The main question for modern Russia is what should be done so that the industry survives not only at the expense of inexpensive energy resources, but reaches a fundamentally new level of development.
Many believe that the Russian industry is in a deplorable situation: most factories are idle, some of the premises are rented out as warehouses for private companies, the industry is dominated by imports and foreign investment. There is an opinion that it is easier for the Russian Federation to be an exporter of extracted raw materials than to focus efforts on its own processing and production of products that now have to be purchased. Such statements are sometimes hysterical or become the subject of political speculation. What fate awaits modern industry, let's try to delve into the essence of the issue. And let's start with the most important of the industries - metallurgy.
The Russian Federation is the largest participant in the international metallurgy market . Today, Russia holds a stable place in the market for the production and sale of metals; it accounts for approximately 10% of the turnover of metal and metal structures in the world. Russia produces approximately 6% steel, 11% aluminium, 21% nickel and 27.7% titanium.
Employment, in spite of everything, in the Russian metallurgy increased one and a half times, profit from industrial production increased 6.5 times. And all these changes have taken place in the last fifteen years. In addition, in the period from 1993 to 2008, the share of exports of metallurgical products rose from 6% to 20%.
Ferrous metallurgy is naturally the basic industry in the macroeconomics of Russia . Focused primarily on global exports, it continues to keep the outlook for the future in a favorable direction. Demand for metal in the markets of South America and Southeast Asia is growing steadily. In Europe and North America, metallurgy is suffering from ever-increasing labor costs and environmental concerns around industrial plants. It is these circumstances that lead to the complete or partial liquidation of metallurgical plants. And Russian industry can take over the satisfaction of demand for metal.
A well-timed upgrade can pave the way for success. Russian enterprises are one of the few that have begun to carry out the process of modernization and increase production efficiency, which has made it possible to maintain a leading position in the metallurgy market. The result of these actions was the construction of vertical and horizontal links in the industry, an increase in the production of competitive products, a reduction in overhead costs, and a decrease in the level of environmental pollution.
The demand for domestic metallurgical products is not decreasing within Russia either. 2007 was a turning point when domestic demand exceeded world exports. Metallurgists have finally managed to diversify demand for their own products, reducing their dependence on world markets. Mechanical engineering and the fuel and energy complex are the main buyers of metal products.
Problems exist, but none of them are unsolvable . But, unfortunately, there are a number of problems in the metallurgical field that slow down its growth. The first problem is the energy consumption of production, which is at a high level in comparison with competitors. The second problem is the low expected volume of product sales at the established price level.
The rigid binding of technological processes to each other slows down the modernization of production processes. Modernization of technological links separately is a complex, costly, and ultimately unprofitable process. In addition, the managers of most enterprises prefer to live for today, without spending energy and money on modernization, in the absence of planned risks. Partial modernization takes place at enterprises where, due to secondary areas, it is possible not to significantly influence the receipt of income.
We single out the main negative trends: a high level of depreciation of production assets, a significant shortage of certain types of raw materials, the absence of a process for the reproduction of ore reserves carried out in Soviet times, a low level of labor productivity, increased costs of energy and material resources per unit of output, a low level of introduction of modern technologies at enterprises , lack of qualified personnel.
The depreciation of production assets also hinders the development of the metallurgical industry. Of course, it is impossible to say that production assets are not being updated, but the pace of renewal can be called catastrophically slow. In 2008, depreciation of fixed assets amounted to 43%, which has a detrimental effect on production. The solution to this problem looks very difficult, since the renewal of production equipment is a very costly affair. In addition, this will entail a temporary reduction in the volume of output, hence the loss of potential profits. Many of the managers are not ready to go for it, from which the entire metallurgical industry as a whole suffers.
Another problem that is approaching a catastrophic line is the technological backwardness of production. In 2011, more than 18% of steel produced was quenched in obsolete open-hearth furnaces, more than 30% of steel billets were produced on Soviet ingot rolling machines.
It turns out that only the low cost of raw materials and low costs of labor resources keeps the competitiveness of Russian metal products. But these advantages, which are very difficult to call reliable. The advantage may disappear if manufacturers from countries with cheaper labor enter the market, such as South Asia, Brazil or Africa.
