Council of People's Commissars of the USSR composition. Council of People's Commissars

This term has other meanings, see Council of People's Commissars. Additional information: List of people's commissariats of the USSR Council of People's Commissars of the USSR (Sovnarkom of the USSR, SNK of the USSR) ... Wikipedia

Council of People's Commissars: Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR Council of People's Commissars of the USSR ... Wikipedia

RSFSR Council of People's Commissars of the USSR ... Wikipedia

This term has other meanings, see Council of People's Commissars. Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR (SNK RSFSR) ... Wikipedia

V.I. Lenin, first chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Russian Soviet Republic and the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR Council of People's Commissars (abbr... Wikipedia

- (Sovnarkom of the RSFSR, Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR) the name of the government of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic from the October Revolution of 1917 to 1946. The Council consisted of people's commissars, in fact, ministers who led the people's ... ... Wikipedia

- (SNK) in 1917 1946 the name of the highest executive and administrative bodies of state power of the USSR, union and autonomous republics. In March 1946 they were transformed into Councils of Ministers. According to the Constitution of the USSR of 1936, the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR was formed... ... Legal Dictionary

- (Sovnarkom, SNK), in 1917 46 the name of the government in the USSR, union and autonomous republics. In March 1946 they were transformed into the Councils of Ministers... Modern encyclopedia

- (SNK) in 1917 46 the name of the highest executive and administrative bodies of state power of the USSR, union and autonomous republics. In March 1946 they were transformed into the Councils of Ministers... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

- (Sovnarkom, Council of People's Commissars), the highest executive and administrative bodies of state power in Soviet Russia, the USSR, union and autonomous republics in 1917 46. In March 1946 they were transformed into the Councils of Ministers. Source: Encyclopedia Fatherland ... Russian history

Books

, Ezhukov Evgeniy Lavrentievich. The history of protecting and guarding Russia's borders goes back more than 1000 years. Since the emergence of the Russian state, the need arose to protect its borders. However, after the Great October Revolution...
Border guards of Russia from St. Vladimir to Nicholas II, Ezhukov, Evgeniy Lavrentievich. The history of protecting and guarding Russia's borders goes back more than 1000 years. Since the emergence of the Russian state, the need arose to protect its borders. However, after the Great October Revolution...

Since the Jewish topic has already been touched upon, I’ll post one piece of material that still hasn’t found its place. The issue of Jewish representation in the upper echelons of Soviet power is very vibrant to this day. Even I could not resist his seductive charms. Once I read the famous book “One Hundred and Forty Conversations with Molotov” by F. Chuev and one moment really confused me. Here it is: “They say it was the Jews who made the revolution, not the Russians. – Well, few people believe in this. True, in the first government, in the Politburo, the majority were Jews.” A very strange statement, because who, if not the “stone ass”, knows the true state of affairs - but here you go. And you can’t blame it on sclerosis.

In general, this is a very common misconception among a very wide public - that Jews constituted the majority in the Soviet leadership. I even read similar things from other friends of mine. I’ll say right away that the majority - both at the top of the party and in the government - has always been Russian. However, foreigners - including Jews - had a very wide representation in certain periods. In principle, quite a lot has already been written about the national composition of the party leadership, but regarding the government, I have only seen analyzes revolving around the first composition of the Council of People's Commissars (although, admittedly, I was not particularly interested in the plot itself). So I had the idea to dig around and find out how many Jews were part of the Soviet government. At the end of the search, the following article turned up: Jews in the leadership of the USSR (1917-1991). I thought that it exhausted the topic, and was very saddened for wasting my time, but not without pleasure I discovered that in relation to the government the text contained, albeit minor, omissions, and decided to abandon the work. But now, I think, I have brought it to the end, and I present the results to the public.

I’ll say right away that I was only interested in the composition of the Council of People’s Commissars of the RSFSR (1917-22) and the Council of People’s Commissars/CM of the USSR. Wikipedia tells us that “Before the creation of the USSR in 1922 and the formation of the Union Council of People's Commissars, the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR actually coordinated the interaction between the Soviet republics that arose on the territory of the former Russian Empire.” Therefore, our chronological framework will cover the years 1917-1991. As for personalities, I will present it in the form of a simple chronological list - in dynamics it is somehow easier to perceive.

