The concept of "disability" (is understood as "permanent or prolonged, significant limitation of the ability to work, due to various diseases or injuries" .

Disability is a biological, social, medical and legal concept.

Older disabled people in our society are one of the most unprotected categories of the population, despite the fact that the state is taking serious measures to organize a system of their social protection. Many of them are lonely, many are in financial distress, many are in need of care.

In each country, disabled citizens are the subject (object) of concern of the state, which puts social policy at the forefront of its activities. The main concern of the state in relation to the elderly and the disabled is material support (allowances, benefits, etc.). However, disabled citizens need not only material support. An important role is played by the provision of effective physical, psychological, organizational and other assistance to them.

The problems of social adaptation and support for the disabled and the elderly continue to be relevant and require new approaches to their solution.

A change in the social status of a person in old age and a disabled person, associated with the termination or restriction of labor and social activities, the transformation of value orientations, lifestyle and communication, the emergence of difficulties in social and psychological adaptation to new conditions, gives rise to serious social problems.

The most acute problem is the restriction of the life of the elderly, the disabled. In solving this problem, the improvement of social rehabilitation and social assistance to the elderly and disabled is of paramount importance. Therefore, social services play a significant role in the system of social protection of elderly people with disabilities today, since it is aimed at meeting their basic needs.

The organization of social services for the elderly is given more and more importance in our country every year.

The system of social services covers a wide range of services: medical assistance, maintenance and care in boarding schools, home assistance to those in need of care, housing and communal services, leisure activities, etc. An integral element of social services is the provision of social assistance at home the elderly and the disabled.

The problems of social services for the elderly are currently the focus of many social institutions, social and research programs aimed at ensuring an acceptable standard of living for the elderly and the disabled.

The problem of social assistance to the elderly and disabled is of national importance. This is evidenced by the attention of the legislator to this problem.

The system of social services for the elderly and disabled in the Russian Federation is based on the Federal Law of the Russian Federation dated December 10, 1995 No. 195-FZ "On the Fundamentals of Social Services for the Population in the Russian Federation" (as amended on August 22, 2004 N 122-FZ) and the Federal Law of August 2, 1995 N 122-FZ "On social services for the elderly and disabled" (as amended on January 10, 2003 N 15-FZ).

The problem of meeting the basic needs of the elderly and the disabled, improving their quality of life is a problem of society as a whole, and its solution contributes to the successful spiritual and moral development of society and the state.

The Russian state, developing and adopting relevant legislative acts, harmonizes them with the initial positions of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), the "Universal Declaration of Human Rights" (adopted by the UN General Assembly on December 10, 1948), the Final Act of the Helsinki Conference (1975), the European Social charter adopted in 1961. and amended in 1996 by the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, adopted by General Assembly resolution 61/106 of December 13, 2006.

The fundamental documents in the system of the legal framework of social work with the disabled and the elderly are the Constitution of the Russian Federation and federal laws.

In Art. 7 of the Constitution, the Russian Federation is proclaimed a social state whose policy is aimed at creating conditions that ensure a decent life and free development of a person.

Based on the Federal Law of the Russian Federation of December 10, 1995 No. 195-FZ "On the Basics of Social Services for the Population in the Russian Federation" (as amended on August 22, 2004 N 122-FZ) and Federal Law of August 2, 1995 N 122- Federal Law "On Social Services for Elderly Citizens and the Disabled" (as amended on January 10, 2003 N 15-FZ), a system of social services is developing in our country.

These laws establish legal regulation in the field of social services for the population, including the elderly and the disabled.

The Law "On the Fundamentals of Social Services for the Population in the Russian Federation" gives the basic concepts used in the field of social services, defines the systems of social services (state, municipal and other forms of ownership), specifies the principles on which the provision of social services is based (targeting, accessibility, voluntariness, humanity, confidentiality, preventive orientation, priority of providing social services to minors in difficult life situations). Article 6 of the Law is devoted to the issues of compliance of social services with state standards that establish the basic requirements for the volume and quality of social services, the procedure and conditions for their provision.

