Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky (July 7 (19) ( 18930719 ) , village of Baghdadi, Kutaisi province (modern Baghdati, Imereti region, Georgia) - April 14, Moscow, RSFSR) - Soviet futurist poet, playwright, designer, editor of the magazines "LEF" ("Left Front"), "New LEF" and "REF".
Biography
Vladimir Mayakovsky was born in the village of Baghdadi in Georgia into the family of Vladimir Konstantinovich Mayakovsky (1857-1906), who served as a third-class forester in the Erivan province, from 1889 in the Baghdad forestry. The poet's mother, Alexandra Alekseevna Pavlenko (1867-1954), from a family of Kuban Cossacks, was born in Kuban. Mayakovsky's family tree includes the writer Grigory Petrovich Danilevsky, who in turn had common family roots with the families of A. S. Pushkin and N. V. Gogol. In 1902, Mayakovsky entered the gymnasium in Kutaisi. After the death of his father in 1906, Mayakovsky, his mother and sisters moved to Moscow. In 1906, in Moscow, he entered the fifth gymnasium (now Moscow school No. 91), where he studied in the same class with Pasternak’s brother Shura. He interrupted his studies in 1908 and took up revolutionary activities.
Thanks to his powerful voice, brilliant artistic abilities, powerful stage temperament and incredible charisma, he becomes the clear and unsurpassed leader of all public performances of futurists. However, having a voluminous bass with a rich timbre, he had no musical abilities and could not sing, he only recited.
I want to be understood by my native country,
but I won’t be understood -
Well?!
By home country
I'll pass by
How's it going?
slanting rain.
The author then did not dare to include the poems in the text, but in 1928 he published them as part of a critical article, albeit with an apologetic explanation: “Despite all the romance sensitivity (the audience grabs their scarves), I tore out these beautiful, rain-soaked feathers.” There is an opinion that even in the panegyric poem “Good” Mayakovsky mocks the ceremonial officialdom. “He rules with a rod so that he goes to the right. / I'll go right. / Very good." Perhaps this is an involuntary self-parody, but it is also possible that it is a foreshadowing of the postmodern “Policeman” by Prigov. Geniuses often get ahead of themselves.
Nowadays, opponents of the Soviet project blame Mayakovsky for his commitment to the October Revolution. However, the revolution was sung by Blok, Bryusov, Yesenin, Klyuev, Pasternak (who, however, questioned the feasibility of the revolution in the novel “Doctor Zhivago”), Khlebnikov and many, many others, who sincerely and enthusiastically accepted the revolution as the kingdom of the third testament. Such was the general intoxication with revolutionary romance, including the great poets, praising the changes that had begun in the country, as the road to a wonderful new world opening up before a renewed humanity. Now we can say that the Revolution of 1917 had a colossal romantic charm, brought unprecedented inspiration and renewal to the masses, shaped the way of life of tens of millions of young people, and primarily thanks to the work of V.V. Mayakovsky.
In the poem “At the top of my voice” (1930) there is an affirmation of the sincerity of one’s path and the hope of being understood in the “communist distance.” However, the poem “Bad” mysteriously disappeared. Mayakovsky kept all his notebooks. His sharply satirical plays “The Bedbug” and “Bathhouse” were removed from the repertoire. His anniversary portraits were torn out from the already printed magazine by order from above. In addition, a strange parcel with a revolver arrived from Lubyanka.
A reformer of poetic language, he had a great influence on the poetry of the 20th century. Especially on Kirsanov, Voznesensky, Yevtushenko, R. Rozhdestvensky, K. Kedrov. In the poetry of ironists and postmodernists, it is present as a kind of text that was initially commented on and interpreted with the opposite meaning.
He committed suicide (shot himself) on April 14, 1930. At one time there were many rumors that it was a murder, but in the 1990s an examination was carried out based on Mayakovsky’s belongings stored in his museum, which came to the conclusion that he himself shot. However, no examination can be one hundred percent reliable. The suicide version was resolutely rejected by Nikolai Aseev, who shouted directly from the podium: “Something is wrong here! He was killed." Perhaps we will never unravel the mysterious fuss of the special services around the death of the poet. It is completely incomprehensible why, ten days after the interrogation of the poet Veronica Polonskaya’s last love, the investigator who led this complicated investigation was shot. The case of Mayakovsky's suicide was opened the day before his death. There are more questions and hypotheses here than reliable facts. In the last verses, the poet undoubtedly says goodbye to life and the reasons for leaving are by no means political “the love boat crashed into everyday life.” These are not the words of a politician, but of the most tender and subtle lyricist. The ninety-year-old translator of “The Diary of Anne Frank” Rita Wright-Kovalyova said it best about him: “He was gentle!” The best epitaph for a poet who all his life strived to be rude, a son of the era.
Is it for you, who love women and dishes,
give your life for pleasure?!
I'd rather be in the bar whores
serve pineapple water!To you! (1915)
According to the surviving memoirs of the famous writers of that time, V.P. Kataev and Yu.K. Olesha, the last day of Mayakovsky was reconstructed almost minute by minute. The writers were present in his apartment immediately after the tragic shot and testify that OGPU employees removed Mayakovsky’s brain right in his bedroom for transfer to the Brain Institute in order to establish the biological nature of genius.
The uniqueness of the Mayakovsky phenomenon, the unsurpassed scale of his creative personality, his poems, amazing in their artistic impact, are closely connected with the October Revolution. The most powerful, spiritualized, devoted and furious singer of the Revolution and Lenin was one of the founders of Soviet literary classics, a new revolutionary word. Just as Pushkin is indisputably considered the creator of new Russian literature and poetry of the 19th century, so Mayakovsky is recognized as the founder of Soviet revolutionary aesthetics, the first creator of the romantic, legendary image of V. I. Lenin. Mayakovsky, with the power of his talent, made the events of which he was a contemporary - the First World War, the February Revolution, the October Revolution, the Civil War, the NEP era - epic. Mayakovsky fearlessly addressed his descendants into the distant future, confident that he would be remembered hundreds of years from now:
My verse will break through the vastness of years
And it will appear weightily, roughly, visibly,
How the water supply system came into being these days,
Made by the slaves of Rome!
