Algorithm for conducting drug electrophoresis. Electrophoresis for infants and children over one year of age: indications and contraindications, performed at home, solutions Electrophoresis with magnesium on the collar area indications

Electrophoresis is a physiotherapeutic procedure. Its main purpose is to introduce drugs into the body using direct current.

How does the electrophoresis procedure work?

The procedure is carried out using a special apparatus. It supplies direct current and is connected to oppositely charged electrodes. The electrodes are presented in the form of metal plates with fabric pads on them.

During the procedure, the tissue is moistened with a warm medicinal solution, and the electrodes themselves are fixed on the patient’s body. After turning on the device, this substance enters the body. This happens due to the supply of direct current, due to which the substance breaks down into ions and easily penetrates the skin.

Indications for use

The spectrum of action of this physiotherapeutic procedure is very wide. With its help you can cure:

gastroenterological diseases (gastritis, ulcers, colitis, cholecystitis);
gynecological diseases (cervical erosion, colpitis, endometritis, cervititis, endometriosis);
otolaryngological diseases (sinusitis, pharyngitis, otitis media);
urological diseases (prostatitis, pyelonephritis, cystitis);
therapeutic diseases (bronchitis, pneumonia, bronchial asthma);
neurological diseases (radiculitis, neurasthenia, migraine, neuroses, neuromyositis);
cardiac diseases (stage 1 and 2 hypertension, heart disease without exacerbation);
inflammatory diseases of joints, muscles, ligaments and nerves;

In addition, electrophoresis promotes the resorption of scars and adhesions and is very useful for cosmetic procedures.

Advantages of electrophoresis

The administration of drugs using electrophoresis has a number of advantages over traditional administration. These include.

Medicinal electrophoresis is a physiotherapeutic method of electrotherapy, which consists of a combined effect on the body of galvanization (direct current of low strength and voltage) and medications.

In ion therapy, as electrophoresis is otherwise called, the undoubted benefits are complemented by many advantages of the combined effect of medicinal substances and an electric field on the body.

The principle of operation of electrophoresis

Medications are transferred by an electric field to the lesion due to the occurrence of electrolytic dissociation under the influence of current, i.e., the disintegration of drugs into differently charged ions and their movement to the electrodes of the opposite pole through the organs and tissues of the human body. Approaching the opposite electrode, the ions undergo electrolysis, i.e. lose charge from their shell and become atoms with high physical and chemical activity. To neutralize their negative effects on the body, special fabric pads moistened with water are placed on the skin directly under the electrodes. When free atoms come into contact with an aqueous environment, acid accumulates under the anode, and alkali accumulates under the cathode, which, when diluted, do not harm the patient’s skin.

Therapeutic effects of electrophoresis

General: activation of immune, metabolic and physico-chemical processes.

Therapeutic effects depend on the dominant electrode at the time of the procedure.

Cathode (negative electrode):

dilation of blood and lymphatic vessels;
relaxation;
normalization of metabolism;
normalization of the functioning of the endocrine glands;
improvement of cell metabolism;
stimulation of the secretion of biologically active substances.

Anode (positive electrode):

removal of excess fluid from the body;
reduction of inflammatory processes;
anesthesia;
sedation

Carrying out the electrophoresis procedure

Before carrying out the procedure, it is necessary to make sure what ions of charge the selected solution dissociates into - if into positively charged ones (cations) - it should be placed under the anode, if into negative ones (anions) - under the cathode to create a line of movement of ions to the opposite charge.

To carry out electrophoresis, various techniques are used depending on the presence of the disease and the desired result.

Methods of carrying out the procedure can be divided into general and local, and also the areas of exposure to the electric field can be distinguished: percutaneous technique, cavity, bath and interstitial.

The location of the electrodes can be longitudinal (for superficial impact), transverse (for impact on deeper lesions) or segmental (for impact on certain parts of the spine).

During the procedure, 2 or more electrodes are used, one or more zones are involved.

The current strength is selected individually depending on the sensitivity of a particular person. During the procedure, it is advisable to gradually increase the current strength to prevent addiction, which may cause a decrease in the effectiveness of the procedure.

