Diabetes mellitus refers to diseases of the endocrine nature. This disease is characterized by a disorder of metabolic processes, as a result of which carbohydrates entering the body are not broken down in the usual way.

So there is an increase in the concentration of glucose in the blood, which can reach alarming values.

There are two types of diabetes:

• 1st - insulin-dependent;
• 2nd - insulin-independent.

What treatment is required for type 2 diabetes

Therapy for type 2 diabetes consists of several steps:

1. organization of the right diet;
2. scheduling moderate physical activity;
3. taking pharmaceutical hypoglycemic drugs;
4. prevention or early treatment of complications of comorbidities and diabetes;
5. training in self-monitoring of glycemia.

Drug treatment is leading in attempts to get rid of type 2 diabetes. At the first stage of therapy, the patient must change his lifestyle, according to the use of metformin.

If the patient has contraindications for this drug, sulfonylurea derivatives are used. With severe decompensation, it is initially recommended to prescribe insulin, and then transfer to hypoglycemic oral therapy is possible.

With ineffective monotherapy of diabetes mellitus, a second stage of treatment is appropriate, in which a combination of drugs is prescribed. Combination therapy is a combination of drugs with different mechanisms of hypoglycemic action.

In this therapy, the use of basal insulin is appropriate. The drugs are administered at short intervals until the desired glucose concentration is established.

The expediency of treatment with insulin in diabetes mellitus is determined by the following points:

• lack of positive dynamics from diet therapy and a high dose of other drugs that reduce sugar;
• ketoacidosis;
• intolerance or contraindications to the appointment of hypoglycemic oral drugs;
• exacerbation of chronic and acute diseases;
• surgical intervention;
• pregnancy, in which insulin is prescribed temporarily and then a return to treatment with oral hypoglycemic drugs is possible;
• temporary transfer to insulin therapy).

The dosage of insulin is prescribed individually. A gradual increase in doses is possible until individual glycemic targets are achieved.

As with type 1 diabetes, here the effectiveness of therapy is assessed, rather, by the concentration of sugar in the blood, which patients can independently determine at home.

Accompanying illnesses

1. . With this disease, all types of nerve fibers (vegetative, motor, sensory) are affected, which develops as a result of metabolic disorders.
2. Viral infections (chicken pox, mumps, measles, rubella) in the presence of a hereditary predisposition are presented as a provoking factor in metabolic disorders.
3. Diabetic nephropathy is a common lesion of the arteries, glomeruli, arterioles, and renal tubules.
4. , which develops with a protracted and inadequately controlled course of the disease. This pathology leads to a decrease in visual acuity.
5. Ketoacidotic coma is a complication of diabetes, accompanied by profound disturbances of homeostasis and dysfunction of all organs and systems.

How to get rid of type 2 diabetes at home

Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is mostly treated at home. But first, the patient is placed in a hospital for a thorough examination and appointment of a therapeutic course.

However, throughout the illness, the patient should be monitored by an endocrinologist. There are factors that may force a doctor to place a patient in a hospital:

• severe form of ketoacidosis or coma (hypoglycemic, hyperosmolar, ketoacidotic);
• severe decompensation of carbohydrate metabolism, requiring a switch to insulin therapy;
• development of vascular complications;
• patient education in the school of diabetes, which takes place in a day hospital.

Important! Drug therapy will not work if the diabetic patient does not follow a strict diet. In type 2 diabetes, the diet should be aimed at getting rid of extra pounds and at preventing a diabetic who can develop after eating.

Well-established physical activity has a beneficial effect on improving the body's sensitivity to insulin, which leads to the normalization of carbohydrate metabolism.

Drugs for the treatment of type 2 diabetes
1st generation oral antidiabetic drugs:

• Chlorpropamide.
• Tolazamide (tolinase).
• Tolbutamide (butamide).

2nd generation oral antidiabetic drugs:

1. Glipizide.
2. Nateglinide (glibenclamide).

Analogues

Metformin

It is prescribed 500-850 mg / day in 2-3 doses. The drug is needed to overcome insulin resistance or increase efficiency. Metformin is contraindicated in:

• high probability of developing renal failure or lactic acidosis;
• myocardial infarction;
• surgical operations;
• the use of radiopaque agents;
• hypoxia;
• pancreatitis.

With great care, Metformin is prescribed:

1. with heart failure;
2. elderly patients;
3. with alcoholism;
4. in combination with tetracyclines.

Acarbose

In 3 oral doses of 25-100 mg per day immediately before meals. This is necessary to prevent developing postprandial hyperglycemia.

Acarbose is contraindicated in:

• ulcerative colitis;
• renal failure;
• partial intestinal obstruction;
• inflammatory bowel diseases.

Type 2 diabetes and traditional medicine

Any use of folk remedies should be agreed with the doctor. In no case should you self-medicate diabetes.

The main method of therapy and prevention of the disease is drug treatment, and alternative medicine can only go in parallel with it.

The same applies to diet and exercise, without medication, it is impossible to get rid of the complications of diabetes. Usually, folk remedies are used to normalize blood glucose levels.

Bay leaf infusion

• Pour 10 bay leaves with boiling water in an amount of 250 ml.
• Insist for 2-3 hours.
• Strain the cooled infusion through cheesecloth and divide into three equal parts.

This drink should be taken 30 minutes before meals.

Milk with horseradish

1. First you need to prepare homemade sour (milk is fermented at room temperature).
2. Grate horseradish on a fine grater and add 1 tbsp. spoon into the resulting drink.
3. Mix well and refrigerate for 6-8 hours.

Take 30 minutes before meals 3 times a day for 1 tbsp. spoon.

Currant

• You need to take 1 tbsp. a spoonful of dry chopped currant leaves (you can add a little bit of berries for taste).
• Pour a glass of boiling water and leave for 30 minutes.
• Strain the infusion.

This decoction should be taken 4-5 times a day for ½ cup, regardless of food.

Type 2 diabetes and pregnancy

With diabetes, pregnancy is, of course, possible, but a woman must be constantly monitored by a doctor. This is due to the fact that a woman with diabetes has an increased risk of complications during pregnancy and delivery.

Here are the complications that most often occur when carrying a child in a woman with type 2 diabetes:

• late toxicosis.
• Risk of miscarriage.
• Complications of the kidneys.

Type 2 diabetes in 25% of cases is inherited (if only one parent has the disease). Because glucose crosses the placenta quickly, babies born to diabetic women are born with a high birth weight, but they may be immature.

Important! A woman suffering from diabetes during pregnancy should go to the hospital at least 3 times for examination.

Hospitalization is also necessary at an early stage to resolve the issue of the advisability of maintaining pregnancy, since with diabetes there are a number of contraindications for bearing a fetus:

• resistance to insulin therapy;
• vascular complications;
• husband has diabetes.

During the first hospitalization, drug therapy and diet are corrected. During pregnancy, you should not take antidiabetic drugs to reduce sugar in tablets. They can provoke malformations in the unborn child.

Hospitalization at 24 weeks is due to a worsening course of the disease, which is usually manifested by complications from the vessels of the lower extremities, the retina of the eyes. If the patient does not receive adequate treatment, she risks falling into a diabetic coma.

How to get rid of type 2 diabetes permanently

Do you know how dangerous diabetes is? That's right, all people, maybe even children, know what diabetes is, what its consequences and complications are, and they will say that diabetes is practically incurable.

Ask any doctor, and he will answer the same as everyone else. But I managed to cure my husband FOREVER from type 2 diabetes.

I would like to believe that not only I, but also a large number of people know, or have heard, about the unique properties of the tree - Japanese Sophora (not to be confused with sakura - Japanese cherry, a symbol of Japan). And I will tell you how I saved my husband from diabetes with the fruits of Japanese Sophora.

After suffering from nervous stress, my husband "acquired" type 2 diabetes and had it for more than 10 years. This is the stage when a person is completely dependent on a large number of pills taken. So he took them constantly, but the improvement was temporary.

There were days when elevated blood sugar levels provoked an increase in blood pressure. And the pressure increased - immediately the sugar in the blood also increased even more. From such a "chain reaction" we did not find a place for ourselves. Twice during this time, my husband was in a coma, I had to call an ambulance, which with difficulty brought him back to this world.

And then fate made a gift to our family. I don’t remember from whom, I heard about a tree - Japanese Sophora. I began to be interested in how to use it, and when I looked at the photo of Japanese Sophora, I literally had a shock. The fact is that in our city entire streets are lined with these trees.

