Drawing up a psychological portrait

A psychological portrait is a personality described in psychological terms. In practical psychology, drawing up a psychological portrait may be required in a number of situations, for example:

Although a psychological portrait is described in psychological terms, this is usually done in understandable terms - so that the consumer understands it, so that there is no ambiguity in the descriptions.

A psychological portrait should be drawn up by a fairly experienced psychologist, because this requires deep knowledge and the ability to analyze data (for example, the results of psychological testing). If possible, you should use all the data you can get. You shouldn't rush to conclusions. If necessary, conduct additional research (repeated psychodiagnostics).

The genre of psychological portrait itself presupposes almost complete freedom of presentation. However, this freedom should not be abused. It is advisable to limit yourself to dry but understandable formulations and present the material in a system. If some data is of interest to the customer, but it is not available, then you can say so directly.

The facts presented in a psychological portrait may have varying degrees of reliability. First, it is better to describe reliable facts (which, at least for a psychologist, do not raise doubts).

It is necessary to distinguish between a psychological portrait and a psychological profile. The latter concept is used mainly to convey significant information about the client’s personality to another specialist who can understand the formal data. A psychological portrait is not a formalized characteristic; its task is to show the individual uniqueness of a person. If the reader of the psychological portrait does not have such an understanding, if he cannot rely on this new knowledge to predict the behavior of the person being described, such a psychological portrait should be considered unsuitable.

What psychological concepts can you rely on when drawing up a portrait? All these concepts (or parameters) can be divided into four categories (although this division is quite arbitrary):

Man as an individual is something that is quite closely related to natural characteristics:

- age,

– constitution,

– temperament,

– diseases and pathologies,

– emotional orientation, etc.

At the same time, in our psychological portrait we not only state, say, gender or age, but also describe various kinds of deviations, interesting points related to gender or age: how a person relates to his gender role, his sexual activity, mental age, etc. d.

In general, we do this with all parameters: we not only state, but also pay attention to characteristic deviations, individual uniqueness, creatively connecting them together.

A person as a person is something that influences, that is connected with the interpersonal communication of this person, his social role:

– interests,

– inclinations,

– character (attitude to certain aspects of existence),

– sociability,

– sincerity,

– conflict,

– loyalty,

– participation in certain social groups,

– preferred social roles,

– leadership qualities, etc.

A person as a subject (of activity) is those qualities that influence activities (educational, work, play and others):

– intellectual abilities,

– rationality (reason, reasonableness),

– creative abilities,

– other abilities,

- strong-willed characteristics,

- habitual ways of making decisions,

– motivation and self-motivation,

- attention,

– features of thinking,

– features of speech,

- imagination and imagination

– communicative competence,

– professional plans and prospects,

– other general and professional competencies, etc.

A person as an individual – all other qualities that do not fall into other categories:

– self-concept and self-esteem,

– level of self-control,

- personal biography,

– characteristic behavioral features,

– characteristic features of the picture of the world,

– prejudices,

– beliefs and values,

– life strategy and current goals,

– intrapersonal conflicts,

– complexes (a jumble of ideas),

– personal achievements, etc.

The tips and descriptions of psychotypes below will help you understand how to create a psychological portrait. All people have the ability to adapt to certain life situations, but each person adapts differently. Someone is focused on specific moments, therefore, easily adapts to any situation. Someone is focused on the past and can only act within strict limits - permissions, prohibitions, rules and responsibilities. Still others are focused on the future with non-standard situations, which is why they are the main generators of ideas.

Knowing yourself, others, determining your temperament, personality orientation, character is important for any person to be able to do. This is required in order to fully unleash your creative potential and understand how to draw up a psychological portrait of a person. Find out the details of the methods for drawing up a psychological portrait.

Psychological portrait of personality

One of the personality features is temperament. Temperament - thanks to it, people differ so significantly from each other - some are slow and calm, others are fast and active.

Temperament is the basis of a person’s personality, which is based on the structure of the human body, the characteristics of his nervous system, and metabolism in the body. Temperament traits cannot be changed; they are usually inherited. In order to effectively draw up a psychological portrait of a personality, you need to understand its characteristics. There is a special approach to each type of temperament.

Sanguine people require constant monitoring and verification.
Choleric people must constantly be engaged in some activity, otherwise their activity will be a burden to others.
Phlegmatic people cannot stand being pushed on, because they are accustomed to relying only on their own strengths, and will definitely finish the job.
Melancholic people cannot stand pressure, screams, sharp instructions, because they are vulnerable and sensitive. You can take a test to determine your temperament using modern methods.

Another important personality trait is character. Character is the stable characteristics of human behavior. The character structure is divided into 4 groups, expressing the individual’s attitude to activity.

To work.
To the team.
To yourself.
To things.

Knowledge of such a structure will also help in the question of how to draw up your psychological portrait. Character formation occurs on the basis of the moral and volitional qualities of the individual. It is customary to distinguish 4 types of character:

Demonstrative type – strongly expresses emotions and experiences them. These are artistic people who play with their feelings in public. They understand other people well, but all decisions are made impulsively.
The pedantic type is the antipode to the demonstrative type. They are indecisive and constantly fear for their lives. Decisions take a long time to take.
Stuck type. He holds on to his negative feelings, but also focuses on his successes for a long time. They are touchy and vindictive, never forgetting insults.
Exciting type. The normal state for them is irritability and dissatisfaction. They cannot control themselves and provoke conflicts.

As a feature, abilities can be separately distinguished. Personal abilities are the solution to certain problems. They come in two types: general - their formation occurs with the development of intelligence. In particular, these are adaptation, mental flexibility, composure, attentiveness, and efficiency. Special abilities are something that is developed for a specific type of activity. But we shouldn’t forget about other personality traits that help create psychological portraits:

Direction is the vector where human activity is directed - towards communication, towards oneself, towards tasks.
Intellectuality is the basis of intelligence, its core.
Emotionality – divided into emotions and mind. Mind and will, that which is subordinate to a person, and emotions can arise in addition to his desires.
Communication skills – verbal and non-verbal communication.

Now you know how you can create a psychological portrait of any person. In the future, this will help you build correct relationships with the people around you.

Instructions

The main criteria by which a psychological portrait of a person can be drawn up are:

1. character (reinforces stable characteristics of a person that determine his behavior in different situations);

2. temperament;

3. self-esteem;

4. intelligence;

5. level of emotionality.

Psychologists distinguish a different number of character types. For example, K. Leonhard identifies demonstrative, stuck, pedantic and excitable characters. The main features of a demonstrative personality are the commission of actions under the influence of emotions, the ability to get used to images invented (sometimes independently). Pedantic people, on the contrary, are not influenced by emotions, are scrupulous, do not know how to “play,” and have difficulty making decisions. “Stuck” people are those who have the most difficulty processing their own emotions and experiences. They find it difficult to forget both successes and grievances, constantly replaying them in their memory (including even far-fetched successes and grievances). In principle, they live by the events they experience within themselves more than by the real ones. People with an excitable character are similar to people with a demonstrative character, but they are more conflicted and do not know how to use circumstances for their own purposes and play roles. These are just very neurotic people, tired, irritable.