The procedure lasts from 10 to 40 minutes, the course of treatment includes from 5 to 20 procedures performed daily or every other day.

Features of drug electrophoresis

ions of drugs are introduced through the ducts of the sweat and sebaceous glands of the skin;
increasing the sensitivity of skin receptors to medical substances;
complete preservation of the drugs’ pharmacological activity;
uniform distribution of the drug in the cells and intercellular fluid of the body;
depositing drugs from 1 to 15-20 days;
pronounced therapeutic effect of drugs on the body at low doses;
absence of side effects of pharmacological drugs, unlike other types of their administration;
painlessness of drug administration;
exposure of the drug directly to the area of the pathological substance, without exposing other organs and tissues;
minimizing the possibility of allergic reactions to the administered medical substance;
the possibility of introducing a combination of drugs;
The location of medications on the electrodes depends on the charge of the ions.

Requirements for medicinal products

to prepare solutions, distilled water, purified alcohol, dimethyl sulfoxide or buffer solutions are used, depending on the solubility of the substances introduced;
the solution is prepared immediately before use;
the substance should be as simple as possible in composition, without impurities;
during course exposure, the polarity of the electrodes cannot be changed during the entire course, i.e. from the first procedure to the last, the same electrode, in polarity, is applied to the same surface.

The amount of drug entering the body through electrophoresis depends on the following factors:

individual characteristics of the organism;
patient's age;
skin condition;
degree of drug dissociation;
amount of substance administered;
area of the electrode used;
specified strength and current density;
solvent properties;
duration of the procedure.

Applicable currents

In addition to galvanic current, other types of current are used in the electrophoresis procedure:

sinusoidal modulated currents;
rectified currents;
diadynamic currents;
fluctuating currents.

Indications

Electrophoresis is actively used in medicine and cosmetology.

Many diseases can be treated with an electric field. Let's consider some of them in individual medical areas.

Neurology:

inflammatory processes;
, migraine, neurosis;
organic diseases of the central nervous system.

The cardiovascular system:

vascular atherosclerosis;
hypotension.

Pulmonology:

bronchitis, pneumonia.

Surgery:

cicatricial and adhesive tissue changes;
contractures;
burns.

Dermatology, cosmetology:

telangiectasia;
post-acne scars.

Rheumatology, orthopedics:

deforming osteoarthritis;
post-traumatic joint damage;
inflammatory diseases of the musculoskeletal system.

Dentistry:

inflammatory processes in the oral cavity;
lesions of the salivary glands;
dental diseases, including fluorosis.

Gynecology:

cervical erosion;
adhesions;
hypertonicity of the uterus during pregnancy;
insufficient blood circulation of the placenta and uterus during pregnancy.

Contraindications during pregnancy: preeclampsia, eclampsia, vomiting, risk of bleeding, pathology of the kidneys, coagulation system, poor fetal condition.

Urology:

adhesive processes.

Pediatrics:

Up to 1 year - for the treatment of neurological pathologies, consequences of birth trauma, hip dysplasia, congenital dislocations, etc. After a year - restrictions can only be caused by the drug chosen for the procedure.

And allergic reactions in the form of infiltration.
Bronchial asthma during the period of subsiding attacks.
Hay fever.
, chronic diseases.
Diseases of the ENT and digestive organs.
Prevention of diseases and prevention of relapses.

Contraindications

Despite the extensive list of indications for this method of physiotherapy, it is necessary to remember the contraindications so as not to cause additional harm to the patient. In the following conditions, electrotherapy should be avoided.

The deterioration of the environmental situation and the increase in the number of congenital pathologies in recent years have led to an increase in the number of children suffering from various chronic diseases. Scientists and medical professionals are constantly searching for highly effective methods that can not only eliminate the symptoms of the disease, but also completely cure the patient.

Despite the achievements of modern pharmacology and the development of new drugs, physiotherapeutic methods remain relevant. Electrophoresis is especially often prescribed to children due to its high safety and the ability to administer low doses of medications to the area of pathological changes. Modern devices can significantly reduce the risk of side effects and make the procedure more comfortable for the patient.

Features of the action of electric current in children

Electric current can have multidirectional effects on the human body. Under its influence the following effects are observed:

vasodilator;
muscle relaxant;
lymphatic drainage:
immunostimulating;
anti-inflammatory;
hormone-regulating.