And the structure of production itself is far from perfect. Only 7% is accounted for by metal products of high processing stages, the rest is metal products of intermediate and low processing stages. To put it simply, we export blanks and blanks, which the importing countries bring to products with a much higher added value.
Possible ways out of the current situation. In order to defend the leading positions in the global and domestic markets of the metallurgical industry, the process of restructuring production processes should not be shelved. But it will be impossible to follow this path until Russian entrepreneurs give up the pursuit of a long ruble and curb the desire to save on raw materials and decent wages.
The share of high value-added products should be significantly increased due to the deep processing of metal in Russia. It is necessary to eliminate intermediaries and establish productive links between suppliers of raw materials and ore and metallurgical enterprises, improve logistics and other important business processes.
Experts believe that by reaching the world average production standards, Russia will increase the return on the industry by at least one and a half times. Of course, it is not possible to achieve this only through the efforts of private business owners. The state must play a decisive role. The government needs to stimulate modernization with direct investment in production, as well as in the form of certain tax preferences. The authorities should calculate in advance the situation associated with the negative social consequences of modernization, so enterprises will no longer need significant labor resources.
In the future, additional efforts should be directed to exploration and development of deposits in Eastern Siberia and the Far East in order to create modern and competitive production facilities outside the European part of Russia.
The economic prospects for the development of non-ferrous metallurgy in the Russian Federation are assessed as favorable. Non-ferrous metallurgy is one of the most important industries in Russia. At present, the share of metallurgy in Russia's GDP is about 5%, and in industrial production - 18.3%, including non-ferrous metallurgy 2.8% and 10.2%, respectively. Moreover, the competitiveness of Russian enterprises in a number of sub-sectors of non-ferrous metallurgy is at the level of world leaders, for example, MMC Norilsk Nickel ranks first in nickel production, the Russian Aluminum United Company (the company is in the process of being created) is first in alumina production and aluminum, "VSMPO-Avisma" - the first place in the production of titanium. This was reported to Ukraine Daily by the press service of INFOLine news agency.
Analysts of IA "INFOLine" in the study "Non-ferrous metallurgy of the Russian Federation. 2006-2011" after analyzing the current state of Russian enterprises, prospects for the development of metallurgical capacities and development of deposits, major investment projects, etc., identified a number of factors characterizing the current state of the industry.
First, non-ferrous metallurgy is characterized by a high degree of concentration of production: up to 90% of output is accounted for by six holding companies.
Secondly, the enterprises of the industry are characterized by an orientation towards the export of products, which is due to the low consumption of non-ferrous metals, both in absolute and relative (per capita) terms in Russia. The balance of export - import of non-ferrous metallurgy products of Russia is steadily positive and in 2003-2006. shows an upward trend. In addition, due to the prevalence of low value-added products in exports: raw aluminum, refined copper, copper rod, nickel - which together account for more than 75% of exports, a significantly strong dependence of industry enterprises on world price dynamics is being formed.
Thirdly, non-ferrous metallurgy is the second largest sector of the Russian economy in terms of attracted foreign investment. According to INFOLine experts, the growth in foreign investment in non-ferrous metallurgy in 2006 was mainly due to the attraction of a loan by RUSAL for $2 billion and by SUAL Group for $600 million, which in turn indicates a high the level of financial stability of the largest metallurgical enterprises capable of attracting loans from foreign banks.
Fourthly, due to the limited explored reserves of ore raw materials and the increase in scrap exports, Russian non-ferrous metallurgy enterprises have moved from a strategy of modernizing metallurgical production capacities to an integrated or even outstripping development of mining capacities and expansion of the raw material base. According to the experts of IA "INFOLine", this is due to both the growth of world prices for metals and the change in the structure of income of non-ferrous metallurgy companies (growth in the share of income in the mining and enrichment segment), and the completion of the consolidation process.
Fifth, the first stage of the investment cycle (reconstruction of existing production facilities) has been completed and the second stage has begun, within which a number of large projects are being implemented and planned for the construction of metallurgical plants (aluminum, zinc, copper), as well as the development of new deposits. It should be noted that the construction of plants "from scratch" and a large-scale increase in production capacity in the course of reconstruction (by more than 30%) is a new trend in 2005-2006. in non-ferrous metallurgy, since in the 90s and 2000-2004. the volume of investments by Russian companies was relatively small and focused mainly on the modernization of existing enterprises and the solution of the most acute environmental problems.
