Lymph nodes are an important part of the human immune system; they are among the first to protect the body from various infections, and also indicate the presence of a pathological process in the body. In a healthy person, the lymph nodes do not manifest themselves in any way. If they increase, pain, swelling and other manifestations, it is necessary to consult a doctor as soon as possible for diagnosis and treatment, since these symptoms indicate not only local infections, but also serious systemic pathologies.

The inguinal lymph nodes are located in the thickness of the fold between the thigh and the pubic area. Normally, they are painless, soft-elastic and can reach 1-1.5 cm.

Signs indicating pathology are:

• An increase in the size of the lymph nodes, to the point that they become noticeable upon visual examination.
• Soreness in the affected area, in the groin and in the inner thigh, noted both at rest and when touched.
• Change in color of the skin over an enlarged lymph node. It may take on a slight reddish, burgundy or bluish tint.
• Increased skin temperature over the site of inflammation, fever.
• General intoxication - weakness, lethargy, decreased tolerance to physical activity, headaches and muscle pain.

Doctors distinguish between regional (enlargement of one group of lymph nodes) and generalized (enlargement and tenderness of lymph nodes in different parts of the body, for example, in the groin, armpits or neck) lymphadenopathy. Generalized lymphadenopathy indicates a systemic infection, while isolated enlargement of the inguinal lymph nodes indicates a local inflammatory process (sexually transmitted diseases, sexually transmitted infections, kidney and bladder diseases).

Enlarged lymph nodes are one of the manifestations of malignant neoplasms, but they remain painless for a long time and practically do not bother a person, which leads to untimely consultation with a doctor and late diagnosis of oncopathology.

Enlarged lymph nodes due to genitourinary infections

Most often, infectious and inflammatory diseases of the reproductive and genitourinary systems lead to enlargement of the inguinal lymph nodes.

Almost every pathology is manifested by a number of characteristic symptoms that allow you to suspect its presence at the initial stage and consult a doctor:

• Urogenital candidiasis- a fungal disease characterized by itching, redness of the external genitalia, the appearance of cheesy white discharge, swelling of the vaginal mucosa and a slight enlargement and soreness of the lymph nodes.
• - STI, manifested by the release of a small amount of mucus from the vagina, urethra, itching, pain and burning when urinating. In the acute phase of chlamydia, the inguinal lymph nodes can significantly increase in size (over 2 cm in diameter), causing discomfort when walking and palpating.
• . After a long incubation period, averaging 7-9 months, genital warts form on the vaginal mucosa and lymph node tissue grows in response to inflammation.
• - a sexually transmitted disease, manifested by urethritis with copious purulent discharge, pain, burning in the urethra, as well as a significant increase in regional lymph nodes.
• - lymph nodes begin to increase in size simultaneously or a few days after the appearance of the main clinical symptom of the disease - chancre. With this pathology, the lymph nodes in the groin can increase to the size of a walnut, while remaining soft. Pain on palpation is mild or absent.
• Lymphadenitis caused by an exogenous infection entering the body. Often, enlarged lymph nodes in the groin are observed with scratches, abrasions and small wounds localized in the thigh, genitals and perineum.

Lymph nodes in the groin become inflamed in almost every case of urogenital infection, where they create a natural immune barrier and prevent the spread of pathogenic agents throughout the body.

Important! Since lymphadenopathy is not an independent disease, but only a symptom indicating a pathological process in the body, treatment should begin with the treatment of the underlying disease.

Systemic pathologies

In addition to diseases of the genitourinary system, systemic infections (including especially dangerous ones) and cancer can lead to lymphadenopathy:

• Infectious mononucleosis- is caused by the Epstein-Barr virus and is clinically manifested by an increase in multiple groups of lymph nodes, sore throat, fever and general weakness. With this infection, a general blood test will reveal atypical mononuclear cells, leukocytosis and an increase in ESR.
• Tuberculosis is a serious disease that can affect the lungs, kidneys and skeletal system. At the initial stages of this pathology, the lymph nodes are slightly enlarged, mobile and painful on palpation. With the further development of the disease, they become soldered together, become dense to the touch, and suppuration occurs.
• Rubella- a childhood infection, the first sign of which is enlarged lymph nodes. Most often, the occipital, cervical and parotid groups undergo pathological growth, however, in severe cases, the lymph nodes of the groin can also become enlarged and painful. In addition to lymphadenopathy, rubella is accompanied by fever, rash, and respiratory manifestations.
• HIV, autoimmune diseases, cancer and lymphatic system tumors- severe pathologies characterized by generalized lymphadenopathy. A distinctive feature of enlarged lymph nodes in these processes is their painlessness, especially upon palpation. During the development of pathology, especially with lymphogranulomatosis and lymphomas, the nodes often grow to the size of a chicken egg, acquire a dense consistency, and fuse with each other and with surrounding tissues.

Important! If you detect enlarged lymph nodes localized in the groin area, you must immediately consult a doctor and tell about all the disturbing symptoms. This, together with the diagnosed lymphadenopathy, will help the specialist create a complete clinical picture and establish the correct diagnosis. For example, Hodgkin's lymphoma is manifested by night itching, sweating, and weight loss, which many patients may not pay attention to.

Diagnosis of the disease

To select the correct and most effective treatment, it is important to establish the underlying cause that led to the appearance of enlarged lymph nodes in the groin.

The list of diagnostic procedures includes:

• visual inspection and palpation;
• general clinical studies (CBC, OAM, biochemical analysis);
• gynecological examination;
• microscopic, cultural examination of smears;
• PCR and serological tests for the determination of STIs;
• Ultrasound of lymph nodes, pelvic organs.

More detailed diagnosis depends on the results of the initial study. Depending on the suspected pathology, the patient may be prescribed an immunogram, a lymph node biopsy, specific tests to detect tuberculosis (Mantoux, Diaskin test), CT and MRI if the tumor nature of the pathology is suspected.

Important! Carrying out a needle aspiration biopsy when an enlarged lymph node is not only not indicative (since the doctor sees only part of the cells, and not its entire structure), but can also be harmful in oncological diseases, since it leads to damage to blood vessels, the lymph node capsule and spread atypical cells throughout the body. For diagnosis, an excisional biopsy is used, in which the pathological node is completely removed and sent for further histological examination.

Treatment

If the lymph nodes in the groin are enlarged, you should not self-medicate, because without knowing the correct diagnosis, you can only cause harm and worsen the condition. The choice of therapy depends on the underlying disease.

To treat lymphadenopathy the following are used:

• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(Nimesil, Ibuprofen), which stop the inflammatory process, exhibit an analgesic effect.
• Hormonal drugs(glucocorticoids) - used to eliminate swelling and in case of ineffectiveness of NSAIDs.
• Antibiotics(penicillins, tetracyclines, fluoroquinlones) - the choice of antibacterial drug depends on the sensitivity of the microorganisms that caused the underlying disease.
• Specific antiretroviral, antituberculosis, antitumor treatment(chemistry, radiation therapy).

For lymphadenitis caused by inflammation in the genitourinary system, with the permission of the attending physician, it is possible to use home remedies. To relieve pain and eliminate swelling, a compress of mint leaves is used. To prepare it, you need to finely chop or grind fresh peppermint using a blender, wrap the resulting pulp in several layers of mata and, without squeezing, apply to the affected area for 1-2 hours. The procedure must be repeated for 14 days, combining it with drug therapy prescribed by the doctor.

Important to remember! It is strictly forbidden to use warm compresses, ointments and rubbing on the area of ​​inflamed lymph nodes, as this can lead to further spread of the pathological process in the body.

