Babies often develop a rash on their body. It can have a different nature, so you need to start treatment based on its appearance and location. The symptoms accompanying the rash are also important. They primarily differ in their appearance: size, color, shape, and location.

Types of rashes on the body

The main types of rash are as follows:

First of all, with any type of small rash in a child, it should be shown to a specialist. Because only an experienced doctor can make an accurate diagnosis. Self-medication in some cases can be very dangerous.

Location of spots

It is very important to pay attention to where exactly the stain is located. Thanks to this, it will be possible to determine the baby’s initial illness, which triggered the appearance of the rash.

The reasons for the appearance of spots on the face can be:

If the rash covers the entire body, then the following factors should be considered:

• presence of infection in the body;
• allergies manifested as contact dermatitis or urticaria;
• newborn acne. The solution to this problem is proper nutrition and care, air baths and bathing with baby soap;
• toxic erythema. Affects approximately 90% of the skin. It goes away 3 days after toxins are removed from the body.

As for rashes on the legs and arms, they most likely indicate an allergy. Such a rash can cover the baby’s limbs for a long time, especially if he is under stress and constantly tired. If you do not pay attention to it in a timely manner, it can develop into eczema.

In addition, other diseases can cause the appearance of a rash on the arms and legs: scabies, psoriasis and even lupus. But if there are no spots in other places, there is a possibility that the child has simple heat rash.

Infectious diseases contribute to the appearance of spots on the stomach: chicken pox, scarlet fever, rubella, measles. If you start therapy correctly and on time, the spots will begin to disappear on the third day. If there are no rashes in other places, then the child may have contact dermatitis, which is caused by an allergen that comes into contact with the child’s tummy.

A rash on the neck or head is most often the result of heat rash. It is necessary to ensure proper care of the baby’s skin and normalize thermoregulation. You can bathe the baby in a series and apply ointments to the affected areas. But there are other ailments that provoke the appearance of spots in these places: atopic dermatitis, neonatal pustulosis, scabies, chickenpox.

The most common causes of red spots on the back and shoulders are scarlet fever, rubella, measles, insect bites, prickly heat and allergies. But it can also indicate quite serious diseases.

White dots

The rash is usually pink or red in color. But in some cases, the rashes are white; they appear if the child has allergies, fungal infections, digestive system problems, hormonal imbalance, or vitamin deficiency.

A small rash on a child’s body can be caused by the following factors:

In infants

In the first weeks after birth, active hormonal changes occur in the baby’s body, as evidenced by rashes on his skin. Most parents turn to specialists because a small rash has appeared all over the baby’s body.

However, this is a common occurrence in infants. At elevated ambient temperatures, their sweat glands actively secrete sweat. Therefore, in places of natural folds - under the arms, in the groin, on the butt and face, a small reddish rash appears. The skin feels damp to the touch.

Miliaria is not a dangerous disease and, after some time, goes away on its own. But parents need to be aware that factors such as being in a wet diaper for a long time or wearing hot clothes can cause diaper rash. When caring for a newborn, the mother must carefully monitor the condition of the baby's skin and notice any changes on it.

Keep in mind that infants can often develop allergies to clothing materials, hygiene products or food. When developing children's immunity, they must be protected from external irritants.

Diseases accompanied by rashes

A small red rash can occur not only with prickly heat, but also with other childhood diseases.

Chicken pox

This disease is most common among children. Almost every child suffers from it. Chickenpox is characterized by a small red itchy rash, which is replaced by small blisters that barely rise above the surface of the skin.

These blisters contain infectious fluid. After the blister bursts, a small red ulcer remains in its place. The child feels the most unpleasant sensations when there are rashes in the mouth, genitals and on the inside of the eyelids. From the period of infection to the appearance of the first red rash, 11 days pass. Very often the patient has a headache and a rise in body temperature. Don't scratch the rash, as this may delay the healing process.

You can help your baby by smearing the wounds with brilliant green or a solution of potassium permanganate. It is necessary to minimize leaving home and contact with other people during the period of illness.

Measles

This viral disease is very rare in our times. Its first symptoms can easily be confused with digestive problems or a cold. Only after 4-7 days do red rashes appear. They are preceded by fever and elevated temperature, sometimes reaching 40 degrees. The first areas to suffer from the rash are the gums and mucous membrane of a child's cheeks. After this, the spots spread to the neck and face, shoulders, stomach, back and chest. The last place the rash appears is on the extremities. When the disease begins to pass, the skin in their places turns brown. This disease can provoke serious consequences. Therapy is prescribed only by a specialist.

Rubella

This disease is highly contagious. The incubation period is asymptomatic and lasts about 21 days. The first rashes can be found behind the ears and on the back of the head. After a short period of time, the disease spreads to the baby’s body. At the same time, the baby's body temperature rises. There are no special drugs to treat this disease.

Roseola

Every infant under 2 years of age can encounter this disease.. Pronounced signs of the disease are:

• sore throat;
• increased body temperature;
• enlarged lymph nodes.

