The growing popularity of healthy eating entails an increase in demand for natural farm products. The increase in the number of farm shops once again proves this trend, which means that the demand for the products of their suppliers (farms) will only grow.

According to statistics, the share of small farms increased from 47.35 to 67 percent from 2006 to 2016. This confirms the development trend of small enterprises in agriculture.

In addition, market analysis shows that the sanctions imposed on Russia have become an impetus for the development of this segment of the economy. This, in turn, affected the market situation, because over the past two years there has been a steady increase in competition.

Farming is a fairly cost-effective type of business with the right organization. There are a number of reasons for this: firstly, the tax burden in this industry is lower than in many others. Secondly, if you wish, you can get subsidies for organizing a business, since the state is interested in the development of farms. Thirdly, in our country there are the necessary natural conditions for starting a business in this industry.

The amount of initial investment is 6 552 500 rubles.

The break-even point is reached on the sixth month of work.

Payback period: 24 months.

Average net profit: 280 831 rubles.

2. Description of the business, product or service

Before organizing a project, you need to decide on the direction of your activity. The following options are possible:

• rearing of young cattle for the sale of meat;
• production and sale of milk;
• production and sale of straw and hay;
• growing fruits, vegetables or mushrooms;
• growing grain crops;
• fishing;
• beekeeping.

This business plan will consider a farm that operates in the following areas:

• raising cattle and selling meat;
• production and sale of milk.

Farm hours are daily, workers can live on the farm (excluding freelancers).

3. Description of the market

Farm products are sold to the following groups of buyers:

• large processing companies in the region;
• wholesale companies;
• farm shops;
• population.

The target audience of the farm is wholesale stores and farm stores, since with a small business it will be quite problematic to produce products in gigantic volumes. At the same time, within the framework of this project, the sale of goods to the population will not be carried out, because for this you need to have your own retail outlets, which are not in our project.

4. Sales and Marketing

5. Production plan

Consider the main stages of opening a farm.

Registration with government agencies

Peasant farming is a form of individual entrepreneurship, the state duty for its registration in 2018 will cost 800 rubles. To sell your products in markets and other outlets, you will need to provide documents such as:

• a certificate from a veterinarian (since animals will be bred on the farm);
• conclusion of the SES;
• certificates for product compliance with quality standards.

Also, in order to sell products to retail outlets, you will need:

• Permits from Rospotrebnadzor.
• Permission from the fire department.

As a taxation system, it is most advantageous to use the single agricultural tax (UAT). It is 6% of the difference between income and expenses of the farm.

When registering a company in our example, you must specify the following types of OKVED:

OKVED 01.41.1 - Breeding of dairy cattle;

OKVED 01.41.21 - Production of raw cow's milk

Finding land and preparing it for exploitation

Business begins with the search for land. To implement the project, the company will need:

• administrative buildings;
• business buildings.

Our type of farm needs at least 1500 sq. m of land, land prices vary greatly depending on the distance of the land from the city, in our case, 1 sq.m will cost 30 rubles. On this territory, it is necessary to place a hangar for keeping cattle, a feed storage warehouse, a summer pen for animals, as well as an administrative building for employees, which will also house a feed storage warehouse. It will be problematic to find a ready-made farm with ready-made structures, so get ready for the fact that all the necessary buildings and communications will need to be carried out on your own.

It is desirable that the site be located as close as possible to meadows and pastures (this is the natural food supply for cattle), otherwise fodder preparation will be very expensive. In addition, there is a need to locate the site near transport routes, because the products will have to be transported, and a strong distance from the road can negatively affect the cost of transportation.

Next, you need to bring communications to the structures (hangar). You will need to connect electricity, water and gas. These procedures can take a long time, so you need to take care of them in advance. This stage can take up to 6 months, the cost of implementation will cost the businessman 100 - 200 thousand rubles.

Purchase of the necessary inventory and equipment

To work, you will need the following list of equipment:

A lot of work on farms is done with machines, it will save you time and money, so you should take care of buying milking machines, a loader and a conveyor.

Buying animals

The costs of this item can vary significantly depending on the type of animals you will be purchasing. A cash cow (calving 2-3) will cost at least 60 thousand rubles, a heifer from 3 months will cost 10-15 thousand rubles, but it still needs to be grown, and the production of finished products can be postponed for about a year. Within the framework of this project, 30 dairy cows, 20 bulls and 20 young animals will be purchased. Thus, the cost of purchasing animals is at the level of 3,200,000 rubles.

