What is the phobia of crowds called? Ochlophobia: how to overcome the fear of large crowds? Demophobia

What is this fear

There are a great number of phobias that many people seem completely incomprehensible - for example, how can you be afraid of cats or tea glasses? But there is also such a category of phobic fears, which, on the contrary, many share or at least understand the reasonableness of this fear. This includes such a deviation as the fear of the crowd, the fear of a large crowd of people. This has a scientific name - ochlophobia, or it is called demophobia. In any case, whatever you call it, it is a serious phobia that is difficult to overcome.

A person with such a phobia experiences an obsessive, uncontrollable fear of the crowd, it is unbearable for him to be where there is a large crowd of people, he cannot get rid of the obsession. Irrational fear can arise even when a person simply watches the crowd from the side, not being in its epicenter. For example, it can be a musical concert, a rally, a city holiday. The fear of the crowd seems to be realized, but it does not allow one to get rid of oneself. And the person seems to realize that this is just an ordinary social event, moreover, interesting to him and not threatening in any way, but he cannot force himself to join the crowd. He will not be able to conquer the hearth of his fear. He will try to stay as far away from the crowd as possible, and he will certainly never become a participant in the carnival, and he will not go to the stadium to watch a football match, he will not have the strength to overcome his fear of people.

Many in the crowd feel extremely uncomfortable because people invade their personal space. They are unpleasant to the touch of strangers, the smells emanating from them. This is the real fear of the crowd. They are afraid that in the crowd they can be robbed - put their hand in their pocket or purse. And, in principle, there is a possibility of this, the feeling of fear is justified, but it is completely abnormal to experience panic fear in such situations.

Such a phobia as the fear of the crowd - ochlophobia is considered a specific fear, which is mainly inherent in residents of large cities, who have to spend a lot of time where there are still a lot of people besides them. Many urban factors form fear - public transport loaded during rush hours, when it is unrealistic to get home quickly, there are always crowds of people on the street, and footage of terrorist attacks and accidents often flash on TV, which take the lives of hundreds of random, innocent people. So the phobia of a large crowd of people finds a basis for itself in order to progress.

Causes of a phobia

According to psychologists, a phobia of a large number of people, unlike many other phobias, can arise not only in childhood, when the subconscious mind has not yet fully formed, but also in adulthood. A person could have an unpleasant situation related to the crowd - he could suffer physically or materially. For example, he could almost be trampled in a crush or steal a phone, justified fear is even more difficult to overcome.

Sometimes the patient is afraid of people in general, because the crowd is perceived by him not as a collection of individuals, but as a faceless, gray and dangerous mass that wants to absorb a person that cannot be controlled. This fear of the crowd is not normal, it must be got rid of, it must be conquered.

The fear of the crowd can be considered in some way a manifestation of the instinct of self-preservation. After all, the crowd can really be dangerous when it is full of confusion and general panic. For example, during a terrorist attack, people cease to control their behavior, they really become an uncontrollable spontaneous crowd, from the fear of which it is very difficult to get rid of. People save only their own lives, they do not think at all about who is nearby, who fell and who needs help.

Signs and symptoms of panic attacks

The main symptom is clear - it is a phobia of the street, unwillingness to leave the house, trying to avoid places with a large crowd of people, seclusion. The physical signs are similar to those of other phobic fears:

Sudden signs of suffocation;
Decrease or jump in blood pressure;
Violation of the heart rhythm;
Profuse sweating;
Nausea, vomiting;
Dizziness;
Trembling in limbs, weakness;
A person ceases to adequately perceive reality.

If the phobia in front of people is expressed in a less strong form, then a person can still take all his willpower into a fist and calmly leave the place that inspires fear in him. In any situation, no matter how frightening it may be, such a patient will be able to overcome fear, retire and calm down.

Treatment of ochlophobia

You can get rid of the fear of the crowd, ochlophobia is treatable. You can even try to deal with it yourself. For example, start going to supermarkets, and use a player as distractions, in which you will have your favorite soothing music downloaded, creating your own world, helping to overcome fear, so ochlophobia will have fewer reasons. Slowly, a person will begin to feel comfortable going to the grocery store, and will be able to go to the mall, where there are even more people.

But, of course, psychotherapeutic treatment is the most effective, various methods have been developed, cognitive-behavioral therapy, sometimes a doctor can prescribe sedatives to reduce anxiety. So it is quite possible to overcome the fear of the crowd, given that this fear greatly affects the quality of human life. Try to overcome your fear on your own, and if you can’t get rid of the fear of the crowd, be sure to contact a psychotherapist - he knows exactly what kind of phobia it is and how to overcome it.

How to recognize fear in yourself

The fear of crowds, like many others, is manifested by somatic symptoms and subsequent avoidance behavior. It is easy to imagine a situation when, during a festivities or some kind of rally, a person becomes ill. There may not be enough air in the crowd, there may be a feeling of loss of control over one's movements, a complete violation of boundaries.

For some, the threat of being the victim of a pickpocket causes stress. But how to distinguish between normal caution, dictated by the instinct of self-preservation, from a phobia that deprives many of the pleasures in life and creates problems.

First of all, if we talk about symptoms from the autonomic nervous system, then this is trembling, shortness of breath, palpitations, nausea, fainting, dry mouth.

Secondly, mental symptoms are an obsessive fear for one's life, safety. The ohlophobe is inclined to see the crowd as a single uncontrollable aggressive mass, without singling out individuals and personalities for himself.

If you observe avoidance behavior in yourself, then there is something to think about. For example, you refuse to go to a concert, do not take the subway during rush hour, and just the thought of an upcoming trip to a crowded place causes discomfort.

Reasons for fear

Ochlophobia can result from a variety of reasons. Behaviorists tend to consider unconscious learning as a condition for the emergence of any phobias, however, there may also be “conscious” learning. That is, a person, having once experienced a negative experience associated with the crowd (he got lost, pinned down, robbed), can subsequently begin to avoid a gathering of even a very harmless number of people.

Another reason for fear of crowds may be a problem with "setting" personal boundaries and comfort zones. For example, an overprotective child may show signs of ochlophobia as an adult. This is due to the fact that his parents violated his personal boundaries for a long time, therefore, when he grew up, too close physical contact (and this is inevitable in a crowd) is perceived as a serious threat.