Imagine, free medicine is growing on the street - and no one knows about it. But in the summer, when Sophora blooms, we admire its yellowish-white flowers and enjoy their aroma. And in autumn, sprawling branches-panicles hang on these trees, they have a lot of fruits, as if green fleshy green beans or lentils.

These fruits are filled with greenish-yellow juice. Everything on this tree has a medicinal property, and buds and flowers and fruits. Now I can sing praises and talk about the treatment with Japanese Sophora for a long time, but now I want to talk specifically about getting rid of type 2 diabetes.

I collected fleshy fruits in the last days of September (and always in dry sunny weather). They are amber-greenish in color with a grain inside, reminiscent of a rosary or bean, and each of the beans is separated by an intercept. I washed the sophora several times with cold boiled water, laid it out on an old tablecloth so that it would dry.

Then she cut each (we will call it) bean with scissors, certainly made of stainless steel. She often wiped the scissors with a napkin so that they did not have time to oxidize. She put the chopped fruits in a glass jar (three-liter) and poured it with alcohol diluted to 56%.

For example: if I made 1 kg of sophora, then I poured 1 liter of diluted alcohol up to 56 degrees, that is, how many fresh fruits, so much alcohol. One kilogram of sophora is enough for one year (for two courses). A jar of tincture must be kept in a dark cabinet for 12 days, shaking several times a day. After the expiration date, the tincture is ready. You have to strain it, filter it.

The finished tincture has a greenish-brownish color. It should be taken after meals, 3-4 times a day, immediately eating a piece of lemon. You need to start with 10 drops, each time add 1 drop. Thus, bring to a teaspoon, then 24 days, each time, drink 1 teaspoon. I must say right away that the tincture is completely non-toxic, it is well absorbed.

I gave my husband a tincture of Sophora japonica to drink 2 times a year: in spring and autumn. He drank it for 3 years. In the second year, he drank a dessert spoon at once, because the body had already adapted, and here is the result - he got rid of diabetes forever. But how many years he was registered in the clinic.

When the husband went to take the test again, the doctor could not believe his eyes, he forced him to take a blood test again. After 3 years, he was completely removed from the register. Then, for himself, once a year he took an analysis, but, thank God, everything was normal. Here is the Japanese Sophora!

Thanks to this miraculous tree, my husband got rid of type 2 diabetes forever. I have recommended this product to many family and friends. And how it helps!

With all my heart I hope it helps you too. Be healthy!

www.pohudejka.com

Is it possible to forget about sugar disease forever?

A disease such as diabetes affects more and more people every year. The point is not only that a large number of people have a predisposition to this disease, but also in additional factors that adversely affect the body.

Anyone can get sick, it all depends on the type of diabetes. The first thing a person thinks about after a diagnosis is “is this disease treated?” Unfortunately, the prognosis is disappointing. It is far from always possible to completely cure the disease, but if you follow simple rules, you can live a normal life. In order to choose the right technique, you need to understand the causes of the disease.

Attention! Unfortunately, many people begin to think about their health after being diagnosed; instead, you can simply take preventive actions that will help you avoid illness.

Symptoms

The most common symptoms of diabetes are:

• increased appetite;
• feeling of dryness in the mouth;
• profuse urination;
• urine with a high sugar content;
• a sharp change in body weight;
• skin itching;
• fungal infections;
• women have frequent infections in the vaginal area;
• the appearance of cramps in the calves;
• gagging;
• numbness of hands and feet.

Types and factors affecting the progression of the disease

Today there are 2 types of diabetes. In addition, there is the so-called secondary and type 3 - gestational. The latter type can only be diagnosed in pregnant girls.

Type 1 diabetes (insulin dependent). The cause of the disease lies in the fact that the pancreas produces little or no insulin at all. Congenital features of the body or past diseases can harm the immune system, which, in turn, begins to produce antibodies that destroy the pancreas.

Type 2 diabetes (non-insulin dependent). This disease begins to progress after the body ceases to perceive insulin, which is produced by the pancreas. It is produced in the required quantities, however, the cells of the body cease to absorb it. As a rule, this type of diabetes begins to develop in people older than 40 years. Among the main causes of the onset of the disease are:

• excess weight;
• high cholesterol;
• constant stress;
• passive lifestyle;
• unbalanced diet.

Type 3 diabetes (gestational) can only be diagnosed in pregnant women. As a rule, the diagnosis is made in the second trimester. The cause of the disease is a hormonal failure in the body. The situation worsens if the girl had a predisposition to diabetes. Also, if a girl is overweight or over 30, then the risk of this disease increases several times.

The cause of secondary diabetes is the result of some external intervention. External causes are diseases that affected the removal of the pancreas.

The causes of secondary diabetes cannot be eliminated, so it is not treated, because. you can't heal what doesn't exist. Patients with diabetes are required to inject insulin all their lives. This must be done in order to avoid hyperglycemia. To date, various methods for pancreatic transplantation are being developed.

Changing life to get rid of the "sweet" disease

In order to get rid of type 2 diabetes, you will have to try very hard. This disease becomes a test for a person, because there is a chance to be completely cured, which in no case should be missed. If a person has been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, then it is worth reconsidering your lifestyle.

To begin with, it is necessary to adequately assess your disease, its degree, severity and severity of complications. Of great importance is the observance of all the prescribed recommendations of the doctor, because they will help to avoid the development of complications.

Type 2 diabetes depends primarily on external causes, therefore, it is important to change your lifestyle. Among the main measures that affect the elimination of the disease, we can distinguish:

1. Regular checking of sugar levels.
2. 2-3 times increase the daily load.
3. Eating a special diet that helps lower blood sugar.
4. Start reducing your body weight.

The list of prohibited foods that should not be consumed in type 2 diabetes is best agreed with your doctor, because. it will be different for each person. Increased body weight is the main cause of type 2 diabetes. Excess weight adversely affects not only the pancreas, but also the entire body as a whole. The selection of measures aimed at reducing body weight is the main step towards recovery. Physical activity helps to speed up the metabolism, because. this activity is associated with the oxidation of carbohydrates, which store energy.

The body begins to get used to everyday stress, therefore, insulin begins to be consumed significantly and the balance is restored. An excellent result is given by cardio training or aerobic exercise. When exercising, breathing quickens, and this leads to blood saturation with oxygen. This has a positive effect on the processes of processing energy that is in the body.

Auxiliary treatments

When the question arises of how to get rid of type 2 diabetes, it is necessary to use any means that can help. To date, traditional medicine has a large amount of knowledge that relates to how you can get rid of SD.

Attention! Today there are a large number of alternative methods, however, before using them, you should consult a doctor.

Most patients with DM note a clear improvement in their condition after shilajit. In order to get the desired results, it is enough to take small pieces of mummy 2 times a day. It is best to dissolve the mummy in water, so the active substances are absorbed faster.

In addition, to improve the condition of the body, a decoction should be used, which consists of lingonberries, burdock, juniper, St. John's wort, bay leaf, blueberry leaves. All ingredients must be cut. Herbs should be taken in equal proportions.

Faithful companion for the patient with diabetes-glucometer!

How to eat healthy with diabetes

Symptoms characteristic of type 1 diabetes

The development of diabetes in a child, how to help him?

doctordiabet.ru

How can you get rid of diabetes?

The problem of diabetes every year affects more and more people. The point is not only that the number of people with a genetic predisposition to this disease of the endocrine system is rapidly increasing, because there are many additional factors that can trigger the development of diabetes.

People, as a rule, begin to think about their health only after they get sick, although some preventive measures can prevent the development of the disease.

In medical practice, diabetes is considered an incurable disease, so it will not be possible to completely get rid of it. However, if you wish, you can overcome the disease and restore health, although this does not mean that diabetes will go away forever. In this case, you need to take care of your health systematically.

Is it possible to get rid of diabetes forever?

In order to fully clarify the issue of getting rid of diabetes mellitus and all its manifestations, it is worth first of all to find out the characteristic features of this disease. In medical practice, there are 2 separate types of diabetes mellitus. This is no coincidence, since these diseases have completely different principles of development, therefore they are treated with fundamentally different methods.

Type 1 diabetes is the result of a genetic failure. This type of disease occurs in about 10-20% of cases, which is not so much, but still the number of patients with type 1 diabetes is rapidly increasing. In this type of diabetes, there is a decrease in insulin production to a complete cessation, therefore, to maintain health, patients need not only to monitor blood sugar levels, but also inject insulin to compensate for its deficiency.

Given that type 1 diabetes is genetic in nature, in order to reduce its damaging effects, it is very important to follow all the prescriptions of doctors. Folk remedies and lifestyle changes cannot drastically affect the patient's health.