Personnel search

If there are not enough members of the KFH, you will have to hire employees. You will need:

• Vet.
• slaughterer;
• support workers;
• Accountant.

Conclusion of contracts with buyers

The sale of finished products is an important stage of the farm, on which all profits depend. The most favorable development of the event will be the conclusion of a contract for the supply of products for a chain of stores. Depending on the chosen niche and the form of production (IP or LLC), it is possible to use various wholesale and retail distribution channels.

Project Launch Schedule

6. Organizational structure

On a farm, you will need the following employees:

• Vet. His responsibilities include taking measures to prevent diseases and mortality of animals, observing the implementation of zoohygienic rules, examining animals, providing therapeutic treatment, purchasing medicines, and conducting veterinary and sanitary examinations. The veterinarian comes to the farm 3-4 times a week, is on the staff and receives a salary of 30,000 rubles;
• The slaughterer performs all operations for slaughtering and processing meat products. The main requirements for this specialist: work experience of 5 years, knowledge of meat cutting technology, ability to work with a lift and other tools. The slaughterer receives 25,000 rubles, the employee appears on the farm when necessary;
• An auxiliary worker is an indispensable staff that is always required in farms. Such people should monitor the cleanliness on the farm and in the boxes, control the availability of food for animals, walk livestock, lead animals for mating, and prepare equipment for obtaining dairy products. You will need at least 3 workers, the salary of each is 22,000 rubles.
• An accountant can be hired on a freelance basis, the salary of this employee is 8,000 rubles. The accountant summarizes data on the performance of the enterprise, prepares reports for government agencies, calculates the tax base, and advises the director on optimizing certain indicators.
• Director - this employee is engaged in the distribution of duties, participation in exhibitions, conclusion of contracts, search for clients, obtaining all kinds of permits, purchasing equipment, distributing cash flows. The director's salary consists of a salary part (25,000 rubles) and a bonus in the amount of 5% of the proceeds.

• Project description
• Description of the enterprise
• Description of products and services
• marketing plan
• Calendar plan
• What equipment to choose
• • • • Similar business ideas:

We bring to your attention a typical business plan (feasibility study) for organizing a farm for the maintenance of cattle. This business plan can serve as an example for obtaining a bank loan, government support or attracting private investment. On the example of a farm in the Ulyanovsk region.

Business plan for organizing a farm for keeping cattle in a small village. On the example of a farm in the Ulyanovsk region.

Project description

The purpose of this project is to open a farm in the village. Ryazanovo. Our main areas of activity:

• rearing of young cattle with subsequent sale of meat to the population;
• production and sale of milk;
• production and sale of straw and hay.

To implement the project, it is planned to receive a subsidy in the amount of 1.5 million rubles as part of the state support program for beginning farmers, conducted by the Ministry of Agriculture of the Ulyanovsk Region. It is also planned to allocate own funds in the amount of 509 thousand rubles for the implementation of the project. The total cost of the project is 2,009,000 rubles.

Economic indicators of the project implementation:

• Net profit per year \u003d 1,850,806 rubles;
• Farm profitability = 83%;
• Payback of the project = 13 months.

Social indicators of the project implementation:

1. Registration of a new business entity in the Melekessky district;
2. Creation of new jobs;
3. Receipt of additional tax payments to the budget of the Melekessky district.

Description of the enterprise

The organizational and legal form of our organization will be peasant farming(KFH). Ivanov I.I. will be the head of the KFH.

What taxation system to choose for a farm

As tax systems the single agricultural tax (UAT) will be applied. The tax rate is 6% of profit.

Location of the enterprise: Ulyanovsk region, Melekessky district, with. Ryazanovo.

Currently, practical activities have begun to implement the project:

1. The registration of a peasant farm with the Federal Tax Service was carried out;
2. There is an agreement with a large farm for the purchase of 50 heads of young cattle;
3. The KFH owns a building that contains 24 cattle, including 14 bulls and 10 dairy cows. It is also planned to build an additional facility with an area of ​​1400m2 to keep another 50 heads of cattle.

The management of the organization will consist of 1 person - the head of the KFH. The organization also plans to attract hired labor in the amount of 5 people.

Description of products and services

The planned sources of income of the enterprise are:

1. Sale of cattle meat to the population and processing enterprises;
2. Sale of milk to the population and processing enterprises;
3. Realization of hay and straw in bales to the population.