How to get rid of a phobia

Ochlophobia (not agoraphobia) is not a mental disorder, so you can work with it yourself. If fear keeps you from going to a football game or a mass rally, but you don't suffer too much from it, there may not be a problem with avoidance behavior. If the situation is more acute, and you are stressed every morning and evening in public transport, then you need to take action.

It can be relaxation, meditation, yoga classes. At the very moment of the attack, you can help yourself by trying to focus on someone's face, isolate it from the faceless mass, try to speak - this helps to distract from your inner tension and stop seeing danger where it does not exist.

There are times when it is better to seek the advice of a psychologist. First, he will determine exactly what is behind your fear of a large number of people, whether you should go to a therapist or psychiatrist for help. Secondly, if you really have only the fear of the crowd, without "aggravating" circumstances, he will carry out psycho-corrective work with you. This work is aimed at increasing your adaptation to places that cause stress.

conclusions

Fear of the crowd can be a symptom of agoraphobia, or it can be a protective reaction of the body to experienced stress. If you feel uncomfortable while moving in the crowd, you may not have any phobia. If you have panic attacks in a long queue at the supermarket, and after that you suffer from obsessive thoughts about a possible repetition, then it is better to contact a specialist.

The many faces of phobias never cease to amaze us, and most people really do not understand what is scary, for example, a tea glass, or white shoelaces. But there are fears that, although not shared by the majority, may well have a reasonable explanation. Demophy belongs to this conditional category. The very name of the disease is formed thanks to two Greek words. This is the well-known “phobos”, which means fear, and “demos”, which means a lot of people, a crowd. A patient with demophobia experiences an obsessive, strongly pronounced fear of the crowd, when too many people gather in one place. This concept is also in meaning combined with such a fear as.

A person suffering from this phobia experiences an irrational fear if he is in a crowd, or simply observes a large crowd of people from the side. For example, it can be rallies, concerts, and so on. Despite the fact that such an individual knows perfectly well that there is nothing dangerous, and in front of him is an ordinary social event, and quite interesting one at that, he still tries to stay as far away from such situations as possible, and even more so, he will never become a participant demonstration, carnival, will not go to the stadium to watch a sports match. If the event is interesting to him, then at best he will watch it on television news. Crowding of people is an extremely negative phenomenon for him, regardless of the reason.

Demophobia refers to specific fears, and, as a rule, residents of large cities mainly suffer from such a mental disorder. Eternally busy public transport has its negative impact, when peak hours last almost, almost around the clock. The bustling streets never stop moving, and it is not uncommon for terrorist attacks to be announced on television that have claimed the lives of many people. These and many other factors create prerequisites for the development of demophobia.

All phobias related to space have the same signs, thanks to which you can understand that you are facing a person suffering from phobic fear. During an attack of the disease, a person feels sudden signs of suffocation, the heart rhythm is disturbed. It can drop sharply, or vice versa, jump blood pressure. Also, the phobia is characterized by profuse sweating, nausea, dizziness. Limbs may tremble, severe weakness occurs. Often in this state, a person ceases to adequately perceive reality, does not understand where he is. At this moment, the patient is not able to somehow influence the situation, as fear literally holds him captive.

If the disease is expressed in a weaker form, then the patient is able to gather all his willpower and leave the place that is dangerous for him, before the phobia manifests itself in full. A person can find a quiet corner where, secluded, takes a sedative, and then continues on his way.

Causes of demophobia

Psychologists believe that demophobia, unlike many other phobic fears, can arise not only in early childhood, thanks to dubious situations, but also when a person has become an adult. For example, irrational fear is often caused by a real reason, when a person got into trouble while in a crowd, and he was seriously injured, in a physical or material sense.

In some cases, the patient experiences fear not only of the crowd, but also of people in general. Interestingly, the demophobe perceives a large crowd of people in its own way. For him, these are not separate individuals with whom you can contact, find a common language. In the perception of the patient, this is a gray mass, completely faceless, which cannot be controlled, anything can be explained, and this phenomenon does not carry anything positive in itself, except for a clear threat and trouble.

In a sense, the fear of the crowd is a common instinct for self-preservation. Probably, in certain situations, the crowd can really carry a certain danger, for example, when there is general panic and confusion. For example, if there is a terrorist attack, then people are not able to control their behavior. In an effort to save their lives, no one thinks about those who are nearby at this time. But the situation is completely different if this phobia does not allow you to go to the supermarket for shopping, because there are a lot of people there.

You can try to cope with demophobia on your own, unless, of course, the disease has gone far. You should start by stopping being in crowded places. But such a situation means that a person will have to introduce certain restrictions into his life. We will have to give up going to concerts, theaters, not to visit the stadium when there are various cultural entertainments. That is, to lead a life of a recluse and a homebody. This solution to the problem is not suitable for everyone. Otherwise, you will have to gather all your will and overcome the fear of the crowd.

At first glance, of course, all this will seem complicated. But if you start small and go to a small shop, you can achieve the original goal. Before you go to the store, you need to prepare a shopping list. This approach allows you to focus on the things that you intend to buy, and the crowd will fade into the background. Another useful trick is to have small distractions with you, for example, you can take a player with you, thus surrounding yourself with your own world. After a while, when visiting small shops will be absolutely calm, you can go to a large shopping center. Of course, you cannot limit yourself to self-medication. Demophobia is well treated by psychotherapeutic methods, cognitive-behavioral therapy is widely used. Sometimes, to reduce anxiety, the doctor prescribes sedatives.

The crowd is unpredictable and uncontrollable. Many people experience discomfort when they are in the company of a large number of their own kind. But sometimes such experiences reach the level of a full-fledged phobia.

What is the name for the fear of large crowds?

ICD-10 speaks of the existence of agoraphobia (F40.0). Literally, the word can be translated as “fear of the market”, but in the modern world, a phobia is associated with the fear of any public and open spaces where a person risks being in a crowd or simply surrounded by an “excessive” number of people.

Other names for this phobia are sometimes used. The most common terms are "ochlophobia" ("fear of the crowd") and "demophobia" ("fear of the people"). Both of these concepts imply the fear of a large crowd of people, but do not take into account the spatial aspect. Therefore, when it comes to the fear of crowds and open spaces, it is customary to mention agoraphobia.

Fear of the crowd - a phobia of loss of control

Agoraphobia refers to the fear of losing control. Everything that is outside the boundaries of his house is uncontrollable, which means it is potentially dangerous. In the crowd, the significance of personal qualities is erased: anyone can be trampled, insulted, humiliated only by the right of common strength. There are no criteria that could be predicted. The crowd is able to attack for hair color, for the wrong word, and even just like that.