A venereologist talks about inflammation of the inguinal lymph nodes in women.

The lymphatic system in the human body plays no less a role than the circulatory system. Its functions include cleansing tissues of metabolic products and fighting infections. Lymph nodes are special organs in which the destruction of foreign agents (for example, bacteria, tumor cells, etc.) occurs, and special cells of the immune system mature.

Inflammation of the lymph nodes in the groin in women or men is a pathological condition caused by a bacterial or viral infection.

In itself, enlargement of the lymphatic vessels and their soreness is not a disease, but rather one of the symptoms indicating that something is happening in the body that requires medical intervention.

Causes of inflammation of the lymph nodes in the groin in men

Inflammation of the lymph nodes in the groin or lymphadenitis may indicate the development of various diseases.

Causes of inflammation:

• infections of the reproductive system, sexually transmitted diseases;
• infections of the lower extremities;
• renal failure;
• severe hypothermia of the body;
• diseases of the pelvic organs (tumors);
• viral and other infections: toxoplasmosis, tuberculosis, STDs and others);
• inflammation can be caused by mechanical injuries;
• may serve as a response to taking medications.

The disease occurs as a result of microorganisms entering the inguinal lymph nodes. In most cases, the cause of inflammation is:

• staphylococci;
• coli;
• streptococci;
• diplococci;
• causative agents of sexually transmitted diseases (since the genitals are very close).

As soon as microorganisms are detected in the lymph node, cells that are responsible for fighting infection and inflammatory reactions gradually begin to “flock” there. As a result, the node itself increases significantly in size.

Causes of inflammation of the lymph nodes in the groin in women

The inflammatory process in the groin lymph nodes in women can develop for various reasons, but the most common of them are:

1. Oncological neoplasms - as a malignant tumor progresses, all lymph nodes in the body become enlarged and inflamed;
2. Viral infections - most often preceded by inflammation of the inguinal lymph nodes, and;
3. The development of an inflammatory process in the body, the causative agent of which is cocci and tubercle bacilli;
4. Rejection of the transplant and development of the inflammatory process in the area of ​​surgical intervention;
5. Vaginal candidiasis ();
6. Diseases transmitted through sexual contact – , ;
7. Received groin injuries - blows, falls.

In any case, a thorough diagnosis of the woman’s condition is carried out to identify the etiological factor of lymphadenitis. Any scratch can cause inguinal lymphadenopathy, but it needs to be detected.

Symptoms

The manifestations of lymphadenitis in men and women do not differ. First, the affected node increases in size, and the skin over it turns red. Itching and discomfort may occur.

Main symptoms of inflammation:

• increase in size of lymph nodes;
• the presence of pain, especially when moving;
• swelling in the area of ​​the inflammatory process;
• redness of the skin in the area of ​​inflammation;
• deterioration of health;
• chills, fever;
• the appearance of signs of intoxication;

As the process progresses, the person feels pain. A feature of inflammation of the inguinal lymph nodes is their constant movement when walking - which gives the patient even more discomfort.

Inflammation of the lymph nodes in the groin: photo

What inflammation of the lymph nodes in the groin of a woman or man looks like can be seen in the photo.

Diagnostics

To establish the true cause of inflammation of the lymph nodes in the groin, it is necessary to assess the patient’s complaints and the results of his clinical examination, on the basis of which an examination program is drawn up.

It must include:

• clinical and biochemical tests;
• bacteriological blood culture;
• puncture biopsy of the affected lymph node;
• cytological and histological examination;
• radiography and ultrasound examination of adjacent organs;
• computed and magnetic resonance imaging.

Traditional treatment of inflammation of the inguinal lymph nodes in men and women can be carried out using conservative and radical methods.

How to treat inflammation of the lymph nodes?

Mild inflammation of the nodes goes away on its own, without any treatment. Prolonged swelling (more than 2 weeks), accompanied by pain, fever and weakness, usually indicates a serious illness, which should be diagnosed and treated by a doctor. Other suspicious symptoms may include pain and itching in the genital area, bloody urine or stool, genital sores, nausea or vomiting.

Conservative therapeutic methods are used in the initial stages of the disease and include:

1. Keeping the affected area of ​​the body at rest;
2. Use of local antiseptic dressings;
3. Use of antibiotics;
4. Ointments with antiseptic and antimicrobial properties. These include Levomekol and Vishnevsky ointment;
5. Physiotherapy, including ultrasound treatment, galvanization and electrophoresis together with antibiotics.

If a purulent inflammatory process is detected, an operation is performed that involves opening the affected node and extracting the pathological purulent contents. In such situations, antibacterial and antimicrobial agents are used to drain the resulting cavity.

The general level of health of the human body is directly related to the state of its lymphatic system. Thus, when it fails and is disrupted, the degree of natural defense decreases, so a person becomes completely unarmed in the face of an endless number of pathogenic microorganisms in the surrounding space.

One of the clear signs of problems in the lymphatic system is inflammation of the lymph nodes in any part of the body. A pathological process in the groin can also occur in the fair sex, and may indicate a direct negative effect on the nodes or the development of a serious disease.

In order to prevent the development of this disease, or cope with it, it is very important to understand its true causes, symptoms, and how best to properly treat inflammation of the lymph nodes in the groin in women at home.

A lymph node is a peripheral organ of the human lymph system, which is an oval or round formation, its size ranges from 0.5 to 2 cm.

It performs the functions of cleansing lymph and producing protective cells that fight tumors and infections in the human body.

The inguinal lymph nodes are located in the area of ​​the inguinal folds (femoral triangle) and are responsible for transporting lymph to the iliac lymph nodes, which are located in the abdominal cavity.

Enlarged lymph nodes are called lymphadenitis. The disease can have an acute or chronic form; one node, a group of nodes, or several groups of nodes at once can become inflamed - this is typical in cases of systemic human diseases.

Lymphadenitis in the inguinal lymph nodes in women may indicate an inflammatory process, infection in the patient’s legs or pelvic organs.

The lymph node acts as a filter that should cleanse the lymph. In turn, the infection penetrates the lymph nodes through the lymph vessels. If an infection enters the human body, the lymph nodes are the first to react to it.

They take the blow, preventing the infection from penetrating deeper into the body. One of the main types of inflammation of the lymph nodes is inguinal lymphadenitis. What are the main causes of the disease, how to diagnose and cure it?

Inflammation is a reaction of the lymph nodes to a harmful accumulation of cells that are infected with pathogens. These cells penetrate into the nodes through the lymph vessels from the site of infection.

Inflammation of the inguinal lymph nodes is caused by:

Pain and swelling of the lymph node that suddenly appears is clear evidence that the cause of the disease is mechanical damage or infection.

If the lymph node becomes inflamed slowly, then you need to look for a more serious, deeper source.

Enlarged lymph nodes can also be caused by sexually transmitted diseases, such as:

• trichomoniasis;
• syphilis;
• gonorrhea;
• papillomaviruses;
• genital herpes;
• mycoplasmosis;
• ureaplasmosis;
• chlamydia.

Inguinal lymphadenitis is also possible with cystitis, urethritis, vesiculitis, balanoposthitis.

What are the symptoms of inflammation of the lymph nodes in the groin area in women?

The inguinal lymph nodes are close to the surface of the skin, so they can be felt. When exercising and walking, an unpleasant feeling of discomfort and aching pain may occur in the inflamed area.