With type 2 diabetes, which is the most common variant, things are much better, because even if it has been diagnosed, there is still a chance to overcome all manifestations of the disease and begin to lead a full healthy life.

How to change your lifestyle to get rid of diabetes?

In order to reduce all the manifestations of type 2 diabetes to "no", you need to try hard. The disease becomes a real test for a person, since in this case there is an opportunity to completely defeat the disease, which simply cannot be missed. If a person has been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, they should not panic.

First you need to adequately perceive your disease and realize the degree of its severity, as well as the seriousness of possible complications. It is very important to take into account all the recommendations of the doctor in order to prevent the development of complications.

You need to understand that type 2 diabetes is largely a consequence of external factors, so you need to focus on changing your lifestyle. There are a number of points that you need to pay special attention to in the process of combating diabetes:

1. Follow a diet to lower blood sugar.
2. Take steps to reduce weight.
3. Increase your daily physical activity.

The list of products that are undesirable for consumption in type 2 diabetes mellitus is best agreed with the attending physician, since it may be different for different patients. Increased weight is considered one of the main factors in the development of diabetes, since a significant body fat not only worsens the functioning of the cardiovascular system, but also provokes disturbances in metabolic processes. Measures aimed at weight loss are a very important step towards health.

Physical exercises help restore the normal balance of metabolic processes and eliminate the manifestations and consequences of the disease. Relatively recently, it was found that in patients with type 2 diabetes, after a long period of active sports, there is a complete disappearance of both clinical and laboratory signs of the disease.

The thing is that physical activity significantly increases the metabolic rate, since such activity is directly related to the oxidation of carbohydrates in the body, which act as an energy store.

With everyday physical activity, the body has to adapt, so insulin consumption increases significantly and the balance is restored. Aerobic exercises and cardio training, which include running, give excellent results. The thing is that with such physical exertion, there is an increase in the frequency of breathing and blood oxygen saturation. This has a positive effect on the process of processing the energy available in the body.

Complementary treatments for diabetes

When the question arises of how to get rid of diabetes, you need to use all available means. Traditional medicine has accumulated a significant amount of information regarding how certain people got rid of diabetes.

There are many recommendations of traditional medicine, and many of them are confirmed by scientific research. There are many other popular ways to get rid of diabetes, but before using this or that option, it is better to consult a doctor.

Many patients with diabetes note an improvement in their general condition after taking mummy.

To get the result, it is enough to take small pieces of mummy in the morning before meals, and also in the evening before going to bed. It is best to dissolve the mummy in water, as in this case the active substances will be absorbed faster.

In addition, to improve the condition of the whole organism and "accelerate" metabolism, you can use a decoction based on blueberries, lingonberries, bay leaves, goat's rue, licorice root, burdock, St. John's wort, juniper fruits and birch buds. All herbal ingredients need to be finely chopped, making up the mixture. Herbs should be taken in equal proportions.

To prepare the decoction, you need to take the herbal mixture and boiling water in a ratio of 1: 2. It is best to prepare a decoction in a thermos. In order for the herbs to brew well, you need at least 10 hours. After this time, the drink should be taken ½ cup before each meal. Such a collection solves the problem of how to get rid of excess blood sugar in diabetes.

www.saharvnorme.ru

How to get rid of diabetes: treatment and lifestyle

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Many diabetic patients wonder how to get rid of diabetes as soon as they find out about its presence. The answer to this question depends on the type of course of the disease and some other factors. Diabetes mellitus is treated in accordance with the recommendations of an endocrinologist, since it is an endocrine disease associated with metabolic disorders and food breakdown processes. As a result, the glucose content in the blood changes, which negatively affects the condition of the vessels and the heart. The disease may be hereditary or acquired.

Types of Diabetes

In order for a doctor to understand how to treat diabetes in a particular patient, he needs to know what type he is. There are two of them in total:

• Type 1 diabetes typically occurs at a young age and also in children. It develops as a result of the development of a special pathological autoimmune process, as a result of which the production of beta cells or insulin is blocked. As a result, the production of a hormone that can deliver glucose to cells stops. When asked if type 1 diabetes, doctors answer no;
• Type 2 diabetes is more common in adulthood and affects women more than men. The disease is multifactorial, i.e. there may be several factors affecting its development. It develops as a result of a genetic predisposition and the presence of certain genetic syndromes, toxic damage to the pancreas and its other diseases, overweight, insulin resistance. It is theoretically possible to get rid of type 2 diabetes, but it is quite difficult and cases of recovery are rare.

Doctors will help to get rid of type 2 diabetes forever. However, with the first type, it is only possible to relatively stabilize the patient's condition.

Experience

Seniority refers to the stage of development of type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Depending on it, it is possible to draw a preliminary conclusion about whether diabetes mellitus is curable in each specific case. The rule that is common to all cases of diagnosing a disorder is that the earlier it is detected, the higher the likelihood that it can be cured. This is due to several factors:

1. In the initial stages, the complications caused by this endocrine failure are reversible (retinopathy - damage to the vessels of the retina, polyneuropathy - damage to the nerve endings, nephropathy - damage to the kidneys);
2. The long-term type 2 malfunction negatively affects the work of the pancreas - with insulin resistance, the iron constantly receives a signal to produce insulin, which does not work, as a result of which the gland eventually becomes depleted and stops producing even a small amount of insulin, which prevents getting rid of type 2 diabetes.

The period of contacting a doctor is the main factor influencing whether it is possible to get rid of the failure. Years often pass before the patient goes to the doctor and is diagnosed, at which time diabetes is curable in rare cases. During this time, complications have time to develop to those stages at which they are irreversible. As a result of increased work of the pancreas, it is depleted and fibrous tissue is formed. As a result, insulin production falls, as a result, a type 1 or type 2 disorder remains with the patient forever.

The development and progression of the phenomenon can be prevented by regular periodic monitoring of blood sugar levels with mobile glucometers. At least once a year, a glucose tolerance test should be performed. This is especially important for people whose relatives already have diabetes. Such control will help to identify the disease at an early stage and completely recover.

Although a one-time jump in blood sugar is not necessarily a symptom of the disease, if it occurs, you should immediately consult a doctor for a more thorough examination. If a disease is detected, the doctor will prescribe a diet and determine how to treat diabetes in this case.

First type: traditional treatment

Despite the active work of scientists, in the next 10-15 years, type 1 diabetes is unlikely to be curable. The autoimmune process actively destroys the beta cells of the pancreas. They are the only cells that produce insulin. As a result of their destruction, the production of this substance in the body gradually decreases. Methods that are able to restore these cells do not currently exist. Therefore, type 1 diabetes is incurable.

Complicating the situation is that the first symptoms and the characteristic clinical picture of this failure begins to develop when 80% of the beta cells are destroyed. Thus, it is also impossible to prevent the development of the process in the early stages. Like any autoimmune disease, this process is irreversible.

Diagnosis is carried out at the hospital. The disease is diagnosed as a result of a blood test for several indicators, among them, the actual sugar level, creatine monokinase (CMK), which increases with diabetes, and others.

Doctors prescribe therapy that can stabilize the patient's condition and prevent an increase in blood sugar levels. Its main direction is the introduction of insulin into the body from the outside by means of injections.

Type One: Perspectives

However, scientists are working on developing methods to get rid of type 1 diabetes. The main ones are in the following areas:

1. Development of an artificial pancreas to replace one in which beta cells have been destroyed;
2. Designing a high-precision external device capable of simulating the work of the pancreas, introducing insulin into the body in the required quantities if necessary (a remote and more complex and high-tech analog of an insulin pump);
3. Also, type 1 diabetes can theoretically be cured by transplanting healthy beta cells - work on the creation of methods for such a transplant is also currently underway;
4. Type 1 diabetes can be cured by detecting and stopping the autoimmune process in the early stages;
5. Development of methods to stimulate the formation and growth of new healthy beta cells.

With these methods, perhaps doctors can get an answer to the question of whether type 1 diabetes is curable. Of all these methods, the most realistic is the wearing of an external apparatus - an analogue of the pancreas. Other developments are unlikely to bring results in the near future.