On the whole, according to the analysts of IA "INFOLine", the prospects of the Russian non-ferrous metallurgy seem quite favorable. Thus, in 2007-2011, the production capacities of Russian metallurgical enterprises will increase significantly: for the production of alumina - by more than 30%, primary aluminum - by more than 25%, refined copper - by more than 35%, zinc - by more than 50%. At the same time, the level of capacity utilization of Russian metallurgical enterprises in 2007-2011. will remain at a level close to 100%, which is due to the high level of competitiveness of existing enterprises in the world market, as well as compliance with world standards of technical and technological characteristics of new production facilities and their provision with raw materials and electricity at competitive prices.
Reference: In December 2006, INFOLine conducted an initiative study "Non-Ferrous Metallurgy of Russia 2006-2011". The study includes a comprehensive analysis of the state and development prospects of Russian non-ferrous metallurgy enterprises, their role in the world metal market, a description of the largest investment projects and development strategies of Russian companies, a description of the state of the world non-ferrous metal markets, the dynamics of world prices in 2007-2011, and assessment of the role of financial investors in the world metal markets. When creating the study, materials from the best international research companies were used: Bloomberg, Standard Bank, Brook Hunt, CRU, Metal Bulletin, Man Financial, US Geological Survey, HSBC Holdings Plc, Abare, Dow Jones Indexes, London Metal Exchange, Metals Economics Group, Metals Place, Mineral Industry Surveys (MIS), Standard Bank Group, International Copper Study Group, Beijing Antaike Information, River Edge Non-ferrous, Macquarie Bank, European Aluminum Foil Association (EAFA), aluNET International, The International Aluminum Institute, Heinz H.
In the context of the formation and development of market relations, the Government of the Russian Federation developed the concept of corporatization and privatization of enterprises in the metallurgical industry, which put forward a number of important tasks as conditions for privatization:
1. Preservation of optimal technological links that allow efficient use of the production potential available in the metallurgical complex.
2. Creation and development of a competitive environment.
3. Attracting financial resources for the technical re-equipment of enterprises.
In the process of implementing these tasks, all enterprises of the metallurgical industry (regardless of the scale of production and the number of employees) should be classified as federal property and transformed into joint-stock companies as objects of federal property. The blocks of shares fixed in the ownership of the federal bodies will be used to pursue a unified state policy aimed at creating a balance in the market metallurgical complex, at stabilizing production and creating conditions for accelerated integration into the world economy.
Mandatory state regulation and direct participation of the state in the activities of the metallurgical industry is confirmed by the experience of developed industrial countries, where a third of the steel produced in these countries is produced by state-owned companies.
It is necessary to solve the problem of interaction between technologically interconnected enterprises, from mining to the fourth redistribution. Such interaction, corresponding to the nature of market relations, can be ensured by the creation of holding structures and the acquisition of shares by mutually interested enterprises, regardless of the share of federal property in their share capital.
Currently, various holding structures have been created and are being formed in the metallurgical complex of Russia. Thus, at the initiative of the Sverdlovsk region, the Uralaluminvest holding company was created, which combined the equity capital of the Ural aluminum, Polevsk cryolite, Kamensk-Ural metallurgical plants, the Mikhailovsky plant for the processing of non-ferrous metals, the Sevuralboksitrud association and the Uralgipromez institute. An investment holding company is created in agreement with the labor collectives of enterprises representing the full technological cycle of aluminum processing - from the extraction of raw materials to the production of final products of a high degree of processing (rolled metal, foil, consumer goods).
The Company will promote cooperation between enterprises to implement their agreed investment policy, generate profit and invest in these enterprises to maintain retired capacities, ensure the integrated use of raw materials, secondary resources and production waste, introduce resource-saving low-waste and waste-free technologies, reconstruct existing technological complexes, organize the production of products, competitiveness in the foreign market, improvement of working conditions and improvement of the environment in the areas where enterprises are located.
Another form of corporatization of metallurgical enterprises is the creation of interstate companies (ICs). At present, MCs are created in ferrous metallurgy, in the aluminum, titanium-magnesium and rare earth industries, as well as in the extraction of chromium and manganese ores and the production of ferroalloys.