It is symbolic that the poet died when it became clear that the Revolution had taken place, when the most acute historical moments were already behind us, life in the USSR was getting better and it became obvious that the course of history was irreversible, and there was no return to pre-revolutionary times. The poet and the Revolution were made for each other, and the fact that there were no longer poets and writers of Mayakovsky’s caliber in the USSR can be explained by the fact that there was no longer an event comparable in historical scale to the October Revolution
Poet and God
The poet embodies the idea of a person as the crown of a worldview, who has the right not to take into account anything or anyone that is outside of him. A challenge to Heaven is a challenge to God, a directly stated doubt in his omnipotence.
Almighty, you made up a pair of hands,
did,
that everyone has a head -
why didn't you make it up?
so that there is no pain
kiss, kiss, kiss?!Cloud in Pants (1914-15)
The reproach to the Almighty turns into a sharp fight against God with extremely blasphemous and at the same time images that cut into the consciousness:
I thought you were an all-powerful god,
and you are a dropout, tiny god.
The work of Mayakovsky, who knew the Holy Scripture very well, is full of quotes and hidden references to it, and a constant dispute with it.
Cinema
In 1918, Mayakovsky wrote the script for the film “Not Born for Money” based on Jack London’s novel “Martin Eden”. The poet himself played the main role of Ivan Nov. Not a single copy of this film has survived.
Links
- Materials of V.V. Mayakovsky Russian State Archive of Literature and Art (RGALI)
- Songs based on poems by Mayakovsky Radio Mayakovsky
- Complete works in the Classics Collection of the Moshkov Library
- Vladimir Mayakovsky - poems in the Anthology of Russian Poetry
- Vladimir Mayakovsky. How to make poetry?
- Inna Stessel. Comrade Konstantin
- Yuri Zverev. Under someone else's name
Literature
- Nikolay Aseev. Mayakovsky begins (poem)
- Valentin Kataev. My Diamond Crown (“About the Commander”)
- Yuri Olesha. Vl. Mayakovsky
- Benedict Livshits. One and a half eyed Sagittarius
- Iskrzhitskaya I. Yu., Kormilov S. I. Vladimir Mayakovsky. M.: Moscow State University Publishing House, 1999. (Rereading the classics).
- Alfonsov V. N. In conflict with beloved art // Words and colors
- Alfonsov V. N. Poet-painter // Words and colors
- I. P. Smirnov. The place of the “mythopoetic” approach to a literary work among other interpretations of the text (about Mayakovsky’s poem “That’s how I became a dog”) // Myth - folklore - literature. L.: 1978. S. 186-203.
- Pin L.
Russian poet, playwright and satirist, screenwriter and editor of several magazines, film director and actor. He is one of the greatest futurist poets of the twentieth century.
Date and place of birth: July 19, 1893, Baghdati, Kutaisi province, Russian Empire.
Today we will tell you about the life of Mayakovsky using facts.
Vladimir Mayakovsky was born in the village of Bagdati, Kutaisi province (in Soviet times, the village was called Mayakovsky) in Georgia, in the family of Vladimir Konstantinovich Mayakovsky (1857-1906), who served as a third-class forester in the Erivan province, from 1889 in the Bagdati forestry.
I want to be understood by my native country,
but I won’t be understood -
Well?!
By home country
I'll pass by
How's it going?
slanting rain.
The poet's mother, Alexandra Alekseevna Pavlenko (1867-1954), from a family of Kuban Cossacks, was born in Kuban, in the village of Ternovskaya.
The future poet had two sisters: Lyudmila (1884-1972) and Olga (1890-1949), and two brothers: Konstantin (died at the age of three from scarlet fever) and Alexander (died in infancy).
Could you?
I immediately blurred the map of everyday life,
splashing paint from a glass;
I showed the jelly on the dish
slanting cheekbones of the ocean.
On the scales of a tin fish
I read the calls of new lips.
And you
play nocturne
could
on the drainpipe flute?
Many streets in cities of Russia and other countries are named after Mayakovsky: Berlin, Dzerzhinsk, Donetsk, Zaporozhye, Izhevsk, Kaliningrad, Kislovodsk, Kyiv, Kutaisi, Minsk, Moscow, Odessa, Penza, Perm, Ruzaevka, Samara, St. Petersburg, Tbilisi, Tuapse, Grozny, Ufa, Khmelnitsky.
In 1902, Mayakovsky entered the gymnasium in Kutaisi. Like his parents, he was fluent in Georgian. He took part in a revolutionary demonstration and read propaganda brochures.
To you!
To you, who live behind the orgy orgy,
having a bathroom and a warm closet!
Shame on you about those presented to George
read from newspaper columns?Do you know, many mediocre,
those who think it’s better to get drunk how -
maybe now the leg bomb
tore Petrov's lieutenant away?..If he is brought to slaughter,
suddenly I saw, wounded,
how you have a lip smeared in a cutlet
lustfully humming the Northerner!Is it for you, who love women and dishes,
give your life for pleasure?!
I'd rather be at the bar... I'll be
serve pineapple water!
In February 1906, his father died of blood poisoning after pricking his finger with a needle while stitching papers. Since then, Mayakovsky could not stand pins and hairpins, and his bacteriophobia remained a lifelong one.
In July 1906, Mayakovsky, together with his mother and sisters, moved to Moscow, where he entered the fourth grade of the 5th classical gymnasium.
The family lived in poverty. In March 1908, he was expelled from the 5th grade due to non-payment of tuition.
The minor planet (2931) Mayakovsky, discovered on October 16, 1969 by L. I. Chernykh, is named in honor of Vladimir Mayakovsky.
Conclusion
Love won't wash away
no quarrel
not a mile.
Thought out
verified
verified.
Raising solemnly the stock-fingered verse,
I swear -
I love
unchanged and true!
Mayakovsky published his first “half-poem” in the illegal magazine “Rush,” which was published by the Third Gymnasium. According to him, “it turned out incredibly revolutionary and equally ugly.”