Second type: traditional treatment

The answer to the question of whether diabetes mellitus is treated in children and adults depends on its type. Only a doctor can tell how to treat diabetes correctly and effectively, and only after a comprehensive diagnosis of the patient's condition. Failure of type 2 on the body does not affect the body as irreversibly as type 1, therefore it is possible to cure it at an early stage. In this case, treatment is carried out in two directions:

1. Elimination of the direct cause of the failure;
2. Elimination of symptoms of complications.

The main reason for the phenomenon is the occurrence of insulin resistance, and it is with the possibility of its elimination that the methods of how to get rid of type 2 diabetes are associated. Insulin resistance is a condition in which insulin is produced in sufficient (and over time, excessive) amounts, but the tissues are insensitive to it, therefore it does not have its effect. Whereas the signal to the pancreas about the need to produce it comes constantly. As a result, a large amount of “useless” insulin accumulates in the blood, and the pancreas is depleted and overgrown with fibrous tissue. Therefore, it is important to think about how to get rid of diabetes as early as possible, while the process has not developed too much.

-FOOTNOTE-

Such insensitivity of tissues is connected with the fact that insulin receptors in them cannot connect with insulin. Thus, the only way to get rid of type 2 diabetes is to normalize the functioning of these receptors.

To do this, it is necessary to establish the cause of their insensitivity. There are the following reasons:

• Age - the activity of receptors decreases in old age. Therefore, the question of how to get rid of diabetes is more often asked by older people;
• Lack of loads. Physical activity improves metabolism and increases the susceptibility of insulin receptors. Diabetes mellitus is curable only if there is sufficient physical activity;
• Eating disorders and an increased content of carbohydrates in it lead to a decrease in the quality of the receptors;
• Obesity - receptors are mostly found in adipose tissue. With obesity, they suffer or are destroyed;
• Genetic predisposition to the disease. The likelihood of getting sick, as well as whether diabetes is curable or not in a particular case, depends on heredity;
• Intrauterine developmental pathologies also affect the likelihood of developing the disease and whether or not it is treated in the patient if it occurs. A pattern has been established - infants weighing less than 2300 g and more than 4500 g are more prone to the disease in the future and it is more difficult for them to cure it.

There are few differences in how to treat diabetes in adults and children. They are mainly related to the lifestyle of the patient. However, there are also medications. An endocrinologist can determine how to treat a person's diabetes. Combined preparations are prescribed that act in three directions: they stimulate the production of insulin, reduce the sugar content, and increase the susceptibility of receptors.

Type two: lifestyle

The decisive factor in answering the question of whether diabetes mellitus in children is treated is maintaining a proper lifestyle. It greatly increases the likelihood of a successful cure. It is very important to explain to the child the need for some restrictions. The same restrictions are needed for adult diabetics.

Regardless of how diabetes is treated, the process will not be successful if a special diet is not followed. First of all, it is necessary to reduce the amount of food consumed if you are overweight. Limit the content of carbohydrates and fats in food.

Another way to treat diabetes can be quite effective - exercise. Regular visits to the gym are essential. Even in the case of a slight violation of the diet, with the help of physical activity, it is possible to avoid a jump in blood glucose levels.

Video

diabet-expert.ru

Source: www.glukometr03.ru

Diabetes mellitus is more common in children, but it is not uncommon in adults. To start treating diabetes, it is necessary to identify its symptoms at an early stage. Consider the first signs of diabetes, symptoms, prevention and treatment, as well as what diet should be followed in diabetes.

Our time is called the epidemic of diabetes. People of all ages get sick, the disease is increasingly common in children. At the same time, not everyone comes to the endocrinologist on time, because they either do not pay attention to the manifestations of pathogenesis, or attribute them to other conditions. Symptoms of diabetes at the initial stage can be blurred, increase gradually, but it is important to be able to notice them as early as possible in order to prevent the occurrence of serious complications.

What is diabetes

The disease was known back in ancient times, but then the main symptom of diabetes was considered only thirst in combination with frequent urination, people then had no idea about endocrine changes. Later, the disease was repeatedly studied, although it has not yet been fully established why it occurs, and there is also no way to finally get rid of an already existing pathology.

General characteristics of diabetes- These are pathological changes in relation to the basic absorption of glucose and any sugars. This change can be absolute, that is, insulin stops being released at all, or relative, depending on how much the pancreas loses its ability to produce the hormone that is responsible for converting sugar into energy - insulin.

During the development of the disease, the following occurs:

1. Pancreatic cells either stop producing insulin altogether, or its production is reduced to a critical level. As a result, severe starvation of all body systems occurs, since glucose is the main source of energy. All incoming sugar remains in the blood without undergoing further metabolic conversion.
2. In another case, insulin production does not decrease, but the cells that must take this hormone and absorb glucose become resistant to the substance - that is, they stop “noticing” it.
3. A paradoxical situation arises: the body, on the one hand, experiences hunger due to the fact that incoming sugars are not processed into nutrients, and on the other hand, the glucose content in the blood increases, which has a destructive effect on the state of the cells.
4. Diabetes mellitus refers to diseases of the endocrine system, in which absolutely all organ systems of the human body are affected. The degree of involvement depends on the complexity of the course of the disease, the measures taken and the therapy.
5. Early signs of diabetes can go unnoticed for a long time, most often, people come to the doctor already with a severe, neglected process that is much more difficult to correct.

Diabetes is dangerous both for its complications, which affect absolutely all organs, and the risk of coma. Many doctors say that this is not so much a disease as a way of life: it is impossible to cure it completely, but if you adhere to the correct regimen, take medications depending on the type, constantly monitor your condition and the percentage of sugar in the blood plasma, then you can live a long time without experiencing typical consequences.

Doctors also say that there is now a real epidemic of diabetes in the world. To one degree or another, it is found in almost every third person, and if it was previously diagnosed either in children or in the elderly - depending on the type, now almost everyone is at risk.

Causes of diabetes

Medicine has not yet established whether there is any single cause that provokes the disease. Currently, only factors that increase the risk that the development of diabetes mellitus will occur are established.

Among them are the following:

1. Genetic predisposition - it has a particularly significant impact on the appearance of "childhood" type 1 diabetes, if the parents were diagnosed with the disease, then the child will inherit it with a high degree of risk.
2. Another factor indicating the danger of early onset of the disease is the large weight of the fetus. Normally, a newborn weighs 2.5-3.5 kg, if this figure is increased, then endocrinologists immediately begin to observe the baby.
3. In children, the development of pancreatic pathology is provoked by viral diseases, or rather their complications. Often, the death of pancreatic cells occurs against the background of measles, rubella, even such a harmless disease as chicken pox.
4. Adults develop diabetes due to malnutrition and lifestyle. It is believed that being overweight with a body mass index of more than 30 doubles the risk of insulin resistance. With a BMI of 35 or more, the incidence of diabetes reaches one hundred percent.
5. Even a little overweight, in which fat deposits are located around the abdomen - according to the abdominal type, is recognized as one of the key factors in the development of diabetes.
6. The disease can be triggered by other pathologies of the endocrine sphere, for example: Itsenko-Cushing's syndrome, diffuse toxic goiter, acromegaly.
7. Any diseases or injuries of the pancreas, an organ that produces enzymes and insulin, are fraught with complications in the form of diabetes mellitus, more often than the first type.

Factors can overlap, increasing the risk of developing the disease. However, no doctor can give a 100% “guarantee” that even a perfectly healthy person with a normal weight, diet and no pancreatic pathologies will never develop diabetes. Currently, there is even a theory that this is a viral and quite contagious disease.

Outside of scientific disputes and discussions, doctors can only recommend that people monitor their condition, pay attention to even small changes, and take timely measures.

The first signs of diabetes

Early symptoms of diabetes can be mild, especially when it comes to type 2 or insulin resistance. Manifestations go unnoticed until they pass into a more serious stage.

In this regard, it is worth paying attention to such early signs of the disease:

1. A feeling of dryness in the mouth, which may not be strong, and the person writes it off for the summer heat and other factors.
2. Dry skin causing minor discomfort. This symptom is most noticeable on the palms, elbows, and heels. The skin feels rough and dry due to dehydration and lack of nutrition.
3. The feeling of hunger increases, a person can gain weight. This is due to a decrease in the ability of cells to receive nutrients from incoming food.
4. Urination becomes more frequent, while the amount of fluid secreted increases. A person gets up to go to the toilet two or three times at night.
5. Subjectively felt fatigue, fatigue, unwillingness to do the usual work - a characteristic feeling of "brokenness". The "popular" chronic fatigue syndrome can sometimes be an early sign of diabetes.

The severity of symptoms can be very mild. The most noticeable are dry mouth and thirst. If at the same time a person has overweight, the habit of eating unhealthy food, then it makes sense to go to an endocrinologist and analyze the body's ability to absorb glucose. It must be remembered that a single blood sampling does not give a complete picture; for the purpose of diagnosis, a stress test for glucose resistance and other measures are carried out.