The creation of interstate companies in the metallurgical industry should contribute to overcoming the crisis and provide the common domestic market with certain scarce types of metal products and reduce their import from third countries, as well as successfully compete in foreign markets for metal products.
The formation of interstate companies will help solve the problem of organizational and economic integration of enterprises and the restoration of economic ties, regardless of the form of ownership.
At present, on the basis of the joint use of iron ores and coking coals of Kazakhstan with the participation of Sokolovsko-Sarbaisky and Lisakovsky GOKs, PO Karaganda-ugol, JSC Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works and Karaganda Iron and Steel Works, a company has been created in the form of a consortium for the joint development of the coal and iron ore base with coverage of financial investments through the export of additional metal products.
Cartel-type companies are possible for the production and trade in certain types of metal products of enterprises belonging to the cartel.
Thus, the creation of holding and interstate companies of various types is one of the real directions for the stabilization and development of the Russian metallurgical complex.
The Committee of the Russian Federation for Metallurgy developed proposals for the development of the raw material base of ferrous metallurgy for the period 1993-2000. and the Federal program "Development of the ore base of non-ferrous metallurgy". They provide for the technical re-equipment of existing mining enterprises, the construction of facilities for the opening and preparation of new sites to maintain the capacity of existing enterprises, the completion of the construction of previously started facilities based on the possibilities of their actual implementation.
However, the chronic lack of capital investments, the constant undersupply of modern mining, transport, processing and metallurgical equipment, the absence of many of its types in Russia exacerbate the problem of reconstruction, technical re-equipment and modernization of metallurgical production. Currently, the metallurgical complex is in a difficult technical condition: production assets are worn out by 40-50%, and in some cases by 70%. At the same time, the branches of the metallurgical complex provide the national economy with structural materials by 92%.
Given the current conditions of market relations, mining enterprises will be able to provide financing for capital construction from their own funds at the level of 50-65%. The remaining costs should be covered as a result of attracting funds from consumers, commercial structures, foreign investors, funds from the sectoral off-budget investment fund, and also partially from public funds. Scientists' calculations show that new capacities in metallurgy should be introduced in favor of converter production. Consequently, in the next 15-20 years, when decommissioning open-hearth furnaces and workshops, it is necessary to develop predominantly the oxygen-converter process. At the same time, it is advisable to introduce new capacities in the converter and electric steel-smelting industries at a ratio of approximately 4:1.
In the future, a more rapid development of the production of high-strength corrosion-resistant pipes for the country's fuel and energy complex (casing pipes, tubing pipes, drilling pipes, etc.) is envisaged, which will make it possible to reduce annual import purchases of pipes of various sizes.
It is planned to increase the production of cold-rolled sheets for the automotive industry and the production of consumer goods, equipment for storing agricultural products, civil engineering, and the electronics industry, which will reduce purchases from imports of cold-rolled sheets.
In the aluminum industry, it is necessary to reconstruct alumina production facilities with the installation of equipment of a large unit capacity.
To maintain and strengthen the ore base, the Russian Metallurgy Development Program for the period up to 2000-2005. provides for:
completion of construction of new facilities at Stoilensky GOK for the extraction of raw ore and the production of concentrate;
further construction of the Yakovlevsky mine;
reconstruction of Mikhailovsky, Lebedinsky. Kostomukshsky, Kovdorsky, Olenegorsky and Korshunovsky GOKs;
completion of construction of facilities for technical re-equipment of the Kachkanar GOK;
construction of a new enrichment plant for deep enrichment at the Sheregesh mine of NPO Sibruda;
construction of the Odinochnaya mine to maintain the capacity of the Krasnokamensk Mining Administration;
construction of the mine "Estyuninskaya-Novaya" to maintain the capacity of Vysokogorsky GOK;
building up ore mining capacities at the Tyrnyauz tungsten-molybdenum, Zhirekey mining and processing plants, at the Sorsk molybdenum plant;
construction of new mines and quarries (Sibaysky, Uzelchinsky, Uzalinsky, Rubtsovsky, Novo-Shirokinsky mines);
creation of a raw material base for the titanium industry in Russia through the commissioning of facilities for the extraction of ore and the production of titanium concentrate on the basis of the Tugan, Tarskoye and Tulunskoye deposits;
construction of ore base facilities at new deposits to ensure the required production volumes after 2000 (Gorevsky, Ozerny GOKs, enterprises based on the Pravourmiyskoye deposit, Bugdainsky and Bom-Gorkhansky mines).