With temperament, everything is quite simple; it characterizes the mobility of human behavior and the speed of decision-making. According to temperament, people are divided into 4 types: choleric, phlegmatic, sanguine, melancholic. Sanguine and phlegmatic people have strong nervous systems, but phlegmatic people are inert and indecisive, while sanguine people are quite excitable. The nervous system of a choleric person is extremely unbalanced, although it cannot be called weak. A choleric person does not know how to “press the brake pedal” in time; he must always, constantly be busy with something. A melancholic person has a weak nervous system, is suspicious, sensitive, and prone to deep inner experiences that deplete his nervous system even more.

Self-esteem can be normal, low or high. It is very susceptible to changes, for example, due to the onset of a certain age. Most teenagers suffer from low self-esteem, but this mostly goes away when they become adults and achieve some significant success, which allows them to look at themselves differently and be less dependent on other people's opinions.

Intelligence allows a person to assess a situation, distinguish what is essential and what is not, make decisions and adjust their behavior. Thanks to intelligence, a person can function more or less effectively. The level of intelligence depends on a person’s age, education, social circle, etc.

Emotions arise against a person’s will; everyone’s task is to be able to manage them, which is necessary both for behavior in society and for physical health. It has been observed that healthier people are better able to control their emotions. However, it is necessary to remember that managing emotions, controlling them does not mean hiding them, driving them inside: often they become even more acute from such actions. The level of a person’s emotionality depends on the ability to properly manage emotions.

Even if it seems to us that we have drawn up a clear psychological portrait of a particular person, this does not mean that we can rely on it one hundred percent. Firstly, each person is still unique. Secondly, a person changes with age, under the influence of various life circumstances.

How to write a psychological portrait of a personality? Examples on this topic are quite varied, but before providing them, it should be remembered that each person has a certain choleric, sanguine, melancholic and phlegmatic. It has been proven that in its pure form belonging to one or another type of nervous activity is rare. Most often, one individual combines a set of personal qualities that can be adjusted.

However, the basis of temperament remains constant. How can this be tracked in practice? Before assessing the psychological portrait of a person, the writing example should focus on how a person navigates society. One goes through life without deviating from clear rules, the other, on the contrary, is creative and resorts to innovative methods.

Psychologists are unanimous in their opinion that we should start with a description of temperament. Without this, it is impossible to create a psychological portrait of a person. A pattern of any characteristic primarily reflects the type of nervous system.

Sanguines and cholerics

Each type of temperament has its own characteristics, so each personality requires an individual approach. Sanguine people have a strong nervous system and easily experience changes in mental processes: their excitement quickly gives way to inhibition and vice versa. Because of this, they tend not to always fulfill their promises and need control.

But their positive traits usually outweigh the negative ones. Such individuals are endowed with sociability, sociability and optimism. In most cases, sanguine people are leaders and often occupy leadership positions in social life.

Cholerics are known for their unbalanced nervous system. The process of excitation in them prevails over inhibition. Cholerics feel the need to be busy all the time. They, like sanguine people, strive for leadership, but are often too assertive and hot-tempered.

Therefore, others often find choleric people aggressive and conflict-ridden. However, one can only envy their energy and determination. They are recommended to realize themselves in society as military personnel, rescuers, and doctors.

Phlegmatic and melancholic

During the research, scientists came to the conclusion that phlegmatic people are endowed with a strong type of nervous system. But, unlike sanguine people, these individuals are inert. They take a long time to make a decision and slowly assess their strength.

It is important not to push phlegmatic people, otherwise they will become very irritated and may quit what they started. Many believe that these individuals are often prone to succumbing to dark thoughts. But in reality they rarely become depressed. Their positive traits are consistency, reliability and thoroughness.

Melancholic people are the owners of a weak, unbalanced type of nervous system.
They are very sensitive and tend to get upset when pressured or given harsh instructions. Due to their softness, melancholic people often cannot resist the dictator and withdraw into themselves.

This eloquently reflects their psychological portrait of personality. An example from psychology shows that it is important for such individuals to master professions related to communication and caring for others. After all, the distinctive features of melancholic people are the ability to empathize and show mercy.

Psychological portrait of personality. Writing example

Perhaps many readers will think: “Is it so important today?” In fact, social life requires realization from the individual. Moreover, it is important that the activity is not only useful and well-paid, but also brings moral satisfaction to the person.

Platonov’s method can help a modern employer competently involve each team member in the process of activity. For example, the scientist emphasizes that a phlegmatic person works best with a melancholic person, and a choleric person works best with a sanguine person. In addition, Platonov identified important points from the structure of a person’s character:

Attitude to work. In this case, a person’s hard work, responsibility, and initiative are assessed. The main question is whether he realizes his natural potential or not.
Attitude towards others. It is known that the production process is based on relationships, and the coherence of the work and the final result depend on how harmonious they are. Therefore, it is assessed how responsive, respectful and flexible an individual is in society.
Attitude towards yourself. Today, the motto “love yourself” remains relevant. After all, a person who cares about his appearance and a healthy lifestyle not only evokes pleasant emotions, but is also able to attract positive events. That is why a newcomer is advised to pay attention to his appearance when he is going for an interview.

Example characteristics

Based on the above, we can conclude: everyone is able to create a psychological portrait of a person. An example of writing about yourself might look like this: “The basis of my temperament is melancholic. I am moderately hardworking and responsible. The downside is suspiciousness, which prevents me from achieving success. I act according to my natural potential and am able to develop self-confidence through psychological training. Relationships in the team do not always work out well. I am friendly, but shy, and have difficulty defending my opinion. I’m quite picky about myself, I doubt a lot of things, I have several bad habits, but I’m trying to get rid of them.”

This method helps an individual overcome psychological barriers, adjust their behavior and change a lot in their life for the better. The manager, in turn, often focuses on the psychological portrait of the individual. The writing sample usually assumes a free form, but there are large companies that provide a service sample.

How does Platonov's method work in psychology?

In fact, the described method is successfully used in the field of psychiatry and psychology. After all, before helping a person solve his problem, a specialist characterizes his personal qualities.

So, how to write a psychological portrait of a personality? Examples of this are quite varied. One of them implies, in addition to describing the type of temperament, also defining the emotional side of human character. For example, experts consider 4 types of emotions: demonstrative, pedantic, stuck, excitable.

The demonstrative type is distinguished by its emotionality. Such people vigorously express their emotions and often “play to the public.” But thanks to their artistry, they are able to understand their interlocutor well. Therefore, if a representative of the demonstrative type turned to a specialist for help with a request to help him decide on his choice of profession, then the most successful recommendation for him is to choose public activity. Or you can master a specialty

The pedantic personality type is prone to indecisiveness and a constant feeling of fear. He is characterized by hesitation and doubt. However, punctuality, prudence and accuracy are taken by the specialist as a basis and help to offer this type a certain method of resolving the situation.

Two difficult types

Are there any difficulties when drawing up a psychological portrait of a person? An example of writing according to Platonov shows: yes, this happens. For example, there are 2 personality types: stuck and excitable. At first glance they are similar.

And some individuals are able to intertwine in character. But a professional in his field is still able to figure it out. For example, stuck-type individuals are distinguished by the fact that they are able not to demonstrate their negative emotions for a long time. “Revenge is a dish best served cold” is an expression that perfectly describes their condition. Such individuals are touchy and vindictive. First of all, they are offered programs to get rid of old grievances.