Of course, the situation with an aggressive crowd is peak. This is exactly what the agoraphobe subconsciously fears the most. But he also worries about much smaller potential problems:

in a bar they can get rude to him;
in the theatre, he may step on someone's foot while walking to his seat;
in a restaurant, he risks accidentally quarreling with other visitors, etc.

The accumulation of people with agoraphobia is perceived as a source of threat. A person does not understand who exactly the blow will come from, and cannot prepare for it in advance. Such uncertainty significantly increases the overall level of anxiety, forcing you to be less in public places and avoid any open spaces.

Agoraphobes are often afraid of becoming a victim of a terrorist attack. This experience is also associated with the impossibility of control over what is happening in the world: there is always the possibility of being an accidental victim in someone else's game. It is unrealistic to predict such a development of events, and for an agoraphobe, the realization of this is painful.

How does the fear of crowds manifest itself?

Symptoms of agoraphobia are related to how a person feels among others, and with his unwillingness to be in a crowd. The following features are predominant:

Deterioration of physical well-being when exposed to a stressful situation (hand trembling, heart palpitations, lump in the throat, shortness of breath, pressure on the chest area, dry mouth, nausea, vomiting, fainting, pain of various localization, increased sweating).
Marked anxiety when being in a crowd or thinking about it (agoraphobia can terrify even a rally shown on TV).
Thoughts about the inevitability of attack, death, embarrassment, shame that arise as soon as a person finds himself among a large crowd of people.
An obsessive desire to leave even from an important event, if a considerable crowd has gathered there.
Preferred shopping during unpopular hours, when the bulk of people are working and cannot "accumulate", frightening the agoraphobe.
Development of the most “safe” routes for movement outside the home so that there are no crowded places on the way - avenues, bazaars, squares, etc.
Voluntary social isolation, in which a physically healthy person does not want to go out unnecessarily, leading a reclusive lifestyle.

Agoraphobes can theoretically have friends, work, hobbies. But he tries to build his life in such a way that at certain moments of time a large number of people do not accumulate in it. A person is looking for a job remote or close to home, invites friends exclusively to himself, chooses a hobby “non-team”.

Why is there a fear of crowds

Every disorder has a root cause. In the case of agoraphobia, they talk about the influence of such factors:

Negative experience. If a person has once experienced a traumatic situation associated with a crowd, then the fear of a mass gathering of people will almost certainly arise in him. People arrested at rallies, trampled at concerts, robbed on the street, caught in the epicenter of terrorist attacks or serious accidents turn into agoraphobes.
Personal characteristics. Agoraphobia and fear of the crowd are predominantly observed in people with low self-esteem, who expect a “hit” from the world. They are also characterized by suspiciousness, sensitivity, isolation of character.
Weakness of the vestibular apparatus. It is difficult for such a person to maintain balance and navigate in space, which is why when he is on the street or in a crowd, he loses confidence and is frightened.

It is sometimes said that agoraphobia is genetically determined. If parents themselves are afraid of crowds and open spaces, then with a high probability such a “mood” will be passed on to the child.

How to cure fear of crowds

The psychotherapist helps the patient to correct behavior, reconciling the patient with the world. Medications are rarely prescribed, but sometimes tranquilizers are prescribed to reduce anxiety. If agoraphobia is accompanied by panic disorder, antidepressants and anti-neurotic drugs are recommended.

Getting rid of a phobia on your own requires willpower and the help of loved ones. The patient will still have to get closer to the surrounding reality, but without the support of a specialist. They advise to go out more often, to be among people, to travel. At home, meditation practices, breathing exercises, auto-training are very useful.

The fear of the crowd is often justified. But this fear binds a person, preventing him from living a full life. Therefore, agoraphobia needs to be fought: if you do not get rid of it at a young age, then there is a risk of turning into an inveterate recluse.

According to experts, this disorder occurs in childhood, against the background of the influence of traumatic factors. Let's learn about how this disease manifests itself, and talk about methods of dealing with panic attacks.

A phobia is a persistent reaction to a stimulus that a person experiences as negative.

Terminology

What is the fear of crowds called? This question is not as simple as it seems at first glance. There are several variants of panic fear of a large crowd of people, which differ in the types of irritants:

Ochlophobia is an uncontrollable fear caused by interaction with a disorganized crowd of people.
Demophobia - panic attacks that develop when you are in public places. Visiting educational institutions, shops and restaurants becomes a real problem for carriers of this phobic disorder.

According to experts, these types of pathological fear are synonymous, the difference between which lies in the form of organization of the accumulation of people with whom the carrier of the phobia is forced to interact. Unlike a demophobe who experiences a feeling of discomfort in a cinema or a supermarket, an ohlophobe suffers from panic attacks while attending concerts, rallies, or while on public transport.

In addition to the above disorders, there is agoraphobia, which is a similar concept. This type of phobia manifests itself as a fear of open space. A panic attack may occur while going out unaccompanied. Psychologists say that this disorder has a close relationship with the above disorders.

People suffering from this disease have difficulty performing pre-planned activities associated with contact with a large number of people.

There is also social phobia, which is a pathological fear of others. The need for social interaction instills real horror in the sociophobe. Such people experience an acute sense of discomfort while communicating with strangers or when speaking in public. A severe form of pathology implies a fear of the attention of others. Such a person cannot perform habitual actions while thinking about what is the object of the views of others.

Each of the above mental disorders is closely related to its synonym. The main difference between these pathologies is the causes of their occurrence.

Demophobia - panic fear of the crowd, large crowds of people

How demophobes see the world

Research in the field of psychiatry has revealed that fear of the crowd occurs at a conscious age. According to doctors, demophobia is a unique disease, since other phobias develop in childhood.

The source of fear can be the crowd as a whole, and the need to perform various actions, being among a large crowd of people. The fear of losing control over the situation leads to the development of a panic attack, since people perceive demophobes as a source of potential danger. In some cases, the cause of panic may be the fear of falling into a traumatic situation experienced earlier. The same factor can cause the disorder itself.

According to experts, the fear of a large number of people is one of the manifestations of basic instincts. In this case, the instinct of self-preservation takes on a heightened form. People suffering from this disorder avoid going to various public places because they feel threatened by the people around them. In order to feel comfortable, they need to close themselves off from the outside world in a familiar place where they can feel safe.