After this, small red spots appear on the baby’s face and spread throughout the body at high speed. This disease is contagious, but does not require therapy. It goes away on its own.

Scarlet fever

The first sign of its appearance is a high temperature and the appearance of a characteristic rash in the form of pimples on the tongue. Scarlet fever is caused by streptococcus. The latent phase of the disease has a period of 3−7 days. Rashes are added on the lower and upper extremities, face and body. When the spots disappear, peeling of the skin begins in their place. During this period the person is contagious. It is best to exclude contact with other people.

Meningitis

This is a very dangerous disease, even newborn babies are susceptible to it. The symptoms are:

• the appearance of rashes;
• stiffness and hardness of the neck muscles;
• drowsiness;
• increase in body temperature, which is accompanied by vomiting.

The rash appears in the form of small subcutaneous spots that look like an injection mark or a mosquito bite. They appear primarily on the buttocks and abdomen. After this, they move to the legs and spread throughout the body. If no measures are taken in time, the rash will increase in size and volume and will look like bruises. If medical care is not provided on time, death is possible.

Allergic reactions in children

In the modern world there are many factors that irritate children's delicate skin. Very often, a rash on a child’s body is a manifestation of an allergic reaction. It can have different appearances: small blisters, pimples or spots . It can be localized on any area of ​​the skin. With food allergies, rashes are most often observed on the stomach and back, and when reacting to clothing - on the legs, arms, shoulders, sometimes even on the feet.

In any situation, it is necessary to consult a doctor, this will help to avoid complications and undesirable consequences. Because with severe allergies, Quincke's edema may develop or a malfunction of internal organs may occur.

The most common manifestations of an allergic reaction are:.

1. Atopic dermatitis, which is a red papular rash. Over time, they merge and become crusty. The place of their localization is most often the bends of the limbs, cheeks and face. Accompanied by itching.
2. Hives appear due to temperature factors, medications and food. There are situations when it is impossible to determine the exact cause of this disease.

Insect bites

In summer, the rash may be the result of an insect bite - ants, midges or mosquitoes. The bite site can be felt for several days; it constantly itches, causing discomfort to the child.

But here's a hornet bite, wasps or bees cause much more trouble. They pierce the skin with a sting and inject venom, which causes swelling, swelling and severe pain. Such bites are also dangerous because after them the baby may develop an allergy, and rashes spread throughout the body, while the child feels severe itching and pain. Along with this, breathing problems and fainting are possible, and in some situations, anaphylactic shock.

The bite site should be thoroughly examined, remove the sting from it, give the baby an antihistamine and monitor his condition.

Rashes on a baby’s healthy skin are quite often the result of some kind of pathology in the child’s body. A baby may develop a rash all over the body even without a high body temperature. This article talks about in what situations such a situation arises and how to help your child.

Causes

A variety of causative factors can cause the appearance of various rashes on the skin. The severity of clinical symptoms varies. Infants may experience the disease more severely than older children. Also, in most cases, the rashes on their skin become generalized, that is, they cover almost the entire body.

Doctors identify several clinical variants of rashes that appear on the skin of babies even in the absence of high fever. So, in newborn babies, the rash on the skin can be quite physiological nature.

Such rashes appear in a child due to imperfect functioning of the endocrine system and periodic increases in hormone levels. This condition is completely temporary and disappears as the child grows.

Immunological reasons lead to the fact that various rashes begin to appear on the baby’s skin. These include:

• irritating chemicals;
• provoking allergens of various origins;
• exposure to external factors (high ambient temperature, low humidity, intense exposure to ultraviolet rays and others);
• mechanical pressure or friction.

These reasons lead to the activation of immune cells, which are normally located in the layers of the skin and are necessary to protect the child’s body from various infections. Activated cells begin to fight allergens, which is manifested in the baby’s development immune inflammation. This condition can occur with both high and low body temperature.

An immune rash is in most cases accompanied by severe itching. This feature is due to the activation of special immune cells, which release a huge amount of biologically active substances that have an irritating effect on the skin. This condition leads to the fact that the child begins to scratch the damaged skin excessively.

Various rashes also contribute to the appearance of various rashes on the baby’s clean skin. multiple bacterial or viral diseases. They are usually quite easily transmitted from a sick child to a healthy one. Children attending kindergarten or school, according to statistics, become ill with such infectious pathologies several times more often.

Infections quite often occur with an increase in body temperature. However, this is not always the case. In some babies, body temperature may be low or even remain within normal limits.

Many viral and bacterial infections also cause the child to develop other unfavorable symptoms, not just the appearance of pathological rashes on the skin:

• A sick baby may experience abdominal pain, general weakness, headache and fatigue.
• Young children often develop various stool disorders, which manifest themselves as persistent constipation and diarrhea.
• A sick child's appetite decreases significantly. Infants may even refuse breastfeeding or have poor attachment to the mother's breast.
• The behavior of a sick child also changes. Such a baby becomes more withdrawn and nervous. He tries to avoid any active games.
• The child's sleep is also significantly disrupted. The baby, as a rule, experiences severe daytime sleepiness and wakes up many times at night.
• The course of this condition can be significantly complicated by the appearance of itchy skin in the child.