The child's body has some characteristics, according to which the electrophoresis procedure is carried out with some adjustments. Thus, the skin of children is characterized by morphofunctional immaturity. Its feature is a thinner layer of the epidermis. It has fewer layers of cells that are less tightly connected to the underlying basement membrane than in adults. In children under four months of age, sweat glands are not developed, and the system of regulation of intradermal vessels is not sufficiently developed. In addition, the skin of children is characterized by increased hydrophilicity, they absorb substances at a faster rate and have low resistance to electric current. At the same time, a child’s skin has high reparative abilities.

Since the processes of temperature and chemical regulation in young children are not sufficiently developed, electrophoresis must be carried out with extreme caution. During the treatment process, constant monitoring is required both from medical staff and from parents.

On average, for young children, exposure to electric current should not exceed 7-8 minutes. Older patients are allowed to undergo procedures lasting up to 15-20 minutes.

How is electrophoresis performed?

Considering the increased conductivity of the skin for electric current, the first procedures are performed with the selection of minimal parameters. It should be remembered that in children the physiotherapeutic effect extends not only to the skin, but also to the underlying connective and muscle tissue, as well as the periosteum. It is there that medicinal substances introduced by electrophoresis are deposited.

Patients of preschool age and infants are often afraid of the first procedures and may be frightened or refuse manipulation. In this case, the correct psychological approach on the part of hospital staff and parents is very important. It can be explained to a preschool child that physical therapy does not cause pain or discomfort. It is imperative to talk about the need for such treatment and possible sensations during the procedure (for example, a slight tingling sensation).

Also, the first procedure is performed with minimal current and less time, sometimes without turning on the device (“placebo”). For infants, electrophoresis is prescribed taking into account the timing of meals. Physiotherapists recommend doing it no earlier than an hour after feeding, or 45 minutes before it starts.

During electrophoresis, the electrode plates must be fixed with special elastic bandages. Before and after physical therapy, the nurse or doctor should examine the infant's skin for damage, redness, or burns. Experts recommend lubricating the affected area with baby cream or vegetable oil after electrophoresis. This is good for eliminating dry skin.

Medicines for electrophoresis in children

Various medications can be administered into the body using electric current. An important feature of this procedure is that its systemic impact on the child is significantly reduced. In this case, a local depot of the active substance is created precisely in the pathological focus.

Depending on the existing pathology, the following groups of drugs are used in children:

Pathology	Drug groups	Medicines
Damage to the central nervous system (perinatal, hypoxic-ischemic)	Vasodilators, dehydrating, improving venous outflow	Nicotinic acid, vitamin C, Euphyllin, Magnesium sulfate (magnesia), Glutamic acid, No-spa
Consequences of neuroinfection, traumatic brain injury	Nootropics, vasodilators	Piracetam, Magnesium sulfate, Lidase, Iodine, Nicotinic acid
Asthenic syndrome	Adaptogens, drugs with tonic effects	Caffeine, aloe extract, Piracetam
Diseases of internal organs, musculoskeletal system with pain syndrome	Anesthetics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antispasmodics	Novocaine, Analgin, Dibazol, Papaverine
Damage to peripheral nerves (neuritis, polyneuropathy)	Vitamins, anticholinesterase drugs	Vitamin B1, B6 Prozerin
Bacterial inflammatory process of internal organs	Antibiotics	Ampicillin, Erythromycin, etc.

Electrophoresis is prescribed by the attending physician (neurologist, pediatrician, orthopedist or other specialist). He also selects the required percentage of the solution, the current strength and duration of the procedure, determines the indications and in what cases a ban on physical treatment is needed.

Basic methods of electrophoresis in children

Most electrophoresis techniques performed in adult patients are also used in pediatrics. However, there are several methods designed for younger patients.

Galvanic collar according to Shcherbak

This type of physical therapy is allowed for children over two years of age. Two electrodes are used for the procedure. The first, “shawl”, measuring 200-400 cm², is placed in the collar area. The area where the electrode is located corresponds to the level of the sixth cervical vertebra or the first or second thoracic vertebra.