An excitable personality type manifests itself in constant dissatisfaction and irritability. These negative phenomena lead to the fact that the individual is in conflict with the outside world and himself. What leads to this condition? The psychologist carefully works with the applicant, trying to piece together all the details of life events, taking into account his temperament, genetic characteristics, social conditions and circle of acquaintances.

Platonov's method in society

Palatonov’s method is used in various creative shows, politics, and science. Indeed, in this activity, the psychological portrait is primarily important. It is impossible for a famous person, just like an ordinary person, to avoid such a characteristic. In this case, the scientist Platonov proposes to consider a person’s intelligence and orientation.

That is, does he have a certain talent and will he be able to realize it based on willpower? In addition, experts take into account a person’s ability to manage their emotions and control their moods and feelings.

Self-esteem is the basis of characteristics

Experts pay special attention to the individual’s self-esteem. Many types of social activities place special emphasis on this when they compile a psychological portrait of an individual. Example of writing: “Ivan Stepanovich Korolev has high mathematical abilities, but low self-esteem. Can he manage a team? At present, no."

This is not the entire list of issues that Konstantin Platonov touches on in his works. The description of a person’s personal qualities depends on the circumstances and the field of activity that requires them. As a rule, a psychological portrait is individual and can be confidential.

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Introduction

Psycholomgy ( Old Greek shhchYu -- soul; lgpt - knowledge) - academic and applied science about behavior and mental processes in the psyche of people and animals.

Psychology must answer the question of why a person behaves one way or another in a given situation. This science helps us understand not only the behavior of other people, but also explain our own. Such knowledge allows you to behave correctly in difficult situations, get out of them, and sometimes get around them. So, knowing your strengths and weaknesses, you can avoid unwanted conflicts. Also, psychological knowledge helps to behave correctly at work and among friends, which is necessary for every person.

In order to better understand myself and find out the traits inherent in my character, I am drawing up my psychological portrait, where I will try to reflect the traits of my character and the mental properties inherent in me.

There are 2 types of mental properties inherent in every person. The first type is those properties that he possesses from his very birth, individual ones (such as the properties of the nervous system, body type, type of temperament, structure of organic needs). A person cannot change these features acquired at birth, but he can learn to use them correctly and live in harmony by developing his own individual style of activity.

The second type is properties characterizing the social position of an individual; these are properties acquired and changing during the course of a person’s life. Such characteristics as his status and role in society, value orientations, motivation of behavior, self-esteem, self-confidence and many other properties formed during the course of life under the influence of the social environment.

For psychological research in psychology, there are quite a large number of methods, here are some of them, those that I will use when drawing up my psychological portrait:

A test (from the English test - sample, trial) is a standardized task, the result of which allows you to measure the psychological characteristics of the subject. Thus, the purpose of the test study is to test, diagnose certain psychological characteristics of a person, and its result is a quantitative indicator correlated with previously established relevant norms and standards

A survey is a method in which a person answers a series of questions asked of him.

What does a psychological portrait include?

There are many criteria by which people can be classified to compile their psychological portraits.

Academician B.G. Ananyev, who created the Leningrad school of psychologists, substantiated that each person has a bright individuality that unites his natural and personal characteristics. Through individuality, the uniqueness of a person, his abilities, and his preferred field of activity are revealed. In individuality, basic and programming properties are distinguished. The basic ones include temperament, character, and human abilities. It is through the basic properties that the dynamic characteristics of the psyche are revealed (emotionality, rate of reactions, activity, plasticity, sensitivity) and a certain style of behavior and activity of the individual is formed. Basic properties are an alloy of innate and acquired personality traits in the process of education and socialization.

The main driving force for the development of individuality is its programming properties - direction, intelligence and self-awareness. Individuality has its own internal mental world, self-awareness and self-regulation of behavior, which develop and act as organizers of the behavior of the “I”.

B.G. Ananyev represented individuality as the unity and interconnection of the properties of a person as an individual, subject of activity and personality.

Based on an assessment of a person’s properties, it is possible to create a psychological portrait of the person, which includes the following components:

1. temperament; 2. character; 3. abilities; 4. focus; 5. intelligence; 6. emotionality; 7. strong-willed qualities; 8. ability to communicate; 9. self-esteem; 10. level of self-control; 11. ability for group interaction.

The development of individuality continues throughout life. With age, only a person’s position changes - from an object of education in the family, school, university, he turns into a subject of education and must actively engage in self-education.

psychological portrait of personality

My psychological portrait

Temperament

Observing other people, how they work, study, communicate, experience joy and sorrow, we undoubtedly pay attention to the differences in their behavior. Some are fast, impetuous, mobile, prone to violent emotional reactions, others are slow, calm, imperturbable, with imperceptibly expressed feelings, etc. The reason for such differences lies in a person’s temperament, inherent in him from birth.

The founder of the doctrine of temperament is the ancient Greek physician Hippocrates (V-IV centuries BC), who believed that there are four main fluids in the human body: blood, mucus, bile and black bile. The names of temperaments, given by the names of liquids, have survived to this day: choleric, comes from the word “bile”, sanguine - from the word “blood”, phlegmatic - mucus and melancholic - black bile. Hippocrates explained the severity of a certain type of temperament in a particular person by the predominance of one or another liquid.

In modern psychology, the word “temperament” denotes the dynamic features of the human psyche, i.e. only the pace, rhythm, intensity of mental processes, but not their content. Therefore, temperament cannot be defined by the word “good” or “bad”. Temperament is the biological foundation of our personality; it is based on the properties of the human nervous system and depends on the structure of the human body and metabolism in the body. Temperament traits are hereditary and therefore extremely difficult to change. Temperament determines a person’s style of behavior and the methods a person uses to organize his activities. Therefore, when studying temperamental traits, efforts should be directed not at changing them, but at understanding the characteristics of temperament to determine the type of human activity.

Temperament types:

1. A sanguine person is the owner of a strong type of nervous system (that is, nervous processes are strong and durable), balanced, mobile (excitation is easily replaced by inhibition and vice versa);

2. Choleric is the owner of an unbalanced type of nervous system (with a predominance of excitation over inhibition);

3. Phlegmatic - with a strong, balanced, but inert, immobile type of nervous system;

4. Melancholic - with a weak, unbalanced type of nervous system.

To determine my type of temperament, I needed to take G. Eysenck's questionnaire. After answering the questions asked, I found out that I have emotional stability and my temperament type is characterized by extroversion. This means that I am a Sanguine person by temperament type. And indeed, having compared the description of Sanguine, I found all those traits inherent in me.

Their positive qualities: cheerfulness, enthusiasm, responsiveness, sociability.

And negative: a tendency to arrogance, scatteredness, frivolity, superficiality.

“A dear sanguine person always promises so as not to offend another, but he does not always fulfill his promise, so you need to check whether he fulfilled his promise” - unfortunately, this is about me.