In addition to changes in size, pain during movement and palpation, the following symptoms are observed:

• lymph node compaction;
• skin redness;
• burning, itching, peeling of the skin;
• increased body temperature of the patient;
• intoxication of the body develops in the event of accumulation of pus in the lymph nodes and progression of inguinal lymphadenitis. This condition is accompanied by a sharp increase in body temperature, general weakness, chills, muscle pain and headache. A blood test shows a high ESR content and pronounced leukocytosis.

Lymphadenitis is accompanied by a feeling of fatigue, weakness, loss of weight and appetite, loss of strength, and headache. Malaise clearly indicates the occurrence of a chronic or acute inflammatory process in the human body.

An enlarged lymph node in the groin area does not always cause pain. If it becomes motionless and hard, this may be a signal of the formation of a malignant tumor.

The most difficult thing to diagnose is chronic lymphadenitis, since its symptoms may be mild, and because of this, some diseases may progress to an advanced stage.

Diagnosing inguinal lymphadenitis is usually necessary through a medical examination. Often complicating the detection of the disease is the fact that the lymph nodes in the groin are not always easy to palpate.

Therefore, additional laboratory testing or diagnosis using instrumental methods is prescribed. It is important to accurately diagnose lymphadenitis, since its symptoms are similar to those of an inguinal hernia.

Methods for diagnosing lymphadenitis:

If a person is concerned about the condition of his lymph nodes, he should contact his local physician, who can refer the patient to other specialized specialists - an infectious disease specialist, a urologist, a gynecologist.

Many of us understand perfectly well that the key to successful treatment of any disease is a timely visit to a doctor. The same applies to the treatment of inflammation of the lymph nodes.

If you notice the first symptoms of inflammation of the lymph nodes, you must contact a specialist, and he, in turn, will conduct an examination and, based on the acquired data, prescribe the necessary treatment.

Effective treatment of inguinal lymphadenitis largely depends on identifying the true cause of inflammation and enlargement of lymph nodes.

Lymphadenitis of the inguinal nodes rarely develops as a separate independent disease; on the contrary, in most cases this disease is preceded by infectious inflammatory foci in the body: carbuncles, boils, abscesses and others.

So, how to treat inguinal lymphadenitis? Inflammation of the lymph nodes in the groin area in women is treated conservatively or surgically. At the initial stages of development of the inflammatory process, the patient may be prescribed:

Surgical intervention to treat lymphadenitis is considered only if pus forms and gradually accumulates in the lymph nodes. To ensure the drainage of pus from the inflamed lymph nodes, the surgeon resorts to drainage.

General therapy in the treatment of inguinal lymphadenitis involves eliminating any symptoms of inflammation. To do this, you need to follow these simple recommendations:

• a patient with lymphadenitis is prescribed bed rest;
• diet: eat only light, dietary foods, avoid too fatty and high-calorie foods;
• The main drugs in treatment are antibiotics, since the most common cause of lymphadenitis is infection. Broad-spectrum antibiotics may be used until the exact cause of the disease is determined.

Today, there are many methods of treating inflammation of the lymph nodes in the groin in women with folk remedies. Below are the most effective of them:

If pain in the lymph nodes has no apparent cause and does not go away after a few days, do not delay your visit to the clinic, since inflammation of the lymph nodes may indicate serious health problems.

Before starting treatment with traditional methods, you should consult a medical specialist. It is also necessary to undergo a comprehensive examination, since only in this case is it possible to carry out the correct treatment.

Lymphadenitis is not a separate disease, but a direct reaction of the body to another disease. It is extremely dangerous to self-medicate in the presence of tumors, while it is vitally important to carry out urgent surgical intervention.

I will quote an excerpt from the article “Lymphadenopathy” by Bruce Morland, a British oncologist: “The first question that needs to be resolved is whether the lymph nodes are really pathologically enlarged. Unfortunately, it is difficult to find information in the scientific literature that will be useful in this situation. While some authors argue that lymph nodes less than 1 cm in diameter clearly have no diagnostic value, others agree with the “1 centimeter” rule, but add that for epitrochlear (ulnar) lymph nodes a size of up to 0.5 cm should be considered normal , and for the groin - up to 1.5 cm.”

In children, some authors consider a somewhat larger size of lymph nodes to be normal. The work of LS Nield, D Kamat states the following: “... throughout the entire childhood period, cervical, inguinal and axillary lymph nodes less than 1.6 cm in size are often detected in healthy children.”

The electronic resource Family Practice Notebook allows for the possibility of an enlarged lymph node in a healthy child up to 1.5-2 cm.

In an attempt to summarize the above information and personal experience, I will say the following. With rare exceptions, lymph node sizes up to 1 cm are the norm. Lymph nodes measuring 1-2 cm can be either normal or a manifestation of the disease. Unfortunately, like most medical issues, the problem of enlarged lymph nodes cannot be strictly algorithmized. A lot depends on the patient’s age, the location of the lymph node, and the history of its appearance. Lymph nodes larger than 2 cm in most cases are a symptom of a particular disease.

1. Morland B. Lymphadenopathy. Arch Dis Child. 1995;73:476–9.

2. Nield LS, Kamat D. Lymphadenopathy in children: when and how to evaluate. Clin Pediatr (Phila). Jan-Feb 2004;43(1):25-33.

3.Lymphadenopathy. [Electronic resource]. Resource access mode http://www.fpnotebook.com/hemeonc/lymph/Lymphdnpthy.htm

Comments

I got a puncture and the test came back good. Is it worth taking a puncture again?

Is it normal to feel a lymph node in the groin?

Enlarged lymph nodes are a symptom of many diseases with a wide range of causes and associated manifestations. Sometimes enlarged lymph nodes are the only finding of a doctor when examining a patient, and sometimes they fit into the most motley picture of some banal disease, for example, measles or rubella.

In the process of assessing lymph node enlargement, everything is important - one or more lymph nodes are enlarged, whether there are other manifestations of the disease, the duration of the enlargement, the degree and many others.

We will try to answer the following questions in as much detail and as clearly as possible:

What are lymph nodes and where are they located in the human body?

Examination of an enlarged lymph node

Causes of enlarged lymph nodes

The most common causes of enlargement of certain groups of lymph nodes

There are a lot of processes going on in the human body all the time. Blood circulates through the veins, the heart beats uninterruptedly, the brain works. Also in the human body there is a movement of lymph, a clear liquid that performs the function of returning proteins, salts, toxins, metabolites and water from tissues to the blood. From this article you will learn what inguinal lymph nodes are, where they are located and what diseases they are susceptible to.

The meaning of lymph and nodes

Lymph is a fluid that contains many lymphocytes. It is responsible for the body's immune system. The flow of this fluid occurs from bottom to top. Along the path of the lymphatic vessels there are certain points that perform a barrier and immune role. So, everyone knows the lymph nodes that are located in the armpits, neck and groin.

Inguinal lymph nodes

Women and men have lymphatic points from birth. In normal condition, they range in size from 5 to 7 millimeters. The inguinal lymph nodes have a location.

Inflammation of the lymph nodes in the groin (lymphadenopathy) is a disease that leads to changes and disruption of the normal functioning of the lymph nodes to protect the body, primarily from infectious agents. Nodes of various anatomical areas can become inflamed, and the corresponding lymphatic vessels can be affected at the same time.

A common cause of inflammation of the inguinal lymph nodes in women is the entry of a pathogenic microorganism. The routes through which the infection enters the lymph node can be divided into “external” and “internal”.

The external path implies the presence of damage to the skin (wounds or scratches) through which.