A second, smaller electrode is placed on the lumbosacral spine. The area where it is placed should correspond to the third or fourth lumbar vertebrae or the first sacral vertebrae. The first procedures are carried out with a current intensity of no more than 2-3 mA, subsequently the intensity of the effect is increased to 10-12 mA. The same applies to the duration of the procedure. The first one or two sessions of electrophoresis last no more than 3-4 minutes. Then the time is gradually increased to 10-15 minutes. Usually the course of treatment does not exceed 10-12 procedures.

Electrophoresis according to Vermeule

This technique is intended for newborns and infants. The procedure technique differs from the previous one; the electrodes have a different location. The first electrode is placed between the shoulder blades on the back at the level of the second to tenth thoracic vertebrae. The area of the electrode plate is about 100 cm². A second electrode of the same size is placed in the front part of the abdominal wall; there is also a method for applying it to the thigh area.

The average time for Vermeule electrophoresis in a child is 10 minutes. The impact force for children does not exceed 0.01 mA/cm². Typically, a course of therapy includes up to 10 procedures.

Interstitial electrophoresis

This method of administering drugs using electric current is used for acute pathologies. Interstitial electrophoresis is indicated in the presence of allergies to medications, to reduce their toxic effects on the child’s body.

The technique is especially often used in the treatment of pneumonia in children. The procedure can be performed in several ways:

At the same time, intravenous jet infusion of the drug and galvanization with transverse placement of electrodes are performed.
Intravenous drip administration of a drug solution and simultaneous galvanization.
Inhalation administration of the drug in combination with galvanization of the chest.
Intramuscular injection of a medication followed (after 30-60 minutes) by galvanization in the chest area.

This method of physiotherapy will allow you to administer minimal amounts of the drug. The simultaneous exposure to electric current creates its depot precisely in the area of the bronchopulmonary system and thus ensures the maximum therapeutic effect.

For pneumonia, antibiotics are usually used as a drug for electrophoresis. Experts recommend interstitial electrophoresis in the early stages of the disease. With its use in children, there is an earlier disappearance of symptoms of inflammation in the lung tissue, and the temperature normalizes faster. In addition, the length of stay of patients is reduced by 3-5 days.

Bourguignon method

This method of electrophoresis is prescribed for neurological pathologies localized intracranially (inside the skull). It is indicated for ischemic and traumatic lesions of the nervous system in children, vegetative-vascular dystonia.

The technique involves applying a bifurcated electrode to closed eyes. The second electrode plate is placed on the back of the neck.

Nasal electrophoresis

The technique is used to treat older children. Newborns and preschool children often refuse to have electrodes inserted into the nasal cavity, and the procedure is sometimes quite difficult to perform on them.

Nasal electrophoresis is carried out with novocaine and calcium. Before the procedure, the nasal cavity is washed with physiological sodium chloride solution or warm boiled water. After this, cotton wool prepared in advance is moistened in a solution of novocaine (or calcium chloride) and carefully inserted into the nasal passages with tweezers.

The ends of the turunda above the upper lip are connected to the first electrode. The second electrode is placed on the back of the neck. The duration of the procedure is from 15 to 20 minutes.

Levin method

This type of electrophoresis is indicated for hypertonicity (increased tone) of muscles and hyperkinesis of the limbs. This pathology is often observed in cerebral palsy and other organic brain lesions. For the procedure, prepare a 0.5% solution of novocaine (40 ml), add 8 drops of adrenaline to it.

Bifurcated electrodes are placed on the fingers and toes. After 15 minutes from the start of the procedure, their polarity is changed: the positive ones on the fingers are moved to the feet, and vice versa. The technique gives a good effect when simultaneously prescribed drugs with a muscle relaxant effect (Mydocalm).

Kellat-Zmanovsky technique

It is used for spastic dysarthria and stuttering. The technique of its implementation involves placing special bi-blade electrodes on the side surface of the head.

Recommended current for children is 3-7 mA, duration from 7 to 15 minutes. How long the procedure should last is determined by a neurologist or pediatrician individually, depending on the severity of the symptoms. The course of treatment consists of 10-12 procedures.