Character

Character (Greek - “coinage”, “imprint”) is a set of stable individual characteristics of a person that develop and manifest themselves in activity and communication, determining typical modes of behavior for him. Those personality traits that relate to character are called character traits. Character traits are not random manifestations of personality, but stable features of human behavior, features that have become properties of the personality itself. Character expresses not random, but the most typical, essential features of a person. In the character structure, there are 4 groups of traits that express the individual’s attitude to a certain aspect of activity: to work (for example, hard work, a penchant for creativity, conscientiousness in work, responsibility, initiative, perseverance and the opposite traits - laziness, a tendency to routine work, irresponsibility , passivity); to other people, the team, society (for example, sociability, sensitivity, responsiveness, respect, collectivism and their opposites - isolation, callousness, callousness, rudeness, contempt, individualism); to oneself (for example, self-esteem, correctly understood pride and the self-criticism associated with it, modesty and their opposites - conceit, sometimes turning into vanity, arrogance, resentment, egocentrism, selfishness); to things (for example, accuracy, thrift, generosity or, on the contrary, stinginess, etc.).

The core of the formed character is the moral and volitional qualities of the individual. A person with a strong will is distinguished by certainty of intentions and actions and greater independence. He is determined and persistent in achieving his goals. Lack of will in a person is usually identified with weakness of character. Even with a wealth of knowledge and a variety of abilities, a weak-willed person cannot realize all his potential. My character traits:

I am creatively inclined and love to draw; I am proactive and persistent, but, unfortunately, I am characterized by periodic bouts of laziness, sometimes I become somewhat childish and irresponsible, and I am also not able to do routine work that is uninteresting to me for a long time.

When communicating with others, I am sociable and responsive, I try to show respect and be polite to everyone.

I have self-esteem and a certain pride, however, I am quite modest. But, unfortunately, I am very easily offended; any harsh word addressed to me can hurt me and unsettle me for a while.

In relation to things, I should be more careful and thrifty.

K. Leonhard identified 4 types of character accentuation: demonstrative, pedantic, stuck, excitable.

Types of accentuation:

1. Demonstrative type

Characterized by an increased ability to repress, demonstrative behavior, liveliness, mobility, and ease of establishing contacts. He is prone to fantasy, deceit and pretense, aimed at embellishing his person, to adventurism, artistry, and posturing. He is driven by the desire for leadership, the need for recognition, the thirst for constant attention to his person, the thirst for power, praise; the prospect of being undetected weighs him down. He demonstrates high adaptability to people, emotional lability (easy mood swings) in the absence of truly deep feelings, and a tendency to intrigue (with an outwardly soft manner of communication). There is boundless egocentrism, a thirst for admiration, sympathy, veneration, and surprise. Usually the praise of others in his presence causes him a particularly unpleasant feeling; he cannot stand it. The desire of a company is usually associated with the need to feel like a leader, to occupy an exceptional position. Self-esteem is very far from objectivity. He can irritate with his self-confidence and high claims; he systematically provokes conflicts, but at the same time actively defends himself. Possessing a pathological ability to repress, he can completely forget what he does not want to know about. This unchains him in his lies. Usually he lies with an innocent face, because what he says is true for him at the moment; Apparently, he is not internally aware of his lie, or he is aware of it very shallowly, without noticeable remorse. Able to captivate others with his originality of thinking and actions.

2. Stuck type

He is characterized by moderate sociability, tediousness, a penchant for moralizing, and taciturnity. Often suffers from imaginary injustice towards him. In this regard, he shows wariness and distrust towards people, is sensitive to insults and grief, is vulnerable, suspicious, vindictive, worries about what happened for a long time, and is not able to easily move on from insults. He is characterized by arrogance and often initiates conflicts. Arrogance, rigidity of attitudes and views, and highly developed ambition often lead to persistent assertion of his interests, which he defends with particular vigor. He strives to achieve high results in any business he undertakes and shows great persistence in achieving his goals. The main feature is a tendency to affect (love of truth, resentment, jealousy, suspicion), inertia in the manifestation of affects, in thinking, in motor skills.

3. Pedantic type

It is characterized by rigidity, inertia of mental processes, heaviness to rise, and long experience of traumatic events. He rarely enters into conflicts, acting as a passive rather than an active party. At the same time, he reacts very strongly to any manifestation of disorder. At work he behaves like a bureaucrat, making many formal demands on others. Punctual, neat, pays special attention to cleanliness and order, scrupulous, conscientious, inclined to strictly follow the plan, unhurried in carrying out actions, diligent, focused on high quality work and special accuracy, prone to frequent self-examinations, doubts about the correctness of the work performed, grumbling, formalism . Willingly cedes leadership to other people.

4. Excitable type

Insufficient controllability, weakening of control over drives and impulses are combined in people of this type with the power of physiological drives. He is characterized by increased impulsiveness, instinctiveness, rudeness, tediousness, sullenness, anger, a tendency to rudeness and abuse, to friction and conflicts, in which he himself is an active, provoking party. Irritable, quick-tempered, often changes jobs, and is difficult to get along with in a team. There is low contact in communication, slowness of verbal and non-verbal reactions, heaviness of actions. For him, no work becomes attractive, he works only when necessary, and shows the same reluctance to learn. Indifferent to the future, he lives entirely in the present, wanting to extract a lot of entertainment from it. Increased impulsiveness or the resulting arousal reaction is difficult to suppress and can be dangerous to others. He can be domineering, choosing the weakest for communication.

After taking Shmishek’s questionnaire, I found out that I have an excitable type of character accentuation.

I partly agree with the description of this type; I really am sometimes too impulsive, irritable and hot-tempered. I live in the present, trying to get maximum pleasure from what is happening to me at the moment. However, I believe that I have no tendency towards rudeness and conflict, and I am also very sociable.

Capabilities

Ability in psychology is considered as a special property of a psychological functional system, expressed in a certain level of its productivity. Quantitative parameters of system productivity: accuracy, reliability (stability), speed of operation. Abilities are measured by solving problems of a certain level of difficulty, resolving situations, etc.

The level of abilities is determined by the degree of resolution of contradictions between the properties of an individual and the relationships of the individual. The best option is when you have abilities in any field of activity and an interest in doing it.

Abilities are divided into general and special. General abilities can predetermine a tendency to a fairly wide range of activities; they are formed by the development of intelligence and personality traits. General abilities include: readiness to work, the need to work, diligence and high efficiency; character traits - attentiveness, composure, focus, observation, development of creative thinking, mental flexibility, ability to navigate in difficult situations, adaptability, high productivity of mental activity.

General ability acts as a socio-psychological basis for the development of special abilities for a certain type of activity: musical, research, teaching, etc.

I really want to develop a greater work ethic than what I have now, this would help me become more successful in my studies, and in the future, in my work.

I am lucky that I am quite attentive and collected, and I also have well-developed creative thinking. Although, perhaps I lack a little sense of purpose in accomplishing the tasks I have set for myself.

It turns out very fortunately that in my case my creative abilities coincide with my interest in this area.

Focus

The basis of a person’s orientation is the motivation of his activities, behavior, and satisfaction of needs. Focus can be on the task, on communication, on oneself. One person can satisfy only physiological needs and ensure the security of existence. For others, in addition to these needs, it is very important to satisfy social needs and the needs for self-expression and the realization of creative abilities. The task of a psychologist is to identify the needs, interests, beliefs of each individual and determine the specific direction of her motives.

I try to develop all kinds of directions in myself, but it happens that I focus on one thing, forgetting about others. At the moment, I am completely absorbed in my studies, I have set myself a certain number of tasks that I need to complete, in addition to studying, I spend the remaining free time with my close friends and family.