Lymph nodes are filters that cleanse lymph from bacteria, viruses, toxins and cellular breakdown products. All of these agents enter the lymph from peripheral tissues and are neutralized by immune cells in the lymph nodes. In addition, the maturation of the T-cell component of immunity occurs in them: T-helper and T-killer cells, which are responsible for the antitumor and antiviral defense of the body.

Lymph nodes that collect lymph from a specific part of the body are called regional. From the lower extremities, perineum and genitals, lymph flows through the inguinal lymph nodes. They lie to the right and left of the perineum in the area of ​​the inguinal ligament and large vessels of the lower limb, covered on top with subcutaneous fat and skin. Inflammation of the groin lymph nodes is called groin lymphadenitis. The disease occurs in people of both sexes and develops more often in children, young and mature people.

It should be understood that not any enlargement of the lymph nodes in the groin.

General information

Lymph nodes are organs of lymphocytopoiesis and antibody formation, located along the lymphatic vessels.

The body has lymph nodes, the largest number of which are located in the mesentery (200-500), in the root of the lung (50-60), in the axillary fossa (8-37).

The weight of lymph nodes is 500-1000 g, which corresponds to approximately 1% of body weight.

The size of lymph nodes ranges from 1 to 22 mm in length. Lymph nodes are located in the loose connective tissue between the skin and muscles, often next to large blood vessels. They have a connective tissue capsule mixed with smooth muscle fibers, which allows the node to contract and move lymph fluid. The parenchyma of the lymph node is divided into cortex and medulla.

Lymph nodes through which lymph flows from internal organs are called visceral, nodes located on the wall of cavities are called parietal or somatic. Lymph nodes that receive lymph from.

Consultation with an oncologist on the topic “Axillary and inguinal lymph nodes” is given for informational purposes only. Based on the results of the consultation received, please consult a doctor, including to identify possible contraindications.

anonymous (Male, 39 years old)

In 2001, he suffered from hepatitis C.” (turned into a chronic form) After about 6-7 months there was unprotected sexual intercourse and at the same time, intravenous injection of used. with a syringe (I was a drug addict in the past) after about 2.

anonymous (Male, 26 years old)

Hello, in August 2015 I received a fracture of both heel bones + a fracture of the tibia bones of the left leg. An operation was performed to install osteosynthesis of the tibia and left calcaneus six months later.

anonymous (Female, 23 years old)

Hello! About a month ago, an ultrasound scan revealed enlarged axillary lymph nodes (19 by 7.3 mm and 15 by 7.3 mm), inguinal (both up to 18 mm) and cervical (longitudinal).

Quality treatment largely depends on when the problem was discovered. Lymph nodes contribute to this. They are a filter that prevents infections and bacteria from freely wandering through the bloodstream. Lymph nodes in the groin of women react to all changes and begin to become inflamed, giving an alarming signal.

Why the lymph nodes in the groin become inflamed: reasons

The causes of inflammation can be different pathogens. Sometimes these are simple hormonal fluctuations, and sometimes serious illnesses. Every time you need to take the time to go to the doctor, who will determine the cause.

Medical practice identifies the following reasons for enlarged lymph nodes in the groin in women:

oncology (the presence of a neoplasm in the body provokes not only the inguinal lymph nodes, but also all the others); tuberculosis bacillus (also provokes the entire body); viral infection (the most common infections in the groin area are measles, rubella, etc.

Please tell me, what is the normal state for lymph nodes?

Previously, I wrote that for 5 years I have had several lymph nodes enlarged on my neck (I am 19 years old) (whether they are enlarged or not, I don’t know), there are just 2-3 lumps under the skin from 6 mm to 3-4 mm in diameter, mobile, painless, not to say that they are like a stone, but not soft either (like rubber or something like that). In the groin area there are also about 3 on each side: all of them are small (3-4 mm), and one is larger, 7-8 mm, of the same consistency. The doctor (surgeon) said that these are absolutely normal lymph nodes, since they have been present for a long time (more than 2 years) without visible growth. (although, just in case, she gave directions for blood tests, etc.)

In general, what should normal lymph nodes look like? Should they be palpable or not (I’m not a thin person, but not fat either), specifically the cervical ones, etc.

The lymphatic system protects the body from pathogens and other foreign agents. The protective function is carried out in particular by the lymph nodes. They are essentially filters that prevent further spread of microorganisms throughout the body. Inflammation of the lymph nodes is called lymphadenitis. Inguinal lymphadenitis is quite common.

Inguinal lymph nodes

The inguinal lymph nodes are located subcutaneously in the area of ​​the inguinal ligament. They collect all the lymph from the legs, perineum, and genitals.

There are three groups of lymph nodes in the groin area:

Upper group - due to this group of lymph nodes, lymph drains from the buttocks and lower abdominal wall; Middle - there is an outflow of lymph from the perineum, external genitalia, anus; The lower one is carried out.

One of the main functions of the lymphatic system is local and general immune defense of the body. The lymphatic system is also responsible for cleansing the body of metabolic products and toxic substances. When inflammation occurs in any part of the body, local or regional lymph nodes react first.

Rice. 1 - Location of inguinal lymph nodes in men.

Causes of enlarged inguinal lymph nodes

Almost any inflammatory process or significant injury localized in the area of ​​the lower extremities and groin leads to the appearance of symptoms of lymphadenitis, i.e., enlarged lymph nodes. In urological practice, we can identify the most common pathological processes that lead to enlargement of the inguinal lymph nodes. These include:

Nonspecific inflammatory processes

purulent-inflammatory diseases of the lower extremities, external genitalia; traumatic lesions of the perineum and external genitalia;

Lymph nodes, enlarged lymph nodes

The lymph nodes and spleen constitute a major part of the peripheral immune system and increase in size during various infections, tumors, autoimmune and metabolic disorders. Enlarged lymph nodes (lymphadenopathy) are common clinical signs that may prompt numerous diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. This chapter aims to introduce these two components of the immune system and highlight the clinical presentation and diagnostic evaluation of patients with lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly.

Structure and function of lymph nodes

Lymph nodes are peripheral lymphoid organs connected to the circulation by afferent and efferent lymphatic vessels and postcapillary venules. Certain cell types support the framework and stroma of the lymph node. Fibroblasts dominate the capsule and trabeculae. Derivatives of fibroblasts that play an auxiliary role, reticular cells are found in B-cell zones of bone marrow origin (follicles and germinal or germinal centers). Tissue macrophages, which form a single cellular system with circulating monocytes, are normally distributed throughout the lymph node. Adjacent to the cortex are reticular cells, called dendritic cells, and islet cells, or Langerhans cells; Both cell types represent specialized non-phagocytic LA-bearing cells of bone marrow origin, participating together with macrophages in the presentation of antigen to thymus-dependent (T) and thymus-independent (B) cells. The cortex contains lymphatic follicles with germinal centers in which the B-cell zones of the lymph node are localized. Primary lymphatic follicles are populated by IgM- and IgD-bearing B cells and T4 + cells (helper/inducer) even before the antigenic stimulus. Secondary lymphatic follicles are formed as a result of antigenic stimulation and contain IgM- and IgD-bearing B cells in the outer, or integumentary, layer, and activated B cells, macrophages, reticular cells and scattered T4 cells in the germinal center (inner zone) (T-helpers). The areas between the primary and secondary follicles (interfollicular zone) and within the medulla belong to the T-cell (paracortical) zone. In the lymph node, the majority of T cells (approximately 80%) have a T4 + phenotype, related to T helper cells, the other part of T cells (approximately 20%) have a T8 + phenotype, related to T suppressor/cytotoxic cells.