Electrophoresis for joint pathologies

For infants with hip dysplasia, electrophoresis is often included in the treatment regimen. For the procedure, it is recommended to use calcium chloride, ascorbic acid, and there are also treatment regimens with zinc sulfate. A good effect is achieved by the simultaneous use of electrophoresis and magnetic therapy (magnetophoresis).

According to orthopedic traumatologists, the use of electrophoresis contributes to the correct formation of joint tissue. This, in turn, leads to restoration of range of motion in the lower extremities.

Conclusion

Drug electrophoresis is widely used in various fields of medicine: neurology, pediatrics, orthopedics, etc. This technique has a number of advantages: it is safe, allows you to create a depot of the active substance in the pathological focus, and gives a quick and long-term effect. In addition, electrophoresis is generally available to children; almost all large medical institutions are equipped with devices for performing it.

Medicinal electrophoresis is a method of combined exposure to direct electric current, which is an active healing factor, and a medicinal substance introduced into the body with the help of current.

Irritation of nerve receptors by direct current during the procedure, and subsequently long-term continuous irritation of them by ions of the medicinal substance introduced into the patient’s skin, is transmitted to the higher vegetative centers. The resulting response in the form of a generalized ion reflex is specific to the action of the administered drug. This substance enters into metabolic processes and affects cells and tissues in the affected area. Slowly entering the blood and lymph, the medicinal substance introduced by electrophoresis affects organs and tissues sensitive to it, and the body as a whole.

Drug electrophoresis has the following advantages over other methods of introducing a drug into the body:

The medicinal substance is administered not in molecular form, but in the form of individual ingredients, while its pharmacological activity increases, and ballast substances do not enter the body;

The medicinal substance is injected directly into the tissues of the pathological focus, creating a sufficiently high concentration in it, without saturating the entire body;

The main amount of the medicinal substance is injected into the surface layer of the skin and remains in the form of a “depot” for many days, promoting the formation of ionic reflexes and ensuring prolonged action of the medicinal substance;

The medicinal substance is administered and accumulates in an area of the patient’s body with impaired microcirculation; it can be administered bypassing the blood-brain barrier (for example, with the nasal method of exposure) or the histohematic barrier (with intraorgan electrophoresis techniques);

Unlike oral and parenteral methods of administering drugs into the body, with electrophoresis, negative reactions to the administered drug are less likely to occur and its side effects are less pronounced;

The medicinal substance is administered without damaging the integrity of the skin, so sterilization of the drug is not required.

In electrophoresis, the drug is administered from the pole whose polarity corresponds to the charge of the substance. Some medications are administered from both poles. Solutions are usually prepared with distilled water, the concentration of the drug

15%. For substances that are poorly soluble in water, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is used as a solvent.

Enzyme preparations (trypsin, lidase, deoxyribonuclease) are not split into ions, and their molecules acquire a charge depending on the concentration of hydrogen ions. In alkaline solutions they acquire a negative charge and, therefore, are introduced from the cathode, and in acidic solutions they acquire a positive charge and are introduced from the anode.

The acidified buffer solution consists of 11.4 g of sodium acetate, 0.92 ml of glacial acetic acid and 1 liter of distilled water. A 2% sodium bicarbonate solution is used as an alkaline buffer solution. Buffer and medicinal solutions used for electrophoresis must be freshly prepared and can be stored for no more than seven days.

Typically, only one drug should be administered from one pole. In some cases, a mixture of two or more medications is used. For example, a mixture of A.P. is most often used for pain relief. Parfenova. It consists of 100 ml of a 0.5% solution of novocaine (lidocaine, trimecaine), 1 ml of a 0.1% solution of adrenaline hydrochloride. Mixture N.I. Strelkova has a ganglion-blocking effect and consists of 500 ml of a 5% solution of novocaine, 0.5 g of diphenhydramine, 0.8 g of pachycarpine and 0.06 g of platyphylline.

Some medicinal substances, under the influence of direct electric current, disintegrate into their component parts, which are administered independently. For example, novocaine breaks down into para-aminobenzoic acid and diethylaminoethanol. During electrophoresis of novocaine, para-aminobenzoic acid is introduced during the first 15 minutes at a low current density, which has an anti-sclerotic, stimulating effect. Then, at a higher current density, diethylaminoethanol is injected, causing anesthesia. Under the influence of galvanic current, the complex heparin molecule also breaks down into its component parts. To introduce a hydrosulfate radical, which has anticoagulant properties, a short-term exposure at a low current density is necessary.