More than 52% of the farm's revenue will come from the sale of cattle meat.

Simmental calves will be purchased to grow beef cattle. This breed is distinguished by good meat productivity, by the age of 18 months the bull is gaining weight from 800 to 1000 kg.

Calves will be purchased at the age of 3 months at an average price of 15,000 rubles per head. It is better to acquire calves older and stronger. In this case, the risk of disease is reduced and, with proper feeding, calves gain weight very quickly.

In addition, the farm has 10 dairy cows, from which it is planned to receive and sell from 4500 liters per month. milk. It is also planned to receive an annual offspring of young cattle from adult cows, which will reduce the cost of acquiring calves from third-party organizations.

For efficient use of production areas, the farm will simultaneously contain about 70 heads of cattle.

The diet of young cattle and adult cows will include green fodder, root crops, corn, mixed fodder, barley, oats, straw, hay, etc. For the cultivation of one bull-calf per year, feed will be spent in the amount of about 20,000 rubles, for the maintenance of a dairy cow - about 10,000 rubles a year.

Straw and hay will be collected using a KUN 10 universal front loader with a load capacity of up to 500 kg. During the season (per year) it is planned to sell hay and straw for a total amount of 725 thousand rubles.

Download farming business plan

marketing plan

The main competitors will be similar agricultural producers. products of the Melekes region, personal subsidiary plots and larger agricultural production complexes.

It should be noted that today the demand for high-quality agricultural products remains at a high level. This suggests that there should be no problems with the sale of our products by our farm.

Sales of manufactured products are planned to be carried out in the following areas:

1. Sale of meat and milk to enterprises - processors of agriculture. products;
2. Sales of hay and straw to the population and other farms of the Melekessky district;
3. Sale of meat and milk to wholesale organizations;
4. Realization of meat and milk in the form of traveling trade, at fairs and retail markets.

How much can you earn from this business

Let's move on to calculating the potential annual income of the enterprise.

On average, one cow produces 20 liters of milk per day. The first 2 months, 10 liters of milk goes to feed the calves.

In the future, all milk goes to the sale. Considering that 2 months are allotted for calving, the planned volume of milk sales per year will be 5400 liters per cow:

1. 30 days*20 liters/day*8 months=4800 liters
2. 30 days*10 liters/day*2 months=600 liters

Accordingly, from 10 heads per year, you can get up to 54,000 liters of milk.

The wholesale price of milk is 24 rubles/l.

Meat

Bulls purchased at the age of 6 months, with proper nutrition and care for 1 year, will gain up to 450 kg of live weight. With a meat yield of 70%, about 315 kg of marketable meat is obtained from each bull.

The farm will sell about 13,000 kg of marketable meat per year. The wholesale price of beef meat is 170 rubles/kg.

hay and straw

During the season, the farm will produce and sell up to 10,000 bales of straw and 5,000 bales of hay. The selling price of 1 bale of straw is 35 rubles, a bale of hay is 75 rubles.

The total amount of proceeds from the sale of products for 12 months of work will be 4,231,200 rubles.

The main share in the company's revenue is the sale of cattle meat (52%).

Technology of growing feed and breeding livestock

The room for keeping cows and calves will be convenient for livestock maintenance, storage of feed and manure. A walking area will be located next to the premises. Based on the sanitary standards for keeping livestock of cattle, the height of the ceilings in the room will be at least 2.4 m. The floor will be built from well-fitted wooden boards. This floor is easy to use and creates good zoohygienic conditions.

Feeding troughs made of boards 600 mm high and up to 700 mm wide will be installed indoors to feed livestock, the length of the troughs is about one meter.

The window area of ​​the cattle housing will be one tenth of the floor area. The distance from the windows to the floor is 1.3 meters. This arrangement contributes to better penetration of sunlight into the premises for keeping livestock of cattle.

A cemented manure trench with a flat and smooth bottom, 10-12 cm deep and up to 30 cm wide, will be made into the room to drain urine. The cattle stall will be spacious, with an area of ​​about 2.5 meters square meters. A cow produces about 10 tons of manure per year. Manure in the barn will be removed twice a day - in the morning and in the evening.

The planned staffing of the farm will include 5 people:

The duties of laborers will include feeding livestock, cleaning manure and other household tasks.

Also, some work processes will be performed by third parties under contracts for the provision of services for a fee:

1. Slaughter of livestock. For these purposes, an experienced miner will be involved;
2. Accounting services;
3. Supply of feed from agricultural producers.