The most important factors determining the composition and distribution of lymphoid cells in the lymph node include:

Transport through the lymph node occurs in two main directions. Through afferent vessels, lymph containing lymphocytes, macrophages and antigens enters the node through the subcapsular space, drains the paracortical and medulla layers, accumulating in the cerebral sinuses, and subsequently enters the efferent vessels and leaves the lymph node. Thymus T and B cells of the bone marrow with peripheral blood enter the lymph nodes through postcapillary venules, binding to specific receptors on the cells of the vascular endothelium of the venules. After antigen stimulation and clonal growth, sensitized T and B cells, as well as antibody-secreting plasma cells, are removed from the lymph node as part of the efferent lymph and then enter the peripheral blood through the thoracic lymphatic duct.

The function of lymph nodes is mediated by the activity of macrophages, T and B cells that come into contact with the antigen and synthesize specialized structures that optimally enhance the interaction of macrophages, which normally ensures effective recognition of the antigen, activation of the cellular and humoral components of the immune response, and ultimately elimination of the antigen.

Enlarged lymph nodes may be due to:

Normally, during an immune reaction, antigenic stimulation of macrophages and lymphocytes in the lymph nodes significantly affects the transport of lymphocytes. One of the earliest signs of exposure to an antigen is increased blood flow through the lymph node involved in the process, which during the period of stimulation by the antigen increases significantly compared to the norm. The accumulation of lymphocytes in antigen-stimulated nodes is facilitated by an increase in their migration through the node, a decrease in the outflow of lymphocytes from it, and the proliferation of responding T and B cells. The lymph node may thus be 15 times its normal size 5-10 days after antigenic stimulation.

Diseases accompanied by lymphadenopathy

Normally, in adults, the inguinal lymph nodes can be palpated, and their size usually reaches 1.5-2 cm. In other parts of the body, the smaller size of the lymph nodes is due to previous infection: they may correspond to the norm. The need to examine a patient with enlarged lymph nodes arises in cases where new nodes (one or more) with a diameter of 1 cm or more are discovered and the doctor does not know whether their appearance is related to a previously established cause. However, this is not a completely stable criterion, and under certain conditions, newly appearing multiple or single nodes cannot guarantee an appropriate examination result.

The main factors determining the diagnostic value of the fact of enlarged lymph nodes include:

Typically, lymphadenopathy reflects the disease process in adults rather than in children, since the latter respond to minimal stimuli with lymphoid hyperplasia. In patients under the age of 30, lymphadenopathy is benign in approximately 80% of cases; in patients over the age of 50, it is benign in only 40% of cases.

The clinical characteristics of peripheral lymph nodes play a special role. With lymphoma, they are usually mobile, dense, fused to one another and painless. The nodes involved in the process of carcinoma metastasis are usually dense and fixed to the adjacent tissue. In acute infections, palpable nodes are painful, located asymmetrically, fused, and the development of erythematosis of the skin is possible.

The localization of enlarged lymph nodes may be an important criterion in diagnosing diseases. Posterior cervical nodes are often enlarged with scalp infections, toxoplasmosis, and rubella, while enlarged anterior (parotid) nodes suggest infection of the eyelids and conjunctiva. With lymphoma, all groups of cervical nodes can be involved in the process, including the posterior parotid and occipital nodes. Suppuration of enlarged cervical nodes occurs with mycobacterial lymphadenitis (scrofula, or tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis). Unilateral enlargement of the cervical or mandibular lymph nodes suggests lymphoma or a tumor of a non-lymphoid nature in the head and neck area. The supraclavicular and scalene lymph nodes are usually enlarged due to metastasis of a tumor located in the chest cavity or gastrointestinal tract, or due to lymphoma. Virchow's node is a supraclavicular lymph node enlarged on the left, infiltrated by cells of a metastatic tumor, usually originating from the gastrointestinal tract. Unilateral enlargement of the epitrochlear node is due to infection of the hand; bilateral enlargement is associated with sarcoidosis, tularemia or secondary syphilis.

Unilateral axillary adenopathy (enlarged axillary lymph nodes) can occur with breast carcinoma, lymphoma, hand infections, cat scratch disease, and brucellosis.

Bilateral enlargement of the inguinal nodes may indicate a sexually transmitted disease, but inguinal lymphogranuloma (lymphogranuloma venereum) and syphilis are accompanied by unilateral inguinal adenopathy. Progressive enlargement of the inguinal lymph node, without obvious signs of infection, suggests malignancy. Involvement of the femoral lymph node in the process indicates pasteurellosis and lymphoma.

Symptoms suggestive of enlargement of the hilar or mediastinal lymph nodes include cough or difficulty breathing due to airway compression, recurrent laryngeal nerve compression with hoarseness, diaphragmatic paralysis, dysphagia with esophageal compression, swelling of the neck, face, or shoulder area as a result of compression of the superior vena cava or supraclavicular vein. Bilateral mediastinal adenopathy is most typical of lymphoma, especially nodular sclerosis of the Hodgkin's disease type.

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Why do lymph nodes appear in the groin of women?

Even this well-functioning system can fail when a person notices enlarged lymph nodes or feels discomfort due to their inflammation. There can be many reasons for this - from banal hypothermia, an unnoticed wound on the foot, to a serious inflammatory process in the pelvic organs.

How do enlarged inguinal lymph nodes appear?

For women who have never encountered such a phenomenon, it is difficult to understand how the lymph nodes in the groin enlarge and what symptoms may arise. There is a first time for everything, and inflammation of the inguinal nodes is no exception.

Enlarged inguinal lymph nodes cannot be ignored. They always cause discomfort

So, what a woman can feel:

The presence of a foreign object, which feels like an “extra” object, in the groin area. This symptom does not arise by chance - the inguinal lymph nodes in women normally have a diameter of up to 10 mm, and in the presence of pathology they increase 3 times or more. Despite the fact that they are located close to the surface of the skin, only a small part of the lymph node sticks out, more precisely, its tip - it can be easily felt. The part of the formation located in the soft tissues puts pressure on them, creating discomfort that increases when trying to bring the knee towards the body or bend forward.

Mild, moderate or intense pain in the groin, lower abdomen, upper thighs. Where there is inflammation, there is pain. With increased load on the lymphatic system, various pathogens can penetrate into the lymph nodes in the groin of women, which will certainly cause inflammation of the main lymphatic “depot”. Since there is an abundance of nerve endings in this area, the pain can spread not only to the abdomen, but even to the thighs, and sometimes to the perineum.

Local increase in body temperature. Even the slightest inflammation of the inguinal lymph nodes causes activation of the immune system, which is expressed in the effect of high temperatures on the pathogen. Since we are not talking about the body as a whole, but about individual lymph nodes, the patient is not bothered by the heat, but when you touch the protruding tubercles in the groin, you can feel that they are warmer than other parts of the body.

The listed signs make it clear that these are enlarged lymph nodes, and not ordinary swelling or other pathology. The appearance of such symptoms should alert you, because in 60% of cases they indicate serious diseases of the genitourinary system.

When lymph nodes in the groin are a sign of genitourinary pathology

If an enlarged lymph node is detected in the groin area, a preliminary diagnosis of inguinal lymphadenopathy is made - in women this may mean the presence of infectious, oncological and other diseases of the genitourinary area. However, such symptoms do not always indicate problems in the pelvic organs. It is worth remembering that lymph nodes in the groin hurt in women for other reasons. For example, for leg diseases.