The Law names the rights of family members to social services and various social services, both at home and in social service institutions; issues of organizing social services, a list of social service institutions and the procedure for their creation, activities, reorganization and liquidation, the procedure for their financial support, the powers of federal state authorities, state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the field of social services.

Social services for the elderly and disabled are regulated by the Federal Law "On Social Services for Elderly Citizens and Disabled People". The preamble of the law states that social services are one of the areas of activity for the social protection of the population, establishes economic, social and legal guarantees for elderly citizens and the disabled, based on the need to establish the principles of philanthropy and mercy.

Of great importance for solving the problems of the elderly and disabled are the decrees of the President of the Russian Federation: "On measures to create an accessible living environment for the disabled" Decree of the President of the Russian Federation On measures to create an accessible living environment for the disabled No. 1474); "On Additional Measures of State Support for the Disabled" (October 1992); "On the scientific and information support of disability and disabled people" (July 1992) and a number of resolutions of the Government of the Russian Federation: "On the federal list of state-guaranteed social services provided to elderly citizens and disabled people by state and municipal social service institutions"; "On the Procedure and Terms of Payment for Social Services Provided to Elderly Citizens and Disabled Persons by State and Municipal Institutions of Social Services" (April 15, 1996); "On the development of the federal target program "Older Generation" (July 18, 1996).

The Department for Elderly and Disabled Citizens of the Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation prepared a number of regulations on the creation and organization of the work of institutions of stationary and non-stationary social services, including resolutions of the Ministry of Labor of Russia:

• - October 29, 1998 No. 44 "On recommendations for the creation and organization of the activities of boards of trustees (public) councils in the establishment of social protection of the population";
• - dated June 27, 1999 No. 28 "On Approval of the Exemplary Charter of the State (Municipal) Institution "Social and Health Center for Elderly and Disabled Citizens";
• - July 27, 1999 No. 29(31), "On Approval of the Exemplary Charter of a State (Municipal) Institution", "Integrated Center for Social Services to the Population".

A lot of work is being carried out within the framework of the federal target program "Older Generation" Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of January 29, 2002 N 70

"About the federal target program "Older generation"". The "Older Generation" program should promote social support for the elderly, help create favorable conditions for the realization of their rights and full participation in the economic, social, cultural and spiritual life of the country. The program provides measures for a comprehensive solution of issues, taking into account age characteristics, the state of health of all categories and groups of pensioners.

Thus, the state attaches great importance to the issues of social protection of the elderly and disabled: a mechanism has been established for the provision of social services to the elderly and elderly with disabilities, and specific technologies for social work with the elderly and elderly with disabilities have been developed.

Disability as a medical and social problem.

Disability indicators, being an important medical and social criterion of public health, characterize the level of socio-economic development of society, the ecological state of the territory, and the quality of preventive measures.

The word "invalid" comes from the Latin invalidus - weak, infirm. A disabled person is considered to be a person who has a health disorder with a persistent disorder of body functions due to diseases, the consequences of injuries or defects, leading to a limitation of life and causing the need for social protection.

Disability is understood as social insufficiency due to a health disorder with a persistent disorder of body functions, leading to a limitation of life and causing the need for its social protection. Thus, disability is a social insufficiency. Social insufficiency is the social consequences of a violation of health, leading to a limitation of life, the inability (in whole or in part) to fulfill a role that is usual for a person in social life and necessitates social protection.

The cause of disability is a health disorder with a persistent disorder of body functions, i.e. a violation of physical, mental and social well-being due to a loss, disorder, anomaly in the physical, mental or anatomical structure or function of the human body. The degree of impairment of body functions is characterized by various indicators and depends on the type of functional disorders, methods for their determination, the ability to measure and evaluate results. The following violations of the functions of the body are distinguished:

• 1. violations of higher mental functions (mental disorders, other psychological disorders, speech, language disorders);
• 2. disorders of the sense organs (visual disorders, auditory and vestibular disorders, disorders of smell, touch);
• 3. movement disorders;
• 4. visceral and metabolic disorders, eating disorders;
• 5. disfiguring disorders;
• 6. Violations related to general causes. On the basis of a comprehensive assessment of various parameters, taking into account their qualitative and quantitative values, three degrees of violations of body functions are distinguished:
• 1st degree - slightly pronounced dysfunction;
• 2nd degree - moderately pronounced dysfunction;
• 3rd degree - pronounced and significantly pronounced dysfunction.