The cost of these services will be about 100 thousand rubles a year.

Calendar plan

The list of events and their cost for starting a business are presented in the form of a calendar plan.

In total, it will take 136 days to open a farm and 2.0 million rubles will be spent.

How much money do you need to start this business

Let's proceed to the calculation of the main indicators of the economic efficiency of the economy.

The fixed costs of the organization are presented in the following table:

Total fixed costs of the enterprise per month will amount to 185,330 rubles.

The structure of the annual costs of the farm is presented in the form of a diagram:

The main costs of the farm are the cost of purchasing feed - 40% of the total costs per year. Next come the cost of paying wages to employees - 30% of total costs.

Net profit based on the results of annual sales of products will amount to 1,850,806 rubles. The profitability of the farm is 83.0%. With such business plan indicators, the farm project will pay off in 13 months.

Our organization will make tax deductions to various levels of the budget of the Ulyanovsk region up to 206,234 rubles per year.

Recommended download farming business plan, from our partners, with a guarantee of quality. This is a complete, ready-made project that you will not find in the public domain. The content of the business plan: 1. Confidentiality 2. Summary 3. Stages of the project implementation 4. Characteristics of the object 5. Marketing plan 6. Technical and economic data of the equipment 7. Financial plan 8. Risk assessment 9. Financial and economic justification of investments 10. Conclusions

Step-by-step opening plan, where to start

It is worth noting that serious investments are required to start a business. Nevertheless, a competent construction of activities will make it possible to recoup the invested costs in a relatively short time and reach a stable plus. First you need to draw up an organizational plan and determine the main areas of activity, among which may be:

• Growing grain crops, vegetables, herbs, berries and fruits.
• Breeding pigs, cows, rabbits, bees, birds or fish.

In addition, additional activities are possible, for example, the production of frozen fruits, stew, flour, etc. After determining the main directions and calculating the preliminary costs, it is worthwhile to deal with the execution of a contract for the lease of the territory, the ennoblement of premises / reservoirs, as well as the purchase of the necessary equipment. At the same stage, you can begin the selection of personnel who will serve the farm. You will definitely need to register your farm and obtain all the necessary permits to conduct activities. The final stage will be the adjustment of work with the sales market.

What equipment to choose

Any farm can not do without machinery and auxiliary equipment. His choice depends specifically on the type of farm and what you are going to breed or grow on it. For beekeeping, hives, refrigerators, rooms for wintering bees, as well as overalls will be mandatory. A cattle farm will require breast pumps, as well as tractors, combines and other agricultural equipment, along with attachments for mowing grass, etc. In the case of growing vegetables or cereals, you will need equipment for watering and harvesting. The fish business will require filters, compressors and pumps.

Which OKVED to indicate when registering a business

When registering a business, you must specify OKVED codes, according to the type of your farm. For example, if you have a cattle breeding farm, then OKVED code 01.21 - Breeding of cattle is suitable. For a fish farm - OKVED 2.03. Fishing and fish farming, and for beekeeping - OKVED - 01.25.1.

What documents are needed to open

The implementation of a business and the sale of products is possible only after the registration of an individual entrepreneur or LLC (Find out What documents are required to register an LLC). In the second case, you will be able to implement partnership agreements with legal entities. To register an individual entrepreneur, you will need: a copy of your passport, IND code, an application indicating OKVED codes and a receipt for payment of the state fee.

Do I need permission to open

To open your farm, you may need permission from the fire service and the epidemiological station, as well as the territorial property management. In the case of concluding an agreement for the lease of a territory for the placement of a farm, the permission of the fire inspection is not required, and all obligations are automatically assigned to the landlord. Do you want to earn without leaving home? If yes, then see the offer 50 ways to make money online.

A farm is a business aimed at growing crop or livestock products and their further sale. This is a demanded type of production, attractive for its availability for private entrepreneurs.

The industry is highly competitive and poses significant risks. Considering that most of the market has already been captured, first of all, it is worth taking care of the distribution channels for products. A good, but costly solution would be to open your own store for direct deliveries and sales of goods.

The development of farming as a small business is stimulated in every possible way by the state through financial support and simplification of the system for obtaining all the necessary decisions.

Drawing up a competent business plan and conscious production can make farming a profitable business for an entrepreneur who is not afraid to take risks in such an ambiguous niche.