What does it look like?

Skin rashes that appear in a child against a background of normal body temperature can manifest themselves in different ways.

Allergy

An allergic rash is usually red and small. The diameter of such skin rashes in most cases does not exceed 5-6 mm. Such red spots quite often merge with each other, forming elements with uneven or bizarre edges.

Skin with an allergic rash usually itches a lot. Pathological rashes can appear on almost all parts of the body. With contact dermatitis, rash elements appear only in places of direct exposure to the allergen.

They usually appear as multiple bright red spots that are very itchy and cause severe discomfort to the child.

Bacterial infections

Some forms of bacterial infections cause not only a red rash on the skin, but also the appearance of multiple blisters. Inside such formations there is a bloody fluid.

The outer wall of these skin vesicles is quite thin and can be easily injured when touched. This causes all the liquid to leak out.

The peak of infectious diseases in children usually occurs at age 2-5 years. At this time, the immune system is not yet fully developed, which leads to the fact that the child can easily become infected with any infection.

Prickly heat

The appearance of bright red spots behind the ears may indicate that the baby has developed heat rash. This condition most often develops in infants and is associated with excessive wrapping of babies. Wearing a woolen hat that is too warm can cause your baby to develop symptoms of prickly heat on the neck and face.

Hormone imbalance

The appearance of ulcers on the skin of the back is quite often a manifestation of an imbalance of hormones. The development of this pathological condition is usually caused by an increased level of testosterone.

Pustular rashes usually appear on the back, shoulders, face, and also on the upper half of the body. This condition develops more often in adolescence.

Where to contact?

The appearance of skin rashes is a mandatory reason for parents to show their child to a doctor. For the first treatment, it is enough to consult a pediatrician. This doctor will conduct the necessary clinical examination and establish a presumptive diagnosis.

If the differential diagnosis is quite complex and requires special knowledge about skin diseases, then the pediatrician will refer the baby for a consultation with a pediatric dermatologist.

To establish the correct diagnosis for all children, a whole range of various studies is carried out.

A general blood test can reveal even hidden signs of various infectious pathologies, and also gives doctors an idea of ​​the severity of functional disorders. Even in the absence of high body temperature, the child may have elevated leukocytes and ESR. These laboratory changes clearly indicate that certain pathologies are developing in the child’s body.

In some cases, the causative agent of the disease can only be identified through special bacteriological studies.

Such methods include performing scraping. The biological material for this test is the upper layers of the skin. They are taken for examination by a nurse in the laboratory, and in some cases only by a pediatric dermatologist. The material is usually ready within 3-5 days from the moment the material is collected.

To identify and differentiate various forms of allergic diseases, they are used various allergy tests. They make it possible to determine whether a child has an individual hypersensitivity to certain types of allergens. This test is performed only by an immunologist.

Such a study gives doctors a fairly complete picture of what allergens a child is highly sensitive to.

How is the treatment carried out?

After making a diagnosis, doctors prescribe complex therapy for the sick child. It can include a wide variety of drug combinations. The main goal of this treatment is to cleanse the skin of rashes and strengthen local immunity.

The selection of medications is carried out taking into account the main cause of the disease that caused such adverse skin manifestations to appear in the child. To eliminate allergic rashes, drugs containing antihistamine components. Such products not only cope with rashes, but also help reduce skin itching.

To achieve results, it usually takes at least 7-10 days of taking these drugs. The first positive effect, as a rule, is noticeable already 2-3 days after the start of using the medicine.

Antihistamines come in a variety of dosage forms. For mild pathological conditions, it is sufficient to use special ointments or creams. Such products are perfectly distributed over the skin, quickly absorbed and penetrate well into all skin layers. These medications include: "Gistan N", "Fenistil gel" and many others. Such drugs should be used in accordance with the instructions on the package.

With systemic spread of skin elements, local treatment alone is not enough. In this case, doctors recommend using tablet forms medicines. Such drugs include: "Suprastin", "Loratadine", "Zyrtec" and many others. They are prescribed 1-2 times a day, mainly in the first half of the day.

If a red rash on a child’s skin appears as a result of the child overheating, then parents should definitely reconsider the clothes they use for the baby. Do not over-bundle your child. For walks outside, you should give preference to fairly warm, but at the same time “breathable” clothes.

For babies, especially the first years of life, it is better to choose blouses or pants made from natural materials.

Red rashes that appear in different parts of the body in babies can also be caused by various cosmetic products, which are used for daily hygiene procedures.

Mothers should pay special attention to body lotions and creams. Quite often, their composition includes various chemical fragrances and dyes, which cause the appearance of various allergic rashes on the child’s delicate skin.

Children who have a tendency to develop skin allergies should choose cosmetics that do not contain any aggressive components.

It is better to limit the use of all products having a strong odor. Preference should be given to children's cosmetics that are approved for use on newborn babies and have all the necessary quality and safety certificates.