As follows from the definition, disability leads to a limitation of life, i.e. to the complete or partial loss of the ability or ability of a person to carry out self-service, move independently, navigate, communicate, control their behavior, learn and engage in work. Thus, the main criteria of life activity that limits disability are:

• 1. the ability to self-service, i.e. the ability to cope with basic physiological needs, to use common household items;
• 2. the ability to move, i.e. the ability to walk, run, move, overcome obstacles, control the position of the body;
• 3. the ability to learn, i.e. the ability to perceive and reproduce knowledge (general educational, professional, etc.), mastering skills (social, cultural and household);
• 4. ability to work, i.e. the ability to carry out labor activity in a manner or within the limits considered normal for a person, as well as corresponding to the requirements for the content, volume and conditions of the profession;
• 5. the ability to orientate, i.e. the ability to independently navigate in the environment through vision, hearing, smell, touch, thinking and adequately assess the situation with the help of intellect;
• 6. ability to communicate, ie. the ability to establish and develop contacts between people due to the perception, understanding of another person, the possibility of exchanging information;
• 7. the ability to control one's behavior, i.e. the ability to feel and behave correctly in everyday situations.

Depending on the degree of deviation from the norm of human activity due to a violation of health, the degree of limitation of life is determined. In turn, depending on the degree of limitation of life activity and the degree of impairment of body functions, a person recognized as a disabled person is assigned the degree of disability.

There are three groups of disability in the Russian Federation. Citizens who have completely lost the ability for regular professional work under normal conditions and who need constant outside care (assistance, supervision) are assigned a disability of group I. Group II is established in the event of a permanent or prolonged disability without the need for outside care. The reason for determining the third group of disability is the loss of the ability to professional work. Usually it is established with a significant decrease in the ability to work, which occurred as a result of violations of body functions caused by chronic diseases or anatomical defects. This group of disability is established, in particular, if it is necessary to transfer an employee for health reasons to another, easier job that requires less stress and, as a rule, is not as highly qualified as before. With certain anatomical defects, the corresponding disability group is established regardless of the nature of the work performed. Taking into account the severity (degree) of disability, the amount of the pension, the volume of other types of provision and services are determined.

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 20, 2006 N 95 (as amended on August 6, 2015) "On the procedure and conditions for recognizing a person as disabled" (as amended and supplemented, entered into force on January 1, 2016) is possible only during medical and social expertise, which is carried out by special institutions of the Bureau of Medical and Social Expertise. The Bureau of Medical and Social Expertise is part of the State Service for Medical and Social Expertise, which operates in the system of social protection bodies of the Russian Federation.

Medical and social expertise is the determination of the needs of the person being examined for social protection measures, including rehabilitation, based on an assessment of disability caused by a persistent disorder of body function.

Medical and social expertise is carried out on the basis of a comprehensive assessment of the state of the body based on an analysis of clinical, functional, social, professional, labor and psychological data of the persons being examined. The state service of medical and social expertise is entrusted with:

• 1. determination of the disability group, its causes, timing, time of onset of disability, the need of a disabled person for various types of social protection;
• 2. development of individual programs for the rehabilitation of disabled people;
• 3. study of the level and causes of disability in the population;
• 4. participation in the development of comprehensive programs for the prevention of disability, medical and social rehabilitation and social protection of the disabled;
• 5. determination of the degree of loss of professional capacity for work of persons who have received an industrial injury or occupational disease;
• 6. determination of the cause of death of a disabled person in cases where the legislation of the Russian Federation provides for the provision of benefits to the family of the deceased.