The idea of ​​​​creating your own farm

Creating your own farm is a type of business available to everyone. Even the lack of initial capital will not become a problem: with a well-designed business plan, it is quite possible to take a loan at a favorable percentage or even find a good sponsor interested in a quality product.

Economists consider farming a profitable form of small business. But, due to the technical progress of recent decades, some of these farms have closed down, giving way to the niche formed by monopolists in the form of distributors of genetically modified products. The existence of a lot of competition in this industry discourages many inexperienced entrepreneurs. Despite this, a natural quality product will always find its buyer.

There are several possible sectors for the development of farming:

• Plant growing.

1. cereal crops;
2. fruit;
3. vegetables;
4. greenery.

• Livestock:

1. cattle breeding;
2. poultry farming;
3. fish farming;
4. beekeeping.

It is not necessary to choose one specific direction. Many industries coexist perfectly in the complex. Thus, livestock products can become fertilizer for plants, and plants can become feed for livestock. It all depends only on the size of the territory and the initial capital of the founder of the farm.

Business plan development

Having decided on the niche of your production, it is time to create a business plan. The planning stage is the foundation of future income: it allows you to evaluate business prospects, calculate the necessary costs and payback, and prevent possible risks.

Business plan development includes:

1. A summary, which describes the very idea of ​​​​opening a farm, selects a niche and sets clear production goals.
2. Studying the competitive market and demand for products.
3. Description of the production infrastructure, territory and assets.
4. Sources or availability of initial capital.
5. Summary of financial expenses.
6. Sales channels.
7. Calculation of profitability and plans for further development.
8. Risk assessment.

When it comes to risk assessment, there are many possible “force majeure” events in the farming business. These can be sudden cataclysms, epidemics, problems with weather conditions or insects. You must always be ready for unplanned expenses, keeping part of the funds received in the appropriate fund.

Some start-up entrepreneurs strive to make their business plan as optimistic as possible and evaluate possible production only in ideal utopian conditions. The content of the business plan must be reliable, and calculations can be made in two versions at once: optimistic (usual average conditions) and pessimistic (completion of possible risks and termination of financing). In today's unstable economy, it is necessary to use the most up-to-date prices.

Obtaining a territory for a farm and collecting the necessary documents

In contrast to a personal subsidiary farm, a large subsidiary farm (large subsidiary farm) has a number of privileges for the sale of products, but for this it is subject to mandatory control by the sanitary and epidemiological services.

Opening your own CPH begins with the selection of a territory for production. There are several criteria for a suitable location:

• convenient road junction;
• proximity to the place of sale (city, warehouse, etc.);
• ecological clean area.

Citizens of Russia have the right to receive a farmer's plot free of charge if they express a desire to engage in agriculture. To do this, you must submit an application to the local government.

Depending on the chosen direction, additional conditions will be required: large fields nearby for cattle breeding, a pond for waterfowl, or the presence of flower stalks for bees.

To officially obtain the status of a farm with the possibility of selling products, you must go through the following steps:

1. Payment of the state duty in the governing bodies.
2. Certification of the application for registration by a notary.
3. Submission of documents to the tax authority.
4. Collection of registration documents.
5. Registration in the relevant funds.
6. Obtaining statistics codes in the state statistics service.
7. Opening a current account.

The following documents will be required during the registration process at various stages:

• passport (original document and several notarized copies);
• documents confirming registration as an individual entrepreneur or LLC (application for state registration, receipt for payment of state duty tax, etc.).
• application for state registration of a farm in accordance with form No. Р21002;
• permission from the fire, sanitary and other services, depending on the chosen niche.

Arrangement of the economy and recruitment of personnel

After long preparatory stages of planning, choosing a territory and registering a farm, it is time to proceed with the immediate arrangement of the place.

Farming includes:

1. Economic buildings;
2. Reclamation facilities;
3. Agricultural machinery and equipment;
4. Vehicles;
5. Inventory for the implementation of farming activities.

Depending on the chosen niches, different preparation will be required.

• Cattle. Raising cattle will require feeders, dispensers, manure sweepers, and breast pumps. It will be mandatory to hire a butcher and build a slaughterhouse. It is desirable to purchase specialized vehicles for the transportation of products.
• Beekeeping. It is necessary to build a winter greenhouse for bees. Providing them with a sufficient number of hives. In the absence of flower stalks nearby - planting fields. Purchase of overalls and equipment for working with bees.