The most commonly used medicinal substances for electrophoresis, the polarity of their ions and the required concentrations of solutions are given in Table. 1.

Table 1

Medicinal substances used for electrophoresis

Injected ion or particle		Polarity
Adrenalin	1 ml of 0.1% solution of adrenaline hydrochloride per 30 ml of isotonic sodium chloride solution	+
Aloe	2 ml liquid aloe extract per 20 ml distilled water	-
Aminocaproic	0.5 ml of 5% solution of aminocaproic acid per 20 ml of isotonic sodium chloride solution
Analgin	5% analgin solution	±
Anaprilin	5 ml of 0.1% anaprilin solution	■ь
Antipyrine	1-5% antipyrine solution

Continuation of the table. 1

Injected ion or particle	Drug used and solution concentration	Polarity
Apifor	1-10 tablets of apifor per 20 ml of distilled water	±
Ascorbic	2-5% ascorbic acid solution
Atropine	1 ml of 0.1% atropine sulfate solution per 10 ml of isotonic sodium chloride solution	+
Acetylsalicylic acid	1 g of acetylsalicylic acid per 30 ml of 25% dimexide solution	-
Baralgin	5 ml of baralgin per 30 ml of isotonic sodium chloride solution	-
Benzohexonium	1-2% benzohexonium solution	+
Bromine	2-5% sodium (potassium) bromide solution	-
Vitamin E	1 ml of 5%, 10%, 30% tocopherol acetate per 30 ml of 25% dimexide solution	+
Gangleron	6 ml of 0.2-0.5% ganglerone solution	+
Heparin	5000 10 000 units of heparin per 30 ml of isotonic sodium chloride solution
Hyaluronidase	0.2-0.5 g per 20 ml acetate buffer solution	+-
Hydrocortisone	25 mg of hydrocortisone hemisuccinate per 30 ml of 1% sodium bicarbonate solution	-
Glutamic	20 ml 1% glutamic acid solution	-
Humisol	Humisol (extract from silt mud)	±
Delagil	2.5% delagil solution	+
Diazepam	2 ml of 0.5% diazepam solution per 30 ml of isotonic sodium chloride solution	+
Dionin	5-10 ml of 0.1% dionine solution	+
Dibazol	0.5-2% dibazole solution	+
Dicaine	0.3% dicaine solution, 10 ml per pad	+
Diphenhydramine	10-20 ml of 0.5% diphenhydramine solution	+
Ichthyol	5-10% ichthyol solution	-
Iodine	2 -5% potassium iodide solution	-
Cavinton	2 ml of clavinton per 30 ml of 25% dimexide solution	+

Continuation of the table.

Injected ion or particle	Drug used and solution concentration	Polarity
Potassium	2-5% potassium chloride solution	+
Calcium	1 -5% calcium chloride solution	+
Carbacholine	1 ml of 0.1% carbachol solution per 10-20 ml of isotonic sodium chloride solution	+
Karipazim	100 mg (350 PE) per 20 ml of isotonic sodium chloride solution and 2-3 drops of dimexide	+
Codeine	10 ml 0.5% codeine phosphate solution	+
Collalysin	50 KE of collalizine per 30 ml of isotonic sodium chloride solution ex (Etroge	+
Caffeine	1% solution of caffeine sodium benzonate (prepared with 5% sodium bicarbonate solution)
Contrikal	500-10,000 units of contrical per 20 ml of 1% sodium bicarbonate solution	-
Chimes	2 ml of 0.5% solution of chimes per 20 ml of distilled water	+
Lidaza	32-64 units of lidase powder per 30 ml of acetate buffer solution (pH 5-5.2)	+
Lidocaine	0.5% lidocaine solution	+
Lithium	1 5% solution of lithium chloride, iodide, salicylate, citrate	+
Magnesium	2 5% magnesium sulfate solution	+
Mezaton	1 ml of 1% mesatone solution per pad	+
Copper	1 2% copper sulfate solution	+
Monomycin	100-200 thousand units of monomycin sulfate per 20-30 ml of isotonic sodium chloride solution	+
Sodium thiosulfate	1-3% sodium thiosulfate solution
Nicotinic acid	1 2% nicotinic acid solution	-
Novocaine	0.5-2% solution of novocaine	+
No-shpa	4 ml of 1-2% no-spa solution per pad	+
Panangin	1 2% potassium/magnesium aspartate solution	+