In the Russian Federation, over 10 million people with disabilities are registered with the social protection authorities. Every year, over 1 million people are recognized as disabled for the first time.

An analysis of the epidemiology of disability shows that in 2010, 1,199,761 people were recognized as disabled for the first time in the country, or 82.8 per 10,000 population. Compared with 1985, this figure has increased 1.7 times (1985 - 50.0). This is due to both objective reasons - the deterioration of the health status of the population, and subjective reasons - a change in the approach to assessing disability. At the same time, in recent years, both the absolute and relative number of persons recognized as disabled for the first time has been declining.

The main cause leading to disability in adults is a general disease - 86% of cases, followed by injuries or illnesses of military personnel - 7.6%, congenital anomalies or diseases that occurred in childhood - 4.4%, labor injuries or occupational diseases - 2, 0%. In rural areas, the proportion of general diseases as a cause of disability is somewhat lower (79.8%) and the proportion of disabled military personnel (10.3%) and disabled since childhood (7.2%) is higher.

Most often, disability group II is determined (70.6% of cases), then III (15.1% of cases), and disability group I is established in 14.3% of cases. In working age in urban areas, the structure of primary disability is somewhat different: group I - 9.5% of cases, II - 62.6%, III - 27.9% of cases. Close to this is the structure of disability by groups among rural residents, especially those of working age.

In the structure of primary disability, diseases of the circulatory system (43.3%) take the first place by a wide margin, followed by malignant neoplasms (12.7%), the consequences of injuries, poisoning and other external influences (6.5%), mental disorders and disorders behavior (6.2%).

Among the disabled, elderly and old people predominate, since the aging process is closely related to the constant increase in the number of patients suffering from various diseases, including those inherent only in the elderly and senile age.

There is a constant increase in the number of elderly seriously ill people who need long-term medication, care and care. The Polish gerontologist E. Piotrovsky believes that among the population over the age of 65, about 33% are people with low functional capabilities; disabled; aged 80 years and older - 64%. V.V. Egorov writes that the incidence rate increases with age. At the age of 60 and older, it exceeds the incidence rates of persons younger than 40 years by 1.7 - 2 times. According to epidemiological studies, approximately 1/5 of the elderly population is practically healthy, the rest suffer from various diseases, and multimorbidity is characteristic, i.e. a combination of several diseases that are chronic in nature, poorly responding to drug treatment. So, at the age of 50-59 years, 36% of people have 2-3 diseases, at 60-69 years old, 4-5 diseases are found in 40.2%, and at the age of 75 years and older, 65.9% have more than 5 diseases.

Disability is a social phenomenon that no society can avoid, and each state, in accordance with its level of development, priorities and opportunities, forms a social and economic policy for persons with disabilities. However, society's ability to combat disability as a social evil is ultimately determined not only by the degree of understanding of the problem itself, but also by the existing economic resources. Of course, the scale of disability depends on many factors, such as: the state of health of the nation, the development of the healthcare system, socio-economic development, the state of the ecological environment, historical and political reasons, in particular, participation in wars and military conflicts, etc. In Russia all of these factors have a pronounced negative trend, which predetermines a significant spread of disability in society. The situation is aggravated by the fact that people with disabilities in our country are one of the most vulnerable categories of the population, despite the fact that the state is taking serious measures to organize a system of their social protection.

This is especially true for older people with disabilities. Many of them are lonely, many are in financial distress, many are in need of care.

Thus, disability in Russia today is an important medical and social problem. The state of disability indicates a critical level of public health.

The right to social services is an objective necessity for those citizens who need social services, who find themselves in a difficult life situation. A fairly large number of people live in Russia who, for various reasons, cannot serve themselves and are limited in their livelihoods.

Statistics report that the health of citizens is deteriorating, there are many aging and disabled people, there is unemployment and low-income population.

The problem of population aging is not only for the Russian Federation, but also for a significant number of countries in the world. One of the trends observed in recent decades in the developed world is the growth in the absolute number and relative proportion of older people in the population.