Three times in his entire life Mayakovsky was arrested.
In Moscow, Mayakovsky met revolutionary-minded students, began to become interested in Marxist literature, and in 1908 joined the RSDLP. He was a propagandist in the commercial and industrial subdistrict, and was arrested three times in 1908-1909.
I always carried a soap dish with me and washed my hands regularly.
In prison, Mayakovsky was a “scandal,” so he was often transferred from unit to unit: Basmannaya, Meshchanskaya, Myasnitskaya and, finally, Butyrskaya prison, where he spent 11 months in solitary confinement No. 103.
During his life, Mayakovsky visited not only Europe, but also America.
It came out stilted and tearful. Something like:
The forests dressed in gold and purple,
The sun played on the heads of the churches.
I waited: but the days were lost in the months,
Hundreds of tedious days.I filled a whole notebook with this. Thanks to the guards - they took me away when I left. Otherwise I would have printed it!
- “I myself” (1922-1928)
Mayakovsky liked to play billiards and cards, which suggests his love of gambling.
After his third arrest, he was released from prison in January 1910. After his release, he left the party. In 1918 he wrote in his autobiography: “Why not in the party? Communists worked at the fronts. In art and education there are still compromisers. They would send me to fish in Astrakhan.”
In 1930, Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky shot himself, having written a suicide note 2 days before.
In 1911, the poet’s friend, bohemian artist Eugenia Lang, inspired the poet to take up painting.
Who to be?
My years are getting older
will be seventeen.
Where should I work then?
what to do?
Required workers -
joiners and carpenters!
It's tricky to work furniture:
at first
We
take a log
and sawing boards
long and flat.
These boards
like this
clamps
workbench table
From work
saw
glowed white hot.
From under the file
sawdust is falling.
Plane
in hand -
different work:
knots, squiggles
planing with a plane.
Good shavings -
yellow toys.
Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky starred in several films.
On November 30, 1912, Mayakovsky’s first public performance took place in the artistic basement “Stray Dog”.
The steamship, which sank in Riga in 1950, was named after Mayakovsky.
Mayakovsky gave Liliya Brik a ring with the engraving “Lyub”, which meant “I love you”.
Giveaway
Do I entangle a woman in a touching romance,
I just look at the passerby -
everyone carefully holds their pocket.
Funny!
From the poor -
what to cheat from them?How many years will pass, until they find out -
candidate for a fathom of the city morgue –
I
infinitely richer
than any Pierpont Morgan.After so many, so many years
- in a word, I won’t survive -
I'll die of hunger,
I'll stand under the gun -
me,
today's redhead,
professors will learn to the last iota,
How,
When,
where it appears.Will
from the pulpit a big-faced idiot
grind something about the god-devil.The crowd will bow
fawning,
vain.
You won't even know -
I'm not me:
she will paint a bald head
into horns or radiance.Every student
before you lie down,
she
will not forget to be transfixed by my poems.
I'm a pessimist
I know -
forever
the student will live on earth.Listen:
everything that my soul owns,
- and her wealth, go and kill her! –
splendor,
what will decorate my step for eternity
and my very immortality,
which, thundering through all centuries,
a world meeting will gather the kneeling,
do you want all this? –
I'll give it back now
for just one word
affectionate,
human.People!
Dusting the avenues, trampling the rye,
go from all over the earth.
Today
in Petrograd
on Nadezhdinskaya
not for a penny
The most precious crown is for sale.For a human word -
isn't it cheap?
Go ahead
try,-
how come
you will find him!
In 1913, Mayakovsky’s first collection “I” (a cycle of four poems) was published. It was written by hand, provided with drawings by Vasily Chekrygin and Lev Zhegin and reproduced lithographically in the amount of 300 copies. As the first section, this collection was included in the poet’s book of poems “Simple as a Moo” (1916).
Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky always gave money to needy old people.
Mayakovsky really liked dogs.
School No. 1 in the city of Jermuk (Armenia) was named in honor of Mayakovsky.
I love
Usually like this
Love is given to anyone born, -
but between services,
income
and other things
from day to day
the soil of the heart hardens.
The body is put on the heart,
on the body - a shirt.
But this is not enough!
One -
idiot!-
made the cuffs
and my breasts began to be filled with starch.
They will come to their senses in old age.
The woman rubs herself.
A man is waving a windmill at Müller.
But it's too late.
The skin multiplies with wrinkles.
Love will bloom
will bloom -
and shrinks.As a boy
I was moderately gifted with love.
But since childhood
people
laboriously trained.
In 1914-1915, Mayakovsky worked on the poem “A Cloud in Pants”. After the outbreak of the First World War, the poem “War Has Been Declared” was published. In August, Mayakovsky decided to sign up as a volunteer, but he was not allowed, explaining this as political unreliability. Soon Mayakovsky expressed his attitude towards serving in the tsarist army in the poem “To you!”, which later became a song.
Mayakovsky usually composed poetry on the go. Sometimes he had to walk 15-20 km to come up with the right rhyme.
On March 29, 1914, Mayakovsky, together with Burliuk and Kamensky, arrived on tour in Baku - as part of the “famous Moscow futurists.” That evening, at the Mailov Brothers Theater, Mayakovsky read a report on futurism, illustrating it with poetry.
You
Came -
businesslike,
behind the roar,
for growth,
looking at
I just saw a boy.
I took it
took my heart
and just
went to play -
like a girl with a ball.
And each -
a miracle seems to be seen -
where the lady dug in,
where is the girl?
“To love someone like that?
Yes, this one will rush!
Must be a tamer.
Must be from the menagerie!”
And I rejoice.
He is not there -
yoke!
I can’t remember myself from joy,
galloped
Jumped like a wedding Indian,
it was so fun
it was easy for me.
In 1937, the Mayakovsky Library-Museum was opened in Moscow (formerly Gendrikov Lane, now Mayakovsky Lane). In January 1974, the State Mayakovsky Museum was opened in Moscow (on Bolshaya Lubyanka). In 2013, the main building of the museum was closed for reconstruction, but exhibitions are still held.
Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky was considered an accomplice in the anti-religious campaign, where he promoted atheism.
In 1915-1917, Mayakovsky, under the patronage of Maxim Gorky, served in Petrograd at the Automotive Training School. Soldiers were not allowed to publish, but he was saved by Osip Brik, who bought the poems “Spine Flute” and “Cloud in Pants” for 50 kopecks per line and published them.
For the creation of the "ladder". Many other poets accused Mayakovsky of cheating.
In 1918, Mayakovsky starred in three films based on his own scripts. In August 1917, he decided to write "Mystery Bouffe", which was completed on October 25, 1918 and staged for the anniversary of the revolution.
Mayakovsky had unrequited love in Paris for the Russian emigrant Tatyana Yakovlevna.
On December 17, 1918, the poet first read the poem “Left March” from the stage of the Matrossky Theater. In March 1919, he moved to Moscow, began actively collaborating with ROSTA (1919-1921), and designed (as a poet and as an artist) propaganda and satirical posters for ROSTA (“ROSTA Windows”).
Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky had a daughter from Russian emigrant Elizaveta Siebert, who died in 2016.
In 1922-1924, Mayakovsky made several trips abroad - Latvia, France, Germany; wrote essays and poems about European impressions.
Mayakovsky was considered an ardent supporter of the revolution, even though he defended socialist and communist ideals.
In 1925, his longest journey took place: a trip across America. Mayakovsky visited Havana, Mexico City and for three months spoke in various cities of the United States, reading poems and reports.
Over the years of his life, Mayakovsky tried himself as a designer.
Mayakovsky's works have been translated into different languages of the world.
Me and Napoleon
I live on Bolshaya Presnya,
36, 24.
The place is calm.
Quiet.
Well?
It seems - what do I care?
that somewhere
in the storm-world
took it and invented a war?Night has come.
Good.
Insinuating.
And why are some young ladies
trembling, timidly turning
huge eyes, like spotlights?
Street crowds to heavenly moisture
fell with burning lips,
and the city, fraying its flag-like little hands,
prays and prays with red crosses.
The bare-haired church of the boulevard
headboard.
In 1927, he restored the LEF magazine under the name “New LEF”. A total of 24 issues were published. In the summer of 1928, Mayakovsky became disillusioned with LEF and left the organization and the magazine. In the same year, he began writing his personal biography, “I Myself.”
Mayakovsky's main needs were travel.
In his works, Mayakovsky was uncompromising, and therefore inconvenient. In the works he wrote in the late 1920s, tragic motifs began to appear. Critics called him only a “fellow traveler” and not the “proletarian writer” that he wanted to see himself.
Mayakovsky and Liliya Brik never hid their relationship, and Liliya’s husband was not against this outcome of events.
In the spring of 1930, the Circus on Tsvetnoy Boulevard was preparing a grandiose performance of “Moscow is Burning” based on Mayakovsky’s play; the dress rehearsal was scheduled for April 21, but the poet did not live to see it.
Major publications began publishing Mayakovsky's works only in 1922.
In 1918, Lilya and Vladimir starred in the film “Chained by Film” based on Mayakovsky’s script. To date, the film has survived in fragments. Photographs and a large poster depicting Lilya, entangled in film, also survived.
Tatyana Yakovleva, another beloved woman of Mayakovsky, was 15 years younger than him.
Despite his close communication with Lilya Brik, Mayakovsky’s personal life was not limited to her. According to evidence and materials collected in the Channel One documentary “The Third Extra,” which premiered on the 120th anniversary of the poet on July 20, 2013, Mayakovsky is the natural father of the Soviet sculptor Gleb-Nikita Lavinsky (1921-1986).
Mayakovsky studied in the same class with Pasternak's brother.
In 1926, Mayakovsky received an apartment in Gendrikov Lane, in which the three of them lived with the Briks until 1930 (now Mayakovsky Lane, 15/13).
In 1927, the film “The Third Meshchanskaya” (“Love for Three”), directed by Abram Room, was released. The script was written by Viktor Shklovsky, taking as a basis the well-known “threesome love” between Mayakovsky and the Briks.
The year 1930 began poorly for Mayakovsky. He was sick a lot. In February, Lilya and Osip Brik left for Europe. There was an embarrassment with his long-awaited exhibition “20 Years of Work”, which was not visited by any of the prominent writers and state leaders, as the poet had hoped for. The premiere of the play “Bathhouse” was unsuccessful in March, and the play “The Bedbug” was also expected to fail.
Two days before his suicide, on April 12, Mayakovsky had a meeting with readers at the Polytechnic Institute, which was attended mainly by Komsomol members; There were many unflattering shouts from the seats. The poet was haunted by quarrels and scandals everywhere. His mental state became increasingly unstable.
Since the spring of 1919, Mayakovsky, despite the fact that he constantly lived with the Briks, had for work a small boat-like room on the fourth floor of a communal apartment on Lubyanka (now this is the State Museum of V.V. Mayakovsky, Lubyansky proezd, 3/6 p.4). The suicide took place in this room.
Source-Internet
Name: Vladimir Mayakovskiy
Age: 37 years old
Height: 189
Activity: poet, publicist, playwright, actor, director, artist
Marital status: wasn't married
Vladimir Mayakovsky: biography
The brilliant works of Vladimir Mayakovsky evoke true admiration among millions of his admirers. He deservedly ranks among the greatest futurist poets of the 20th century. In addition, Mayakovsky proved himself to be an extraordinary playwright, satirist, film director, screenwriter, artist, and editor of several magazines. His life, multifaceted creativity, as well as personal relationships full of love and emotions remain an incompletely solved mystery today.
The talented poet was born in the small Georgian village of Bagdati (Russian Empire). His mother Alexandra Alekseevna belonged to a Cossack family from Kuban, and his father Vladimir Konstantinovich worked as a simple forester. Vladimir had two brothers - Kostya and Sasha, who died in childhood, as well as two sisters - Olya and Lyuda.
Mayakovsky knew the Georgian language very well and from 1902 he studied at the Kutaisi gymnasium. Already in his youth he was captured by revolutionary ideas, and while studying at the gymnasium, he participated in a revolutionary demonstration.