Intelligence

The famous Soviet psychologist S.L. Rubinstein considered intelligence as a type of human behavior - “smart behavior”. The core of intelligence is a person’s ability to identify essential properties in a situation and bring his behavior into line with them. Intelligence is a system of mental processes that ensure the implementation of a person’s ability to assess a situation, make a decision and, in accordance with this, regulate his behavior.

Intelligence is especially important in non-standard situations - as a symbol of a person’s learning everything new.

The French psychologist J. Piaget considered one of the most important functions of intelligence to be interaction with the environment through adaptation to it, that is, the ability to navigate conditions and structure one’s behavior accordingly. Adaptation can be of two types: assimilation - adapting a situation through changing conditions to a person, his individual style of mental activity, and accommodation - adapting a person to a changing situation through a restructuring of his thinking style.

Intelligence can also be defined as the general ability to act expediently, think rationally, and function effectively in the environment.

The structure of intelligence depends on a number of factors: age, level of education, specifics of professional activity and individual characteristics.

In addition to cognitive intelligence, there is professional and social intelligence (the ability to solve problems of interpersonal relationships, find a rational way out of the current situation). It should be remembered that intelligence is cognition plus action. Therefore, it is necessary not only to develop all types of intelligence, but also to be able to implement rational decisions, show your intelligence both in words and in deeds, since only the result, specific actions determine the level of intelligence of an individual.

I try to develop all types of intelligence and believe that I manage to find the most rational ways to solve problems that sometimes arise.

Emotionality

Since the time of Plato, all mental life has been divided into three relatively independent entities: mind, will and feelings, or emotions.

The mind and will are to some extent subordinate to us, but emotions always arise and act independently of our will and desire. They reflect the personal significance and assessment of external and internal situations for a person’s life in the form of experiences. This is the subjectivity and involuntary nature of emotions.

The ability to manage emotions most often means the ability to hide them. It’s a shame, but pretends to be indifferent; it hurts, but it is hidden; It’s offensive, but outwardly there’s only irritation or anger. We may not show our emotions, but this does not weaken them, but more often they become even more painful or take on a defensive form of aggression. Managing emotions is simply necessary, firstly, for health, and secondly, out of ambition.

All emotional phenomena are divided into affects, emotions themselves, feelings, moods and stress states.

The most powerful emotional reaction is affect. It captures a person completely and subjugates his thoughts and actions. Affect is always situational, intense and relatively short-lived. It occurs as a result of some strong (objective or subjective) shock. Emotions themselves are a longer-term reaction that arises not only as a reaction to accomplished events, but mainly to anticipated or remembered ones. Emotions reflect an event in the form of a generalized subjective assessment. Feelings are stable emotional states that have a clearly defined objective character. These are relationships to specific events or people (possibly imaginary). Moods are long-term emotional states. This is the background against which all other mental processes take place. Mood reflects a general attitude of acceptance or non-acceptance of the world. The prevailing moods of a given person may be related to his temperament. Stress is a nonspecific reaction of the body in response to an unexpected and stressful situation. This is a physiological reaction, which is expressed in the mobilization of the body's reserve capabilities. The reaction is called nonspecific, since it occurs in response to any adverse effect - cold, fatigue, pain, humiliation, etc. Issues of stress management are discussed in specialized literature. There are other emotions that arise during communication.

I consider myself a very emotional and open person and in most situations I express my emotions openly. It’s quite difficult for me to hide my experiences from others, whether they are positive emotions or negative ones, one way or another they are reflected on my face. I don’t think that this is very bad, perhaps it’s easier to establish contact with others. Although when communicating with people who are unfavorably disposed towards you, such a quality, of course, is unlikely to be an advantage

Communication skills

Communication is an extremely subtle and delicate process of interaction between people. In communication, all participants in this process are revealed in the most diverse way. Communication has its own functions, means, types, types, channels, phases. The most obvious function of communication is the transmission of some information, some content and meaning. This is the semantic (notional) side of communication. This transmission affects a person’s behavior, actions and deeds, the state and organization of his inner world. In general, we can distinguish informational (obtaining information), cognitive, control and developmental functions of communication, the function of exchanging emotional and generally mental states. Means of communication can be verbal (speech in various forms) and non-verbal (pantomime, facial expressions, gestures, etc.).

Types of communication: communication between two (dialogue), communication in a small group, in a large group, with the masses, anonymous communication, intergroup communication. The listed types relate to direct communication.

Communication channels: visual, auditory, tactile (touch), somatosensory (feelings of your body).

Types of communication: functional-role (boss - subordinate, teacher - student, seller - buyer), interpersonal, business, rapport (communication with one-sided trust - the patient trusts).

Phases of communication: planning, making contact, concentrating, motivational sounding, maintaining attention, argumentation, recording the result, completing communication.

It seems to me that I am a sociable person, I need communication with loved ones like air; when communicating, I exchange energy with my interlocutor, and receive new emotions. I also use non-verbal communication, using facial expressions and gestures when I am overwhelmed with emotions.

As for the types of communication, I feel most comfortable alone with an interlocutor or in a small group; such communication gives me more pleasure than communicating with a large number of people at the same time.

Self-esteem

Based on self-knowledge, a person develops a certain emotional and value-based attitude towards himself, which is expressed in self-esteem. Self-esteem involves assessing your abilities, psychological qualities and actions, your life goals and opportunities to achieve them, as well as your place among other people.

Self-esteem can be underestimated, overestimated and adequate (normal).

I determined the level of my self-esteem using a scale of personal qualities, I distributed the proposed qualities into 2 columns, in the first - the qualities that my ideal has, in the second - the qualities of the anti-ideal. After that, from both columns I highlighted the qualities inherent in me. The key to the test is the ratio of the inherent qualities in each column to the number of qualities in that column. Ideally, with adequate self-esteem, this ratio should be approximately 1:2

Here are the qualities I chose:

Qualities that an IDEAL should have	ANTIIDEAL
1. Accuracy	Sloppiness
2. Cheerfulness	Envy
3. Restraint	Nervousness
4. Tenderness	Suspicion
5. Integrity	Carelessness
6. Responsiveness	Pride
7. Passion	Grudge
8. Caring	Touchiness
9. Sincerity	Slowness
10. Persistence	Shyness
11. Caution	Indecisiveness

The ratio in the column with positive qualities is 1:2, which indicates normal self-esteem

In the second column, out of 10 negative qualities, I chose 6 that are characteristic of me, this indicates a slightly low self-esteem (or my self-criticism?!)

I believe that I have normal self-esteem, that I adequately assess the strengths and weaknesses of my character, and also try to deal with my negative traits... and I have quite a few of them... I need to become more organized, punctual and more committed to doing the promises I made.

Conclusion

I got great pleasure from writing this course work, describing my character, taking tests - almost all of their results turned out to be, in my opinion, truthful and truly reflect the main traits of my character. But most of all I remember the test for accentuation of temperament, i.e. to identify overly expressed individual personality traits. As a result of passing this questionnaire (Shmishek’s questionnaire), according to the highest indicators of accentuation, I received 4 types: Hyperthymic, Exalted, Emotive and Cyclothymic.