TROTSKY Lev Davydovich (BRONSTEIN Leiba Davidovich)
People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs of the RSFSR (November 1917 - March 1918).
People's Commissar for Military and Naval Affairs of the RSFSR/USSR (August 1918 - January 1925).
People's Commissar of Railways of the RSFSR (March-December 1920).
Chairman of the Main Concession Committee under the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR (June 1925 - 1927).
STEINBERG Isaac Zakharovich (Yitzkhok-Nachmen Zerahovich)
People's Commissar of Justice of the RSFSR (December 1917 - March 1918).
SVERDLOV Veniamin Mikhailovich (Binyamin Movshevich)
People's Commissar of Railways of the RSFSR (January-February 1918).
GUKOVSKY Isidor Emmanuilovich
People's Commissar for Financial Affairs of the RSFSR (March-August 1918).
LYUBOVICH Artemy Moiseevich
Acting People's Commissar of Posts and Telegraphs of the RSFSR, USSR (March 1920 - May 1921, November 1927 - January 1928).
DOVGALEVSKY Valerian Savelievich (Saulovich)
People's Commissar of Posts and Telegraphs of the RSFSR (May 1921 - July 1923).
SHEINMAN Aron Lvovich
Chairman of the Board of the State Bank of the RSFSR, USSR (October 1921 - December 1924, January 1926 - October 1928).
People's Commissar of Internal Trade of the USSR (December 1924 - November 1925).
KAMENEV (ROSENFELD) Lev Borisovich
Deputy Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR/USSR (September 1922 - January 1926).
People's Commissar of Foreign and Domestic Trade of the USSR (January-November 1926).
Chairman of the Main Concession Committee of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR (May 1929 - October 1932).
SOKOLNIKOV Grigory Yakovlevich (DIAMOND Girsh Yankelevich)
People's Commissar of Finance of the RSFSR/USSR (October 1922 - January 1926).
YAKOVLEV (EPSTEIN) Yakov Arkadievich
People's Commissar of Agriculture of the USSR (December 1929 - April 1934).
RUKHIMOVICH Moisey Lvovich
People's Commissar of Railways of the USSR (June 1930 - October 1931).
People's Commissar of the Defense Industry of the USSR (December 1936 - October 1937).
LITVINOV Maxim Maksimovich (WALLAH-FINKELSTEIN Meer-Genoch Moiseevich)
People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs of the USSR (July 1930 - May 1939).
KALMANOVICH Moisey Iosifovich
Chairman of the Board of the State Bank of the USSR (October 1930 - April 1934).
People's Commissar of Grain and Livestock State Farms of the USSR (April 1934 - April 1937).
ROSENGOLTZ Arkady Pavlovich
People's Commissar of Foreign Trade of the USSR (November 1930 - June 1937).
Head of the Department of State Reserves under the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR (August-October 1937).
SHUMYATSKY Boris Zakharovich
“People's Commissar of Cinematography”: Chairman of Soyuzkino, Head of the Main Directorate of the Film Industry, Chairman of the State Directorate of the Film and Photo Industry under the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR (November 1930 - January 1938).
GOLTSMAN Abram Zinovievich
Head of the Main Directorate of Civil Air Fleet under the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR (February 1932 - September 1933).
GOLOSCHYOKIN Philipp Isaevich (Shaya Isaakovich)
chief state arbiter at the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR (February 1933 - October 1939).
KLEINER Israel Mikhailovich (Srul Meilikhovich)
Chairman of the Committee for Procurement of Agricultural Products under the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR (April 1934 - December 1936).
People's Commissar of Procurement of the USSR (December 1936 - August 1937).
MARYASIN Lev Efimovich
Chairman of the Board of the State Bank of the USSR (April 1934 - July 1936).
WEITZER Israel Yakovlevich
People's Commissar of Internal Trade of the USSR (July 1934 - October 1939).
YAGODA Genrikh Grigorievich (YEHUDAH Enoch Girshevich)
People's Commissar of Internal Affairs of the USSR (July 1934 - September 1936)
People's Commissar of Communications of the USSR (September 1936 - April 1937).
KAGANOVICH Lazar Moiseevich
People's Commissar of Railways of the USSR (May 1935 - August 1937, April 1938 - March 1942, February 1943 - December 1944).
People's Commissar of Heavy Industry of the USSR (August 1937 - January 1939).
Deputy Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars/CM of the USSR (August 1938 - May 1944, December 1944 - March 1953).
People's Commissar of the Fuel Industry of the USSR (January-October 1939).
People's Commissar of the Oil Industry of the USSR (October 1939 - July 1940).
Minister of Construction Materials Industry of the USSR (March 1946 - March 1947).
