter.
Weak math skills. A student with dyslexia has difficulties in learning, difficulty judging time; you can do arithmetic, but not write or read it; has problems with algebra or higher mathematics, but can do well in geometry; has poor memory for sequences; counts using intuition or pictures rather than words and numbers.
Behavioral problems. A child with dyslexia's behavior may be erratic or disruptive in the classroom; gets easily upset when it comes to school, reading, writing, math; urinary incontinence even beyond the appropriate age; a sharp increase in difficulties under time pressure or emotional stress.
Vision. A person with dyslexia may complain of vision problems that do not appear during standard examinations; may not perceive depth and have defects in peripheral vision.
The most common thing about people with dyslexia is their skill discrepancy, which can change from day to day. A child with dyslexia can easily read and write a word today, and just as easily fail to do so tomorrow.
Basics of Dyslexia Treatment
Dyslexia is a specific learning disorder that involves difficulty reading. Testing and early diagnosis of dyslexia exist and are very important. Without proper diagnosis and treatment, dyslexia can lead to frustration, underachievement and low self-esteem in your child's future.
Diagnosis of dyslexia involves reading or writing, and the examiner looks for signs of dyslexia, such as adding, deleting or changing a word; building a word from other parts; rearranging words and letters. At the same time, body language can provide clues: a person with dyslexia will often clear their throat, click their pen, chew on a pencil, or fidget during testing due to anxiety about the test.
Dyslexia is a disorder that a person is born with and cannot be prevented or cured, but can be managed with special training and support techniques. Early intervention to address reading problems is important. Parents need to understand that children with dyslexia can learn normally, but they may need to learn to do so differently than typical children. Instruction should be individualized and may include modeling letters and words in clay (plasticine, etc.) or other three-dimensional methods that can help the child learn to form letters and words.
Dyslexia: when to see a doctor
If you notice any of the signs of dyslexia, your child's doctor can help determine if there are physical problems, such as vision, that are causing or contributing to your child's condition, and they will refer you to specialists who can diagnose dyslexia and prescribe treatment of learning disorder. Such treatment often includes the services of an educational specialist, psychologist and speech therapist.
We recommend reading
Fusel oils in moonshine and other alcoholic beverages: influence, benefits, harm and purification
Functional projections of zodiac signs What can be said about vector projection signs
Degas E. “Blue Dancers. Essay based on the painting by Edgar Degas “Blue Dancers Dancers in Blue”
We reflect in the RSV reimbursement of social insurance expenses for the last year Appendix 2 line 090 of the calculation of insurance premiums