Hyperthymic type

People of this type are distinguished by great mobility, sociability, talkativeness, expressiveness of gestures, facial expressions, pantomimes, excessive independence, a tendency to mischief, and a lack of a sense of distance in relationships with others. They often spontaneously deviate from the original topic of conversation. They make a lot of noise everywhere, love the company of their peers, and strive to boss them around. They almost always have a very good mood, good health, high vitality, often a flourishing appearance, good appetite, healthy sleep, a tendency towards gluttony and other joys of life. These are people with high self-esteem, cheerful, frivolous, superficial and at the same time businesslike, inventive, brilliant interlocutors; people who know how to entertain others, energetic, active, proactive. A great desire for independence can be a source of conflict. They are characterized by outbursts of anger and irritation, especially when they encounter strong opposition and fail. They are prone to immoral acts, increased irritability, and projectism. They do not take their responsibilities seriously enough. They find it difficult to endure the conditions of strict discipline, monotonous activity, and forced loneliness.

Exalted type

A striking feature of this type is the ability to admire, admire, as well as smiling, a feeling of happiness, joy, and pleasure. These feelings can often arise in them for a reason that does not cause much excitement in others; they easily become delighted with joyful events and in complete despair - with sad ones. They are characterized by high contact, talkativeness, and amorousness. Such people often argue, but do not lead to open conflicts. In conflict situations, they are both active and passive parties. They are attached to friends and loved ones, altruistic, have a sense of compassion, good taste, and show brightness and sincerity of feelings. They can be alarmists, subject to momentary moods, impulsive, easily move from a state of delight to a state of sadness, and have mental lability.

Emotive type

This type is related to the exalted one, but its manifestations are not so violent. They are characterized by emotionality, sensitivity, anxiety, talkativeness, timidity, and deep reactions in the area of subtle feelings. Their most strongly expressed feature is humanity, empathy for other people or animals, responsiveness, kindness, they rejoice at the successes of others. They are impressionable, tearful, and take any life events more seriously than other people. Teenagers react sharply to scenes from films where someone is in danger; scenes of violence can cause them a strong shock that will not be forgotten for a long time and can disturb their sleep. They rarely enter into conflicts; they carry grievances within themselves without spilling them out. They are characterized by a heightened sense of duty and diligence. They take care of nature, love to grow plants and care for animals.

Cyclothymic type

Characterized by alternating hyperthymic and dysthymic states. They are characterized by frequent periodic mood swings, as well as dependence on external events. Joyful events cause pictures of hyperthymia in them: thirst for activity, increased talkativeness, racing ideas; sad ones - depression, slowness of reactions and thinking, their manner of communication with people around them also often changes.

In adolescence, two variants of cyclothymic accentuation can be found: typical and labile cycloids. Typical cycloids in childhood usually give the impression of being hyperthymic, but then lethargy and loss of strength appear; what was previously easy, now requires exorbitant effort. Previously noisy and lively, they become lethargic homebodies, there is a decrease in appetite, insomnia or, conversely, drowsiness. They react to comments with irritation, even rudeness and anger, in the depths of their souls, however, at the same time falling into despondency, deep depression, suicidal attempts are not excluded. They study unevenly, make up for any omissions with difficulty, and create in themselves an aversion to studying. In labile cycloids, the phases of mood changes are usually shorter than in typical cycloids. Bad days are marked by more bad mood than lethargy. During the period of recovery, the desire to have friends and be in company is expressed. Mood affects self-esteem.

In my opinion, the descriptions of these 4 types most fully reflect almost all the traits that are characteristic of me.

Despite all the work done, I did not learn anything new about myself and my mental traits; I knew all this before, but I systematized all the information and checked it again using tests and questionnaires. Such a “revision” of my inherent qualities reminded me anew of my shortcomings and served as an incentive for a new stage in the struggle against them.

At this point I will probably finish drawing up my psychological portrait and will continue to work on myself in order to be happy and successful.

Posted on Allbest.ru

Drawing up a psychological portrait

A psychological portrait is a personality described in psychological terms. In practical psychology, drawing up a psychological portrait may be required in a number of situations, for example:

The facts presented in a psychological portrait may have varying degrees of reliability. First, it is better to describe reliable facts (which, at least for a psychologist, do not raise doubts).

What psychological concepts can you rely on when drawing up a portrait? All these concepts (or parameters) can be divided into four categories (although this division is quite arbitrary):

Man as an individual is something that is quite closely related to natural characteristics:

- age,

– constitution,

– temperament,

– diseases and pathologies,

– emotional orientation, etc.

In general, we do this with all parameters: we not only state, but also pay attention to characteristic deviations, individual uniqueness, creatively connecting them together.

A person as a person is something that influences, that is connected with the interpersonal communication of this person, his social role:

– interests,

– inclinations,

– character (attitude to certain aspects of existence),

– sociability,

– sincerity,

– conflict,

– loyalty,

– participation in certain social groups,

– preferred social roles,

– leadership qualities, etc.

A person as a subject (of activity) is those qualities that influence activities (educational, work, play and others):

– intellectual abilities,

– rationality (reason, reasonableness),

– creative abilities,

– other abilities,

- strong-willed characteristics,

- habitual ways of making decisions,

– motivation and self-motivation,

- attention,

– features of thinking,

– features of speech,

- imagination and imagination

– communicative competence,

– professional experience,

– professional plans and prospects,

– other general and professional competencies, etc.

A person as an individual – all other qualities that do not fall into other categories:

– self-concept and self-esteem,

– level of self-control,

- personal biography,

– characteristic behavioral features,

– characteristic features of the picture of the world,

– prejudices,

– beliefs and values,

– life strategy and current goals,

– intrapersonal conflicts,

– complexes (a jumble of ideas),

– personal achievements, etc.

Sometimes you come across “tests” on the Internet that give a misleading idea of a person’s personality (“click on 5 pictures and get the result”). Of course, this is a pseudo-result that won’t tell you anything, because drawing up a psychological portrait is work, and it’s long work, but it’s really interesting and fruitful. A psychological portrait will immediately clarify a lot about a person (even if you draw it up to yourself).

Therefore, if you want to create your psychological portrait, then I offer you this guide from a series of questions below. You can create both your psychological portrait and the psychological portrait of another person who interests you. All you need for this is an hour or an hour and a half of time, several sheets of paper and a pen. If you want your psychological portrait to be subsequently analyzed by a psychologist, I recommend immediately writing down the answers in a text file on your computer, then you can send them to me (keep in mind that analyzing the psychological portrait will already cost you money).

I ask you questions in an impersonal form and in the third person (“what does a person believe?”). If you write to yourself, then simply address these questions to yourself, for example: “what do I believe in?” Answer questions only honestly and after thinking carefully.

So let's get started!

Psychological portrait:

1) Temperament, in proportions (sanguine, phlegmatic, melancholic, choleric)

2) Picture of the world. How a person sees the world, sees people, sees himself and his role in the world. What does a person believe? What are your beliefs and principles? What prejudices and doubts are there?

3) Personality archetype. Identification. Who does a person associate himself with, who does he classify himself as, who would he like to be (or appear to be)? (Hint: Key male archetypes: victim, outcast, adventurer (soldier of fortune), hero, winner. Key female archetypes: girl, mistress, lover (temptress), queen, mother, Amazon.)

4) What psychological roles does a person play? (there can be dozens of roles. Hint: victim, hero, simpleton, entertainer, poster, girl, teacher, guru, etc.)

5) Time. Relationships with the past, present and future - what are they? (Positive, negative, neutral, great, spoiled).