Types

There are different forms of the disease depending on the pathogenesis occurring in the body. Determination of the type is extremely important, since the method of treatment differs radically.

In addition to the two main ones, there are other subspecies, but, as a rule, they talk about the following:

First type

This is a disease of children and young people, caused, according to most scientists, genetically. Sometimes the first type can develop after a severe attack of pancreatitis or even pancreatic necrosis, when a person can be saved, but the functions of the pancreas are hopelessly lost. The first type is the absence of insulin in the body, so it is administered artificially.

Type II or insulin resistance

With this type of disease, the pancreas continues to produce insulin, and its amount can be even greater than in healthy people. However, the cells responsible for the perception of the hormone cease to “understand” it. Metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes are corrected without the introduction of a hormone, with the help of specific therapy and diet.

Gestational diabetes

Appearing in pregnant women - this process is reversible, occurs in many women, disappears after childbirth. It cannot be ignored, because gestational diabetes indicates an increased risk of the onset of the disease in the future, both in the mother and in the child.

situational diabetes

They can develop as a nonspecific immune response, sometimes as a side effect of taking certain medications. These cases are quite rare, so the main attention of doctors is focused on the two main types plus gestational diabetes.

Symptoms of Diabetes

Symptoms depend on the severity of the disease, its degree of development and the measures taken by the patient himself. Diabetes causes a huge number of complications that affect the entire body, but the main clinical picture is considered:

1. Increased thirst - a person can drink up to three to four liters of water per day, experiencing constant dry mouth.
2. Frequent urination - also in large portions, unlike, for example, cystitis or other diseases of the genitourinary system.
3. Feeling of hunger, there may be weight gain or, on the contrary, its sharp decrease.
4. A person gets tired quickly, experiences drowsiness during the day.
5. Wounds, cuts, scratches heal poorly. Pimples and other skin problems appear.
6. There is a deterioration in vision, objects look like a little fuzzy.

Already the basic signs - dry mouth, combined with severe thirst and repeated urge to urinate up to two or three times an hour, are enough to suspect high blood sugar. The remaining signs indicate the severity and advanced stage of the disease.

The appearance of patients with different forms of diabetes is different. People with the first are not prone to obesity, on the contrary, as a rule, they are painfully thin people with bad acne-prone skin. Persons with the second type are often full, and fat deposits are located according to the "male" type - on the stomach. Sometimes external signs of diabetes may be completely absent.

Treatment of diabetes

Radical treatment does not exist. Lifelong support of the patient with constant monitoring of his condition is possible. Therapy is selected depending on the form of the disease.

The first type provides:

1. The introduction of insulin in the form of injections.
2. Also currently there are special insulin patches or pumps.
3. The patient needs to constantly monitor the level of sugar in the blood.
4. It is also important to remember that in the first type, hypoglycemia - a lack of glucose with an excess of insulin - is even more dangerous than hyperglycemia. People are advised to always carry a few sweets, cookies for an "emergency" case for a quick increase in glucose levels.

The latest treatment for type 1 diabetes involves transplantation of sections of the pancreas. However, these surgical interventions are still rare.

The second type is more common, and if the first type is typical for children and adolescents, then insulin resistance develops in people over 35 years of age, although there is currently a downward trend in age.

Treatment for this type of diabetes includes:

1. Strict diet with restriction of carbohydrates and fats.
2. Measures to reduce body weight.
3. Hypoglycemic drugs - Glipizide, Glimepiride.
4. Biguanides - substances that contribute to the natural restoration of normal glucose metabolism by reducing glucogenesis in the liver, - Metformin, Glucofarge.
5. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, which block the rise in blood sugar - Miglitol, Acarbose.

Therapy in the second type allows not to use external sources of insulin. The idea of ​​treatment is to maintain the normal balance in the body as much as possible, without resorting to serious intervention. Drug therapy always serves only as the basis of treatment, because the main part of the responsibility for their health lies with the patient, on his ability to adhere to the proper nutrition recommended for this disease, as well as to monitor his condition.

Consequences and complications of diabetes

Diabetes is dangerous both in itself and in its complications. The first type gives the worst prognosis for life in the long term, while the compensated disease of the second type can proceed "background", without worsening the quality of life.

Consequences and complications include emergency:

1. Hypermolar coma - occurs against the background of dehydration, if you do not take enough fluid, which continues to be excreted from the body.
2. Hypoglycemic coma - occurs in people with type 1 diabetes, with the wrong dosage of insulin.
3. Lactic acid coma - occurs against the background of the accumulation of lactic acid caused by diabetes and, as a rule, kidney failure, also provoked by this disease.
4. Ketoacidosis is the accumulation of ketone bodies, products of fat metabolism, in the blood.

These conditions are emergency, threatening the life of the patient. Hypoglycemic coma is especially dangerous, because without urgent administration of glucose it can be fatal in 30-40 minutes.

There are also long-term consequences of diabetes:

1. Diabetic neuropathy and encephalopathy - destruction of the nervous system, both central and peripheral. The manifestations are wide - from muscle pain to memory impairment and decreased intelligence. This is one of the most common long-term complications of the disease, occurring in one in eight people with diabetes. The process begins with the hands and feet, forming the characteristic symptoms of "gloves", in the future, the pain spreads to the whole body, also capturing the central nervous system.
2. Diabetic retinopathy is a decrease in vision due to damage to the retina, up to complete blindness. During this disease, degeneration and detachment of the retina occurs. It is also an extremely common pathology, and every year the disease adds 10% to the risk of developing this complication.
3. Diabetic nephropathy - kidney damage up to the development of a severe form of renal failure against the background of the constant need to conduct fluid, often containing excess glucose.
4. Diabetic angiopathy is a violation of the permeability of small and large vessels due to the fact that they are "clogged" with undigested glucose. This pathology causes the development of severe complications, up to heart failure, blood clots.
5. Damage to the legs, "diabetic foot" - the appearance of purulent-necrotic processes in the lower extremities. It starts with small ulcers that heal very poorly. In the future, edema develops, the process ends with wet gangrene with the need to amputate the affected limb.

Severe consequences develop only in the decompensated form of the disease. It develops against the background of a systematic violation of the diet, the wrong choice of drug therapy, the patient's inattention to the level of glucose in the blood. Even one-time violations of the diet can provoke a sharp deterioration in the condition, so there can be no “relaxations” and “holidays” for diabetes.

Prevention

Prevention consists in timely vaccinations against viral diseases in children, and in adults - to normalize body weight and diet. It is recommended to eat green vegetables, unsweetened fruits, limit sweet and fatty foods. Moderate exercise also serves as a preventative measure.

A healthy lifestyle, proper nutrition, avoiding stress - all these are excellent methods to avoid not only diabetes, but also many other diseases. Of course, not everyone can maintain an ideal daily routine, but you can always reduce the amount of fast food and simple sugars in your diet, replacing them with slow carbohydrates, fiber, and protein foods.

Diet for diabetes

Nutrition is a key feature of patient support and correction of his condition. Without diet therapy, all other measures are meaningless.

The principle of the diet is as follows:

1. Exclusion of glucose and sugar, including foods with added sugar.
2. Restriction of other sugars - for example, fructose can be no more than 20 g per day.
3. The exclusion of fatty foods is especially important in type 1 diabetes.
4. Eating green vegetables, unsweetened fruits, fish, lean meats.
5. Constant monitoring of blood sugar levels and dietary adjustments. You can't go hungry with diabetes.

The basic principle of nutrition is the concept of "bread unit". This is a conditional dose of about 10 gr. carbohydrates, which equals approximately 20 grams of bread. A diabetic patient can eat no more than 10 such bread units per day, and a range from 2 to 7 is allowed at one meal, which is strictly forbidden to exceed.

Depending on the type of diabetes, the characteristics of the diet may vary. For example, the ban on fatty foods is very strict in the first type, many people who constantly take insulin are advised to avoid fats and even proteins as much as possible due to the risk of ketoacidosis. However, these patients can have more carbohydrates, since the injected insulin is able to compensate for the intake of these substances.

And vice versa, if a person has type 2 diabetes, then he is allowed healthy fats contained in eggs, sea fish, some fruits - for example, avocados, but it is recommended to limit carbohydrates as much as possible, and completely exclude fast ones.

The symptoms of diabetes are easy to miss, and dealing with advanced disease is much more difficult than with early stages. Therefore, from time to time, it is recommended to do a glucose test for everyone who is at risk for age, body weight, genetic or other factors.

Diabetes- a group of diseases of the endocrine system that develop due to a lack or absence of insulin (hormone) in the body, resulting in a significant increase in the level of glucose (sugar) in the blood (hyperglycemia).