Therefore, the state is obliged to assume obligations in order to contribute to the preservation and extension of the full life of every person, to recognize its debt to him and to support his social, labor, educational and creative activity. To implement the full-scale functions of social assistance, support and social security, the Russian Federation has a system of social protection.

Unfortunately, at the moment in Russia the quality and level of social services are not in the best condition. The issues of the implementation of state policy in the social sphere have now acquired particular relevance. The transition to a socially oriented policy requires the creation of an effective and developed system for providing social protection to the population. Therefore, social policy is primarily focused on the problems of social security and services for the elderly, support for the disabled and families with children. As noted, in our country there is a “trend towards an increase in the number of elderly and disabled people in the population. This is accompanied by a deterioration in their health and limitations in self-care. The need for various types of rehabilitation services is experienced by 80% of disabled elderly and disabled people. More than 30% are in need of constant assistance and social and medical services.” In the process of aging of the human body, a person has a risk of acquiring chronic diseases; at any time, medical, rehabilitation assistance, or the care of another person may be needed. Older people often have problems not only in the medical field, but also psychological disorders and problems of a social nature. Social problems are associated, as a rule, with a low and even extremely low material standard of living, the inability to buy all the necessary (often expensive) medicines and medical equipment, apply for paid medical care, etc. And the benefits and benefits provided by the state cannot solve all the material problems of such old needy people. Psychological problems mainly appear due to the fact that older people who have retired and stopped working begin to experience a lack of communication and a feeling of loneliness, uselessness. The need for outsiders, including medical care, is several times higher for the elderly than for people of working age. Being alone at home, older people are not always able to cope with health problems on their own. Elderly patients need long-term maintenance therapy and outside care, medical and social assistance. If we talk about medical and social assistance, then it is a set of measures of a medical, social, psychological, pedagogical, rehabilitation and legal nature, carried out at the state and regional levels and is aimed at meeting the basic needs of a socially vulnerable category of citizens (elderly citizens, as well as people with disabilities). This assistance is provided by stationary institutions, both in the health sector and in the sphere of social services for citizens. It aims to provide therapeutic interventions and care in order to restore and maintain health and self-care abilities. In addition to state institutions and organizations, there are also commercial, paid institutions (private boarding houses) for the elderly and disabled people who are in need of medical and social services. Both in public and private organizations that provide medical and social services to needy citizens, all services provided should be aimed at meeting a wide range of needs of their patients: comfortable accommodation, good nutrition, professional medical care, health and rehabilitation procedures, psychological support. But not all institutions have sufficient capacity to meet the needs of all applicants for medical and social assistance.

After all, the continued growth of the elderly population increases the burden on the health and social services, but the lack of funds leads to problems in providing medical and social assistance to the elderly and disabled

There is an inextricable link between the quality of medical services and the level of social services. Both organizations providing social services and their employees should in every possible way contribute to the improvement of medical care, medical and social assistance, and for this, carry out various activities aimed at the proper functioning of these social organizations.

There are negative phenomena occurring in the field of social services: a decrease in the dynamics of development of social service institutions; low quality of the current state of this sector; unsatisfactory socio-economic situation of social workers; insufficient financial, logistical, personnel and information support for the activities of social service institutions. As already mentioned, among the serious reasons why the goal of rehabilitation of the disabled and other people who need it is not always achieved, there are problems of lack of professionalism in the work of medical staff, the lack of development of rehabilitation techniques, and so on. Therefore, for successful rehabilitation, it is necessary to take into account a complex of medical, socio-psychological, professional aspects, as well as the personal characteristics of patients. Also, one of the solutions to the problems of the organization and activities of stationary social services for the rehabilitation of the disabled is the optimization of the structure of institutions, the reconstruction of existing buildings and the construction of new buildings.

It is necessary to expand new promising types of social service institutions: boarding houses of small capacity for elderly citizens and the disabled.

Reforming the system of social services for the population should be aimed at taking measures to overcome the shortage of places in stationary social institutions by moving these institutions from environmentally unfavorable areas and creating acceptable living conditions in them.