Chairman of the State Committee of the USSR Council of Ministers for Material and Technical Supply of the National Economy (January 1948 - October 1952).
First Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (March 1953 - June 1957).
Chairman of the State Committee of the Council of Ministers of the USSR on labor and wages (May 1955 - May 1956).
Minister of Construction Materials Industry of the USSR (September 1956 - July 1957).
KAMINSKY (GOFMAN) Grigory Naumovich
Chief Sanitary Inspector of the USSR (1935 - June 1937).
People's Commissar of Health of the USSR (July 1936 - June 1937).
KRUGLIKOV Solomon Lazarevich
Chairman of the Board of the State Bank of the USSR (July 1936 - September 1937).
KHALEPSKY Innokenty Andreevich
People's Commissar of Communications of the USSR (April-August 1937).
Special Representative of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR for Communications (August-November 1937).
BRUSKIN Alexander Davidovich
People's Commissar of Mechanical Engineering of the USSR (October 1937 - June 1938).
KAGANOVICH Mikhail Moiseevich
People's Commissar of the Defense Industry of the USSR (October 1937 - January 1939).
People's Commissar of the Aviation Industry of the USSR (January 1939 - January 1940).
GILINSKY Abram Lazarevich
People's Commissar of the Food Industry of the USSR (January-August 1938).
GINZBURG Semyon Zakharovich
Chairman of the Committee for Construction Affairs under the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR (March 1938 - May 1939).
People's Commissar for Construction of the USSR (June 1939 - January 1946).
People's Commissar for the Construction of Military and Naval Enterprises of the USSR (January 1946 - March 1947).
Minister of Construction Materials Industry of the USSR (March 1947 - May 1950).
DUKELSKY Semyon Semyonovich
Chairman of the Committee for Cinematography under the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR with the rank of People's Commissar (March 1938 - June 1939).
People's Commissar of the USSR Marine Fleet (April 1939 - February 1942).
BELENKY Zakhar Moiseevich
acting chairman of the Commission of Soviet Control under the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR (May 1938 - April 1939).
ANCELOVICH Naum Markovich
People's Commissar of the Forestry Industry of the USSR (October 1938 - October 1940).
PEARL Polina Semyonovna (KARPOVSKAYA Pearl Semyonovna)
People's Commissar of the Fishing Industry of the USSR (January-November 1939).
VANNIKOV Boris Lvovich
People's Commissar of Armaments of the USSR (January 1939 - June 1941).
People's Commissar of Ammunition of the USSR (February 1942 - August 1945).
People's Commissar/Minister of Agricultural Engineering of the USSR (January-June 1946).
Head of the First Main Directorate under the Council of People's Commissars/CM of the USSR (August 1945 - March 1953).
COUNTRYWOMAN (ZALKIND) Rosalia Samoilovna
Deputy Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR (May 1939 - August 1943).
Chairman of the Commission of Soviet Control under the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR (May 1939 - September 1940).
MEHLIS Lev Zakharovich
Deputy Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR (September 1940 - May 1944).
People's Commissar/Minister of State Control of the USSR (September 1940 - June 1941, March 1946 - October 1950).
ZALTSMAN Isaac Moiseevich
People's Commissar of the Tank Industry of the USSR (July 1942 - June 1943).
RAISER David Yakovlevich (Usherovich)
Minister of Construction of Heavy Industry Enterprises (May 1950 - March 1953).
Minister of Construction of Metallurgical and Chemical Industry Enterprises of the USSR (April 1954 - May 1957).
DYMSHITTS Veniamin Emmanuilovich
Head of the Capital Construction Department of the USSR State Planning Committee - Minister of the USSR (June 1959 - April 1962).
First Deputy Chairman of the USSR State Planning Committee - Minister of the USSR (April - July 1962).
Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (July 1962 - December 1985).
Chairman of the State Planning Committee of the USSR (July - November 1962).
Chairman of the National Economic Council of the USSR (November 1962 - October 1965).
Chairman of the State Committee of the USSR Council of Ministers for Material and Technical Supply (October 1965 - June 1976).
VOLODARSKY Lev Markovich (GOLDSTEIN Leiba Mordkovich)
Head of the Central Statistical Directorate under the Council of Ministers of the USSR, Central Statistical Directorate of the USSR (August 1975 - December 1985).
KOTLYAR Nikolay Isaakovich
Minister of Fisheries of the USSR (January 1987 - November 1991).
RAEVSKY Vladimir Abramovich
Acting Minister of Finance of the USSR (November 1991 - March 1992).