Diabetes mellitus is basically a chronic disease. It is characterized by metabolic disorders - fat, carbohydrate, protein, water-salt and mineral. In diabetes, the function of the pancreas, which actually produces insulin, is impaired.

Insulin- a protein hormone produced by the pancreas, the main function of which is to participate in metabolic processes - the processing and conversion of sugar into glucose, and the further transportation of glucose into cells. In addition, insulin regulates blood sugar levels.

In diabetes, the cells do not receive the necessary nutrition. It is difficult for the body to retain water in the cells, and it is excreted through the kidneys. Violations occur in the protective functions of tissues, the skin, teeth, kidneys, nervous system are affected, the level of vision decreases, develops,.

In addition to humans, this disease can also affect some animals, such as dogs and cats.

Diabetes mellitus is inherited, but it can be acquired in other ways.

Diabetes. ICD

ICD-10: E10-E14
ICD-9: 250

The hormone insulin converts sugar into glucose, which is an energy substance necessary for the normal functioning of body cells. When there is a failure in the production of insulin by the pancreas, disturbances in metabolic processes begin. Glucose is not delivered to the cells and settles in the blood. Cells, in turn, starving, begin to fail, which outwardly manifests itself in the form of secondary diseases (diseases of the skin, circulatory system, nervous and other systems). At the same time, there is a significant increase in blood glucose (hyperglycemia). The quality and effect of the blood deteriorate. This whole process is called diabetes.

Diabetes mellitus is called only that hyperglycemia, which was originally caused by the dysfunction of insulin in the body!

Why is high blood sugar harmful?

High blood sugar levels can cause dysfunction in almost all organs, up to and including death. The higher the blood sugar level, the more obvious the result of its action, which is expressed in:

- obesity;
- glycosylation (saccharification) of cells;
- intoxication of the body with damage to the nervous system;
- damage to blood vessels;
- the development of secondary diseases affecting the brain, heart, liver, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, muscles, skin, eyes;
- manifestations of fainting, coma;
- lethal outcome.

Normal blood sugar

On an empty stomach: 3.3-5.5 mmol / l.
2 hours after carbohydrate loading: less than 7.8 mmol/l

Diabetes mellitus in most cases develops gradually, and only occasionally there is a rapid development of the disease, accompanied by an increase in glucose levels to a critical level with various diabetic coma.

The first signs of diabetes

- constant feeling of thirst;
- persistent dry mouth
- increased urine output (increased diuresis);
- increased dryness and severe itching of the skin;
- increased susceptibility to skin diseases, pustules;
- prolonged healing of wounds;
- a sharp decrease or increase in body weight;
- increased sweating;
- muscular.

Signs of diabetes

In addition, diabetes can develop against the background of:

- hyperfunction of the adrenal glands (hypercorticism);
- tumors of the digestive tract;
- increased levels of hormones that block insulin;
— ;
— ;
- poor digestibility of carbohydrates;
- short-term increase in blood sugar levels.

Classification of diabetes

Due to the fact that diabetes mellitus has many different etiologies, signs, complications, and of course, the type of treatment, experts have created a fairly voluminous formula for classifying this disease. Consider the types, types and degrees of diabetes.

By etiology:

I. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (insulin-dependent diabetes, juvenile diabetes). Most often, this type of diabetes occurs in young people, often thin. It runs hard. The reason lies in the antibodies produced by the body itself, which block the β-cells that produce insulin in the pancreas. Treatment is based on the constant intake of insulin, by injection, as well as strict adherence to the diet. From the menu it is necessary to completely exclude the use of easily digestible carbohydrates (sugar, sugar-containing lemonades, sweets, fruit juices).

Divided by:

A. Autoimmune.
B. Idiopathic.

II. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (non-insulin-dependent diabetes). Most often, type 2 diabetes affects obese people over 40 years old. The reason lies in the overabundance of nutrients in the cells, due to which they lose sensitivity to insulin. Treatment is based primarily on a weight loss diet.

Over time, it is possible to prescribe insulin tablets, and only as a last resort, insulin injections are prescribed.

III. Other forms of diabetes:

A. Genetic disorders of b-cells
B. Genetic defects in insulin action
C. Diseases of the endocrine cells of the pancreas:
1. trauma or pancreatectomy;
2. ;
3. neoplastic process;
4. cystic fibrosis;
5. fibrocalculous pancreatopathy;
6. hemochromatosis;
7. other diseases.
D. Endocrinopathy:
1. Itsenko-Cushing's syndrome;
2. acromegaly;
3. glucoganoma;
4. pheochromocytoma;
5. somatostatinoma;
6. hyperthyroidism;
7. aldosteroma;
8. other endocrinopathies.
E. Diabetes as a result of side effects of drugs and toxic substances.
F. Diabetes as a complication of infectious diseases:
1. rubella;
2. cytomegalovirus infection;
3. other infectious diseases.

IV. Gestational diabetes. Blood sugar levels rise during pregnancy. Often passes suddenly, after childbirth.

According to the severity of the course of the disease:

Diabetes mellitus 1 degree (mild form). A low level of glycemia (blood sugar) is characteristic - no more than 8 mmol / l (on an empty stomach). The level of daily glucosuria is not more than 20 g / l. May be accompanied by angioedema. Treatment at the level of diet and taking certain medications.

Diabetes mellitus of the 2nd degree (medium form). A relatively small, but with a more obvious effect, increase in the level of glycemia at the level of 7-10 mmol / l is characteristic. The level of daily glucosuria is not more than 40 g / l. Periodically, manifestations of ketosis and ketoacidosis are possible. Gross violations in the work of the organs do not occur, but at the same time, there may be some violations and signs in the work of the eyes, heart, blood vessels, lower extremities, kidneys and nervous system. There may be signs of diabetic angioneuropathy. Treatment is carried out at the level of diet therapy and oral administration of sugar-lowering drugs. In some cases, the doctor may prescribe insulin injections.

Diabetes mellitus 3 degrees (severe form). Typically, the average level of glycemia is 10-14 mmol / l. The level of daily glucosuria is about 40 g/l. There is a high level of proteinuria (protein in the urine). The picture of clinical manifestations of target organs is intensifying - eyes, heart, blood vessels, legs, kidneys, nervous system. Vision decreases, numbness and pain in the legs appear, increases.

Diabetes mellitus 4 degrees (super severe form). A characteristically high level of glycemia is 15-25 mmol / l or more. The level of daily glucosuria is over 40-50 g/l. Proteinuria increases, the body loses protein. Almost all organs are affected. The patient is subject to frequent diabetic coma. Life is supported purely on insulin injections - at a dose of 60 OD and more.

For complications:

- diabetic micro- and macroangiopathy;
- diabetic neuropathy;
- diabetic nephropathy;
- diabetic retinopathy;
- Diabetic foot.

For the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, the following methods and tests have been established:

- measuring the level of glucose in the blood (determination of glycemia);
- measurement of daily fluctuations in the level of glycemia (glycemic profile);
- measuring the level of insulin in the blood;
- glucose tolerance test;
- a blood test for the concentration of glycated hemoglobin;
— ;
- Urinalysis to determine the level of leukocytes, glucose and protein;
- abdominal organs;
Rehberg's test.

In addition, if necessary, carry out:

— study of the electrolyte composition of the blood;
- urine test to determine the presence of acetone;
- examination of the fundus;
— .

Before starting treatment, it is necessary to conduct an accurate diagnosis of the body, because. a positive prognosis of recovery depends on this.

Treatment for diabetes aims to:

- lowering blood sugar levels;
- normalization of metabolism;
- prevention of complications of diabetes.

Treatment of type 1 diabetes (insulin dependent)

As we already mentioned in the middle of the article, in the section “Classification of Diabetes Mellitus”, patients with type 1 diabetes constantly need insulin injections, since the body cannot produce enough of this hormone on its own. There are currently no other methods of delivering insulin to the body, except for injections. Insulin-based tablets will not help with type 1 diabetes.

In addition to insulin injections, treatment for type 1 diabetes includes:

- adherence to a diet;
- performance of dosed individual physical activity (DIFN).

Treatment of type 2 diabetes (non-insulin dependent)

Treatment of type 2 diabetes is treated with diet and, if necessary, taking sugar-lowering drugs, which are available in tablet form.

Diet for type 2 diabetes is the main method of treatment due to the fact that this type of diabetes just develops due to malnutrition of a person. With improper nutrition, all types of metabolism are disturbed, therefore, by changing your diet, a diabetic in many cases gets cured.