• Poultry farming. Will require the construction of a poultry house, perches, a walking area, additional heating to maintain a constant temperature and an increase in laying hens.
• Plant growing. It is necessary to purchase various vehicles and equipment for sowing, watering and harvesting. Requires a granary.

Almost any livestock farm will require the construction of warehouses equipped with a refrigeration system.

In parallel with the equipment of the territory of the farm, there should be a search, selection and hiring of personnel.

On any type of CPH you will need:

• manager;
• accountant;
• vet;
• technician;
• specialized workers;
• drivers.

The number of employees depends both on the type of production and on its volume. For example, beekeeping will require almost 10 times as many people to maintain the hives as it would to service the same volume of chicken egg production.

The main thing for any animal husbandry will be the hiring of a competent and educated livestock specialist, under whose leadership production processes will be provided.

It is difficult to overestimate the importance of a veterinarian. He not only monitors the health of animals, but also controls vaccination, maintains reports to the relevant services and is directly involved in the appearance of new animals (takes birth or participates in the purchase of new livestock).

The purchase of animals or plants, as well as the necessary feed, becomes the last stage in setting up your own farm. For these purposes, only trusted suppliers with all the necessary documents and permits are suitable.

Animal keeping and sanitary and epidemiological supervision

Good living conditions are the basis for successful business related to farming in any direction. If in the case of crop production, we are talking about the storage of the finished product for its further transportation and sale, then animal husbandry involves a more scrupulous approach to the issue of content.

First of all, their growth and, as a result, productivity (the amount of milk, meat or wool for cattle, eggs for chickens, honey for bees or fluff for rabbits) depends on the living conditions of animals. The second important factor, which is directly dependent on the conditions of detention, is the reproductive function of livestock. The better the animals feel, the healthier they are and, accordingly, the more and more often the farmer's livestock increases.

In addition, nutrition, microclimatic conditions and care have a direct impact on the well-being of each animal.

Feeding livestock should be as balanced as possible. At the moment, there are two types of feed: dry and wet. Most farms prefer the former. This is not only more profitable from a financial point of view, but also due to sanitary and hygienic standards. A herd of 300 heads will require about 35 tons of feed.

In addition to the main food, multivitamin complexes and supplements are mandatory included in the livestock diet.

Equally important is the constant access to clean drinking water. Pregnant and sick individuals should receive special attention.

In addition to feeding, some animal species require the creation of a certain microclimate. In a room specially equipped for a barn, not only a comfortable temperature should be maintained, but also an appropriate indicator of air humidity.

The barn must be isolated from drafts, but provide good air circulation.

We should not forget about lighting. So, for example, for high productivity of hens, a long daylight hours is needed, but too much light can become stressful for laying hens and have the opposite effect. Similarly, the presence of a lot of noise can lead to a drop in egg production.

Close sanitary and epidemiological control is carried out for farms of any direction.

• Precautionary control. It is carried out at the stage of registration of the farm. The compliance of the territory and equipment with the relevant standards is determined. The technological process, rules for personnel, future conditions for keeping animals, etc. are approved. The conclusion of preventive control will be obtaining permission.
• current control. It is carried out already in the direct production process by means of scheduled and unscheduled inspections. Finding any violations may threaten with administrative liability or even temporary suspension of production processes and sales of products for a period until the farm corrects its mistakes.

Sales channels

The sale of finished products is the main stage of the farm, on which all profits depend. The most favorable development of the event will be the conclusion of a contract for the supply of products for a large network. Depending on the chosen niche and the form of production (IP or LLC), it is possible to use various wholesale and retail distribution channels.

The main ways to sell products can be:

• weekend fairs;
• market;
• own retail store;
• non-chain partner stores;
• resellers;
• public catering.

As additional distribution channels, it is also worth considering the participation of the farm in seasonal exhibitions, government tenders, and membership in an agricultural consumer cooperative.

In addition to standard distribution channels, do not forget about technological progress. At the moment, there are several large sites on the Internet for selling agricultural products directly to buyers. It can be both small retail orders and large wholesale orders on an ongoing basis.