As can be seen from the list, in terms of government representation, the best years for the people studied were the first approximately 30 years of the communist regime.

Other authors (both yes and no), when listing Jews in the Soviet government, often include among them representatives of other peoples, mostly, funny as it may seem, Russians. The reasons for this are not clear to me personally - in most cases the origin can be established quite easily from reference literature and there is absolutely no need, in this situation, to voluntarily get into a puddle. But this phenomenon exists. I met the following “false Jews” from the People’s Commissars:

Efim Slavsky (born into a Ukrainian peasant family);
Rodion Malinovsky (his origins are very murky: the son of a Ukrainian cook, his father is unknown - they assume that he is from the Karaites, but these are not Jews, although they are Jews; the marshal’s daughter claims that her grandfather is a “Russian prince”);
Isidor Lyubimov (both Vaksberg and Solzhenitsyn list him as a Jew, although he was born a Bolshevik in the family of a Kostroma peasant. Apparently, the name is confusing);
Pavel Yudin (son of a Tula worker. The surname seems to be confusing here);
Ivan Teodorovich (from a Polish noble family);
Abrahamy Zavenyagin (some called Abram, although he is exactly Abrahamy; the son of a railway station driver in the Tula region);
Mikhail Frinovsky (from the family of a Penza teacher);
Vasily Rulev-Schmidt (from a poor family - father a peasant, mother a German cook);
Nikolai Krestinsky (“Molotov” touchingly notes: “...apparently, the former Jew, it seems, was baptized, that’s why Krestinsky. But maybe I’m mistaken. Master, such a gentleman.” I could have experimented and found out that the master is from noble family);
Georgy "Lomov" Oppokov (also from the nobility).

Rumors persistently circulate about Andropov’s Jewish origin - it’s truly amazing! However, while there is no direct reliable information, we will trust the official biography. In a similar way, Filipp Goloshchekin was included in the list, rather due to inertia - there is no documentary evidence of his “real name” and Jewish origin. But this one, since no one is arguing, let it be for now.

Another question arises about Khrushchev’s Ministry of Agriculture, Mikhail Olshansky - here he is, he doesn’t really correspond to the stereotype of Jewish appearance, and his surname is Belarusian in origin. It seems that no questions should arise, but the minister’s birthplace, Sarny, was at the beginning of the twentieth century. So in this case, the grandmother said two things in the literal sense. If anyone has confirmation or refutation of this guess, I would be very grateful.

Perhaps it is still worth dispelling a well-known misconception - despite numerous statements by publicists of the “Black Hundred” trend, the Bolshevik “tribune” Volodarsky, who was killed in the spring of 1918 in Petrograd, was never a member of the Council of People’s Commissars of the RSFSR (although he is credited with the fictitious post of “People’s Commissar for Press, Propaganda and Agitation” "). The fact is that after the Bolsheviks came to power, local councils began to form their own councils of people’s commissars, following the example of the center. And so Volodarsky was a member of the board of commissioners of the Union of Communes of the Northern Regions - there he was the commissioner for press, propaganda and agitation. That is, he is a regional “minister”, nothing more.

However, you will still find the surname “Volodarsky” in the list presented - just not at the beginning, but quite at the end. And for good reason: the statistician is the younger brother of the St. Petersburg “newspaper dictator.” This is how it happens in life :o)

This was the situation in the Council of Deputies with people's commissars and ministers of Jewish nationality. As you can see, nothing is really out of the ordinary, everything is quite decent. Much more decent than in sovereign and then independent Russia, where for 21 years only 12 people from this people were members of the highest executive body. So we need to take a closer look at the national policy of the current government! ;O)

ZY Of course, the representation of Jews at the government level is not limited to the named persons - there were people’s commissars “from them” in the Union republics, but this already requires a separate special immersion. The topic of Jewish leaders of the sectoral headquarters of other giant People's Commissariats also requires a separate special dive - these departments for the most part by the end of the 30s, during the Stalinist inflation of staff, took shape as independent People's Commissariats. The list of residents of the “Government House” shows that at this level the representation of Jews was much wider - approximately like with the “authorities”, the list of heads of local branches of which in the 20-30s speaks, in general, for itself. But, again, you need to study separately.