In some cases, with persistent types of type 2 diabetes, the doctor may prescribe insulin injections.

In the treatment of any type of diabetes, a mandatory item is diet therapy.

A nutritionist with diabetes, after receiving tests, taking into account age, body weight, gender, lifestyle, paints an individual nutrition program. When dieting, the patient must calculate the amount of calories, proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins and trace elements consumed. The menu must be followed strictly according to the prescription, which minimizes the risk of developing complications of this disease. Moreover, following a diet for diabetes, it is possible to defeat this disease without additional medication.

The general emphasis of diet therapy for diabetes is on eating food with a minimum or no content of easily digestible carbohydrates, as well as fats, which are easily converted into carbohydrate compounds.

What do people with diabetes eat?

The menu for diabetes consists of vegetables, fruits, meat and dairy products. The diagnosis of "Diabetes" does not mean that it is necessary to completely give up glucose in food. Glucose is the “energy” of the body, with a lack of which protein breaks down. Food should be rich in protein, and.

What can you eat with diabetes: beans, buckwheat, oatmeal, pearl barley, wheat and corn grits, grapefruit, orange, apples, pears, peaches, apricots, pomegranates, dried fruits (prunes, dried apricots, dried apples), cherries, blueberries, blackberries, currants, gooseberries, walnuts, pine nuts, peanuts, almonds, black bread, butter or sunflower oil (no more than 40 g per day).

What not to eat with diabetes: coffee, alcoholic drinks, chocolate, confectionery, sweets, jam, muffins, ice cream, spicy dishes, smoked meats, salty dishes, fat, pepper, mustard, bananas, raisins, grapes.

What is better to refrain from: watermelon, melon, store juices. In addition, try not to use the product about which you know nothing or little.

Conditionally allowed products for diabetes:

Physical activity in diabetes

In the current "lazy" time, when the world has been taken over by television, the Internet, sedentary, and at the same time often highly paid work, an increasing number of people are moving less and less. Unfortunately, this is not the best way to affect health. Diabetes mellitus, hypertension, heart failure, visual impairment, spinal diseases are just a small part of the ailments in which a sedentary lifestyle is indirectly, and sometimes directly, to blame.

When a person leads an active lifestyle - walks a lot, rides a bike, does exercises, plays sports games, the metabolism speeds up, the blood "plays". At the same time, all cells receive the necessary nutrition, the organs are in good shape, the immune system works perfectly, and the body as a whole is less susceptible to various diseases.

That is why, moderate exercise in diabetes has a beneficial effect. When you exercise, your muscles oxidize more glucose from your blood, which lowers your blood sugar levels. Of course, this does not mean that you will suddenly change into a sports uniform and run several kilometers in an unknown direction. The necessary set of exercises will be prescribed for you by the attending physician.

Medicines for diabetes

Consider some groups of medications against diabetes mellitus (sugar-lowering drugs):

Drugs that stimulate the pancreas to produce more insulin: Sulfonylureas (Gliclazide, Gliquidone, Glipizide), Meglitinides (Repaglinide, Nateglinide).

Pills that make body cells more sensitive to insulin:

- Biguanides ("Siofor", "Glucophage", "Metformin"). Contraindicated in people with heart and kidney failure.
- Thiazolidinediones ("Avandia", "Pioglitazone"). Increase the effectiveness of insulin action (improvement of insulin resistance) in adipose and muscle tissues.

Means with incretin activity: DPP-4 inhibitors (Vildagliptin, Sitagliptin), glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (Liraglutide, Exenatide).

Drugs that block the absorption of glucose in the gastrointestinal tract: alpha-glucosidase inhibitor ("Acarbose").

Can diabetes be cured?

A positive prognosis in the treatment of diabetes mellitus largely depends on:

- type of diabetes;
- the time of detection of the disease;
- an accurate diagnosis;
- strict observance by the diabetic of the doctor's prescriptions.

According to modern (official) scientists, it is currently impossible to completely recover from type 1 diabetes, as well as persistent forms of type 2 diabetes. At least, such drugs have not yet been invented. With this diagnosis, treatment is aimed at preventing the occurrence of complications, as well as the pathological effect of the disease on the work of other organs. After all, you need to understand that the danger of diabetes lies precisely in the complications. With the help of insulin injections, you can only slow down the pathological processes in the body.

Treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, in most cases, with the help of nutritional correction, as well as moderate physical activity, is quite successful. However, when a person returns to the old way of life, hyperglycemia does not take long.

I would also like to note that there are unofficial methods of treating diabetes, for example, therapeutic fasting. Such methods often end with resuscitation for a diabetic. From this it must be concluded that before using various folk remedies and recommendations, be sure to consult your doctor.

Of course, I cannot fail to mention another way of healing from diabetes - prayer, turning to God. Both in the Holy Scriptures and in the modern world, an incredibly huge number of people received healing after turning to the Lord, and, in this case, it doesn’t matter what the person is sick with, for what is impossible for a person, everything is possible with God.

Alternative treatment of diabetes

Important! Before using folk remedies, be sure to consult your doctor!

Celery with lemon. Peel 500 g of celery root and grind them together with 6 lemons in a meat grinder. Boil the mixture in a saucepan in a water bath for 2 hours. Next, put the product in the refrigerator. The mixture must be taken in 1 tbsp. spoon for 30 min. Before breakfast, for 2 years.

Lemon with parsley and garlic. Mix 100 g of lemon zest with 300 g of parsley root (you can also put leaves) and 300 g. We twist everything through a meat grinder. We put the resulting mixture in a jar and put it in a cool dark place for 2 weeks. Take the resulting remedy 3 times a day, 1 teaspoon 30 minutes before meals.

Linden. If your blood sugar level has risen, drink lime blossom infusion instead of tea for several days. To prepare the remedy, put 1 tbsp. a spoonful of lime blossom in 1 cup of boiling water.

You can also prepare a decoction of linden. To do this, pour 2 cups of lime blossom into 3 liters of water. Boil this product for 10 minutes, cool, strain and pour into jars or bottles. Store in refrigerator. Drink lime decoction every day for half a glass when you want to drink. When you drink this portion, take a break for 3 weeks, after which the course can be repeated.

Alder, nettle and quinoa. Mix half a glass of alder leaves, 2 tbsp. spoons of quinoa leaves and 1 tbsp. a spoonful of flowers Pour the mixture with 1 liter of water, shake well and leave to infuse for 5 days in a lit place. Then add a pinch to the infusion and consume 1 teaspoon in 30 minutes. Before meals, morning and evening.

Buckwheat. Grind with a coffee grinder 1 tbsp. a spoonful of buckwheat, then add it to 1 cup of kefir. Infuse the remedy during the night, and in the morning drink 30 minutes before meals.

Lemon and eggs. Squeeze the juice from 1 lemon and mix 1 raw egg well with it. Drink the resulting remedy 60 minutes before meals, for 3 days.

Walnut. Fill partitions of 40 g with a glass of boiling water. Next, sweat them in a water bath for about 60 minutes. Cool the infusion and strain. You need to take the infusion 1-2 teaspoons 30 minutes before meals, 2 times a day.

Walnut leaf remedy also helps a lot. To do this, pour 1 tbsp. a spoonful of well-dried and ground leaves 50 ml of boiled water. Next, boil the infusion for 15 minutes over low heat, then leave to infuse for about 40 minutes. The broth should be filtered and taken 3-4 times a day for half a glass.

Hazel (bark). Finely chop and pour 400 ml of clean water 1 tbsp. a spoonful of hazel bark. Leave the product to infuse overnight, after which we place the infusion in an enamel pan and put it on fire. Boil the remedy for about 10 minutes. After that, the broth is cooled, divided into equal parts and drunk throughout the day. Store the decoction in the refrigerator.

Aspen (bark). Put a handful of planed aspen bark in an enameled pan, pour 3 liters of water over it. Bring the product to a boil and remove from heat. The resulting decoction should be drunk instead of tea, for 2 weeks, then take a break for 7 days and repeat the course of treatment again. Between the 2nd and 3rd course, a break is made for a month.

Bay leaf. Put 10 dry bay leaves in an enamel or glass bowl and pour 250 ml of boiling water over them. Wrap the container well and let the product brew for 2 hours. The resulting infusion for diabetes should be taken 3 times a day for half a glass, 40 minutes before meals.

Flax seeds. Grind into flour 2 tbsp. tablespoons of flax seeds and pour 500 ml of boiling water over them. Boil the mixture in an enameled container for about 5 minutes. The broth must be drunk completely at a time, in a warm state, 30 minutes before a meal.