6) Positive habits. Negative habits (preferably in their chronological development)

7) Character. What is in the core of personality, what is on the periphery? The pyramid (hierarchy) of human values, what was once in first place, what is now in first place in importance? Break the hierarchy of values from top to bottom (in the form of a triangle, i.e. a “pyramid of values”) into 5-10 levels of importance; what will now be in the top positions for this person? At the same time, you can make a list of the 10 most significant people in your life, but this is a parallel task.

8) What kind of person is he really like and how does he want to appear in society? How big is the gap?

9) The main intrapersonal conflicts of a person. Complexes. Psychological pain points. Where, how, under what circumstances do these intrapersonal conflicts manifest themselves? Why?

10) What does a person depend on or can depend on? What can't you refuse? Dependency conflicts. Assertiveness - from 0 to 10 points (i.e. the ability not to depend on external assessments and influences, independence). How can uncertainty manifest itself?

11) Self-esteem conflict. To what extent is it present and how does it manifest itself? How is a person compensated, by what?

12) What goals are relevant? Which ones are secondary? Are the true goals different from the stated ones? What are the usual ways to achieve goals? Novelty and conservatism. How does a person perceive new information, how quickly does he implement it into his activities, how ready and open is he to any changes?

13) Speed (speed) of psychological metabolism. How does a person experience emotions (intensely, slowly, quickly, weakly, etc.) Dominant channel of perception of information on psychological metabolism: kinesthetic, auditory, visual, digital? On a scale from 1 to 10.

14) Touchiness (on a scale from 1 to 10). Does resentment often appear? How quickly does a person get out of a state of resentment? How does this usually happen? How does a person usually experience an insult? Criticism. How does a person criticize? Criticism of an act or criticism of a personality?

15) Habitual ways of making decisions. How does this happen?

16) Motivation and self-motivation. What motivates? Where does a person see himself in 1, 3, 5, 10 years?

17) Conflict situations. How does a person behave in conflict situations? How common are they?

18) Emotional profile. Type of open emotionality or type of closed emotionality? Which events (words, emotions) will emotionally touch a person, which will not? What is the “average” emotional state? What emotional experiences are typically typical? Additionally, describe the person with 10-20 adjectives, the first that come to your mind, for example: “cheerful, calm, suspicious, anxious, tense, offended, closed, apathetic, caring, careless, angry, soft, irritated, smiling, emotionally unstable, constrained , thoughtful, sensitive, accepting, etc.” (these are just examples).

19) Human values. Basic personal qualities and values of a person.

20) Individual characteristics of behavior and thinking. What can be the prognosis for behavior in special, significant situations?

21) Truth and lies. Habitual strategies of lying and hiding information. How can a person deceive others or you?

22) Strategies for maintaining personal and professional relationships

23) Fears. What is a person afraid of? Superficially (declaredly) and at a deep level?

24) Psychological “buttons” of pleasure. What gives a person pleasure, and how exactly? Strategies for obtaining pleasure, how are requests formed? What is a person proud of (superficially and deeply)? Types of compliments that are acceptable and meaningful to a person?

25) Relationships in a team (any). Human loyalty to the system. How can risk factors affect a person and their decision making?

26) Avoidance tactics and leaving any system (work team, family, friendships). What can make a person leave a system? How to avoid this?

27) Habitual ways of solving problems.

28) Prospects for a person (including in his professional activities). Are there scripted moments in a person’s life, that is, repeated, reproducible ones (the same conflicts at work or the same problems in different relationships)?

29) Health. Strengths, weaknesses.

30) Finance, career, education. Relationships with the team (role in the team, group).

31) Empathy (ability to empathize), humor. The degree of human sensitivity. How does a person show emotions? Laughter, tears - what can cause?

32) Aggression. How does a person show it? How does a person form claims, and why? How do you usually express them? Passive aggression or active aggression? How long can he stay in the conflict zone? What psychological benefits can he derive from conflict?

33) Sex and eros. What does a person like? What type of eros is closer to a person, what sexual rituals exist, i.e. rituals of courtship, seduction. What captivates a person? Type of sexuality. Groups of sexual fetishes (bodily (pleasant smell, etc.) and non-corporeal (lingerie, etc.). Sexual appetite (hyper-, high, normal, reduced, absent, no data).

34) Discourse. Description of speech. Voice tone. Written discourse. Conflict in communication - what can it be expressed in? Does a person know how to listen and how does he do it? Psycholinguistic norm (how much a person speaks on average per day) and characteristics of speech.

35) Behavioral changes over the past 5-10 years. How does a person feel about his age and time, body, personal prospects? What could cause these changes?

36) The choice paradigm. How does a person choose? Speed, quality of choice. (I choose this because it is more beautiful, more prestigious, cheaper, more reliable, etc.)

37) Relationships with others. How important is the opinion of others about a person? Status - what does it mean for a person?

38) The core of self-esteem, how is it expressed? Basic values in a person’s self-characterization.

39) Typical methods of communication with the environment. How does a person build contacts, how quickly, how intensively? Can a person make friends? Does he know how to love and express his feelings? How strong or weak are these skills?

40) Appearance. Strengths, weaknesses. Body perception. What does a person like or dislike regarding physicality or appearance?

Note. If you are writing a psychological portrait of yourself, then I hope you will be objective. When writing a psychological portrait of another person, also try to be objective, because many assessments may turn out to be subjective. For example, in paragraph 18, when you describe a person’s personality through synonomic series, situational confusion may arise: you can define a person as indifferent (although he is now indifferent to you personally), but he himself has a very passionate nature (or he is passionate about someone or something else), if you in a quarrel, you can subjectively incorrectly attribute to this person anger, emotional dullness, or some negative qualities that are unusual for him. Don't be subjective, be as objective and honest as possible in your assessments.

By making a psychological portrait (of yourself or another person), you can discover many interesting things and find answers to many questions that concern you. If you would like to order a detailed analysis of a psychological portrait from me personally, this service will cost you 50 euros; I will analyze the psychological portrait you compiled in one psychological session. To order, write either to the website or to my email, [email protected]

Ilya Vasiliev

Federal Agency for Education

St. Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering

Department of Practical Psychology

Psychological portrait of personality

Completed by student 14-S-1

Khvorostinskaya K.A.

Supervisor:

Introduction………………………………………………………………………………….…………..3

The concept of a psychological portrait of a personality………………………………………………………...…4

What does a psychological portrait of a person’s personality consist of…………………….….5

Drawing up a psychological portrait……………………………………………………….…6

List of references……………………………………………………………….10

Introduction

To the question of what personality is, different experts answer differently. It is in the diversity of their answers, and, consequently, in the divergence of opinions on this matter, that the complexity of the personality phenomenon itself is revealed.

Almost all theories of personality are based on the assumption that personality as a socio-psychological phenomenon is a vitally stable formation in its basic manifestations. The stability of a person characterizes the sequence of her actions and the predictability of her behavior, giving her actions a natural character.

The concept of “personality” usually includes such properties that are more or less stable and indicate a person’s individuality, determining his actions that are significant for people. A sense of personal stability is an important condition for a person’s internal well-being and the establishment of normal relationships with other people. If personality were not relatively stable in some significant manifestations for communicating with people, then it would be difficult for people to interact with each other, to achieve mutual understanding: after all, every time they would be forced to adapt to the person anew, and would be unable predict his behavior.