The disorder in question occurs at puberty. The cause of the disease may be evidence of public disgrace, mass violence, or an accident with a large crowd of people. Quite often, such disorders develop in people who have survived a terrorist attack.

Let's imagine a situation where a fire starts in a movie theater. People in the hall fall into mass panic, which causes sad consequences. A crowd of people running towards the exit can crush and fatally injure others. A person who has experienced such events may be in a state of severe shock. The human psyche is arranged in such a way that in order to avoid serious disorders, protective reactions are triggered, one of which may be the fear of public places. According to experts, this disorder is based on social causes associated with negative life experiences.

Causes of ochlophobia

According to scientific researchers, the main cause of this disorder is heredity. The presence of such diseases in one of the blood relatives significantly increases the risk of pathology in the child. According to statistics, approximately sixty percent of ochlophobes have close relatives with the same diagnosis.

An important role in this matter is assigned to education and family values. Many parents, not thinking about the consequences of their actions, unconsciously plant various fears in the mind of the child. Overprotectiveness, attempts at intimidation and a critical attitude can cause illness. The influence of biological factors should also be taken into account. According to scientists, congenital pathologies of the central nervous system are closely related to the emergence of various fears. This phenomenon is called "behavioral inhibition". Despite the fact that it does not belong to the category of pathologies, there is a high probability of fear of strangers.

As a rule, the prerequisites that gave rise to demophobia are laid in childhood, when personal space is formed.

Psychologists say that one should look for the causes of the development of phobic disorders in negative social experience. Psychotraumatic circumstances significantly increase the risk of various personality disorders. Fear of large crowds has a high level of comorbidity. Ochlophobia and demophobia are associated with diseases such as autism, attention deficit disorder and depression, alcoholism, bipolar disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder.

It is important to note that the fear of the crowd is not in all cases the main violation. This symptom may indicate the development of more dominant diseases, among which schizophrenia, Asperger's syndrome, identity disorder and autism should be distinguished.

Manifestations of a phobic disorder

The phobia, which manifests itself in the form of a panic fear of a large crowd of people, has a protective character. Fear of visiting public places has certain reasons for its occurrence. Among the rational reasons for fear of visiting crowded places, one should single out negative life experience and individual characteristics of a particular person. Extreme situations, war, riots and other negative social conditions can significantly increase the risk of a disorder.

According to psychologists, it is very important to be able to separate irrational and rational fears. The reasons for the occurrence of the latter can be explained, since they are associated with the presence of real sources of threat. Let's imagine a situation where there is a robber in the city who attacks lonely passers-by at night. A person who needs to return home at night may experience fears for their health and material values. This form of fear has real causes for its occurrence, which are explained by the current situation. This form of fear refers to rational factors.

Now imagine a person who refuses to leave his own house because he may get into a traffic accident, be the victim of a robber, get injured or have his clothes torn on the street, which will cause ridicule from others. It is important to understand that the likelihood of similar events developing is extremely small and most people simply do not think about such situations. This form of fear is irrational.

The main difference between the irrational and rational forms of crowd fear are:

Rational fears have valid reasons related to real events.
Irrational fears involve fear of potential threats and imaginary situations.

Demophobia also occurs as a concomitant factor in mental illness and nervous disorders.

Thus, the considered forms of personality disorder are a heightened instinct for self-preservation. The lack of psychological assistance can cause the transformation of panic and develop into an acute desire to constantly be in the apartment.

The development of the disorder leaves a peculiar imprint both on the personality itself and on the behavioral model of a particular individual. The disorder can manifest itself as avoidance of contact with other people and feelings of disgust that give rise to a desire to harm others. Also, many of the patients talk about the presence of fears of contracting various diseases from others. At a certain stage in the development of the disease, the patient develops distrust of people, which has a strong resemblance to bouts of paranoia. Among the physiological manifestations of panic attacks, one should highlight the appearance of shortness of breath, bouts of nausea, tremors of the limbs, increased sweating and heart rhythm disturbances.

Difference between ochlophobia and demophobia

Demophobia is a more "narrowly focused" disorder in which panic attacks occur much less frequently. A person suffering from this disorder may experience fear of being on public transport, queuing at the store, and other crowded places. Unlike this disorder, ochlophobia is the fear of "before" the crowd. With this disease, even the thought of a large crowd of people can cause the development of a panic attack. Carriers of this phobia try not to leave their homes in order to avoid traumatic situations that can trigger the development of an attack.

Many of the manifestations of these disorders are highly similar. It is this feature that makes us consider diseases as complete synonyms. It is important to note that the mechanisms of occurrence, forms of manifestation and methods of treatment also have a high similarity.

The specific difference between these disorders is that ochlophobes experience fear of an unorganized crowd, and demophobes try to avoid public places with a large crowd of people. This feature is more interesting to theorists who study these diseases. Okhlophobes have the opportunity to visit educational institutions, theaters and other public places. Fear of an unorganized crowd of people can be explained by a high level of hypothetical danger, since in this case it is almost impossible to control people's behavior.

The panic fear of the crowd, like any other phobia, is a defensive reaction.

Treatment Methods

It is important to pay attention to the fact that carriers of this phobia need the help of an experienced psychologist. An attempt at self-treatment can only aggravate the situation and cause complications. At the first stages of therapy, it is very important to correctly diagnose the disorder and identify the causes of its occurrence. Drug treatment involves the use of mild antidepressants in combination with anti-anxiety medications.

Psychotherapeutic correction involves the use of methods of cognitive behavioral therapy and desensitization. The success of therapy depends on the severity of the disorder, the individual characteristics of the patient's psyche and the correctness of the prescribed treatment.

Fear of the crowd, leaving the house and on the street

Fear of the crowd is a persistent, negative reaction to gatherings of a different number of people. In the form of a phobia, it causes panic attacks, accompanied by fainting, asthma attacks, dizziness, sudden changes in blood pressure and pulse. The formation of a phobia occurs on the basis of prerequisites laid down in early childhood.

What is the fear of crowds called?

Depending on the type of stimulus, there are several variations of the fear of crowds:

Demophobia is a panic fear of being in crowded places. For a person suffering from demophobia, a visit to the theater, supermarket, cafe, educational institution can become a problem.
Ochlophobia is a fear that causes panic attacks as a result of interaction with a disorganized crowd. Practical psychologists call demophobia and ochlophobia synonymous, but there is a fundamental difference - it consists in the form of organization of the crowd with which the person interacts.

So: a demophobe will be uncomfortable in a store, a clinic, in a theater, an okhlophobe - at a rally, at a concert, in the subway at rush hour.