The problem of supplying Ural aluminum enterprises with raw materials for the long term will be solved by developing Russia's largest Srednetimansky bauxite deposits.
One of the most acute problems at the present stage of development of the Russian metallurgical complex is the rational use of natural resources and environmental protection. In terms of the level of emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere and water bodies, the formation of solid waste, metallurgy surpasses all raw materials industries, creating a high environmental hazard in its production and increased social tension in the areas of operation of metallurgical enterprises.
Protecting the environment in the industries of the metallurgical complex requires huge costs. Sometimes it is more appropriate to use a process that is less polluting than to control (at a huge cost) the level of pollution using traditional technologies.
At present, the reduction of social tension in the areas of operation of metallurgical enterprises can be ensured primarily by reducing the environmental hazard, the introduction of environmentally friendly technologies and the creation of waste-free industries. A waste-free technological system is a combination of organizational and technical measures, technological processes and methods for preparing raw materials and materials that ensure the integrated use of raw materials and energy. The transition to low-waste and waste-free technology, the improvement of methods for the disposal of harmful substances, the integrated use of natural resources are the main directions for eliminating the harmful effects of metallurgical production on the state of the environment.
In the foreseeable future, there should be significant changes in the technical condition of the metallurgical complex, in the processes of nature management, which will largely solve many environmental problems. Only in non-ferrous metallurgy, for example, by the year 2000, the amount of harmful polluting emissions is expected to decrease by 12-15%, and the overwhelming majority of enterprises will achieve the maximum allowable emissions standards. The growth in the use of mining systems with backfilling of goaf in the areas of raw materials extraction by 20%, provided for by the program, will allow, along with the improvement of technical and economic indicators in the extraction of ores, to ensure the safety of the earth's surface in the mining allotment, significantly reduce the consumption of materials for fastening, including very expensive metals.
Huge reserves and opportunities for solving environmental problems lie in the complexity of processing raw materials, in the full use of useful components in its composition and in deposits.
The metallurgy of Russia, despite a significant decline in production, continues to occupy one of the leading places in the world in the production and export of metal products, second only to Japan, China and the United States. Russia's share in world steel production is 6.9%, and in the export of metal products - 10%. Since 1995, there has been a stabilization of production and even some growth.
The main goals of the long-term development of the metallurgical industry are to bring production capacities in line with the requirements of the global and domestic markets, both quantitatively and qualitatively, and to increase the competitiveness of metal production through the use of modern technologies, which will increase the demand for Russian metal, primarily by domestic market.
Despite the difficult crisis situation, metallurgy has proved its viability and the possibility of self-development. The decline in production forced the decommissioning of obsolete production facilities: 10 coke oven batteries, 51 open-hearth furnaces, 8 electric furnaces, 14 rolling machines. There is a process of complete abandonment of the open-hearth method of steel production as inefficient and environmentally hazardous and its replacement by the converter method. At the same time, new capacities were introduced using advanced technologies at a number of leading enterprises - in Nizhny Tagil, Magnitogorsk, Novokuznetsk, etc.
Currently privatized, i.e. became private, 75% of the country's metallurgical plants, and 20% were transformed into joint-stock companies and have state ownership in the authorized capital. Only 5% of enterprises have been fully owned by the state.
The developed Program for the development of the metallurgical industry until 2005 provides for the solution of many problems currently facing the industry.
The main sources of funding for the Program: 49% - own funds of enterprises, 30.6% - loans, 10% - loans, and only 5% are budget funds, federal and local.