In 1906, his father died suddenly. The cause of death was blood poisoning, which occurred as a result of a finger prick with an ordinary needle. This event shocked Mayakovsky so much that in the future he completely avoided hairpins and pins, fearing the fate of his father.
In the same 1906, Alexandra Alekseevna and her children moved to Moscow. Vladimir continued his studies at the fifth classical gymnasium, where he attended classes with the poet’s brother, Alexander. However, with the death of his father, the family's financial situation worsened significantly. As a result, in 1908, Vladimir was unable to pay for his education, and he was expelled from the fifth grade of the gymnasium.
Creation
In Moscow, a young guy began to communicate with students who were keen on revolutionary ideas. In 1908, Mayakovsky decided to become a member of the RSDLP and often propagandized among the population. During 1908-1909, Vladimir was arrested three times, but due to his minority and lack of evidence, he was forced to be released.
During the investigations, Mayakovsky could not calmly stay within four walls. Due to constant scandals, he was often transferred to different places of detention. As a result, he ended up in Butyrka prison, where he spent eleven months and began writing poetry.
In 1910, the young poet was released from prison and immediately left the party. The following year, the artist Evgenia Lang, with whom Vladimir was on friendly terms, recommended that he take up painting. While studying at the school of painting, sculpture and architecture, he met the founders of the futurist group “Gilea” and joined the Cubo-Futurists.
Mayakovsky's first work to be published was the poem “Night” (1912). At the same time, the young poet made his first public appearance in the artistic basement, which was called “Stray Dog.”
Vladimir, together with members of the Cubo-Futurist group, participated in a tour of Russia, where he gave lectures and his poems. Positive reviews about Mayakovsky soon appeared, but he was often considered outside the futurists. believed that among the futurists Mayakovsky was the only real poet.
The young poet’s first collection, “I,” was published in 1913 and consisted of only four poems. This year also marks the writing of the rebellious poem “Here!”, in which the author challenges the entire bourgeois society. The following year, Vladimir created a touching poem “Listen,” which amazed readers with its colorfulness and sensitivity.
The brilliant poet was also attracted to drama. The year 1914 was marked by the creation of the tragedy “Vladimir Mayakovsky”, presented to the public on the stage of the St. Petersburg Luna Park Theater. At the same time, Vladimir acted as its director, as well as the leading actor. The main motive of the work was the rebellion of things, which connected the tragedy with the work of the futurists.
In 1914, the young poet firmly decided to voluntarily enlist in the army, but his political unreliability frightened the authorities. He did not go to the front and, in response to neglect, wrote the poem “To You,” in which he gave his assessment of the tsarist army. In addition, Mayakovsky’s brilliant works soon appeared - “A Cloud in Pants” and “War Has Been Declared”.
The following year, a fateful meeting between Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky and the Brik family took place. From now on, his life was a single whole with Lilya and Osip. From 1915 to 1917, thanks to the patronage of M. Gorky, the poet served in an automobile school. And although he, being a soldier, did not have the right to publish, Osip Brik came to his aid. He acquired two of Vladimir's poems and soon published them.
At the same time, Mayakovsky plunged into the world of satire and in 1915 published the cycle of works “Hymns” in the “New Satyricon”. Soon two large collections of works appeared - “Simple as a Moo” (1916) and “Revolution. Poetochronika" (1917).
The great poet met the October Revolution at the headquarters of the uprising in Smolny. He immediately began to cooperate with the new government and participated in the first meetings of cultural figures. Let us note that Mayakovsky led a detachment of soldiers who arrested General P. Sekretev, who ran the automobile school, although he had previously received the medal “For Diligence” from his hands.
The years 1917-1918 were marked by the release of several works by Mayakovsky dedicated to revolutionary events (for example, “Ode to the Revolution”, “Our March”). On the first anniversary of the revolution, the play “Mystery-bouffe” was presented.
Mayakovsky was also interested in filmmaking. In 1919, three films were released, in which Vladimir acted as an actor, screenwriter and director. At the same time, the poet began collaborating with ROSTA and worked on propaganda and satirical posters. At the same time, Mayakovsky worked for the newspaper “Art of the Commune”.
In addition, in 1918, the poet created the Komfut group, the direction of which can be described as communist futurism. But already in 1923, Vladimir organized another group - the “Left Front of the Arts”, as well as the corresponding magazine “LEF”.
At this time, several bright and memorable works of the brilliant poet were created: “About This” (1923), “Sevastopol - Yalta” (1924), “Vladimir Ilyich Lenin” (1924). We emphasize that during the reading of the last poem at the Bolshoi Theater, I myself was present. Mayakovsky's speech was followed by a standing ovation that lasted 20 minutes. In general, it was the years of the civil war that turned out to be the best time for Vladimir, which he mentioned in the poem “Good!” (1927).
No less important and eventful was the period of frequent travel for Mayakovsky. During 1922-1924 he visited France, Latvia and Germany, to which he dedicated several works. In 1925, Vladimir went to America, visiting Mexico City, Havana and many US cities.
The beginning of the 20s was marked by heated controversy between Vladimir Mayakovsky and. The latter at that time joined the Imagists - irreconcilable opponents of the Futurists. In addition, Mayakovsky was a poet of the revolution and the city, and Yesenin extolled the countryside in his work.
However, Vladimir could not help but recognize the unconditional talent of his opponent, although he criticized him for his conservatism and addiction to alcohol. In a sense, they were kindred spirits - hot-tempered, vulnerable, in constant search and despair. They were even united by the theme of suicide, which was present in the work of both poets.
During 1926-1927, Mayakovsky created 9 film scripts. In addition, in 1927, the poet resumed the activities of the LEF magazine. But a year later he left the magazine and the corresponding organization, completely disillusioned with them. In 1929, Vladimir founded the REF group, but the following year he left it and became a member of RAPP.
At the end of the 20s, Mayakovsky again turned to drama. He is preparing two plays: “The Bedbug” (1928) and “Bathhouse” (1929), intended specifically for Meyerhold’s theater stage. They thoughtfully combine a satirical presentation of the reality of the 20s with a look into the future.