Based on these premises, it became possible to describe the main personality traits and draw up a psychological portrait of a person. And this, in turn, opens up opportunities for its systematic research, studying the manifestations of behavior in various life situations, and conducting psycho-correctional work when such a need arises.

The concept of a psychological portrait of a personality

Approaches to personality structure in different theories are different. In S. Freud's theory, these are the unconscious, consciousness, and superconscious. In social learning theory, these are abilities, cognitive strategies, expectations, values, and behavioral plans. Some theories deny the existence of a stable personality structure. Most researchers studying this phenomenon include in the personality structure: abilities, temperament, character, volitional qualities, emotions, motivations, social attitudes.

Abilities are understood as individually stable properties of a person that determine his success in various activities. Temperament includes qualities that influence a person's reactions to other people and social circumstances. Character contains qualities that determine a person’s actions towards other people. Volitional qualities cover several special personal properties that influence a person’s desire to achieve his goals. Emotions and motivation are, respectively, experiences and motivations for activity, and social attitudes are people’s beliefs and attitudes. These concepts are relatively constant in humans and, taken together, represent a psychological portrait of the individual.

Some researchers (Kudryashova S.V., Yunina E.A.) offer a slightly different idea of the psychological portrait of a person.

They include:

1) socio-demographic characteristics (gender, age, education, occupation);

2) socio-psychological characteristics (needs, motives, attitudes towards others, levels of understanding);

3) individual-personal (attention, memory, type of thinking, psychosomatic type or temperament).

Let's consider the psychological portrait of a personality using a specific example.

What does a psychological portrait of a person’s personality consist of?

1. Temperament

Observing other people, how they work, study, communicate, experience joy and sorrow, we undoubtedly pay attention to the differences in their behavior.

Some are fast, impetuous, mobile, prone to violent emotional reactions, others are slow, calm, imperturbable, with imperceptibly expressed feelings, etc. The reason for such differences lies in a person’s temperament, inherent in him from birth.

2. Character (accentuation of character)

In the character structure, there are 4 groups of traits that express the individual’s attitude towards a certain aspect of activity:

to work (for example, hard work, a penchant for creativity, conscientiousness in work, responsibility, initiative, perseverance and the opposite traits - laziness, a tendency to routine work, irresponsibility, passivity);

to other people, the team, society (for example, sociability, sensitivity, responsiveness, respect, collectivism and their opposites - isolation, callousness, callousness, rudeness, contempt, individualism);

to oneself (for example, self-esteem, correctly understood pride and the associated self-criticism, modesty and their opposite - conceit, sometimes turning into vanity, arrogance, resentment, egocentrism, selfishness);

Drawing up a psychological portrait

I myself will act as the test subject.

Ksenia, 18 years old. I have a secondary education and am currently receiving higher education at St. Petersburg State University of Civil Engineering, majoring in construction. The psychological portrait was compiled on the basis of testing with Cattell’s 16-factor personality questionnaire.

I am short and have a normal build. Has the ability for prolonged physical exertion. I like to walk at a leisurely, measured pace. Movements are well coordinated, fast and accurate.

Facial expressions can be called somewhat monotonous, but at the same time quite expressive, always corresponding to experiences. I have a relaxed smile. Gesticulation, like other movements, is more expressive and more animated than facial expressions. All movements are very simple and natural. I like to put my hand down, beat the beat with a short movement of the hand, and tug at my hair. When it comes to business, I often diligently suppress my mental and emotional manifestations.

I speak quietly, rather drawlingly, except in critical moments. My voice is high-pitched, which is something that other people often notice and are surprised by such a “childish” voice.

As a child, I studied ballet, then went to art school, combining it with football, but after an injury I temporarily stopped. Currently I continue to play football. I enjoy performing both as a spectator and as a player.

I don’t strive for solitude; I feel quite calm in noisy companies. Quite secretive - I prefer not to openly express my thoughts and not show my feelings. I speak warmly about my friends, although their circle has narrowed.

According to the data obtained as a result of testing using the Cattell method, Alexander B. has the following character traits, the most developed in his personality structure: asceticism, nobility, conservatism, isolation, organization, practicality, integrity, rationalism, self-sufficiency, restraint, cooperation, patience, dedication, honesty.

The character is close to phlegmatic, although the ratios are very conservative

“A phlegmatic person can be unmistakably distinguished in a crowd of people. The traits of this personality type can be described as seriousness and restraint. He always tries to avoid disputes, quarrels and scandals. Therefore, in most conflict situations, he will agree with all the arguments just to get out of the difficult situation. At the same time, he will remain calm and balanced, without showing any strong emotions, agreement or disagreement.

He will not make rash and hasty decisions, as he is characterized by restraint, thoughtfulness and prudence. Therefore, he will “take a break” and carefully consider this or that action. A phlegmatic person is not characterized by attacks of rage or aggression; he always remains unperturbed. To do this, he does not need to make any effort on himself, since he has emotional balance by nature.

If he quarrels with someone, he is inclined to be the first to make contact and quickly establish relations with the other party, since he does not like changes and separations in life. In an unfamiliar situation or in a new team, a phlegmatic person needs a lot of time to adapt, make friends and take a closer look at the people around him.”

Positive trends

According to the tests I have taken, I have a rational and practical mind. Calm and reserved in most cases. I like to think and make plans about my future life.

According to friends: Ksenia is not petty, open and simple-minded. Often shows nobility in responsible and difficult life situations, shows a firm grip in business. Correct, stable and stable. She is active and adventurous, and gives the impression of being an independent thinker.

She has adequate self-esteem, this is expressed in a feeling of self-confidence, the presence of self-determination, an inner core. In behavior, this is manifested in activity, the desire to expand the field of one’s activities. She is quite independent in her views and desires.

In my relationships with others, I am dominated by the motive of cooperation and rationalism. If necessary, I am happy to help my friends. I am caring towards those closest to me, I know how to convince of the validity of my actions and actions.

Based on the type of temperament, I am persistent and persistent, I rarely lose my temper, I am not prone to emotions, having calculated my strengths, I see things through to the end, I am even in relationships, I am moderately sociable, I do not like to chat in vain.

Negative trends

Based on data on an addiction to risky games and entertainment in childhood, and a reluctance to take part in team games, we can conclude that with a commitment to freedom in choosing activities, there is no need to cooperate with other people when it comes to hobbies and activities not related to career.

It is very important to me to receive precise and comprehensive instructions. In a situation of unpredictable developments in the future, as well as if a lot of unplanned things have fallen on my head, I can easily become stressed.

The desire to sacrifice oneself for the sake of others, but precisely when it is not only unnecessary, but, on the contrary, can cause harm.

It is difficult to create a trusting and emotionally warm atmosphere in communication when it comes to relationships. I give the impression of being a reserved person.

References

1. Gippenreiter Yu.B. Introduction to general psychology. Course of lectures. / Personality and its formation. – M., Nauka, 1988. – Pp. 281-310.

2. Kudryashova S.V. Yunina E.A. Psychology: educational and methodological materials for independent work of students: Part 1, 2. – Perm: PRIPIT Publishing House, 2002. – 258 p.

3. Meili R. Factor analysis of personality. // Psychology of individual differences: Texts. – M. Nauka, 1982. – 407 p.

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