The infectious origin of lymphadenopathy is indicated by an increase in body temperature

The connection between lymphadenopathy and genitourinary infections or diseases can be differentiated by the following additional characteristics:

• in the presence of an STI, along with enlarged lymph nodes, discharge from the genitourinary tract, rashes, ulcers on the external genitalia and in the mouth are observed;
• with inflammation of non-infectious etiology, in parallel with swelling of the inguinal lymph nodes, patients are bothered by nagging pain in the suprapubic part of the abdomen, discharge is possible;
• in oncology, enlarged lymph nodes are not accompanied by pain, but women may be bothered by a general depression of the condition.

These signs are necessarily identified at the initial stage of diagnosis - during an external examination, as well as during examination in a gynecological chair.

Diseases in which the inguinal lymph nodes become enlarged

The area where the lymph nodes are located in the groin in women is as close as possible to the genitourinary system, and therefore all pathogens are neutralized here. According to WHO statistics, about 85% of all cases of inguinal lymphadenopathy in women are caused by excessive activity of bacteria, viruses or fungi.

Diseases of the genitourinary area are the most common cause of enlarged inguinal lymph nodes in women

When determining the circumstances why the lymph nodes in the groin become inflamed, the following pathological agents are most often identified:

1. Staphylococci that cause inflammation of the endometrium of the uterus, vagina, urethra or bladder mucosa.
2. A fungus of the genus Candida that causes one of the most common sexually transmitted infections - thrush.
3. Sexually transmitted infections - chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis or ureaplasmosis.
4. Difficult to diagnose infections are Hodgkin's disease and mononucleosis.
5. Malignant neoplasms of the reproductive system and other pelvic organs.

Finding out why the lymph nodes in the groin in women become inflamed and painful can then only be done through a comprehensive diagnosis.

Methods for diagnosing inguinal lymphadenitis

If there is an enlargement of the lymph node in the groin of women, the causes of this phenomenon can be determined with high accuracy only through laboratory and instrumental studies. Their list is determined based on the presence of additional symptoms.

• General clinical analysis of blood and urine;
• Blood for RW (if there are signs of syphilis);
• Blood for PCR if viral and bacterial genitourinary infections are suspected;
• Biochemical blood test;
• Culture of discharge to determine STIs in a nutrient medium or for PCR or ELISA analysis.

In addition, additional blood testing is carried out for HIV, cytomegalovirus, herpes virus and papillomavirus.

Ultrasound is a reliable diagnostic method for suspected diseases of the pelvic organs

If you suspect inflammatory, non-infectious or oncological diseases of the genitourinary system, it is recommended to undergo additional laboratory diagnostics:

• Ultrasound examination of the pelvic organs;
• Computed or magnetic resonance imaging;
• X-ray of the pelvic organs.

If there is a high probability of Hodgkin's disease (cancer of the lymphatic system), an examination of the contents of the affected nodes will be proposed - a biography.

Treatment methods for lymph nodes in the groin

When the reasons why the lymph nodes in the groin are inflamed are clarified, the doctor will prescribe treatment appropriate to the situation. A variety of methods can be used, including drug therapy and surgery.

Treatment of lymph nodes in the groin may require long-term complex treatment.

At an early stage, when lymphadenitis has appeared relatively recently, antibiotics are used - for inflammation of the lymph nodes in the groin, penicillins, as well as broad-spectrum drugs, are considered effective.

Enlarged lymph nodes in the groin: causes, symptoms, therapy

Enlarged lymph nodes in the groin indicate the presence of serious disorders in the body. From a medical point of view, such disorders are called peripheral lymphadenopathy. The disease involves enlargement of one or more lymph nodes. There are many reasons that can trigger the development of lymphadenopathy in the groin. When such symptoms appear, there is a need for a comprehensive diagnosis. This allows you to identify the true cause and prescribe effective treatment.

In childhood, enlarged lymph nodes in the groin are considered normal and develop as a result of body growth. When such disorders appear in the body of a woman or man, we are talking about serious deviations from the norm.

Reasons for development

The inguinal lymph nodes are located in the area of ​​the inguinal folds (femoral triangle) and are designed to transport lymph to the lymph nodes in the peritoneum. With the development of lymphadenitis, the pathological process can occur in an acute or chronic form, only one node, or several, can enlarge. In case of mass damage, we are talking about a systemic disease of the body.

Provoking factors for women

Enlarged lymph nodes in the groin in women appear against the background of the following diseases and disorders:

• Venereal diseases and mechanical injury.
• STDs (ureaplasmosis, chlamydia, mycoplasmosis).
• Penetration of staphylococcus, streptococcus, Escherichia coli or Pseudomonas aeruginosa into the body.
• Candidiasis, herpes or papillomavirus.
• Damage to the skin due to boils and ordinary scratches.
• Allergic reactions and malignant tumors in the pelvic organs.
• Systemic diseases (diabetes mellitus, rubella and HIV).
• Complications after surgery.

Among the most common causes of enlarged inguinal lymph nodes in women are diseases that are sexually transmitted. Inflammatory processes localized in the pelvic organs are also a frequent provoking factor.

Moderate enlargement of the lymph nodes in the groin in women, which is accompanied by redness and itching in the vaginal area, is a local lesion. In this case, treatment is carried out quickly and complications, as a rule, do not occur.

If there is a long-term inflammatory process in the body and there is damage to not one, but several groups of lymph nodes, then we are talking about more serious pathologies. Enlarged nodes in this case merge into conglomerates, which are painful on palpation. In this case, the causes may be lymphoma, HIV infection, autoimmune diseases or metastasis.

Provoking factors for men

Enlarged lymph nodes in the groin in men indicate the presence of a nonspecific or specific infection, pathology of internal organs or oncology. In boys, the lymph nodes may be enlarged during the development of the genitourinary system. This is considered normal and does not require treatment. Despite this, in order to avoid pathologies, it is recommended to go to the doctor and get diagnosed.

Enlarged inguinal lymph nodes in men indicate that the system is clogged with bacteria, toxins or damaged cellular structures. This leads to excessive loads on the capsules, which can lead to their increase in size. Inside the lymph nodes, there is an excessive production of lymphocytes, which suppress the activity of pathogenic microorganisms and cleanse the blood of other contaminants. If the internal forces of the body cannot cope with the ongoing disturbances, then lymphadenitis develops.

Enlarged lymph nodes in the groin in men indicate the following disorders:

• Allergic diseases.
• Autoimmune reactions.
• Neurohumoral disorders.
• Immunodeficiency state.
• Inflammatory processes: urethritis, balanoposthitis.
• Furunculosis and tumors in the area of ​​lymphoid structures.

Regardless of the reason for enlarged lymph nodes in the groin in men, it is imperative to consult a specialist. The doctor will prescribe a comprehensive diagnosis and effective treatment, which will help prevent the spread of pathological processes in the body.

Possible complications

If an enlarged lymph node is left unattended, then after some time the following processes may develop in the body:

• Serous inflammatory process. Accompanied by activation of the body's defenses and the formation of edema.
• Festering. Characterized by the destruction of a large number of bacteria and neutrophils.
• Phlegmon. It is accompanied by purulent melting of the capsule itself, which contributes to the spread of the inflammatory process to the nearby subcutaneous tissue.

If you take timely treatment measures when lymph nodes are enlarged, the development of complications can be avoided. Self-medication usually leads to serious consequences. That is why you cannot do without the help of an experienced specialist.