Calculation of financial indicators

The financial calculation of a farm depends on many factors: the scope of industries, the size and type of production, the equipment used and the initial capital. The approximate cost of starting a project for a herd of 40 heads will be 3 million rubles, which includes:

1. Acquisition of the territory - 100,000 rubles.
2. The cost of building materials - 120,000 rubles.
3. Purchase of transport and equipment - 1,000,000 rubles.
4. Purchase of young animals - 600,000 rubles.
5. Summing up communications - 100,000 rubles.
6. Purchase of feed for the first six months - 450,000 rubles.
7. Salary expenses for employees for the first six months - 300,000 rubles.
8. Insurance deductions (30%) - 90,000 rubles.
9. Other expenses - 200,000 rubles.

Entrepreneurs who have connected their business with farming can expect to reduce the cost of government contributions through the transition to a single agricultural tax.

According to experienced farmers, the main cost per year is feed (up to 40%). That is, by increasing the start-up costs for the parallel development of crop production and creating your own source of feed, there is an opportunity to achieve a higher profitability of the business.

Having calculated the economic indicators of the project with the successful implementation of products, we can talk about a profitability of 35% and a payback of the project in 3 years.

Many people are of the opinion that life in the village and farming are irrelevant. But think about it - every day on store shelves we see the products of small private farms. It is sometimes easier to earn money in the countryside than in the city. Combining different types of agricultural production, you can get by with relatively low costs.

How to become a farmer? This business is not limited to simply raising pigs, chickens and cows and growing vegetables. It's a whole system. It implies the existence of a business plan for a farm with official registration of activities. In addition - a well-thought-out system of regulation of costs and revenues.

Farming from scratch: how to start?

As you know, business always starts with an idea - regardless of the scale. Anyone who decides to open their own farm must, first of all, decide on a suitable direction. On the farmstead, you can engage in both crop production and animal husbandry. The main thing is to think over everything correctly and make a successful combination.

That is why a thorough study of the characteristics of the production of various crops and the rearing of animals will be required. Before you become a farmer, you should learn about the incompatibility of individual areas. In particular, the cultivation of certain fruit crops is strictly contraindicated near the places where cattle are kept.

Having decided where to start farming, you will need to think about the material and financial resources that the future business will require. Everything should be foreseen - from initial financial investments to the arrangement of premises for keeping animals, organizing the territory of the farm, purchasing feed and fertilizers. In addition, the future economy will require mandatory registration. Most often, such activities are carried out in the form of IP.

Farming: activities

If you decide to open a livestock farm, the farm will provide you with meat, milk, eggs and skin. In addition, no one will forbid to combine the cultivation of animals, crop production, fish breeding or beekeeping. The main thing is to remember that all animals will require proper quality care and adherence to sanitary standards.

Let's take a closer look at exactly what directions can take place for an individual entrepreneur in a peasant farm.

We breed piglets

Pork is always in demand in the market and costs a lot. This business is quite profitable, because if you take this direction seriously, you can get up to 30 piglets from one sow during the year with good care. Each adult pig is about 200 kilos of meat and fat.

For breeding, piglets of a month old are usually purchased. They are less prone to disease, adapt well to new conditions. The room for them (pigsty) should be kept clean, insulated in the winter and be sure to provide vents. Crowding is contraindicated for animals. They are fed according to the regime, with pauses not exceeding eight hours.

The food is greens (in large quantities), products of meat and dairy origin and special compound feed for pigs. One piglet can be purchased for an amount of 3,500 to 5,000 rubles. It depends on its breed, age and livestock area. You can breed pigs by starting with the purchase of a pair of healthy piglets.

Goats, cows, horses and sheep

In summer, they are all able to eat grass. They need good quality soft hay for the winter. For top dressing, horses are given oats, and cows are given compound feed.

The yield of a good dairy cow is up to 30 liters of milk daily. From one goat you can get from 5 to 8 liters, and the cost of goat's milk is higher, since it belongs to delicacies.

Horses are most often used as draft power. Sheep are bred for their meat, which is also considered a delicacy. As for sheep, their wool has long been considered the most valuable material. Breeding, both goats and sheep, is one of the most popular and profitable types of business in the field of agriculture.

rabbits

Both fur and meat are obtained from them. At the same time, the animals are quite unpretentious in terms of keeping and breeding. A rabbit farm is a system of enclosures, cages, pits, or sheds. The choice of premises for maintenance is a private matter of the farmer. However, certain conditions must be met:

• Keep animals away from direct sunlight and drafts.
• Provide adequate nutrition.
• Do not forget about timely vaccination.
• Maintain cleanliness in the cages and provide the animals with high-quality drinking water on time.
• Remember the optimal temperature regime.