Thus, providing affordable medical care for the elderly and disabled is impossible without creating an extensive system of specialized rehabilitation institutions. And social programs at all levels remain an effective tool for responding to the problems of the elderly population.

So, the state of the social service system is influenced by a combination of various factors. One of the most important reasons is economic. The economic factor is expressed in the lack of funding, sponsoring the social service sector. This, in turn, affects the effectiveness of the provision of social services to the population, leads to the inaccessibility of social services for some categories of citizens. Due to the shortage of funds allocated to this area, there is an outflow of labor, often highly professional, personnel - social workers who provide relevant services.

The equipment and technical equipment of many social service organizations and institutions is also in decline.

One of the important impetuses to change the existing social tension and social reality will be the development and functioning of the system of non-state social services, support and strengthening of the role of trade unions, public funds, charitable organizations, etc.

• STATE STANDARD OF SOCIAL SERVICES FOR THE POPULATION
• SOCIAL SERVICES FOR THE POPULATION
• BASIC LAWS IN THE FIELD OF STANDARDIZATION

• State regulation of rational use of water resources
• To the question of the legal foundations of state environmental supervision
• Legal regulation of rational use of water resources
• The role of the police in protecting the rights and freedoms of man and citizen
• Regulatory documents of the municipal department of social services for the population

Social protection of the population at present, taking into account the difficult socio-economic situation, has become one of the most important tasks of state authorities and local self-government. The main activity of these bodies to ensure and create conditions for a decent life for an individual is aimed primarily at poorly protected groups of the population, which include primarily pensioners, the disabled, families with children.

The current system of social services for the population is currently facing a variety of problems. In particular, certain types of assistance exist in fragments, various subsystems of social protection for representatives of different social groups are isolated, there are no clear rules for interaction and distribution of functions between ministries and extrabudgetary funds; social protection authorities have to serve an increasing number of people in need in the face of a decrease in the amount of resources to support them, etc.

Reforms taking place at the end of the 20th - beginning of the 21st centuries. in Russia, entailed a significant increase in the role of regions and municipalities in the implementation of the social policy of the state, in particular, in the field of social services for the population. As a result of the ongoing reforms, there was a distinction between such areas of social protection as social support and social services for the population, implemented both at the federal, and at the regional and municipal levels.

Social services, having become an integral part of the state system of social protection of the population, have essentially turned into a social institution, that is, a stable set of social services, regulations, rules, technologies, methods, attitudes that reflect the social needs of various categories of the population and affect various areas of activity in RF.

Transformations in social services have led to changes in the patterns of behavior, psychology and thinking of social workers, to the development of a system of higher and professional educational institutions that train specialists for social service institutions.

Despite the fact that the concept of "social service" is widely used in the practical life of our society, and has recently become the object of research conducted in the framework of social work, sociology, social work, its theoretical justification is practically absent.

In Russia, special emphasis was placed on the development of the legal aspect of social services. But without a theoretical substantiation of the essence and structure of the process of social service, difficulties arise, first of all, in assessing the effectiveness of social service, in choosing an adequate model that ensures the implementation of the basic principles and directions of the social policy of the state, determining the standards and norms of professional activity of social work specialists, etc. .d.

In the 1990s there is a need to standardize the service sector, which was caused by various reasons: firstly, the growing role of services in human life, expanding the range of services; in particular, new services appear, such as: insurance, financial, tax, lending, social, etc. Secondly, the need to control the quality of services in order to identify factors that can harm the physical, mental, spiritual and social forces of a person, and also the environment. At the state level, standardization has been recognized since the middle of the 20th century. The main laws in the field of standardization of services in the Russian Federation were adopted in the early 90s. XX century, among them: federal laws "On the protection of consumer rights" (1992); "On Standardization" (1993); "On Ensuring the Uniformity of Measurements" (1993); "On certification of products and services" (1993).