Continuation of the table. 1

Injected ion or particle	Drug used and solution concentration	Polarity
Papaverine	0.5% papaverine hydrochloride solution	+
Pahikarpin	1% pachycarpine hydroiodine solution	+
Papain (lecozyme)	0.01 g papain per 20 mg isotonic sodium chloride solution	+
Pilocarpine	0.1-0.5% solution of pilocaprine hydrochloride	+
Penicillin	100,000-200,000 units of penicillin sodium salt per 20 mg of isotonic sodium chloride solution
Platyfillin	1 mg of 0.2% solution of platiphylline hydrotartrate per 20 ml of isotonic sodium chloride solution	+
Prednisolone	25 mg of prednisolongemisuccinate per 30 ml of 1% sodium bicarbonate solution	-
Prozerin	1 ml of 0.05% proserin solution per 20 ml of 0.2% sodium chloride solution	+
Para-aminosalicylic acid	1-5% sodium paraaminosacylate solution	-
Ronidaza	0.5 g of ronidase per 30 ml of acetate buffer solution (pH 5.0-5.2)	+
Salicylic acid radical	1-5% sodium salicylate solution	+
Saluzid	3-5% saluzide solution	-
Seduxen	2 ml of 0.5% seduxen solution per 30 ml of isotonic sodium chloride solution	-
Vitreous	2 mg of vitreous per 20 mg of 0.2% sodium chloride solution	+
Streptomycin	200,000 units of streptomycin-calcium chloride complex per 20 ml of isotonic sodium chloride solution	±
Tetracycline	100,000 units of tetracycline per 20 ml of isotonic sodium chloride solution	+
Thiamine (vitamin B)	2-5% solution of thiamine chloride (bromide)	+
Trimekain	0.5% trimecaine solution	+
Trental	5 ml of trental per 30 ml of 2% sodium bicarbonate solution

End of table. 1

Injected ion or particle	Drug used and solution concentration	Polarity
Trypsin	10 mg trypsin per 20 ml acetate buffer solution (pH 5.2-5.4)	+
Unithiol	3-5% unithiol solution	+
Fibrinolysin	20 000 units of fibrinolysin per 20 ml of acetate buffer solution	-
Fluorine	2% sodium fluoride solution	+
Furadonin	1% solution of furadonin with 2% solution of sodium bicarbonate (pH 8.0-8.8)	-
Chymotrypsin	5 mg of chymotrypsin per 20 ml of acetate buffer solution (pH 5.2-5.4)	-
Chlorine	3-5% sodium chlorine solution	+
Zinc	0.5-1% solution of zinc sulfite (chloride)	-
Eufillin	0.5-1% solution of zinc aminophylline	±
Ephedrine	0.1-0.5% solution of ephedrine hydrochloride	+

Note: instead of the buffer solutions indicated in the text, you can use a 2-3% solution of hydrochloric acid, acidifying the medium to pH 3.0-3.5, or a 2-3% solution of sodium hydroxide to alkalize the medium to pH 8

Electrophoresis for infants is a fairly common procedure that is prescribed for the treatment of certain diseases. This frightening name for manipulation in practice turns out to be a rather simple and very useful component of treatment for the child himself. Electrophoresis has a number of advantages for the treatment of children under one year of age, and it is a pity if its use is unacceptable when there are corresponding contraindications.

Using the electrophoresis method, medications in liquid form are introduced into the child’s body, and the drugs go directly to the diseased organ. To do this, use a minimal current discharge that is not capable of causing pain or harm to the baby’s health.

The whole point of the procedure is that metal plates are attached to a certain area of the body, through which an electric current is supplied, which in turn facilitates the penetration of the medicine into the body, directly to the organ in need.