Meyerhold compared Mayakovsky's talent with the genius of Moliere, but critics greeted his new works with devastating comments. In “The Bedbug” they found only artistic shortcomings, but even accusations of an ideological nature were brought against “Bath”. Many newspapers carried extremely offensive articles, and some of them had the headlines “Down with Mayakovism!”
The fateful year of 1930 began for the greatest poet with numerous accusations from his colleagues. Mayakovsky was told that he was not a true “proletarian writer”, but only a “fellow traveler”. But, despite the criticism, in the spring of that year Vladimir decided to take stock of his activities, for which he organized an exhibition called “20 years of work.”
The exhibition reflected all of Mayakovsky's many-sided achievements, but brought complete disappointment. Neither the poet’s former colleagues at LEF nor the top party leadership visited her. It was a cruel blow, after which a deep wound remained in the poet’s soul.
Death
In 1930, Vladimir was sick a lot and was even afraid of losing his voice, which would put an end to his performances on stage. The poet's personal life turned into an unsuccessful struggle for happiness. He was very lonely, because the Briks, his constant support and consolation, had gone abroad.
Attacks from all sides fell on Mayakovsky with a heavy moral burden, and the poet’s vulnerable soul could not stand it. On April 14, Vladimir Mayakovsky shot himself in the chest, which was the cause of his death.
Grave of Vladimir Mayakovsky After Mayakovsky's death, his works came under an unspoken ban and were almost never published. In 1936, Lilya Brik wrote a letter to I. Stalin himself asking for assistance in preserving the memory of the great poet. In his resolution, Stalin highly appreciated the achievements of the deceased and gave permission for the publication of Mayakovsky's works and the creation of a museum.
Personal life
The love of Mayakovsky's life was Lilya Brik, whom he met in 1915. At that time, the young poet was dating her sister, Elsa Triolet, and one day the girl brought Vladimir to the Brikovs’ apartment. There Mayakovsky first read the poem “A Cloud in Pants”, and then solemnly dedicated it to Lila. It is not surprising, but the prototype of the heroine of this poem was the sculptor Maria Denisova, with whom the poet fell in love in 1914.
Soon, a romance broke out between Vladimir and Lilya, while Osip Brik turned a blind eye to his wife’s passion. Lilya became Mayakovsky's muse; it was to her that he dedicated almost all his poems about love. He expressed the boundless depth of his feelings for Brik in the following works: “Flute-Spine”, “Man”, “To Everything”, “Lilichka!” etc.
The lovers participated together in the filming of the film “Chained by Film” (1918). Moreover, since 1918, Briki and the great poet began to live together, which fit well into the marriage and love concept that existed at that time. They changed their place of residence several times, but each time they settled together. Often Mayakovsky even supported the Brik family, and from all his trips abroad he always brought luxurious gifts to Lila (for example, a Renault car).
Despite the poet’s boundless affection for Lilichka, there were other lovers in his life, who even bore him children. In 1920, Mayakovsky had a close relationship with the artist Lilya Lavinskaya, who gave him a son, Gleb-Nikita (1921-1986).
The year 1926 was marked by another fateful meeting. Vladimir met Ellie Jones, an emigrant from Russia, who gave birth to his daughter Elena-Patricia (1926-2016). The poet also had fleeting relationships with Sofia Shamardina and Natalya Bryukhanenko.
In addition, in Paris, the outstanding poet met with emigrant Tatyana Yakovleva. The feelings that flared up between them gradually grew stronger and promised to turn into something serious and lasting. Mayakovsky wanted Yakovleva to come to Moscow, but she refused. Then, in 1929, Vladimir decided to go to Tatyana, but problems with obtaining a visa became an insurmountable obstacle for him.
Vladimir Mayakovsky's last love was the young and married actress Veronica Polonskaya. The poet demanded that the 21-year-old girl leave her husband, but Veronica did not dare to make such serious changes in life, because 36-year-old Mayakovsky seemed contradictory, impulsive and fickle to her.
Difficulties in his relationship with his young lover pushed Mayakovsky to take a fatal step. She was the last person Vladimir saw before his death and tearfully asked her not to go to the planned rehearsal. Before the door could close behind the girl, the fatal shot sounded. Polonskaya did not dare to come to the funeral, because the poet’s relatives considered her to be the culprit in the death of a loved one.
Vladimir Vladimirovich
Mayakovsky
Born on July 7, 1893 in one of the Georgian villages - Baghdati. The Mayakovsky family was classified as foresters; in addition to their son Vladimir, there were two more sisters in their family, and two brothers died at an early age.
Vladimir Mayakovsky received his primary education at the Kutaisi gymnasium, where he studied since 1902. In 1906, Mayakovsky and his family moved to Moscow, where his path to education continued at gymnasium No. 5. But, due to the inability to pay for his studies at the gymnasium, Mayakovsky was expelled.
The beginning of the revolution did not leave Vladimir Vladimirovich aside. After being expelled from the gymnasium, he joins the RSDLP (Russian Social Democratic Party).
After being active in the party, Mayakovsky was arrested in 1909, where he wrote his first poem. Already in 1911, Mayakovsky continued his education and entered the painting school in Moscow. There he was ardently interested in the work of the futurists.
For Vladimir Mayakovsky, 1912 was the year his creative life began. It was at this time that his first poetic work, “Night,” was published. The following year, 1913, the poet and writer created the tragedy “Vladimir Mayakovsky,” which he himself directed and in which he played the main role.
Vladimir Mayakovsky's famous poem “A Cloud in Pants” was completed in 1915. Mayakovsky's further work, in addition to anti-war themes, contains satirical motifs.
A proper place in Vladimir Vladimirovich’s creative path is given to writing scripts for films. So, in 1918 he starred in 3 of his films.
The following year, 1919, was marked for Mayakovsky by the popularization of the theme of revolution. This year, Mayakovsky took an active part in the creation of posters “Windows of Satire ROSTA”.