The requirements that were contained in state standards before July 1, 2003 were aimed at ensuring the safety of services for the environment, life, health and property of citizens, technical and information compatibility, interchangeability of services, uniformity of methods for their control, as well as other requirements established by by the legislation of the Russian Federation, were obligatory for observance by state governing bodies, subjects of economic activity. Compliance of services with the specified requirements of state standards was determined in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of the Russian Federation on mandatory certification of services. Other requirements of state standards for services were mandatory for business entities to comply with by virtue of the contract, or if this was indicated in the technical documentation of the service provider. At the same time, the compliance of services with these requirements of state standards was determined in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of the Russian Federation on voluntary certification of services. The observance by business entities of the mandatory requirements of state standards was carried out by state control and supervision by the executive bodies of state power.

In the federal law “On the Fundamentals of Social Services for the Population in the Russian Federation”, Article 6 determined that social services must comply with state standards that establish basic requirements for the volume and quality of social services, the procedure and conditions for their provision.

In accordance with the national standard "Quality of social services", put into effect by the Decree of the State Standard of Russia, the main provisions are established that determine the quality of social services. This standard establishes the basic provisions for determining the quality of a particular service that is provided in social service institutions; but, unfortunately, the standard does not describe the provisions that establish the quality and efficiency of the process of providing the service, and there are no criteria for assessing the quality of the result to be achieved after the implementation of the service.

The complexity of standardizing services and their quality is associated, first of all, with the peculiarities of the services themselves, among which one can note: the difficulty of quantifying many types of services, the lack of indicators of the quality of social services, etc. The results of the study showed that it is important to develop specific mechanisms for organizing social services population at the regional level.

The lack of adequate conditions for the effective functioning of social services deprives specialists of confidence in the future of their activities, has a serious impact on the service process and the quality of social services provided.

The prospects for the existence and development of various forms of social services depend on various conditions, including:

• legislative - development of the regulatory framework at the federal, regional levels;
• organizational and structural - the level of development of the social service system as a whole and its individual structural elements;
• financial - the level of allocated financial resources for the development and functioning of the social service system;
• personnel - the level of qualification of specialists, the conditions for retraining and advanced training of performers;
• informational - the level of openness and accessibility of information about the social services provided.

Thus, at present, it is relevant to study the problems of ensuring the quality of social services, the development of standards as the basis for confirming compliance and evaluating the effectiveness of the activities of social service institutions for the population, identifying the features of organizing social services for the population at various levels, including the municipal one.

The need of the time is to increase the level of life safety, the health of citizens in the process of social services, the provision of high-quality social services.

Ensuring the compliance of services and the service process with these requirements is one of the tasks of standardizing social services for the population. In this regard, the study of the issues of standardization of social services provided to the population is of particular relevance; analysis of existing legal documents regulating the process of providing and consuming social services by different groups of the population; determination of mechanisms for standardization of social services at the regional and municipal levels.

Bibliography

1. Federal Law No. 195-FZ of December 10, 1995 "On the Fundamentals of Social Services for the Population in the Russian Federation" [Electronic resource] \\ "Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation", December 11, 1995, No. 50, art. 4872.
2. Federal Law of October 24, 1997 No. 134-FZ "On the subsistence minimum in the Russian Federation" [Electronic resource] \\ "Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation", October 27, 1997, No. 43, art. 4904.
3. Clusterization of the economy and state cluster policy: theoretical foundations and socio-economic prerequisites Khannanov R.A., Khannanova T.R. Eurasian legal journal. 2012. No. 12 (55). pp. 129-135.
4. Objective foundations for the formation and implementation of state agrarian policy Khannanova tr. historical, philosophical, political and legal sciences, cultural studies and art criticism. questions of theory and practice. 2013. No. 6-2 (32). from. 184-190.
5. Actual problems of objectification of the agrarian policy of the state Khannanova TR Legal research. 2013. No. 8. S. 164-193.
6. Development of the Doctrine of Legal Facts in Civil Law Khannanov R.A. Ufa, 2006.
7. Legal actions in the system of socio-economic development of Russia Khannanov RA Academy of Sciences of the Russian Federation; Ufa Scientific Center; Bashkir State Agrarian University. Ufa, 2007.
8. Legal nature of inaction and causality Khannanov R.A. State and law. 1978. No. 4. S. 128.
9. Problems of Improving the Efficiency of the Judiciary Khannanov R.A., Shaposhnikova R.R. Fundamental and applied research in the modern world. 2013. V. 3. No. 4 (04). pp. 86-88.
10. Information policy of state and municipal authorities (on the example of the Republic of Bashkortostan) Garifullina A.F. dissertation for the degree of candidate of political sciences / Bashkir State University. Ufa, 2011
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Ways to improve social services for the population as an element of social policy on the example of the municipalities "Kotlas" and "Kotlassky district"