Characteristic symptoms

An enlarged lymph node in the groin is usually accompanied by the following symptoms:

• Tightness, discomfort and pain.
• Redness of the skin and swelling.
• Burning, itching and peeling of the skin.
• Temperature rises to 37 degrees.

With lymphadenitis, severe weakness and a feeling of fatigue may appear. The patient feels a loss of strength and headache. In some cases, there is a decrease in body weight, which occurs against the background of loss of appetite.

Please note that enlarged lymph nodes in the groin area are not always painful. If the tumor has become immobile and very hard, then you should immediately go to an oncologist, as the tumor may be malignant.

The most difficult thing to determine is chronic lymphadenitis. Symptoms for this form of the disease can be quite mild. This leads to the transition of lymphadenitis to an advanced stage.

If the symptoms described above appear, it is recommended to go to the doctor. The first thing you should do is visit a surgeon. If the doctor, after the examination, deems it necessary, he will refer the patient to a gynecologist or urologist. If there is a rash on the skin, there is a need to consult a dermatologist.

Making a diagnosis

Not a single doctor can immediately tell you what can cause an enlarged lymph node. In order to correctly determine the cause, a number of examinations should be carried out:

• Visual inspection. Assess the size of the compaction, determine the presence of purulent contents and find out. What is the condition of the nearby lymphatic structures?
• UAC. Laboratory diagnostics allows you to determine the level of leukocytes in the blood, ESR and C-reactive protein.
• Hardware diagnostics. To visualize the internal structures of the node, ultrasound or MRI is performed.
• Biopsy. A pinch from the affected area (internal) is taken if lymphoma is suspected.
• Flora smear. Taken by a gynecologist to identify sexually transmitted diseases or STIs. Oncocytology is mandatory.

Therapeutic measures

The lymph node in the groin does not increase on its own. There are a number of reasons for the development of such disorders. First, the doctor determines why the lymph nodes are enlarged and only then begins to choose treatment tactics.

The inguinal form of lymphadenitis is treated conservatively or surgically. The treatment regimen is selected as follows:

• In case of an inflammatory or infectious process in the body, it is necessary to eliminate the disturbances. The lymph nodes then return to normal on their own. No auxiliary measures are required. If we are talking about chronic infections, then we cannot do without antibacterial drugs, vitamin complexes and immunomodulators.
• Catarrhal non-purulent foci are treated with conservative therapy - ultrasound, electrophoresis, antibiotics and compresses.
• Purulent foci are first opened and disinfected. Treatment with antibiotics is mandatory. If necessary, sutures are applied.
• When a fungal infection of the body occurs, there is a need for antimycotic therapy using antifungal drugs.
• In case of STDs, measures are taken to eliminate the infection and restore the body's microflora.

If the malignancy of the lymphatic structures is confirmed, then there is a need to excise the cancer-affected area. To avoid relapses, nearby soft tissues are also removed. Radiation therapy is mandatory.

If the lymph nodes on the right or left in the groin are enlarged, the lymph is checked for the presence of antibodies. A comprehensive diagnosis is required to identify the cause. Based on the results of the studies, the doctor prescribes conservative or surgical treatment.

Copying materials is possible only if you have an active,

Painful enlarged lymph nodes in the groin– a sign of lymphadenitis, which in most cases requires treatment with surgery or antibacterial drugs. Enlargement without pain and adhesion of the node to surrounding tissues – lymphadenopathy.

Inflammation of the lymph nodes in the groin is a sign of lymphadenitis

Where are the inguinal lymph nodes located?

The inguinal lymph nodes are located on the left and right in the fold between the legs and pelvis. They can also be found in the femoral triangle, localized in the area of ​​the outer and inner thigh.

In total, in the groin area there are lymph nodes, which are divided into 3 types, based on their location:

• on the pubis, buttocks, thighs– upper level;
• around the anus and in the labia area– average level;
• on the leg closer to the groin and down to the knees there is a chain of lymph nodes– lower level.

Superficial and deep inguinal lymph nodes

Normally, you can only palpate those glands that are located in the fold between the thigh and groin. On palpation they are noticeable in people with an asthenic body structure (thin) and children.

The normal size is up to 1–1.5 cm in length. Glands can be round, oval, oblong. They look like beans. They should be palpable as soft, elastic balls of homogeneous structure, without inclusions, not welded to each other or to the skin.

Glands are also divided according to their level under the skin:

• superficial - in people with a thin layer of fat, visible to the naked eye and in the photo, easily felt upon palpation;
• deep - located in the connective tissue of the abdominal wall in the area of ​​the femoral vein.

Lymph nodes are visible in these places in thin people

The lower lymph nodes in the groin area receive lymph from the legs, the middle level - from the external genitalia, perineum, anus, the upper ones - from the buttocks and abdominal wall. Enlarged lymph nodes in the lower zone - the likelihood of tumor metastasis; in the middle zone - infectious and sexually transmitted diseases.

The glands without pathologies are mobile, not hot to the touch, painless, the skin over them is not hyperemic, and has a normal shade. The maximum size of lymph nodes in this zone is allowed to be up to 20 mm.

Symptoms of lymphadenitis in women and men

Classification of lymphadenitis:

• acute or chronic stage;
• specific (caused by a specific pathogen) and nonspecific;
• catarrhal or purulent.

Symptoms of inflammation of the lymph nodes:

• enlarged glands of more than 1.5 cm;
• swelling and redness of the skin;
• soreness;
• purulent lymphadenitis is expressed by restriction in movement, a rise in temperature to 40 degrees, aching muscles and joints, lack of appetite, and headache.

At the first stage of lymphadenitis, the nodes do not pair with each other and adjacent tissues and remain mobile. If left untreated, they grow into the subcutaneous fat and form a painful, sedentary conglomerate of several enlarged nodes. The skin on top becomes bluish-purple.

How to distinguish an inguinal hernia from inflammation of the lymph nodes?

Symptoms of inguinal lymphadenitis are characteristic of some other diseases, including inguinal hernia. This pathology occurs when the wall of the abdominal cavity weakens, part of the peritoneum and internal organs falls into the groin area. More often diagnosed in women after 40 years of age. A feeling of pressure and dull pain occurs in the groin area; some time after the appearance of these sensations, a bulge is visible, similar to inflammation of the gland.

A hernia can manifest itself as eating disorders of the stomach

Differences between hernia:

• the pain is not localized only in one zone, it spreads to the lower back, tailbone, lower abdomen;
• eating disorders occur that are caused by displacement of internal organs;
• the protrusion is visible only after activity or physical exertion, during bowel movements, vomiting, sneezing, coughing, and in a lying position in the absence of pinching it can be reduced independently;
• becomes more noticeable when the body is in a horizontal position.

Benign cysts also develop in the groin area. In appearance, they resemble a purulent lymph node, but do not cause pain, the skin over them does not change its color or temperature.

Causes of inflammation and enlargement of lymph nodes in the groin

The glands in the groin often react to diseases of the genitourinary system, ulcers, boils in the buttocks and thighs. They are enlarged with generalized lymphadenopathy, which is caused by liver disease, infectious mononucleosis, and cytomegalovirus.

Inflammation (unilateral or bilateral lymphadenitis) occurs against the background of many diseases:

• inflammation of the bladder, urethritis;
• STD;
• balanoposthitis, colpitis;
• inflammation in the kidneys, liver;
• mononucleosis, genital herpes, cytomegalovirus in active form;
• ovarian cyst, endometritis, adnexitis;
• thrush.