Problems and prospects of non-ferrous metallurgy: 1.Problems: Depletion of deposits of copper, aluminum ores. Absence of large deposits of manganese, chromite, titanium and other ores. The production of ferrous metals in Russia has decreased by 50% since 1990. Poor quality of iron and steel (due to the fact that most of the plants operate on old equipment and old technologies). The high cost of Russian metal (prices are 20% -40% higher than world prices). One of the reasons for this is the monopoly of giant factories. Environmental problem (metallurgy is a dirty industry). 2. prospects: Development of the Far East metallurgical base (for example, the Neryungri plant project) Application of new ore mining technologies that allow less environmental pollution. Geo- and biotechnologies for ore mining have been developed, which make it possible to preserve landscapes. One of the promising areas in metallurgy (especially in ferrous metallurgy) is the creation of automated mini-factories that work on scrap metal and pollute the environment less. The use of recyclable materials (scrap metal), the remelting of which is effective. So, when melting 1 ton of scrap metal, 4 tons of iron ore and 530 tons of copper ore are saved. Atmospheric pollution is reduced by 7 times, the amount of waste will decrease by 16 times.
slide 13 from the presentation "Metallurgical complex". The size of the archive with the presentation is 252 KB.Geography Grade 9
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"Electric power industry of Russia" - Geothermal power plants. Nuclear power plants. Thermal power plants. Why mankind is looking for non-traditional energy sources. Hydroelectric power plants. placement factors. Fuel and energy complex. Significance, role and composition of the Russian electric power industry. ES type. Power industry. Mutnovskaya GeoPP. Give a description of thermal power plants, hydroelectric power plants and nuclear power plants. Tidal power plants. Arrange information in the form of a table.
Sophia Cathedral in Kyiv - Sophia Cathedral in Kyiv. Sophia of Kyiv became the main temple of the country. Sofia was repeatedly burned, rebuilt. Mosaics originally occupied a huge area. Hagia Sophia (Sophia Cathedral) - a temple built in the XI century. The mosaics and frescoes of St. Sophia Cathedral were created in the middle of the 11th century. Mosaic of Our Lady of Oranta. St. Sophia Cathedral was founded in 1037 by Prince Yaroslav the Wise. The mosaics of the main altar and the main dome are a masterpiece of art.
"History of St. Petersburg" - The thickness of the ice shell reached more than 1 km. The era of the great glaciation lasted several tens of thousands of years. The greatest problems in St. Petersburg arose due to floods. Near Nien, the Vyborg road began - the only land connection with the metropolis. 1917 was the beginning of the revolution. The name was chosen by Peter I in honor of the holy apostle Peter. The date of the foundation of the fortress is considered to be the official date of birth of the city.
"Economy of the Central Region of Russia" - Geographical and economic regions of Russia. Way of landing at the computer. Composition of engineering products. Describe the economy. A computer. Economy of the Central region. Computer malfunctions. Industrial model of the economy. Computer work. Do not touch the monitor screen. Work on individual cards. The composition of the services provided in the Central region. Be careful.
"Sights of St. Petersburg" - Monument to A.S. Pushkin. One of the most popular attractions in St. Petersburg. Egyptian bridge. One of the most famous Russian museums in the world. The second Arctic icebreaker built in our country. In 1991 services were resumed, in 2000 the cathedral received the status of a cathedral. Mikhailovsky (Engineering) castle. It is considered the oldest stone bridge in St. Petersburg. Hermitage Museum". From the colonnade of the cathedral offers a wonderful view of the city.
Ferrous metallurgy: development priorities
The priority direction in the modernization of the ferrous metallurgy industry is the production of high quality products. It is significantly inferior to enterprises.
Over the past ten years there has been a significant depreciation of fixed assets. This resulted in:
Rising costs for materials, fuel and energy resources;
decrease in labor efficiency;
production of products with deterioration in quality;
the rapid cost of repairs, the costs exceed the volume of all investments in the renewal and modernization of equipment.
It is possible to improve the quality level of manufacturing products by:
1) implementations:
environmentally friendly and more efficient modern production technologies;
production without using a domain;
methods of purification of oxidized ferruginous quartzites;
converter oxygen method instead of the inefficient open-hearth method;
2) improvements:
the structure of the rolled products output, through the growth of the output of cold-rolled sheets;
rolled products with more stable heat treatment;
high-precision rolled profiles and fittings;
technologies for manufacturing special high quality pipes;
technologies for obtaining metal powders and the production of products from them and other methods and technologies.
In the future, the leading role will be assigned to the production of high-strength pipes for oil and gas networks, including for the formation of the structure of offshore highways.
An important task of modernizing the industry is the formation of a market system. It is also necessary to reform the form of ownership of enterprises in all sectors of the economy of the Urals, to give impetus to investment in the development of industrial enterprises and to promote the formation of small and medium-sized businesses and their subsequent development.