Agoraphobia (literally) is the fear of open spaces. In fact, panic attacks that occur when you need to be in an open space, in a square, unaccompanied. This phobia is closely related to the fear of the crowd - a person suffering from such a mental disorder is afraid to perform unexpected, unplanned actions under the influence of masses of people.
Social phobia is a fear of people, an irrational horror that arises when it is necessary to make any contacts with people: public speaking, communication, acquaintance cause acute discomfort, panic attacks. In a developed form, social phobia manifests itself as a fear of any manifestation of attention from strangers: a sophiophobe cannot work when they are looking at him, cannot walk down the street, realizing that he is the object of the eyes of strangers.

Demophobia, agoraphobia and ochlophobia, social phobia are closely related, related concepts, manifestations of mental disorders caused by various reasons.

The world through the eyes of a demophobe

According to the research of modern psychologists and psychiatrists, the fear of going out into the street is formed and manifests itself at a conscious age. This significantly distinguishes this phobia from dozens and hundreds of other types of fear.

Crowds as a whole;
To be in a traumatic situation that he experienced earlier: a factor in the development of a phobia is a moral or physical trauma received in the presence of a significant number of strangers;
The need to perform certain actions while in the crowd;
Lose control over the situation;
Any crowd is a potential danger.

An obsessive fear of crowds of people is considered a form of a heightened self-preservation instinct. Demophobe feels the need to close himself from the world in a secluded, safe place - for example, at home, where he is not expected by surprises, danger, where everything is familiar to him.

The source of the phobia: what happened to the demophobe?

Demophobia develops most often at an age older than primary school. The causes of the formation of a phobia can be such events:

A person who has witnessed mass violence against the personality of another person.
A victim of violence committed by a group of people.
Accident during a mass event.
The man survived the attack.
A public disgrace witnessed by a large crowd of people.

For example, during a theatrical performance, a fire starts. Mass panic leads to grave consequences - several people were injured, one was fatally injured when the crowd moved to the exit, the source of salvation. One of the witnesses acutely experienced the horror of this event. As a result, a fear of being in crowded places developed as a defensive reaction.

Thus, the root of demophobia and ochlophobia lies within the framework of social causes, as a result of negative social experience.

Causes of social phobia: from genetics to social factors

Heredity

The presence of this disorder in parents or close relatives increases the likelihood that the child will also show signs of the disease. According to studies, among social phobes, there are 2-3 times more people whose relatives have also been diagnosed with the disorder.

The foundations of personality are laid in the family. Social phobia is often formed by the child's parents through their own actions. Factors in the development of the disease: constant criticism of the child, intimidation, overprotection.

The study of the disease showed that the characteristics of the nervous system, more often congenital, have much in common with the formation of panic fears in relation to a crowd of people. This is called behavioral inhibition. By itself, it is not a pathology, but it contributes to the concentration of the child on himself, the formation of fear of strangers.

social experience

Causes within the framework of negative social experience should be sought in the first place. Psychologically traumatic events increase the likelihood of developing mental personality disorders.

Crowd anxiety has a high level of comorbidity. Social phobia or demophobia is paired with depression, post-traumatic disorder, alcoholism, autism, panic disorder, attention deficit disorder, bipolar disorder and many other mental disorders or their complex.

Important! Demophobia and many other forms of fear of the crowd is not always the main violation. Most often, this is a comorbid disorder in the presence of dominant diseases (Asperger's syndrome, autism, bipolar personality disorder, schizophrenia).

Crowd Phobias: Black and White

The phobia associated with discomfort and panic fear of the crowd has a clear protective character. Fear of going outside is not formed without a reason. The presence of fear of being in crowded places can have a completely rational nature associated with various factors:

The extreme situation in which the person is;
social experience;
The general situation in the country (for example, the presence of hostilities, riots);
Individual characteristics (for example, health status).

It is important to highlight the rational and irrational seeds in the fear of the crowd.

If rational fear is understandable, it is associated with real sources of danger.

A robber is operating in the area, who attacks lonely people in the evening. A woman who needs to return late from work in this area fears for herself - this fear has grounds caused by the real situation. This is rational fear.
A woman refuses to leave the house because she can get hit by a car, tear her skirt and become a laughing stock, fall and break her leg, become a victim of violence, a terrorist attack or another hypothetical situation. Although there is no reason to believe that these troubles can happen. Such fear is irrational.

The basis of the difference between the rational and irrational fear of the crowd: the essence of rational fear is a real event or events, irrational fear is potential, fictional situations, incidents.

A phobia is formed as a heightened desire to stay safe. In the absence of professional help, fears of the crowd, public contacts, can transform into panic if you just need to leave the house.

The following features of behavior and personality state are considered signs of demophobia:

Aversion to people, desire to harm them.
Complete distrust of everyone, bordering on paranoid attacks.
Refusal of any social contact.
Physiological manifestations in the presence of a crowd of people: sweating, arrhythmia, shortness of breath, nausea, fever, trembling.
Fear of contracting some disease.

Features of treatment

Be sure to treat the phobia with the help of a specialist! Self-medication, in this situation, will aggravate the situation.

Expert advice is needed for several reasons:

Accurate diagnosis of a phobia.
Identification of the causes of the disorder.
Purpose of treatment.

The most effective techniques: desensitization and cognitive behavioral therapy. The effectiveness of treatment directly depends on the complexity of the situation and the professionalism of the specialist.

Fear of the crowd: what is the name of the fear of the crowd and what does it look like

Home » Articles » Theory » Phobias and manias » Fear of the crowd: what is the name of the fear of the crowd and what is it like

And although a person is a social being, some would even say herd, for one reason or another, many do not like to be among large crowds of people. However, for some this causes only discomfort, while for others such dislike is very pronounced and qualifies as a phobia. What is it called? As a rule, three main terms are associated with the fear of the crowd - agoraphobia (one of the manifestations), demophobia and ochlophobia. Let's figure out what these phobias are and how they are characterized.

What do you call fear of crowds?

The broadest and most well-known term is agoraphobia (some experts even say that it is the only true one, while the rest, including demophobia and ochlophobia, are either its partial synonyms or outdated concepts).

Agoraphobia is better known as the fear of open space and in this regard is opposed to one of the most famous phobias - claustrophobia, or the fear of enclosed space. How is the fear of open spaces related to the fear of crowds? The fact is that these two phobias have similar mechanisms of occurrence, forms of manifestation and treatment. Their interaction is reflected even in the name: the word "agoraphobia" consists of two ancient Greek words "square" and "fear", and the area, as a rule, is not only an open space, but also very crowded, especially in those days when the concept was educated.