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The site provides reference information for informational purposes only. Diagnosis and treatment of diseases must be carried out under the supervision of a specialist. All drugs have contraindications. Consultation with a specialist is required!

Reasons

Rash on the body of babies can be caused by many diseases. Moreover, some of them pose a real threat to life. Therefore, it is necessary to show the child to the doctor even with the most minor rashes.

Transient vascular phenomenon in a newborn

The formation of all functions of the child’s body causes changes in the condition of the skin. There are two completely physiological conditions accompanied by a rash in newborn babies:

• Marbling of skin color,
• Rapid change in skin color.

Species

A rash is a disturbance in the color or quality of the skin in certain areas. There are many types of this phenomenon. Rashes are quite often observed on the body and face of people of any age, but a child’s skin is very delicate, and therefore is more prone to rashes.
In the first months after birth, the baby's skin constantly changes. Some changes are physiological in nature and not dangerous, while others may be caused by infections or malfunction of any organs.

Marbling of the dermis– this is a change in the color of the skin of the child’s entire body and limbs, which is the body’s response to a decrease in temperature. Usually, when the body warms up, the spots disappear immediately. This phenomenon can be observed up to six months of age and is normal. It does not require any special measures.

A rapidly passing change in skin color - it is noticeable in cases where a naked baby lies on one side and is turned over to the other. One side becomes more pink, and the other, on the contrary, becomes paler. The color changes very quickly, literally before our eyes, and returns to normal in a few minutes. Skin color evens out faster if the child cries or moves actively. This phenomenon is observed only in every tenth baby born on time, and most often parents do not pay attention to it. You can notice a change in skin color from the first days of a baby’s life, and the phenomenon goes away by the age of one month. Pediatricians explain this phenomenon by the development of the hypothalamus, which is responsible for the expansion of small vessels.

Erythema toxicum– this phenomenon is observed in 55% of newborns and occurs in babies born at term with normal body weight. Signs of toxic erythema can be detected both immediately upon birth and after two to three days.
With toxic erythema, red, swollen spots up to 3 millimeters in size appear on the baby’s body, as well as blisters, which gradually take on the appearance of “mosquito bites.” Typically, rashes are observed on the face, arms and legs, and body. The child’s feet and palms are not affected by this type of rash.

During the newborn period, a vesiculopustular rash is a consequence of infection with herpes, candida, staphylococcus or other pathogenic infections.

To determine the pathogen, an analysis of the contents of the bubbles is taken. Most often, the rashes do not affect the baby’s condition and disappear on their own in a week or less. But sometimes they can worsen his well-being and last longer. Despite this, erythema is not dangerous to the health and life of the child and does not require special treatment methods.

Transient pustular melanosis
This phenomenon is five times more common in children of the Negroid race ( in 5% versus 1% in babies with white skin color). The rash in this case is a pigmented rash, like large freckles. The skin does not turn red. At first, the skin becomes covered with red spots and blisters, which after a while burst and in their place “freckles” appear, which independently discolor after about a month.

Hormonal acne of newborns
This phenomenon occurs in approximately every fifth newborn baby. Usually these are closed comedones covering the cheeks and forehead, rarely there are blisters, red pimples or open comedones.
It is believed that these rashes appear when the child’s sebaceous glands increase their activity, caused by male sex hormones obtained from the mother’s body or produced in the child’s body. This is a temporary phenomenon that disappears on its own without a trace. Most often, newborn acne is not treated with anything. But sometimes, if they are too abundant, the skin is lubricated with benzoyl peroxide ointment. Before use, you should test for tolerance by smearing a small area of ​​your baby's skin on the inner bend of the elbow. If acne does not disappear for a long time, this may indicate increased work of the adrenal glands and other metabolic disorders.

Sebaceous cysts
These are yellowish or white bubbles with a diameter of up to 2 millimeters, which are formed when the secretions of the sebaceous glands in the skin are inhibited. This phenomenon is observed in half of children in the neonatal period. They usually appear on the face, but rarely on the mucous membranes, genitals and limbs. Sebaceous cysts do not need to be treated with anything; they will go away on their own no later than by the age of three months.

Prickly heat
This type of rash occurs when sweat cannot pass through the ducts and becomes trapped in the sweat glands. The work of sweat glands and ducts in newborn babies is still imperfect, so prickly heat is a fairly common phenomenon. It is observed in 4 children out of 10 born. Most often observed in the first four weeks after birth. The rash may be red or may resemble millet grains.

Since the disease usually goes away on its own and does not affect the overall well-being of the baby at all, no treatment is carried out. Medicines are used only in special cases. Many mothers and fathers are embarrassed by unsightly crusts on the baby’s head. They can be easily removed with a soft brush after bathing and treatment with an emollient cream. Crusts are removed very quickly and effectively even after treating the skin with vegetable oil.
Some doctors prescribe shampoos with tar or selenium sulfide. However, these products should not be used for their own purposes.

Hemorrhagic

If the rash is caused by a vascular or blood disease, it is hemorrhagic in nature, which means small hemorrhages between the layers of the dermis. Such rashes can be small or large, they can look like bruises from dark purple to yellow, or they can be small “spider veins” scattered throughout the body.
Such symptoms should alert parents and serve as a reason to visit a doctor.