For wound healing in diabetes mellitus, use lotions based on insulin.

Prevention of diabetes

To prevent the onset of diabetes, experts recommend adhering to preventive rules:

- monitor your weight - prevent the appearance of extra pounds;
- to live an active lifestyle;
- eat right - eat fractionally, and also try to avoid eating foods rich in easily digestible carbohydrates, but focus on foods rich in minerals;
- control

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common diseases. Almost every 20th person on the planet suffers from it.

Any person suffering from a disease wonders if it can be cured completely? What to do for this?

Causes of the disease

Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine disease in which a person's metabolism is disturbed. The disease is characterized by a violation of the production of the protein hormone insulin by the pancreas. For this reason, patients are forced to constantly monitor the concentration of glucose in the blood.

The disease has a chronic form, and the causes of its occurrence in humans are a variety of factors, including:

• excess weight and its extreme form - obesity;
• genetic factor;
• old age and metabolic problems that arise against its background;
• frequent stressful situations, experiences;
• consequences of viral infections (rubella, hepatitis, influenza, smallpox);
• concomitant diseases that negatively affect the state of the pancreas (pancreatitis, cancerous tumors in the pancreas);
• taking a number of medications (cytostatics, diuretics, glucocorticoid hormones of synthetic origin);
• malnutrition in the form of an excess of carbohydrates and a lack of fiber;
• sedentary lifestyle;
• the presence of cardiovascular disease.

In addition to these causes, the disease occurs in humans against the background of existing pathologies:

• cirrhosis of the liver;
• poor absorption of carbohydrates;
• hypercortisolism;
• increased secretion of thyroid hormones;
• periodic increase in the concentration of glucose in the blood for a short period of time;
• an increase in the number of hormones that suppress insulin production;
• tumors of various nature, developed in the organs of the gastrointestinal tract.

Type 1 diabetes is more common in young people and is completely incurable. A person needs lifelong injections of insulin.

Type 2 diabetes occurs in 80% of cases. It is more likely to affect older people with weight problems and concomitant diseases.

Can type 2 diabetes be cured?

Type 2 diabetes is successfully treated, but it is impossible to completely get rid of the disease. The disease is characterized by a long latent period of course. A person may be unaware of the presence of the disease for 10 years or more.

The disease has a strong effect on the blood vessels. Most often, the disease is diagnosed at the stage of irreversible changes. It quickly becomes chronic, and the patient needs constant treatment with dietary adjustments and adherence to a certain regimen of physical activity.

If a person observes a diet, constantly monitors glucose levels and takes the necessary medications, it is possible to significantly improve his quality of life. With quality treatment and the right lifestyle, its duration in patients with type 2 diabetes can reach several decades and be the same as in completely healthy people.

Basic principles of treatment

The nature of the treatment of the disease depends on the stage of its development and the presence of complications in the patient. The disease at an early stage is treated at home.

Patients in whom the disease was diagnosed at a late stage require drug therapy. Drug treatment is also necessary for patients who are unable to control their lifestyle and nutrition adequately.

The principles of treatment are as follows:

• increase in physical activity;
• adherence to a special diet;
• constant monitoring of blood glycemia;
• blood pressure control;
• taking necessary medications.

Since diabetes often develops in people who are overweight, they need to correct it first. Normalization of weight, proper dietary nutrition and sufficient physical activity can quickly bring the patient's glycemia back to normal.

Increase physical activity

Physical activity is vital for effective diabetes management. It is especially indicated for overweight people. Daily simple exercises allow overweight patients to gradually bring it back to normal.

Physical activity as one of the principles of treatment allows you to solve problems:

• normalization of diabetic weight;
• decrease in glucose concentration due to muscle loads.

Muscle tissues of the human body are characterized by increased dependence on insulin. Due to daily exercise, diabetics manage to maintain the concentration of sugar at the same level and achieve gradual weight loss.

Diet food

With type 2 diabetes, the patient needs a complete change in diet. It does not imply fasting or limiting food intake for several days - the essence of the diet for illness is fractional nutrition.

During the day, a person is recommended to eat food 6 times, while portions of dishes should be small. The patient needs to monitor the intervals between meals. Breaks between meals should not exceed three hours.

Dietary nutrition in case of illness involves the use of certain foods and the complete rejection of a number of foods.

With type 2 diabetes, the following are completely excluded:

• fast digesting carbohydrates;
• fried food;
• all kinds of sweet and starchy foods;
• smoked products;
• alcohol;
• spicy and fatty foods;
• rich broths;
• all kinds of fast food and marinades.

Some products are conditionally permitted.

Such products include:

• semolina;
• potato;
• pasta;
• legumes;
• pork without fat;
• low-fat cottage cheese;
• low-fat milk;
• carrot;
• crackers;
• liver;
• egg yolks;
• mutton;
• nuts;
• rice, buckwheat, oatmeal.

These products are allowed for diabetics, but to a limited extent.

Fully approved foods for diabetics include:

• meat without fat;
• fresh, boiled and baked vegetables;
• fruits (almost all) and berries;
• a fish.

When compiling the menu, you must proceed from the following:

• nutritional balance;
• fragmentation of food intake (6 times a day);
• variety of daily diet;
• inclusion in the daily diet of fresh fruits and vegetables;
• complete exclusion of prohibited products;
• eating in small portions;
• sufficient water intake every day (at least 1.5 liters);
• the use of decoctions and teas based on herbs.

Diabetics need to avoid feeling hungry. When it appears, they are advised to snack on low-fat milk and fruits. With their help, it will be possible to suppress the feeling of hunger and wait until the next meal according to the schedule. Overeating is also strictly prohibited - you can not overeat even allowed foods. You have to get up from the table with the feeling that you could eat more.

Video about nutrition for diabetes:

Glycemic control

Diabetics need daily monitoring of blood glucose levels. Over the years, the disease progresses and adversely affects the cells of the pancreas. They do not cope well with the production of the hormone insulin. For this reason, there are frequent increases in blood glucose.

For monitoring, a device called a glucometer is used. The device allows you to maintain daily glucose in the patient at an optimal level. Despite the forced financial costs of the device, it justifies itself.

Patients should not be limited only to the control of glucose in the blood. Significance for the state of health are indicators in the urine of the patient.

A common form of testing the concentration of glucose in the urine of diabetics are test strips. But this method has poor efficiency. Test strips allow you to detect glucose in the urine only when its concentration exceeds 10 mmol / l. For diabetics, an indicator of 8 mmol / l is already critical. For this reason, the most effective and reliable way to control the level of glucose in the urine is to systematically test it in the laboratory.

Blood pressure control

Diabetes is characterized by high blood pressure. One of the necessary indicators is the constant monitoring of blood pressure.

Its uncontrolled increase leads to a number of consequences, including:

• high risk of stroke;
• visual impairment up to its loss;
• development of renal failure.

Low blood pressure in a diabetic becomes a frequent consequence of the death of tissues of internal organs due to their poor oxygen enrichment.

Along with the constant measurement of glycemia, the patient requires daily measurement of blood pressure.

Taking medications

Drug treatment is necessary for diabetics in whom the disease was detected at a late stage. Maintaining the health of patients with the help of medications is also required if they develop serious complications due to diabetes mellitus. At the same time, antidiabetic drugs are prescribed to patients forever, until the end of their lives.

For type 2 diabetes, drugs are prescribed:

• enhancing the absorption of insulin into tissues (biguanides) - "Glucophage", "Metformin";
• reducing the absorption of glucose by the stomach and intestines - "Acarbose";
• containing insulin;
• containing derivatives of sulfonylurea - "Diabeton" and other analogues.

Biguanides are more often prescribed to young patients who are overweight. In adult patients, if they have concomitant pathologies, drugs provoke lactic acidosis.

Sulfonylureas contribute to the production of insulin by the pancreas. Their appointment is necessary for patients with complications due to diabetes. An overdose of these drugs leads to a sharp decrease in glucose levels. This condition is fraught with the occurrence of diabetic coma.

Insulin preparations are prescribed for type 2 diabetics in special cases. Treatment often leads to the formation of resistance of the disease to the medications taken. Means containing insulin are prescribed to patients in these cases.

Additionally, patients with diabetes are prescribed medications:

• thiazolidinediones, which reduce sugar levels and increase insulin sensitivity of fat cells;
• meglitinides, which stimulate the pancreas to produce insulin.

Meglitinides with a decrease in the concentration of glucose in the blood do not lead to the development of hypoglycemia in a patient. The use of thiazolidinediones is contraindicated in diabetics with signs of heart failure.