Is this dangerous for the child?

If the equipment is used correctly and the dosage of medications is followed, there will be no harm to the baby. It is also necessary to exclude contraindications for undergoing this procedure.

On the contrary, electrophoresis makes the treatment more painless. This makes it possible to avoid painful injections for the baby, as well as to avoid possible complications as a result of oral use of medications.

Unfortunately, this manipulation is not always possible; there are clearly established contraindications. But more on that later.

Parents may be a little confused or even frightened by the behavior of babies under one year old during electrophoresis physiotherapy. Many children cry or even scream, demanding an end to such manipulation. This is an understandable reaction, because he may be scared.

The unpleasant sensations that a child may experience are coolness from metal plates, as well as napkins moistened with a healing substance, and a slight tingling sensation at the site of contact with the skin.

When is electrophoresis needed?

The indications for prescribing electrophoresis for infants are quite varied. This procedure can be attributed to:

If your child has hip dysplasia.
There are various pathologies or congenital heart defects (calcium use).
For the treatment and prevention of birth injuries.
Various pathologies of the musculoskeletal system.
There are pathologies of the respiratory system (ENT, bronchitis, etc.).
Vision pathologies.
Diseases of the nervous system.
Cerebral palsy.
Stomatitis.
Eye diseases.

And this is still an incomplete list of diseases for which it is advisable to prescribe electrophoresis.

The most common indications for the use of electrophoresis in children under 1 year of age: hip dysplasia, increased muscle tone, musculoskeletal disorders, cerebral palsy.

When electrophoresis is contraindicated

Like any medical intervention, this procedure has its own indications and contraindications, in the presence of which it is unacceptable to carry out this physical procedure.

Electrophoresis is contraindicated:

If the child has an increase in body temperature.
If there are tumors in the body.
For heart failure.
During acute inflammatory processes.
With a tendency to bleeding and any bleeding disorders.
For diathesis and dermatitis in a child.
If the skin is damaged in the places where the plates are attached.
If you have bronchial asthma.
If you are allergic to the medications used or have an individual intolerance to their components.

These contraindications are absolute and cannot be ignored.

Is it possible to carry out the procedure at home?

By and large, electrophoresis can be carried out at home. However, there is one big BUT: incorrect implementation of the procedure, non-compliance with the time of exposure to current, and violation of the dosage of the administered medication can lead to harmful consequences.

Therefore, the electrophoresis procedure at home should be carried out by a trained person in order to eliminate possible errors and make the procedure safe for the child. Especially when it comes to children under one year old.

It is unacceptable to prescribe this physiotherapy on your own. There must be clear indications for it, which are established by the attending doctor.

Treatment of hip dysplasia

For DTPS in children under one year of age, electrophoresis with paraffin and calcium, therapeutic massage and gymnastics are often prescribed as part of complex therapy. In some cases, if there are indications, dispersing mechanisms are prescribed (stirrups, Freik's pillow, plaster in serious cases and mainly for children over one year old).

Electrophoresis methods

The corresponding indications allow the use of various electrophoresis techniques.

In modern medical practice, electrophoresis with magnesium lotions is widely used. Indications: respiratory diseases. At the same time, magnesium helps improve blood circulation in damaged tissues, restores the emotional and mental state of the baby. In addition, magnesia anesthetizes and relieves spasms.
The indications for which electrophoresis according to Ratner is prescribed are mainly the following: disturbances of normal blood circulation in the cervical spine and cerebral palsy.

The combined use of papaverine and aminophylline helps improve blood circulation in the cervical region.

The essence of the Ratner manipulation is as follows: an electrode with papaverine (1%) is attached to the ribs of the right side of the chest, and aminophylline (0.5%) is attached to the neck.

Calcium gluconate and calcium chloride are widely used together with vitamin C. Indications: gingivitis, paralysis, muscular dystrophy.

Contraindications to these methods are common for electrophoresis in children.

In cases where there are clear indications, this procedure is in many ways preferable to treatment with tablets, since high doses of the drug do not enter the baby’s stomach. This helps reduce the load on the kidneys, liver and spleen. In addition, auxiliary components to which allergic reactions often occur do not enter the child’s body.