3.1 Problems of social services and ways to solve them

Social services are an objective need of citizens who find themselves in a difficult life situation. However, at present the level of efficiency of social services is not high enough. This is due to various factors, among which, first of all, economic. It is expressed in the lack of funding for the sphere of social services, which leads to the low quality of social services, their inaccessibility, the shortage of personnel for social workers, and poor material and technical equipment of social service institutions.

The next factor hindering the successful development of the institution of social services is the imperfection of the legislation, its inconsistency and fragmentation, duplication of some acts by others. Often, there are no clearly defined concepts of a particular type of social service. This creates difficulties in studying and law enforcement practice.

In Russian society, a large number of people with signs of disability. It is no secret that in recent years the country has been experiencing a deterioration in the state of health of the nation, an aging society, low security, and unemployment.

Obviously, in the area under consideration, solutions require problems in two main areas: in the field of socio-economic development and legislative regulation. Problems of social services in Russia and ways to solve them, Information portal, New fact // URL: http: //www.new-fact.ru/? p=1383 (date of access: 08. 12. 14)

To address many issues, measures are needed to reform social services. In particular, it is necessary to move to a funded system in the field of social services - social insurance, when citizens, through personal contributions to the fund being formed, will be able to receive social services when they find themselves in a difficult life situation.

A measure that can change the financial situation is the creation of a state off-budget fund for social services, which will allow to concentrate the available revenues (tax and other), and in the future to spend them exclusively in the field of social services.

The next step could be the development of a non-state system of social services, in particular, strengthening the role of public organizations (trade unions, religious organizations, public funds, charitable organizations, etc.).

Reforming the sphere of social services, it is also necessary to pursue a policy of regional alignment in order to form an equal level of social services throughout the country. However, here it is important not to allow an egalitarian approach and apply individual measures to different regions. Problems of social services in Russia and ways to solve them, Information portal, New fact // URL: http: //www.new-fact.ru/? p=1383 (date of access: 08. 12. 14)

One of the measures to improve the situation in the field of social services is to provide the regions with the opportunity to search for additional non-standard solutions, for example, stimulating charitable activities, developing non-traditional types of social services, such as a sanatorium at home or a social service institution on wheels.

In the field of protection of the disabled, one of the most vulnerable categories, it is necessary to: increase the volume and quality of manufactured prosthetic and orthopedic products, rehabilitation means; an increase in the number of institutions specializing in such production; equipping places for training disabled people in general educational institutions, expanding the network of specialized educational institutions.

As part of the improvement of legislation, it is necessary to adopt a codified act at the level of law that regulates the main issues in the field of social services. This will streamline and systematize the existing legislation on social services.

In further work with the legislative framework, it is important to expand the subject composition of those in need, to move away from the concept of social services as an institution that regulates the relations of a narrow circle of subjects, only the elderly, the disabled and the low-income.

Social services for the population is a mechanism that allows you to practically solve complex issues of the life of society, the family and the individual. Therefore, it is important that social priorities and guarantees are firmly fixed in the legislation. Gradually, a new model of the social service system should be built that meets the current needs of society and the economic capabilities of the state. Problems of social services in Russia and ways to solve them, Information portal, New fact // URL: http: //www.new-fact.ru/? p=1383 (date of access: 08. 12. 14)

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