The Bolsheviks introduced only one Jew into the first composition of the Council of People's Commissars, Trotsky L.D., who took the post of People's Commissar.

The national composition of the Council of People's Commissars is still the subject of speculation:

Andrei Dikiy in his work “Jews in Russia and the USSR” claims that the composition of the Council of People’s Commissars was allegedly as follows:

Council of People's Commissars (Sovnarkom, SNK) 1918:

Lenin is the chairman,
Chicherin - foreign affairs, Russian;
Lunacharsky - enlightenment, Jew;
Dzhugashvili (Stalin) - nationalities, Georgians;
Protian - agriculture, Armenian;
Larin (Lurie) - economic council, Jew;
Shlikhter - supply, Jew;
Trotsky (Bronstein) - army and navy, Jew;
Lander - state control, Jew;
Kaufman - state property, Jew;
V. Schmidt - labor, Jew;
Lilina (Knigissen) - public health, Jewish;
Spitsberg - cults, Jew;
Zinoviev (Apfelbaum) - internal affairs, Jew;
Anvelt - hygiene, Jew;
Isidor Gukovsky - finance, Jew;
Volodarsky - seal, Jew; Uritsky—elections, Jew;
I. Steinberg - justice, Jew;
Fengstein - refugees, Jew.

In total, out of 20 people's commissars - one Russian, one Georgian, one Armenian and 17 Jews.

Yuri Emelyanov in his work “Trotsky. Myths and Personality” provides an analysis of this list:

The “Jewish” character of the Council of People's Commissars was obtained through machinations: not the first composition of the Council of People's Commissars, published in the decree of the Second Congress of Soviets, was mentioned, and from the many times changed compositions of the Council of People's Commissars, only those people's commissariats were pulled out that were ever headed by Jews.

Thus, L. D. Trotsky, appointed to this post on April 8, 1918, is mentioned as the People's Commissar for Military and Naval Affairs, and A. G. Shlikhter, who actually occupied this post, is listed as the People's Commissar for Food (here: “supply”) post, but only until February 25, 1918, and, by the way, he was not a Jew. At the time when Trotsky actually became People's Commissar of Military Affairs, the Great Russian Tsyurupa A.D. had already become People's Commissar of Food instead of Schlichter.

Another method of fraud is the invention of a number of people's commissariats that never existed.
Thus, Andrei Dikiy mentioned in the list of People's Commissariats the never-existing People's Commissariats for cults, elections, refugees, and hygiene.
Volodarsky is mentioned as People's Commissar of the Press; in fact, he really was a commissar of the press, propaganda and agitation, but not a people's commissar, a member of the Council of People's Commissars (that is, in fact, the government), but a commissar of the Union of Northern Communes (a regional association of Soviets), an active implementer of the Bolshevik Decree on the Press.
And, conversely, the list does not include, for example, the actually existing People's Commissariat of Railways and the People's Commissariat of Posts and Telegraphs.
As a result, Andrei Diky doesn’t even agree on the number of people’s commissariats: he mentions the number 20, although the first composition included 14 people, in 1918 the number was increased to 18.

Some positions are listed with errors. Thus, the Chairman of the Petrosoviet Zinoviev G.E. is mentioned as the People's Commissar for Internal Affairs, although he never held this position.
People's Commissar of Posts and Telegraphs Proshyan (here - "Protian") is credited with the leadership of "agriculture".

A number of persons are arbitrarily assigned Jewishness, for example, the Russian nobleman Lunacharsky A.V., the Estonian Anvelt Ya.Ya., the Russified Germans Schmidt V.V. and Lander K.I., etc. The origin of Schlichter A.G. is not entirely clear , most likely, he is a Russified (more precisely, ukrainized) German.
Some persons are completely fictitious: Spitsberg (perhaps referring to the investigator of the VIII liquidation department of the People's Commissariat of Justice I. A. Spitsberg, famous for his aggressive atheistic position), Lilina-Knigissen (perhaps referring to the actress Lilina M. P., never joined the government who was a member, or Lilina (Bernstein) Z.I., who was also not a member of the Council of People's Commissars, but worked as the head of the department of public education under the executive committee of the Petrograd Soviet), Kaufman (possibly referring to cadet Kaufman A.A., according to some sources, was attracted by the Bolsheviks as an expert during the development of land reform, but was never a member of the Council of People's Commissars).