Manifestations of fear of the crowd as a phobia

The fear of the crowd can manifest itself in different ways - someone is afraid of the accumulation of a large number of people (for example, the metro at rush hour, rallies or concerts, where there is an army of thousands of fans of the performer), someone has enough of a small filled cinema. Someone is most afraid of situations when it will not be possible to immediately avoid the company of other people and return to a safe place - for example, once other people sit on the right and left hand. At the same time, we note that some agoraphobes are frightened by just the same deserted streets or open spaces, but such manifestations are not associated with the fear of the crowd.

Regardless of specific forms, as a rule, the fear of agoraphobes is caused by the fact that they find themselves in an unsafe and uncontrollable place, where real or imagined dangers coming from a hostile outside world come to life. Many are frightened by their own potential helplessness, both in principle in such an environment, and specifically during an attack of a phobia.

Someone attaches too much importance to the reaction of others to a panic attack - agoraphobes are afraid of being ridiculed or despised, as well as that someone will take advantage of their condition and, for example, rob them. All this only fuels the panic. One of the extreme forms of agoraphobia is when a person, avoiding situations that cause attacks of fear, begins to perceive everything that is outside the house as a source of danger and completely ceases to leave his "refuge".

Demophobia and ochlaphobia - is there a difference?

Against this background, demophobia looks less threatening and more "highly specialized" - it's just a fear of a large crowd of people: transport at rush hour, long queues, rallies, etc. etc. Someone so afraid of being in a crowd that they experience a panic attack just by imagining themselves in it or just looking at it (this is true for all the phobias considered here). Like many people subject to various fears, the demophobe seeks to avoid any situations that can wake him up with a panic, but for him there are fewer such situations than for agoraphobes.

As for ochlophobia, in its manifestations it is very similar to demophobia. Some experts consider these two terms as full synonyms, while others single out one detail, which, in other respects, is of interest to theorists rather than practitioners, since neither the mechanisms of occurrence, nor the course of symptoms, nor the ways to deal with it practically do not change. So, according to some sources, ochlophobes differ from demophobes in that in the first, panic attacks are provoked only by an unorganized crowd (say, in the subway or at a rally), and not just a large crowd of people (for example, during a performance in the theater). Thus, ohlophobes can easily go to a public lecture, but not a stadium. This can be explained, for example, by the fact that an unorganized crowd is actually more dangerous, and in this case it is much more difficult to control the situation.

Phobia or just fear of a large number of people?

Finally, we note that it is absolutely normal to show excitement when you are surrounded by a large number of people. Many do not like it when someone else touches them, even when these touches are forced - in a clogged elevator or car. Many people are afraid that a pickpocket will pull out a phone or wallet in the subway or on a crowded street - this fear, like some others associated with the danger of being in a crowd, cannot be called irrational. The panic attacks caused by these potential dangers are irrational.

Fear of the crowd is most common in big cities (which is logical enough), and if it overtook you, it is better not to self-medicate or simply ignore crowded places (you will not be able to do this all the time). Contact a specialist, and he will help you get rid of the fear of fuel, no matter what name you prefer for it - demophobia, ochlophobia, agoraphobia. Fortunately, in most cases it is not as difficult as working with some other types of phobias.

What is the fear of the crowd?

It is believed that the fear of the crowd is a rare phenomenon. Otherwise, traveling by train and flying in airplanes would become impossible for many people.

What is it and what is it called

The life of people with such a phobia turns into a series of constant trials and overcoming oneself. After all, everyone has to be in a cluster of other people quite often.

Some may not be aware that they have such a phobia. They just get sick for some reason. A panic attack that occurs among people is a signal that can be interpreted unambiguously.

What is the fear of crowds called? The fear of large crowds of people can be called differently. Experts use three terms:

Is there a difference between these terms or are they synonyms?

Some differences between these similar concepts exist:

Agoraphobia is literally a phobia of open space. In this case, a person is not afraid of people united in a large cluster, but of an unlimited space where he feels lonely and defenseless.
Demophobia is a term denoting an overwhelming fear of crowds. Fear of the crowd can occur not only when leaving the building. A person can also be overcome with fear indoors, for example, in a store, at parties, in a restaurant, etc. So this term more accurately describes the fear of the crowd.
Ochlophobia is literally translated from ancient Greek and means "irresistible fear of the crowd."

Thus, these three terms are not synonymous. Each of the concepts emphasizes the nuances of human perception of reality. Agoraphobia is a very broad concept, although a person who is characterized by a fear of the crowd may also be afraid of open spaces. Demophobe, based on the exact translation, is afraid of the people, which cannot be fully correlated with the fear of crowds. This term is more suitable for denoting the fears of politicians and leaders before the reaction of the people and the collective in response to their actions.

But the name "ochlophobia" very accurately describes the state of a person suffering from an insurmountable fear precisely of crowds of people. Moreover, this fear can manifest itself both in the form of fear of just a large number of people located in a small area, and in the form of horror precisely before the crowd as a spontaneously organized mass of people.

How does ochlophobia manifest itself?

The problem is that in order to identify exactly ochlophobia, you need to be able to distinguish this disorder with the alertness that is inherent in every person who has fallen into a crowd of people he does not know.

Phobias are irrational feelings that manifest themselves only from the very sight of the objects of fears.

In order to distinguish pathological fears from ordinary caution, you need to know the main signs of ochlophobia. A person who finds himself in a crowd begins to feel:

a sudden surging strong sense of danger, turning into panic;
feeling of hopelessness;
fear of getting lost in a crowd of strangers;
a feeling of dislike for everyone he looks at;
diffidence;
the desire to distance oneself from everyone and everyone.

In addition to mental disorders, a person also feels physiological changes. He appears:

sharp and profuse sweating;
cardiopalmus;
noise in the head;
lump in the throat;
labored breathing;
dizziness or headache;
dry mouth;
nausea.

If a person has realized the connection of these symptoms with a large crowd of people, then his behavior begins to change dramatically. He begins to lead a reclusive life, calculates his movement in space so that his path passes through those places where there are usually few people. At the same time, the sense of caution that manifests itself in deserted places may give way to a feeling of relief and even joy that there are no more people here.

Gradually, such fears can develop. As a result, a person acquires new phobias, mental and somatic diseases.