Vladimir Mayakovsky is the author of the creative association “Left Front of the Arts”, in which he later began to work as an editor. This magazine published works by famous writers of that time: Osip Brik, Pasternak, Arvatov, Tretyakov and others.
Since 1922, Vladimir Mayakovsky has been traveling around the world, visiting Latvia, France, Germany, the USA, Havana and Mexico.
It was while traveling that Mayakovsky gave birth to a daughter from an affair with a Russian emigrant.
Mayakovsky's greatest and true love was Lilia Brik. Vladimir was close friends with her husband, and then Mayakovsky moved to live in their apartment, where a stormy romance with Lilia began. Lilia's husband, Osip, practically lost her to Mayakovsky.
Mayakovsky did not officially register any of his relationships, although he was extremely popular among women. It is known that in addition to his daughter, Mayakovsky has a son.
In the early 30s, Mayakovsky’s health suffered greatly, and then a series of failures awaited him: the exhibition dedicated to the 20th anniversary of his work was doomed to failure, and the premieres of “The Bedbug” and “Bathhouse” did not take place. Vladimir Vladimirovich's state of mind left much to be desired.
Thus, the gradual depression of his condition and mental health, on April 14, 1930, the poet’s soul could not stand it and Mayakovsky shot himself.
Many objects are named in his honor: libraries, streets, metro stations, parks, cinemas and squares.
In Ladimir, Mayakovsky did not immediately start writing poetry - at first he was going to become an artist and even studied painting. The poet's fame came to him after meeting avant-garde artists, when David Burliuk greeted the young author's first works with delight. Futurist group, “Today's Lubok”, “Left Front of the Arts”, advertising “Windows of GROWTH” - Vladimir Mayakovsky worked in many creative associations. He also wrote for newspapers, published a magazine, made films, created plays and staged performances based on them.
Vladimir Mayakovsky with his sister Lyudmila. Photo: vladimir-mayakovsky.ru
Vladimir Mayakovsky with his family. Photo: vladimir-mayakovsky.ru
Vladimir Mayakovsky in childhood. Photo: rewizor.ru
Vladimir Mayakovsky was born in Georgia in 1893. His father served as a forester in the village of Baghdadi, and later the family moved to Kutaisi. Here the future poet studied at the gymnasium and took drawing lessons: the only Kutaisi artist, Sergei Krasnukha, taught him for free. When the wave of the first Russian revolution reached Georgia, Mayakovsky - as a child - participated in rallies for the first time. His sister Lyudmila Mayakovskaya recalled: “The revolutionary struggle of the masses also influenced Volodya and Olya. The Caucasus experienced the revolution especially acutely. There everyone was involved in the struggle, and everyone was divided into those who participated in the revolution, those who definitely sympathized with it and those who were hostile.”.
In 1906, when Vladimir Mayakovsky was 13 years old, his father died from blood poisoning: he injured his finger with a needle while stitching papers. Until the end of his life, the poet was afraid of bacteria: he always carried soap with him, took a collapsible basin with him when traveling, carried cologne with him for rubbing and carefully monitored hygiene.
After the death of the father, the family found itself in a difficult situation. Mayakovsky recalled: “After my father’s funeral, we have 3 rubles. Instinctively, feverishly, we sold out of tables and chairs. We moved to Moscow. For what? There weren’t even any acquaintances”. In a Moscow gymnasium, the young poet wrote his first “incredibly revolutionary and equally ugly” poem and published it in an illegal school magazine. In 1909–1910, Mayakovsky was arrested several times: he joined the Bolshevik Party and worked in an underground printing house. At first, the young revolutionary was given “on bail” to his mother, and for the third time he was sent to prison. Mayakovsky later called confinement in solitary confinement “11 Butyrka months.” He wrote poetry, but the notebook with lyrical experiments - “stilted and tearful,” as the author assessed them - was taken away by the guards.
In conclusion, Mayakovsky read many books. He dreamed of a new art, a new aesthetics that would be radically different from the classical one. Mayakovsky decided to study painting - he changed several teachers and a year later he entered the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture. Here the young artist met David Burliuk, and later Velimir Khlebnikov and Alexei Kruchenykh. Mayakovsky again wrote poetry, which his new comrades were delighted with. Avant-garde authors decided to unite against the “old aesthetics,” and soon a manifesto of a new creative group appeared - “A Slap in the Face of Public Taste.”
David has the anger of a master who has surpassed his contemporaries, I have the pathos of a socialist who knows the inevitability of the collapse of old things. Russian futurism was born.
Vladimir Mayakovsky, excerpt from autobiography “I Myself”
Futurists spoke at meetings - read poems and lectures on new poetry. For public speaking, Vladimir Mayakovsky was expelled from the school. In 1913–1914, a famous futurist tour took place: the creative group toured Russian cities with performances.
Burliuk traveled and promoted futurism. But he loved Mayakovsky, stood at the cradle of his poetry, knew his biography to the smallest detail, knew how to read his things - and therefore, through David Davidovich’s butads, Mayakovsky’s appearance appeared so material that one wanted to touch him with his hands.
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Upon arrival in the city, Burliuk first organized an exhibition of futuristic paintings and manuscripts, and in the evening gave a report.Futurist poet Pyotr Neznamov
Vladimir Mayakovsky, Vsevolod Meyerhold, Alexander Rodchenko and Dmitry Shostakovich at the rehearsal of the play “The Bedbug”. 1929. Photo: subscribe.ru
Vladimir Mayakovsky and Lilya Brik in the film “Chained by Film.” 1918. Photo: geometria.by
Vladimir Mayakovsky (third from left) and Vsevolod Meyerhold (second from left) at the rehearsal of the play “Bathhouse”. 1930. Photo: bse.sci-lib.com
Vladimir Mayakovsky was interested not only in poetry and painting. In 1913, he made his debut in the theater: he himself wrote the tragedy “Vladimir Mayakovsky”, staged it on stage and played the main role. In the same year, the poet became interested in cinema - he began writing scripts, and a year later he starred for the first time in the film “Drama in the Futurist Cabaret No. 13” (the picture has not survived). During the First World War, Vladimir Mayakovsky was a member of the avant-garde association “Today's Lubok”. Its participants - Kazimir Malevich, David Burliuk, Ilya Mashkov and others - painted patriotic postcards for the front, inspired by traditional popular prints. Simple colorful pictures were created for them and short poems were written in which they ridiculed the enemy.