Also mentioned in the list are two left Socialist Revolutionaries, whose non-Bolshevism is not indicated in any way: People's Commissar of Justice I. Z. Steinberg (referred to as “I. Steinberg”) and People’s Commissar of Posts and Telegraphs P. P. Proshyan, referred to as “Protian-Agriculture” . Both politicians had an extremely negative attitude towards post-October Bolshevik policies. Before the revolution, I. E. Gukovsky belonged to the Menshevik “liquidators” and accepted the post of People’s Commissar of Finance only under pressure from Lenin.

And here is the actual composition of the first Council of People's Commissars (according to the text of the decree):
Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars - Vladimir Ulyanov (Lenin)
People's Commissar for Internal Affairs - A. I. Rykov
People's Commissar of Agriculture - V. P. Milyutin
People's Commissar of Labor - A. G. Shlyapnikov
The People's Commissariat for Military and Naval Affairs is a committee consisting of: V. A. Ovseenko (Antonov) (in the text of the Decree on the formation of the Council of People's Commissars - Avseenko), N. V. Krylenko and P. E. Dybenko
People's Commissar for Trade and Industry - V. P. Nogin
People's Commissar of Public Education - A. V. Lunacharsky
People's Commissar of Finance - I. I. Skvortsov (Stepanov)
People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs - L. D. Bronstein (Trotsky)
People's Commissar of Justice - G. I. Oppokov (Lomov)
People's Commissar for Food Affairs - I. A. Teodorovich
People's Commissar of Posts and Telegraphs - N. P. Avilov (Glebov)
People's Commissar for Nationalities - I. V. Dzhugashvili (Stalin)
The post of People's Commissar for Railway Affairs remained temporarily unfilled.
The vacant post of People's Commissar for Railway Affairs was later filled by V.I. Nevsky (Krivobokov).

But what does it matter now? The boss said 80 - 85% Jews! So that's how it was! By the way, don’t forget to write this down in your new history textbook. This certainly corresponds to the geopolitical interests of Russia, since Putin believes there...

Or do you want to correct yourself? Oh, Jews, don’t even think about it! Otherwise, blame yourself. In short, now the problem with Bolshevik repressions is definitely on you!

Here is the exact quote from the guarantor:

“The decision to nationalize this library (Schneerson - AK) was made by the first Soviet government, and its members were approximately 80-85% Jews. But they, guided by false ideological considerations, then went for arrests and repressions of both Jews and Orthodox Christians, and representatives of other faiths - Muslims - they all were treated with the same brush. These are ideological blinders and false ideological attitudes - they, thank God, have collapsed. And today, in fact, we are handing over these books to the Jewish community with a smile.”

As they say, "Ostap suffered..."

However, this list strongly diverges from official data on the composition of the first Council of People's Commissars. Firstly, writes Russian historian Yuri Emelyanov in his work “Trotsky. Myths and Personality,” it includes people’s commissars from various compositions of the Council of People’s Commissars, which have changed many times. Secondly, according to Emelyanov, Dikiy mentions a number of people’s commissariats that never existed at all! For example, on cults, on elections, on refugees, on hygiene... But the actually existing People's Commissariats of Railways, Post Offices and Telegraphs are completely absent from Diky's list!
Further: Dikiy claims that the first Council of People's Commissars included 20 people, although it is known that there were only 15 of them.
A number of positions are listed inaccurately. Thus, Chairman of the Petrosovet G.E. Zinoviev never actually held the post of People's Commissar of Internal Affairs. Proshyan, whom Dikiy for some reason calls “Protian,” was the People’s Commissar of Posts and Telegraphs, not of Agriculture.
Several of the mentioned “members of the Council of People’s Commissars” were never members of the government. I.A. Spitsberg was an investigator in the VIII liquidation department of the People's Commissariat of Justice. It is generally unclear who is meant by Lilina-Knigissen: either the actress M.P. Lilina, or Z.I. Lilina (Bernstein), who worked as head of the public education department of the executive committee of the Petrograd Soviet. Cadet A.A. Kaufman participated as an expert in the development of land reform, but also had nothing to do with the Council of People's Commissars. The name of the People's Commissar of Justice was not Steinberg at all, but Steinberg...