Reasons for the formation of fear of the crowd

Any phobias are divided into hereditary or acquired. The first option is a hypertrophied manifestation of some instinct formed in our distant ancestors at the genome level.

The fear of large crowds of people is usually classified as an acquired fear. This view is based on the fact that man is a social being. Being among people, he should feel a sense of security. Most people usually have these feelings. Otherwise, they would not like mass holidays with festivities in the streets, parks and squares.

Usually ochlophobia is formed in those who have experienced:

fear of losing loved ones in a large crowd of people;
beatings and humiliation from aggressive and united people;
too close attention of adults in relation to the child, this can create psychological fatigue from the fact that the child is not allowed to live independently;
experienced stress of armed conflicts with murders and pogroms;
fear left over from being in the bombing and shelling zones.

The listed options for the genesis of a phobia are just examples. Many people are afraid of crowds because of personal experience.

How to get rid of ochlophobia

The first step to healing is making a diagnosis. If a person realized that he was tormented by a phobia of the crowd, then you need to start with introspection. This means that you first need to find out the cause of the pathological fear.

Not everyone can cope with this disease alone. The best way out is to contact a psychologist who will help not only to identify the cause, but will correct the behavior. Its essence is to determine a step-by-step strategy for changing attitudes towards the object of fears. The role of the psychologist is also to debunk the myth of the danger of the crowd, which the patient has created for himself.

It is better to fight the fears that haunt a person together with understanding and experienced people. It can be psychologists, psychoanalysts, friends, relatives and close people. The main thing is to take the necessary measures in time, until the phobia has passed into a hypertrophied form.

Demophobia - fear of large crowds

The modern world is active and dynamic. The morning of the capital city begins with a crowd, practically running into the subway, which is in a hurry to work. The accelerated rhythm of life, a large crowd of people, people endure in different ways. For some, this is a powerful boost of energy, a positive, emotional factor, for others, a large number of people causes fear and tension. In the most severe cases, this fear can develop into a phobia.

A phobia is a persistent reaction to a stimulus that a person experiences as negative. In this case, such a variety of it as demophobia arises - a panicky fear of a crowd, a large crowd of people. At the time of an attack, a person is inadequate, he sees a real serious danger where it does not exist.

The everyday crowd is incapable of doing harm. But in the human unconscious, images of the consequences caused by an uncontrolled crowd can live. Everyone knows that in a moment of panic, the crowd is a huge force that can cause severe harm to others. Frightened, running, it can be extremely dangerous, where everyone saves their lives, not paying attention to others.

The modern world is full of negative situations associated with a large number of people: traffic jams, long journeys to work, traffic jams, television shows showing terrorist attacks, frequent mass festivities with unpredictable consequences of an intoxicated crowd, theft of money, property in crowded places, markets and etc.

Causes of panic attacks

The appearance of such pronounced states always has its own background. As a rule, the prerequisites that gave rise to demophobia are laid down in childhood, when a personal space is formed, a feeling of it by a child. With its constant violation, the child may have problems with people later in life, especially if we are talking about a large concentration of them.

Such a child, growing up, will be more likely to be exposed to traumatic situations that are associated with people or a group of people. And if in adulthood he suffers severely from the crowd or simply from situations related to individuals, then he may develop demophobia.

Demophobia also occurs as a concomitant factor in mental illness and nervous disorders.

All those people with whom we travel in transport, walk down the street, stay indoors are in invisible contact with us, we can experience an emotional reaction when looking at them, experiencing discomfort from human touch, smells, etc. These impressions can affect our personal space.

Each person has their own distance. By setting it up with other people and interacting with them, he feels safe. Demophobes do not have such a distance, they are extremely susceptible to others. A person whose boundaries have been constantly violated since childhood will feel great discomfort in the environment of other people. With a large number of interactions, a person may have a constant desire to “run away” from the crowd, to be alone. If no measures are taken, then this process will intensify, the tension in contact with people will increase. Don't wait for a strong fear to go away on its own. Symptoms once manifested will recur again and again. Help yourself in whatever way you feel is right for you.

The panic fear of the crowd, like any other phobia, is a defensive reaction. It helps a person to secure himself and his own borders. Extremely receptive people maintain their personal space by avoiding large groups of people, choosing a small group of those with whom they are comfortable.

Symptoms of Panic Fear of Crowds

If a person almost constantly experiences severe discomfort, panic, appearing in crowded places, visiting large stores, markets, etc., then we can talk about the presence of this phobia or a predisposition to it.

A person in moments of a panic attack may experience dizziness, heart palpitations, his blood pressure may rise, and even fainting is possible.

Such people move away from active interaction with the social environment, feeling calm only when surrounded by a small number of people.

The fear of a person who is afraid of the crowd is inexplicable for him. He can tell himself that in this situation he has no one to be afraid of, but this is unlikely to help him much, although it will bring some relief. A person is not afraid of the current situation, but of something else, long-standing, which is deeply embedded in him from past experience.

Of course, in a crowd, your wallet can be pulled out, and taking care of it, for example, in the market, is a healthy defensive reaction. But if the alleged loss of a wallet causes panic, this reaction needs to be corrected.

States of panic fear can occur in places that cannot be abruptly left - a barber's chair, a place in a movie theater. A person is seized with the fear of shame, if a panic attack overtakes him in a public place, he is frightened of his helpless behavior in public.

How to help yourself during an attack

Psychologists recommend looking around you for potential danger from the people around you. Looking closely at the environment, you will see that everyone is busy with their thoughts, deeds, and you are the same everyday background for them as other passers-by.
A good solution at this critical moment is to hear the voice of a loved one whom you can call on the phone. It will calm you down, distract you, give you strength and confidence.
A person in moments of such states does not see in the crowd the same people as he himself. For him, it is a faceless gray mass. It is recommended to talk to someone from the crowd, ask the time, ask any question. Having received a calm answer, you will be able to feel the real situation more adequately, realizing that at the moment your panic is groundless. By talking to a person, you can ease your acute condition.
Try at this moment to better feel yourself, your body, watch your breath. Smooth and deep, it will help you relax, streamline your thoughts, and allow you to calm down. Constantly referring to the practice of breathing, you can learn to relieve such attacks on your own.