In 1915, Mayakovsky met Osip and Lilya Brik. The poet later noted this event in his autobiography with the subtitle “the most joyful date.” Lilya Brik became Mayakovsky's lover and muse for many years; he dedicated poems and poems to her, and even after breaking up he continued to declare his love. In 1918, they starred together in the film Chained by Film - both in leading roles.
In November of the same year, the premiere of Mayakovsky’s play “Mystery Bouffe” took place. It was staged at the Musical Drama Theater by Vsevolod Meyerhold, and designed in the best traditions of the avant-garde by Kazimir Malevich. Meyerhold recalled working with the poet: “Mayakovsky was knowledgeable in very subtle theatrical, technological things that we, directors, know, which we usually study for a very long time in different schools, practically in the theater, etc. Mayakovsky always guessed every right and wrong stage decision, precisely as a director.”. The “revolutionary folk play,” as translator Rita Wright called it, was staged several more times.
A year later, the intense era of “GROWTH Windows” began: artists and poets collected hot topics and produced propaganda posters - they are often called the first Soviet social advertising. The work was intense: both Mayakovsky and his colleagues more than once had to stay late or work at night in order to release the batch on time.
In 1922, Vladimir Mayakovsky headed the literary group “Left Front of the Arts” (later the “left” in the name was replaced by “revolutionary”), and soon the magazine of the creative association of the same name. Its pages published prose and poetry, photographs by avant-garde photographers, bold architectural projects and news of “leftist” art.
In 1925, the poet finally broke up with Lilya Brik. He went on tour to France, then went to Spain, Cuba and the USA. There Mayakovsky met translator Ellie Jones, and a short but stormy romance broke out between them. In the fall, the poet returned to the USSR, and in America he soon had a daughter, Helen-Patricia. After returning from the USA, Vladimir Mayakovsky wrote the cycle “Poems about America” and worked on scripts for Soviet films.
Vladimir Mayakovsky. Photo: goteatr.com
Vladimir Mayakovsky and Lilya Brik. Photo: mayakovskij.ru
Vladimir Mayakovsky. Photo: piter.my
In 1928–1929, Mayakovsky wrote the satirical plays “The Bedbug” and “Bathhouse”. Both premieres took place at the Meyerhold Theater. The poet was the second director, he oversaw the design of the performance and worked with the actors: he read fragments of the play, creating the necessary intonations and placing semantic accents.
Vladimir Vladimirovich was very interested in all kinds of work. He threw himself into his work. Before the premiere of “Bath” he was completely exhausted. He spent all his time in the theater. He wrote poems and inscriptions for the auditorium for the production of “Bath”. I supervised their hanging myself. Then he joked that he was hired at the Meyerhold Theater not only as an author and director (he worked a lot with the actors on the text), but also as a painter and carpenter, since he himself painted and nailed down something. As a very rare author, he was so passionate and passionate about the performance that he participated in the smallest details of the production, which, of course, was not at all part of his authorial functions.
Actress Veronica Polonskaya
Both plays caused a stir. Some viewers and critics saw the works as a satire on bureaucracy, while others saw them as criticism of the Soviet system. “Bathhouse” was staged only a few times, and then it was banned until 1953.
The loyal attitude of the authorities towards the “main Soviet poet” gave way to coolness. In 1930, he was not allowed to travel abroad for the first time. Official criticism began to fiercely attack the poet. He was reproached for satire in relation to phenomena that were supposedly defeated, for example, the same bureaucracy, and bureaucratic delays. Mayakovsky decided to hold an exhibition “20 years of work” and present the results of his many years of work. He himself selected newspaper articles and drawings, arranged books, and hung posters on the walls. The poet was helped by Lilya Brik, his new beloved actress Veronica Polonskaya and an employee of the State Literary Museum Artemy Bromberg.
On the opening day, the guest hall was packed. However, as Bromberg recalled, no representatives of literary organizations came to the opening. And there were no official congratulations to the poet on his twentieth anniversary of work either.
I will never forget how, in the House of Press, at Vladimir Vladimirovich’s exhibition “Twenty Years of Work,” which for some reason was almost boycotted by the “big” writers, we, several people from Smena, literally stood around the stands for days, physically suffering because of how sad and stern A large, tall man walked face down through the empty halls, with his hands behind his back, walking back and forth, as if expecting someone very dear and becoming more and more convinced that this dear person would not come.
Poet Olga Berggolts
The lack of recognition was aggravated by personal drama. Vladimir Mayakovsky, in love with Polonskaya, demanded that she leave her husband, leave the theater and live with him in a new apartment. As the actress recalled, the poet would create scenes, then calm down, then again begin to be jealous and demand an immediate solution. One of these explanations became fatal. After Polonskaya left, Mayakovsky committed suicide. In his suicide letter, he asked “comrade government” not to leave his family: “My family is Lilya Brik, mother, sisters and Veronica Vitoldovna Polonskaya. If you give them a tolerable life, thank you.”.
After Mayakovsky's death, the entire archive of the poet went to Brik. Lilya Brik tried to preserve the memory of his work, wanted to create a memorial room, but constantly ran into bureaucratic obstacles. The poet was almost never published. Then Brik wrote a letter to Joseph Stalin. In his resolution, Stalin called Mayakovsky “the best and most talented poet of the Soviet era.” The resolution was published in Pravda, Mayakovsky’s works began to be published in huge editions, and streets and squares of the Soviet Union were named after him.
Vulgarity, without challenging it in life, challenged it in death. But living, excited Moscow, alien to petty literary disputes, stood in line at his coffin, without anyone organizing this line, spontaneously, by itself recognizing the unusualness of this life and this death. And lively, excited Moscow filled the streets on the way to the crematorium. And living, excited Moscow did not believe his death. He still doesn’t believe it.