During teething

When teething, many babies suffer from excessive salivation. Since saliva almost constantly flows from the mouth and further down the chin, it becomes covered with a small red rash.
If you constantly gently blot the corners of your baby's mouth and chin with a soft cloth, a rash will not appear.
Some children develop an allergic rash due to teething. This will be discussed in more detail below.

Allergic

This type of rash usually appears suddenly. Often, along with rashes, the child suffers from the flow of tears and rhinitis. He tries to scratch the areas covered with the rash, as they usually itch intensely. An allergy rash is very clearly visible; it protrudes above the surface of the skin.
Eliminating the allergen, as well as taking an antihistamine ( as prescribed by a doctor).

From antibiotics

Rash and other allergic manifestations are observed in approximately 1% of patients. Urticaria and allergic contact dermatitis are most often observed when using topical forms of antibiotics. Urticaria is most often provoked by sulfonamides and beta-lactams. The rash appears a few hours after the first dose of the medicine and disappears almost immediately after stopping its use.

Allergic contact dermatitis manifests itself in redness of the skin, burning, itching and the appearance of small blisters on the skin. If the drug is used for the first time, symptoms may appear after five to seven days. If it was used before, dermatitis may develop on the very first day. To eliminate the symptoms of the disease, you should discontinue the antibiotic ointment and treat the affected areas with glucocorticoid preparations ( as prescribed by a doctor).

After vaccination

Allergic rashes similar to nettle burns are local reactions to vaccinations and are observed quite often.
But if the rash appears on large areas of the body, then this is a general reaction of the body.

There are three possible causes of rash after vaccination.
1. The vaccine components multiply in the skin.
2. Allergy to any component of the vaccine.
3. The vaccine caused bleeding.

If the vaccine is not inactivated, then mild rashes are a normal reaction of the body to the introduction of foreign microbes. This is typical for vaccines against measles, rubella, and mumps.

A rash in the form of small dots may be a consequence of a decrease in the number of platelets in the blood. This happens after rubella vaccination, but very rarely. But the same points may indicate that vaccination provoked the development of vasculitis - this is a severe autoimmune disorder affecting the vascular walls.

In some cases, a vaccination provokes a specific reaction of the body, for example, this happens after a measles vaccination: five to ten days after the vaccine is administered, the body may become covered with a rash, which quickly passes. Body temperature may also increase.

Temperature with scarlet fever

Scarlet fever is a highly contagious infectious disease, the main symptoms of which are a sharp increase in body temperature, a small rash and inflammation of the tonsils. The disease develops under the influence of streptococcus. Children from two to seven years old are more susceptible to scarlet fever. Scarlet fever is more common during the cold season.

The source of infection is a sick person who releases pathogens with tiny particles of saliva and bronchial mucus during sneezing, coughing and even conversation. The incubation period is from two to seven days. After which the child’s body temperature rises sharply to 39–40 degrees, his health worsens, and his throat hurts. Rashes can be observed starting from the end of the first day. The spots appear on the neck, shoulders, chest and back, after which they cover the entire skin in a short time. The rashes are most intense on the side surfaces of the body, stomach, and inner surfaces of the elbows. The rashes are bright in color, very small and closely spaced. The skin often itches.

Very characteristic are rashes on the face that cover it thickly, leaving only the nasolabial triangle, called scarlet fever, clear. After 7–9 days, the rash turns pale and the skin begins to peel off. The first places to peel off are the earlobes, neck, fingertips, feet and palms. The skin is completely cleared after 15 – 20 days.

Vomiting with chickenpox

This is a very common viral disease that most often affects children under 6 years of age. The virus is transmitted only from a sick person, since it lives in the external environment for only 10 minutes and does not tolerate ultraviolet radiation and high temperature. Therefore, children in kindergartens and primary schools are most often infected. The danger of the disease is that the sick person begins to spread the infection two days before the first symptoms appear.

The child’s temperature rises to 38–39 degrees, he is lethargic, and often vomits. In the very first hours, the body is covered with small vesicles with a diameter of up to 5 mm. The skin around the blister turns red. At first, there is a clear liquid inside the vesicles, which after a day becomes cloudy, the middle of the vesicle wrinkles and a crust appears. After a week, two crusts dry out and fall off by themselves. At the site of each bubble, a red spot remains for quite a long time. If you pick off the crust ahead of time, a chip will remain. The blisters are usually very itchy. If they also form on the mucous membranes, the child may cough.

The first rashes appear on the head, face, then on the body and, finally, on the arms and legs. In some cases, they even appear on the mucous membranes of the mouth and eyes. Vesicles never form on the feet and palms.
A feature characteristic of this particular disease is that when new blisters appear, the child’s temperature may rise.

For measles

This is a viral infection, the incubation period of the disease is on average 10 days, but can vary from 9 days to 3 weeks. A distinctive feature of measles is that some signs of illness appear in the baby already during the incubation period: he eats poorly, is lethargic, his eyes are red, he coughs and sneezes. Sometimes body temperature increases.