Treatment of demophobia

Release yourself from those situations that hurt you. This approach is certainly not the best. A person who avoids the crowd of people takes the position of a victim for himself. The feeling of dependence on people and circumstances increases, the quality of life decreases, but the process of developing a phobia will stop. This is a necessary but not sufficient way to help yourself. Constantly living in self-restraint is not for everyone. The development of a phobia will slow down, but this problem can only be truly solved with the help of a specialist.

It is necessary to weaken the traumatic influence of the crowd for yourself. Try to avoid large crowds, choose routes for yourself where there are few people and there is no active traffic. Think over the route, avoiding crowded places: central streets, squares. Try not to attend mass celebrations, theaters, concerts, rallies, restaurants, markets, large stores.

If you are ready to consult a psychologist, this will be the best choice.

Psychological methods are multifaceted and varied. A specialist, for example, can ask a client about the states he is experiencing, analyze them, then artificially model the situations in his office, enable the patient to experience them in a new way, moving from the simplest to the most complex. The psychotherapist can add to the treatment medicines that calm the nervous system. In a calm state, we begin to experience positive emotions, which gradually leads to recovery.

The task of a psychologist is to show the groundlessness of an acute reaction to an everyday situation, to teach a person to see reality, and not his fantasy.

social phobia - fear of society, pathological anxiety in front of various social situations;
perform professional activities - ergophobia;
to be in the company of strangers;
end a relationship with a loved one;
do not perform an action in the presence of strangers;
before meeting in a public place;
before loneliness - autophobia;
before exams;
before involuntary vomiting or hiccups in public;
blush in public - erythrophobia.

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How to overcome fear of crowds

For a full life in society, it is necessary to go through the process of socialization. The world is evolving, constantly in motion. Every day, each of us has to deal with a huge number of people.

The fear of the crowd is very disturbing in modern life

Everyone perceives the accelerated pace of life and a huge crowd of people differently. For many, the environment of a large crowd is familiar, but for some it causes panic and fear. In critical cases, this situation can lead to the appearance of phobias, which are difficult to get rid of.

Concept definition

A phobia is a symptom consisting in the occurrence of uncontrollable fear under certain circumstances. One of its popular varieties is the fear of the crowd, which is associated with three main concepts:

What is agoraphobia

Agoraphobia is the fear of crowds. According to scientists, this concept is true, so it is more correct to use it when describing the fear of a crowd of people.

Agoraphobia is better known as the fear of open spaces, the opposite of claustrophobia (fear of enclosed spaces). It is important to understand how the fear of open places and the fear of large crowds are related. These phobias have the same causes, forms of manifestation and methods of treatment. As part of such a mental disorder, there is a fear of a large crowd of people. Unconscious fear is experienced when overcoming large-scale open areas without an escort, fearing the sudden invasion of strangers into their personal comfort zone. The main prerequisites for the occurrence of agoraphobia are fears caused by emotional trauma.

Demophobia and ochlophobia: differences

Demophobia is understood as a panic fear of crowds: metro (transport) at rush hour, long queues or mass rallies. At the time of the attack, the demophobe becomes uncontrollable and inadequate, sees a threat in what is harmless. The media broadcast daily news of tragic incidents involving crowds, so people who regularly watch TV gradually begin to develop a phobia of large crowds. Those suffering from demophobia may experience fear of the crowd even at the slightest idea of it. Attacks overcome on a subconscious level, it is impossible to get rid of them. Crowd phobia is a heightened instinct for self-preservation.

Demophobes do not realize that the crowd cannot do harm, and expect danger where it does not exist. The crowd is an overwhelming force, and in a moment of emergency, it can cause serious damage to others. Everyone strives to get out of the cramped carriage as soon as possible, to escape in the event of an unforeseen conflict, which creates even more tension between a large crowd of people.

Under the pressure of terrible news, the subconscious of a demophobe, who is among a huge number of people, considers only negative options for the development of events.

If we talk about ochlophobia, then it is practically no different from demophobia. Most scientists are convinced that these two concepts are semantically identical, some highlight one important difference: the fear of an unorganized crowd is characteristic of ochlophobes. Panic occurs only in the environment of an uncontrolled crowd of people: a football match, a rally or a stampede in public transport. The fear of the crowd in this case is explained by the fact that in such conditions people become more aggressive and unpredictable, and therefore more dangerous. Okhlophobes can easily attend various events: watch a play or be in a classroom.

Demophobia - fear of congestion in the subway and other public transport

Causes

Fear of the crowd is one of the few phobias that can develop at a conscious age. The cause of its occurrence is a painful experience: experienced traumatic events received in childhood or adolescence.

The prerequisites for the appearance of demophobia are laid in childhood, when the perception of the world around is formed. In the future, such a child faces difficulties in communication and socialization. There are also exceptions, when the fear of crowds begins to manifest itself in childhood. The reason may be severe emotional stress: the loss of a child among a large number of people or excessive attention to him.

From an early age, an invisible distance is formed, which forms a comfort zone. If this boundary is violated by both strangers and close people without the will of the child, an unpleasant trace remains in the mind. Even an adult, in the case of people approaching at close range, the subconscious mind can signal the appearance of danger.

Symptoms

There are many manifestations of crowd fear. From the point of view of psychology, to carefully monitor your belongings in crowded places, to remain cautious and foresight - all this is called a protective reaction. It is possible to recognize the presence of a real phobia of crowds by physical and mental signs. Physical symptoms include:

increased heart rate;
increase in pressure;
deterioration in breathing;
profuse sweating;
lack of coordination;
darkening in the eyes, tinnitus;
panic attacks.

There are such mental symptoms:

unconsciously arising thoughts about a possible threat to health;
fear of getting lost in the crowd;
miscalculation of further actions and routes;
attempts to get rid of discomfort and retire as soon as possible.

In most cases, demophobes get rid of their fear when moving away from a large crowd of people, but sometimes the unintentional appearance of fear of the crowd leads to serious consequences: fainting or a nervous breakdown.

Vicious circle of panic

Treatment

If you find any phobia, the best option to get rid of it is to visit a psychologist or psychiatrist. An effective technique is psychocorrection. Its essence lies in the fact that the psychotherapist is looking for the cause of the phobia, together with the patient trying to find a traumatic memory. Myths about fear are destroyed in various ways, the uselessness and the real possibility of suppressing it in oneself are discussed, a new model of behavior and an image of a full life in society are being developed.

Not all demophobes are able to admit their problem and turn to a specialist. Self-medication will help to dull the emerging feeling of fear, but will not get rid of it completely. A demophobe should try to avoid crowded places, open squares, mass celebrations and concerts.