The formation of market relations, their subsequent development prompted the development of the concept. Its essence lies in the privatization and corporatization of all industrial enterprises of metallurgy. The document developed by the Russian Committee for Metallurgy sets out a number of important tasks:
1) efficient use of production potential in the metallurgical industry through a moderate reduction in technological ties;
2) creation of an environment of healthy competition and its subsequent development;
3) attracting investments for the technical modernization of metallurgical enterprises.
In the course of the implementation of the tasks set, industrial enterprises of a metallurgical orientation should become federal property, regardless of production volumes and the number of employees. The set of shares owned by the state will be used to develop a systemic policy of the state to form the coherence of the metallurgy market, as well as to support the production of metallurgy and create the necessary conditions for entering the world economy.
The mandatory participation of the state in the regulation and activities of the metallurgical industry is based on world practice. In the world's developed countries, almost a third of all manufacturing metallurgical products are manufactured at enterprises owned by the state.
Metal is the fundamental material for creating various designs. To ensure the successful development of most economic sectors, it is necessary to create conditions for the growth of the metallurgical industry. In this regard, it is the basic economic sector and is characterized by a high consumption of capital and production materials.
Metal structures are used in the country's engineering industry and account for more than 90% of the volume of all black and steel products. The volume of transportation of metallurgical products is more than 35% of the total volume of cargo deliveries in the country. The need of the metallurgical industry for fuel is 14%, and electricity - 16%.
The success of the development of the metallurgical industry directly affects the process of scientific and technical development in other areas of the economy. Russian ferrous metallurgy products are of high quality and competitive on the international market. from is not inferior to products from Europe, as well as the USA and Japan.
For the successful functioning of the production of ferrous metallurgy, the country has all the resources necessary for this: labor, fuel and material. The industry has the necessary production apparatus, scientific and technical potential. should take a leading priority place in the policy implemented in the country in the field of industry. The industry should be given importance at the level of state interests and national security. Therefore, the share of foreign metal producers in the Russian production market should be minimal. The ferrous metal industry ensures the security of the entire economy of the country. In this regard, a program for the modernization of metallurgy at the state level is required. The priority direction of the program should be the problem of increasing the competitiveness of metal products.
Promising directions for the modernization of the metallurgical industry are as follows:
Improvement and development of domestic engineering, including metallurgical;
an increase in capital investments in the technological restructuring of ferrous metallurgy;
growth in labor productivity;
profitability of production, its competitiveness;
improving the quality of products and increasing value-added exports.
These strategic directions correspond to the interests of the country's economy.
Promising directions for the modernization of enterprises in the country are due to technical re-equipment and the introduction of modern technologies. A new vector in the development of the ferrous metal industry is the creation of electrometallurgical plants. They will specialize in the production of steel obtained from metallized pellets. will be produced according to the technology. This will allow achieving high technical and economic indicators, in contrast to the traditional method of metal production. The main point of growth in the ferrous metallurgy is the production of efficient high quality products.
This achievement is possible due to:
The growth of the raw material basis in advance, the increase in the availability of iron, chromium, the development of new technologies for the purification of oxidized quartzites from iron;
modernization of the structure of the production of rolled products through an increase in the production of cold-rolled sheets and with heat-strengthening treatment, shaped and high-precision profiles, economical pipes of a special type made of steel, including multilayer pipes for gas pipelines;
the use of efficient technologies, such as direct iron reduction method, advancement, steel processing outside the furnace and special remelting, in a continuous process;
expanding the use of metal and scrap metal.
The growth in rolled products will be achieved through the use of technologies that ensure a drop in resource intensity without increasing production. It is planned to modernize the structure of metal products by producing low-alloy steel, as well as with heat-strengthening treatment. In addition, the production of steel pipes for oil and gas pipelines will be expanded.
One of the most important tasks for the future is to fix the desired proportions between the stages of obtaining and processing metal for each metallurgical enterprise. Given the use of combined production, there are differences in the areas for the production of steel and iron. The enterprises of the full run of the Urals significantly exceed the smelting of metal, in contrast to other territories that produce ferrous metals.
At the same time, despite the implementation of the process of adaptation of the metallurgical industry to the conditions of market relations, its technical and technological levels are in an unsatisfactory state. Many types of metal products are still not competitive in the metallurgy market.