With the onset of the clinical period of the disease, the temperature increases to 38 - 39 degrees, rhinitis is already clearly noticeable, the child coughs in a special rude way, reminiscent of a dog barking. He has swollen and red mucous membranes of the eyes, tears flow from the eyes and pus is released. The child's eyes hurt, he cannot look at bright light.

Against the background of the above, a rash called measles enanthema also appears. These are small red spots in the mouth and on the palate. In addition, on the inside of the oral mucosa you can see whitish grains, similar to semolina. It is these whitish spots that clearly indicate measles - this is a very characteristic sign of the disease.

But all these spots on the mucous membranes disappear as soon as a rash appears on the body. The child's temperature rises again and his general condition worsens.
The rash covers the entire surface of the body, it is very small, but can merge. Nearby, the rash appears as blisters up to 2 millimeters in diameter, around which the skin turns red and forms a spot a centimeter in diameter. Sometimes, with severe disease, the skin becomes covered with small hemorrhages.
The body becomes covered with a rash for 3 days. First the neck and face, then the body, upper legs and arms, then the feet. The rash is thicker on the face, shoulders, chest and neck.

After 4 days, the rash becomes less bright, the skin in the area of ​​the rash peels off finely and darkens. 5 days after the first rash, the child’s body temperature decreases and his condition returns to normal. For about another 10 to 14 days, traces of rashes can be seen on the body, after which the skin is completely cleared.

For meningitis

The course of meningitis varies depending on what pathogen provoked it. A rash due to meningitis in children under 3 years of age is very rare and most often affects the back of the throat. Most often, such rashes are caused by meningococci.

If microorganisms are transferred by blood to other parts of the body, the skin may become covered with bright red rashes. These rashes are hemorrhagic in nature and represent hemorrhages from the capillaries. They indicate infection of the body with the causative agent of meningitis.

These rashes differ in that they most often cover the buttocks, thighs and back. They look like stars or irregularly shaped spots. This disease is very dangerous, so at the slightest suspicion you should immediately call a doctor or an ambulance.

For mononucleosis

Infectious mononucleosis is a disease that is observed more often in children from 3 to 16 years of age. Transmitted by airborne droplets. The pathogen affects the lymph nodes and all lymphoid tissues of the body, including the spleen, tonsils and sometimes even the liver.
This disease is characterized by a hemorrhagic form of the rash. Although in many cases there is none at all. The rashes are somewhat reminiscent of those caused by scarlet fever or measles. They stay on the body for several days.

For rubella

Rubella is not a very serious childhood disease. Most often, the child feels lethargic and overwhelmed, and his temperature rises slightly. The rash is small, less than a millimeter in size, first found behind the ears, on the arms and then throughout the body. With rubella, the parotid and cervical lymph nodes swell slightly. The incubation period of the disease is 14 - 20 days. The child should be kept in bed and, if necessary, the temperature should be reduced with medication. In adolescence, the disease is more severe and can cause complications. Rubella is most dangerous for pregnant women.

For scabies

Scabies rashes always cause very sharp itching. The rashes appear in pairs, two to three millimeters apart from each other. Most often they appear on the hands and abdomen.

For erythema infectiosum

This is a fairly little known viral infection that affects children. Signs of the disease appear in the cold season and spring. Pink spots cover the baby's nose and cheeks. At first they are separate, then they merge and form a common area.
Within a few days, rashes appear on the limbs and neck. In rare cases, body temperature increases.
Erythema rashes disappear after 10 days, but may return after a few weeks.
Treatment for this disease is aimed only at alleviating the patient’s condition.

What should parents do?

1. It is advisable to call a doctor at home, as the cause of the rash may be a contagious infection. Other children and pregnant women should be protected from communicating with the child.
2. If the symptoms resemble those of meningitis, you should immediately call an ambulance.
3. Before being examined by a doctor, there is no need to treat the rash with any medications, especially those that paint ( for example, Castellani liquid or brilliant green).
In addition, the vast majority of rashes are provoked by internal factors, so treating the skin will not give any result. And it can prevent the doctor from identifying the disease.

Prevention

1. You can protect your child from infectious diseases if he is vaccinated in a timely manner. There is now a vaccine against meningitis; you should consult with your pediatrician about the possibility and timing of vaccinating your child against meningitis.

All about herpes infection (chickenpox) in children and its treatment

Human skin can be called an indicator of health. This is especially true for a small child, whose skin is very sensitive to any changes - both in external conditions and in the general condition of the internal organs and systems of the body.

Skin rashes can be of different types. Some of them are not dangerous, others are a signal of the development of an allergic, infectious or autoimmune process. It is impossible to ignore a rash in a child or treat it yourself without finding out the root cause.

Skin rashes are a very common occurrence in young children.