"I All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies (WHAT???)

Decree

On the establishment of the Council of People's Commissars

Educate to govern the country (which one???), until the convening of the Constituent Assembly, a provisional workers' and peasants' government, which will be called the Council of People's Commissars. The management of individual branches of state life is entrusted to commissions, the composition of which must ensure the implementation of the program proclaimed by the Congress, in close unity with the mass organizations of workers, workers, sailors, soldiers, peasants and office workers. Government power belongs to the board of chairmen of these commissions, i.e. Council of People's Commissars.

Control over the activities of the People's Commissars and the right to remove them belongs to the All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Workers', Peasants' and Soldiers' Deputies and its Central. Spanish to the committee.

At the moment, the Council of People's Commissars is composed of the following persons:

Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars - Vladimir Ulyanov (Lenin).

People's Commissars:

for internal affairs - A. I. Rykov;

agriculture - V. P. Milyutin;

labor - A. G. Shlyapnikov;

for military and naval affairs - a committee consisting of: V. A. Avseenko (Antonov), N. V. Krylenko and P. E. Dybenko;

for trade and industry affairs - V. P. Nogin;

public education - A. V. Lunacharsky;

finance - I. I. Skvortsov (Stepanov);

for foreign affairs - L. D. Bronstein (Trotsky);

Justice - G.I. Oppokov (Lomov);

for food matters - I. A. Teodorovich;

Posts and telegraphs - N. P. Avilov (Glebov);

for national affairs - I. V. Dzhugashvili (Stalin);

The post of People's Commissar for Railway Affairs remains temporarily unfilled."

The most impressive thing is the word: “country”, of course, immediately after the title - the deputies of who knows what territory!

WIKI about SNK: "

Immediately before the seizure of power on the day of the revolution, the Bolshevik Central Committee instructed Kamenev and Winter (Berzin) to enter into political contact with the Left Socialist Revolutionaries and begin negotiations with them on the composition of the future government. During the Second Congress of Soviets, the Bolsheviks invited the Left Socialist Revolutionaries to join the government, but they refused. The factions of the right Socialist Revolutionaries and Mensheviks left the Second Congress of Soviets at the very beginning of its work - before the formation of the government. The Bolsheviks were forced to form a one-party government.

The Council of People's Commissars was formed in accordance with the "" adopted by the II All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Workers', Soldiers' and Peasants' Deputies on October 27, 1917. The decree began with the words:

To govern the country, until the convening of the Constituent Assembly, to form a temporary workers' and peasants' government, which will be called the Council of People's Commissars.

The Council of People's Commissars lost the character of a temporary governing body after the dissolution of the Constituent Assembly, which was legislated by the Constitution of the RSFSR of 1918. The All-Russian Central Executive Committee received the right to form the Council of People's Commissars; The Council of People's Commissars was the body for the general management of the affairs of the RSFSR, with the right to issue decrees, while the All-Russian Central Executive Committee had the right to cancel or suspend any resolution or decision of the Council of People's Commissars.

Issues considered by the Council of People's Commissars were resolved by a simple majority of votes. The meetings were attended by members of the government, the chairman of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, the manager and secretaries of the Council of People's Commissars, and representatives of departments.

The permanent working body of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR was the administration, which prepared issues for meetings of the Council of People's Commissars and its standing commissions, and received delegations. The staff of the administration in 1921 consisted of 135 people (according to the data of the Central State Administrative Department of the USSR, f. 130, op. 25, d. 2, pp. 19 - 20.).

By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR of March 23, 1946, the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR was transformed into the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR.

Legislative framework of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR

management of general affairs of the RSFSR

management of individual branches of management (Articles 35, 37)

The People's Commissar had the right to individually make decisions on all issues within the jurisdiction of the commissariat he led, bringing them to the attention of the collegium (Article 45).

With the formation of the USSR in December 1922 and the creation of an all-Union government, the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR became the executive and administrative body of state power of the Russian Federation."