Among the rarer causes:

• allergic reactions– atopic dermatitis, eczema, psoriasis, seborrhea;
• reactive inflammation of the node tissue for oncological pathologies;
• lymphogranulomatosis– primarily affects the tissue of the lymph node itself.

Lymphadenopathy is an enlargement of lymph node tissue, often painless. This diagnosis is made if lymphadenitis is not confirmed based on diagnostic results. Lymphadenopathy is a response to the fight of immune forces against foreign agents - allergens, cancer cells, viruses, bacteria.

Enlargement (lymphadenopathy) occurs in the following cases:

• tuberculosis;
• helminthic infestations;
• syphilis, HIV;
• systemic mycoses;
• infections – staphylococci, streptococci, gonococci, cat scratch disease;
• oncological diseases;
• autoimmune pathologies.

Worm infestations often cause enlarged lymph nodes

The glands in the groin may increase in size after leeching. Hirudotherapy stimulates active blood flow to the area of ​​influence. A large volume of lymph passes through the glands, they are cleansed and can swell. Tissue hypertrophy should resolve on its own within 1 week.

Swollen lymph nodes in children- a common finding among pediatricians. At the age of 7–10 years, especially with a thin body structure, up to 3 groups of lymph nodes are normally palpable - in the neck, armpits and inguinal. An increase often occurs in response to the presence of infectious agents and the active functioning of the immune system. Immunity develops rapidly up to 5–12 years of age. At this age, the glands in the groin may become larger in response to scratches, scratching, abrasions on the legs and buttocks, colds, and dermatitis.

Which doctor should I contact?

The painful lymph node must be shown to the surgeon, who will decide on the opening if the process of suppuration has begun.

In the case of lymphadenopathy in an intimate place, the list of specialists is wider:

• therapist(for a child, a pediatrician) palpates, determines the size and structure of the nodes;
• infectious disease specialist– to clarify the infectious nature of the disease;
• allergist– if the pathology is caused by allergic reactions;
• gynecologist or urologist– if a hard lymph node is observed against the background of diseases of the genitourinary system;
• oncologist or hematologist– if lymphogranulomatosis or metastasis is suspected.

The therapist conducts an initial examination, then prescribes additional examinations

In childhood, lymphadenopathy can be observed within 2–4 weeks after the illness, provided that the child does not get sick again during this period. The norm is a gradual normalization of the size of the node (not disappearing completely, but decreasing to 1–1.5 cm), and the absence of progressive growth. If after such a time the size does not return to normal, diagnostics and identification of the cause are required.

Diagnostics

The basic stage of diagnosis is examination of the lymph node. Using palpation, its size, shape, adhesion to surrounding tissues and neighboring nodes, and structure are determined. Not only the inguinal glands are palpated, but also nearby ones - popliteal, elbow, axillary - to exclude generalized lymphadenopathy.

The patient then undergoes several examinations:

• blood test - the level of ESR, leukocytes confirms or excludes the presence of viral or bacterial inflammation, the level of eosinophils reveals allergic reactions;
• biochemical blood test for C-reactive protein– indicates possible lymphogranulomatosis or tumor metastasis;
• HIV test;
• Ultrasound - gives an idea of ​​the echogenicity of the nodes, their structure, and accurately determines the size.

An ultrasound in the groin is done to understand the echogenicity of the lymph nodes and their size

A targeted study of lymph node tissue is also used:

1. Puncture. Not the most informative method, used to make a preliminary diagnosis. He uses the aspiration method - after puncturing the skin and capsule of the node with a long needle, the syringe draws in a small volume of punctate. Then the biological material is sent for histological examination to identify cancer cells. Puncture is also used to detect mononucleosis, sarcoidosis, tuberculosis and dystrophic changes in the glands.
2. - the most informative method. It is performed in an open manner, the soft tissues are cut, the largest and oldest lymph node is completely excised and sent for examination, which reveals a malignant, infectious, bacterial or other reason for the enlargement of the node.

Biopsy is an informative method for analyzing lymph nodes

Additional methods for examining nodes in the pelvic area are x-rays to detect calcifications, microscopic examination, culture of punctate on nutrient media, general urine analysis if diseases of the genitourinary system are suspected.

Treatment of inguinal lymph nodes

The method of therapy is selected based on the cause of enlarged lymph nodes. For lymphadenitis - antibacterial agents, drugs to enhance immunity, absorbable ointments. For lymphadenopathy, treatment is aimed at eliminating the cause that caused the reactive enlargement of the node.

Medicines

For lymphadenitis, drugs that suppress inflammation, relieve pain, and antipyretic are used:

1. Penicillin antibiotics(more often in injections than in tablets) - Bicillin, Oxazzilin, Phenoxymethylpenicillin, Ticarcillin / clavulanate. They have a wide range of effects on gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms, spirochetes, streptococci and pneumococci, and anaerobes. Low toxicity for humans. A pregnant woman can be prescribed Emsef, Ceftriaxone (from the 2nd trimester).
2. Local agents– Levomekol, Vishnevsky ointment, ichthyol ointment. Used to apply bandages to the affected area of ​​skin.
3. Symptomatic drugs– painkillers, antipyretics, antispasmodics: No-Shpa, Ibuprofen, Nurofen, Spazmalgon.

Bicillin has a wide spectrum of action on anaerobes

Physiotherapeutic methods:

• electrophoresis with antibiotics;
• dry heat.

The use of warm compresses and absorbable agents for local application is carried out only after consultation with a doctor.

In the presence of purulent inflammation, such actions will lead to rupture of the capsule and leakage of pus into adjacent tissues.

Surgical intervention

Lymph nodes on the thighs are surgically removed in the following cases:

• to eliminate the purulent process in lymphangitis, adenophlegmon;
• to limit the process of metastasis when detecting metastases in the tissues of the node;
• regional lymph nodes are removed after radical surgery for cancer tumors to reduce the risk of metastasis.

Lymphadenectomy for diagnostic purposes - puncture and excisional biopsy.

Possible consequences and complications

A terrible complication of lymphadenitis is phlegmon. The spillage of pus leads to acute inflammation of the cellular spaces of the fatty tissue. Purulent phlegmon causes tissue necrosis, forming ulcers, cavities, and can spread to bone tissue. If left untreated, it causes death.

Phlegnoma is a form of complication of lymphadenitis

The risk also increases:

• sepsis;
• osteomyelitis;
• encephalitis;
• skin abscess;
• thrombophlebitis;
• elephant limbs.

Long-term progressive enlargement of the lymph node in rare cases is a sign of blood diseases - Hodgkin's lymphoma or non-Hodgkin's forms. In the first stages, there is often no pain, only as the disease progresses, massive conglomerates up to 5 cm in diameter are formed, and the mobility of the node disappears.

Prevention

1. Monitor the condition of the skin. Any scratches, microcracks, abrasions, weeping between the fingers due to fungal infections of the skin can provoke the spread of infection through the flow of lymph and blood throughout the body.
2. Treat open wounds. Use antiseptics for cuts and abrasions.
3. Treatment of inflammatory diseases– sore throat, rhinitis, sinusitis.
4. Stopping foci of infection– boils after opening, caries.
5. Identifying diseases that can cause lymphadenitis– STDs, tuberculosis.

Caries is a source of infection, so it can lead to inflammation of the lymph nodes in any area of ​​the body

If a ball is detected under the skin, doctors do not recommend touching it with your fingers, massaging it, or applying pressure. This will lead to an even greater increase, and in case of suppuration, to rupture of the capsule and the spread of pus into the soft tissues. Be careful!