Types of rashes in babies

In dermatology, there are three large groups into which all possible skin rashes in infants are divided:

1. Physiological. This type of rash occurs in newborns. Rashes appear on the body as a result of hormonal changes occurring in the body.
2. Immunological. It is a consequence of exposure to various irritating factors on the epidermis, such as allergens, temperature or friction. Such rashes include urticaria, prickly heat, an allergic reaction, or atopic dermatitis. Violation of basic hygiene rules can also lead to unwanted manifestations.
3. Infectious. A rash is a symptom accompanying a certain infectious (viral) disease, for example, chicken pox or scarlet fever (more details in the article:).

Causes of rashes

There are many reasons why rashes may appear on the head, face, arms, legs, sternum, back or back of the head. The most likely are:

1. Viral diseases. These include measles, rubella, chickenpox, and mononucleosis.
2. Diseases of bacterial etiology. For example, scarlet fever.
3. Allergy. Food products, hygiene products, clothing, household chemicals, perfumes and cosmetics, and insect bites can cause an allergic reaction.
4. Mechanical damage to the epidermis. If the wound is treated insufficiently, irritation of the skin around it may begin, manifested in the form of pimples, white spots, colorless blisters, goosebumps, red or pink spots.
5. Problems with blood clotting. In this situation, the rash consists of small hemorrhages characteristic of meningococcal meningitis.

So, rashes in babies come in different types and have different etiologies. It is not worthwhile to independently diagnose and determine the type of rash using photos from the Internet, even with good explanations. This should be done by a specialist.

Diseases accompanied by rashes

Any type of rash on the body is a symptom of the disease. They can be very different in appearance. The rash can be papular, pinpoint or, conversely, in the form of large dots or pimples. It comes in a variety of colors, ranging from clear or white to bright red. The characteristics that describe rashes directly depend on their etiology or the illness that they accompany.

Dermatological diseases

Among the diseases of dermatological etiology, the symptoms of which are a variety of rashes, the following can be noted:

• dermatoses (for example,);
• psoriasis;
• eczema;
• candidiasis and other diseases of the epidermis.

Almost always, skin diseases are caused by problems with internal organs and systems combined with exposure to external factors. For example, neurodermatitis can be triggered by malfunctions of the nervous and endocrine systems due to decreased immunity. In such a situation, complex therapy is required using medications, and not just ointments or creams.

Psoriasis on the hands of a child

As for psoriasis, at the initial stage it looks like an allergic reaction, but over time the plaques acquire a characteristic appearance. Another name for the disease is lichen planus. Psoriasis and eczema are very rare in children of one month of age. Genetic predisposition to these diseases only after 2 years.

Allergic reaction

One of the main symptoms of allergies is a rash. A negative reaction is the result of taking medications or eating certain foods. Having different shapes and sizes, the rashes can spread throughout the body, including the face, chest, and limbs.

The main characteristic difference between an allergy rash is that it increases in severity when exposed to an allergen and disappears after eliminating the irritant. Another feature is the presence of severe itching.

The most common manifestations of an allergic rash are:

1. . Occurs due to foods, medications and temperature factors. Sometimes it is impossible to determine the true cause of hives.
2. . It is a papular red rash that merges and becomes crusty as it develops. It most often occurs on the face, cheeks and places where the arms and legs are bent. Accompanied by itching.

Atopic dermatitis or eczema

Infectious diseases

Quite often, a rash is a sign of an infectious disease. The most famous of them:

1. . The child develops characteristic watery blisters, which dry out and form a crust. They are characterized by itching. The temperature may also rise, but sometimes the disease goes away without it.
2. . The main symptoms are enlarged lymph nodes in the neck and a rash in the form of small red spots or dots that first appear on the face and then move to the neck, shoulders and then spread throughout the body.
3. . It appears in the form of round spots and nodules behind the ears, spreading throughout the body. The disease is also accompanied by peeling, pigmentation disorders, fever, conjunctivitis, cough and photophobia.
4. . Initially, the rashes are localized on the cheeks, then move to the limbs, chest and torso. Gradually the rash becomes paler. Scarlet fever is also characterized by a bright red coloration of the palate and tongue.
5. . It starts with an increase in temperature. The fever lasts about three days, after which a pinpoint red rash appears on the body.
6. . It is characterized by a red rash that is very itchy.

The symptoms of chickenpox are difficult to confuse with the symptoms of another infection.
Rubella rash
Signs of measles
Roseola rash

Rashes in a newborn

The sensitive skin of newborns is most susceptible to negative external influences. Among the most common cases of rashes on the body of a baby are:

1. . It usually appears in a child due to heat as a result of overheating and difficulty sweating. Most often, this type of rash forms on the head, in particular under the hair, on the face, in the folds of the skin, where diaper rash is present. Rashes are blisters and spots that do not cause discomfort to the child (see also:). For diaper rash, the time-tested Panthenol Spray with dexpanthenol, a precursor substance to vitamin B5, which stimulates skin regeneration processes, is also used. Unlike analogues, which are cosmetics, this is a certified medicinal product and can be used from the first day of a child’s life. It’s easy to apply – just spray it on the skin without rubbing. PanthenolSpray is produced in the European Union, in compliance with high European quality standards; you can recognize the original PanthenolSpray by the smiley face next to the name on the packaging.
2. . Inflamed papules and pustules affect the face, scalp under the hair and neck. They are a consequence of the activation of the sebaceous glands through maternal hormones. Such acne usually does not need to be treated, but quality care and moisturizing of the skin should be provided. They pass without a trace, leaving no scars or pale spots.
3. . It appears in the form of papules and pustules, having a white-yellow color, with a diameter of 1 to 2 mm, surrounded by a red rim. They appear on the second day of life, then gradually go away on their own.

Heat rash on the face of a baby

How to determine the disease by the location of the rash?

One of the important characteristics of rashes on the body is their localization. It is by what part of the body the spots, dots or pimples are located that one can determine the nature of the problem and the disease that became the root cause of their appearance.

Naturally, this is not the only parameter that is necessary to establish an accurate diagnosis, but it is quite possible to reduce the number of variants of ailments. However, a dermatologist should analyze the factors that caused the appearance of a rash on a particular part of the body and how to treat it in order to avoid serious consequences of self-medication.

Rash on face

One of the parts of the body that is most susceptible to various types of dermatitis is the face.

In addition to the fact that the appearance of small pimples or spots on the face indicates pathologies in the body, such defects also become an aesthetic problem.

The reasons why the rash affects the facial area can be very diverse:

1. Reaction to sunlight. Occurs with prolonged exposure to the sun.
2. Allergy. It can be caused by cosmetics, for example, creams containing citrus oils. Food is also often the cause.
3. Prickly heat. It is observed in infants one year of age and younger with poor quality skin care.
4. Diathesis. It affects children who are breastfed.
5. Puberty in adolescents.
6. Infectious diseases. Among them are measles, rubella and scarlet fever.

Rashes all over the body

Quite often, the rash affects more than one specific area, but spreads throughout almost the entire body.

Allergic rash in a newborn

If a child is covered with various kinds of rashes, this indicates:

1. Erythema toxic. The rash affects 90% of the body. Disappears within 3 days after toxins are removed.
2. Newborn acne (we recommend reading:). Bathing with baby soap, air baths, care and proper nutrition are the solution to this problem.
3. Allergic reaction. It can manifest itself as urticaria or contact dermatitis on any part of the body where there was contact with the allergen.
4. Infections. If nothing has changed in the child’s diet and habits, then the possible cause of the rash is an infectious disease.

Red dots on arms and legs

As for the rash on the extremities, its main cause is usually an allergy. These allergic manifestations especially affect the hands. They can remain on the skin for a long time if the child experiences constant stress, emotional distress and fatigue. If left untreated, the problem can develop into eczema.

Another reason why your hands and feet may become itchy is a fungal disease (such as psoriasis, scabies or lupus). In cases where there is no rash in other places, a simple miliaria is possible.

Allergic rash on a child's foot

Rash on the stomach

The main factor that can trigger the appearance of a rash on the abdomen is infection, in particular, such well-known diseases as measles, rubella, scarlet fever and chicken pox. With timely and competent treatment, the rash begins to disappear within 3-4 days.

Usually, in addition to the abdomen, the skin is affected in other places. However, if the rash is present exclusively on the abdomen, then contact dermatitis is most likely caused by an allergen coming into contact with the baby's tummy.

Rashes on the head and neck

A rash on the head or neck is most often a result of heat rash. In this case, the child’s thermoregulation should be normalized and proper skin care should be provided. You can also smear the affected areas with ointments and bathe the baby in a series.

Other reasons for the appearance of a rash in these places include:

• chicken pox;
• scabies (we recommend reading:);
• neonatal pustulosis;
• atopic dermatitis.

Atopic dermatitis

Red dots on the back

The most common causes of red spots on the back and shoulders are:

• allergy;
• prickly heat;
• insect bites;
• measles;
• rubella (we recommend reading:);
• scarlet fever.

Two more probable diseases associated with such a location of red dots as the back are:

1. Sepsis of bacterial origin. Red pimples quickly spread throughout the body, turning into purulent formations. The disease is accompanied by loss of appetite, vomiting and nausea, and a temperature of up to 38 degrees.
2. . In addition to the rash, the child has subcutaneous hemorrhages on the back, a high fever instantly rises and constant pain appears in the area where the occipital muscles are located.

Sepsis of bacterial origin

White and colorless rash

In addition to the usual pimples or spots of red and pink color, the rashes may be white or colorless. Most often, the white color of the rash is characteristic of an allergic reaction; in adults, it is characteristic of diseases of infectious etiology. Rashes of this kind on the face indicate normal blockage of the sebaceous glands.

As for the colorless color of the rash, it indicates the presence of:

• vitamin deficiency;
• hormonal imbalance in the body;
• problems in the functioning of the digestive system;
• fungal infection;
• allergies.

Sometimes a small rash may appear on the baby's skin, which in appearance resembles goosebumps. This sign indicates an allergic reaction caused by hypersensitivity to various irritants, especially drugs. Children with a hereditary predisposition are more susceptible to it.