The diet for rabbits combines a large amount of fresh fruits and vegetables according to the season with concentrated dry food. For top dressing, hay and grass are quite suitable for them.

Fish breeding

Today this business is one of the most profitable. But doing it requires certain knowledge, as well as considerable investments. Such agricultural enterprises as fish farms are most often arranged on the basis of artificial ponds, which can be of various types. It depends on the volume of production and preferred species. Due to the need for a large area for arranging a pond, the costs of this business may be overwhelming for a novice farmer.

Who can be most often found in an artificial pond? Carp, crucian carp, pike perch, silver carp, carp and tench. Although pond fish are able to provide themselves with food, they still cannot do without top dressing. As it is taken bran, cake, feed.

Since about May, the fish have been fed on "feeding tables", which are heavy square-shaped wooden trays measuring approximately 50 x 50 cm. Each hectare of pond will require at least four of these "feeding tables" for fish.

Beekeeping

With the right approach, the profit from the apiary can be quite good. In addition, bees pollinate fruit plants. How are such agricultural enterprises organized? The place for the apiary is selected according to the principle of desertedness and remoteness from roads, close to the areas where honey plants are grown.

Then it is necessary to install hives on 12-24 frames, as well as an omshanik (winter house). Beekeepers can buy hives or make their own. To do this, the beekeeper will need a workbench, hand or power tools. Bees can be purchased both in bee packages and full-fledged families.

poultry breeding

It can be the most common - in the form of chickens, geese, turkeys and ducks. Or exotic enough for our area. We are talking about breeding partridges, pheasants, guinea fowls, peacocks and even ostriches. The choice of breeds depends on the market in which the farmer wants to establish himself.

Where to start farming if you decide to go into poultry farming? As the most unpretentious option, the usual cultivation of chickens is suitable. These birds are inexpensive and unpretentious. From them you can get environmentally friendly eggs and high-quality chicken meat. The demand for ducks, geese and turkeys is somewhat less, but their cost is many times higher.

If you are thinking about breeding guinea fowls, pheasants and peacocks, then know that this is quite an expensive occupation, and most likely private buyers or restaurants will have to sell them.

To grow poultry, you will need to acquire an incubator, special aviaries insulated for the winter, feeders, trays, as well as a certain space for walking. Most often, farmers buy couples for divorce, or a certain amount of young offspring, which are subsequently grown. Another option is to purchase eggs and put them in an incubator. Each method has its own merits and demerits.

To feed young chicks, you will need cereals, boiled eggs, greens, cottage cheese, insects, as well as special feed mixtures. The diet of adults is almost the same. Their menu is dominated by grain - wheat, barley, oats. Vitamins and minerals should be added to the feed mixture.

Growing plants

Crop growing has always been and remains one of the topical areas of agricultural business. Indeed, in the diet of any person, vegetables, fruits and berries are an indispensable component. In addition, in farm conditions it is quite possible to plant flowers. The flower business has a high profitability (from 70% to 300%).

The approximate amount of initial investment is from half a million rubles. On them you can rent land, buy cuttings, incandescent lamps for greenhouses, which must maintain a constant microclimate and well-fertilized soil.

Returning to the cultivation of greens and vegetables, it is worth noting that their choice for farming is very diverse. Unpretentious species, like potatoes, beets, carrots, radishes, etc., do not need any special conditions. If you plan to start growing greens, cucumbers, eggplants, peppers, tomatoes and zucchini, you cannot do without greenhouses during the cold season.

Building them along with renting land will require quite a serious investment. Seed costs are relatively small. In addition, in subsequent years you will provide them yourself. The payback of vegetable growing is quite fast. Already this year you can get the first serious harvest. If you can't decide where to start farming, vegetable growing may be the best option.

We grow mushrooms, berries and fruits

For mushroom farming, the most unpretentious (albeit expensive) are truffles. And the most common are champignons and oyster mushrooms. Mushrooms are bred in a special room, where an even microclimate is maintained, in bags filled with mycelium and straw. You will spend from one and a half to two thousand rubles on seedlings for truffles. Much cheaper you can buy the basis for breeding champignons and oyster mushrooms.

If you are going to do strawberries, you can’t do without greenhouses. A number of varieties are also grown outdoors. Such a business will require a starting capital of about 100,000 rubles. Add to them another quarter of that for monthly expenses.

Raspberries are grown in a different way. For her, seedlings are purchased and the site is being prepared. They are engaged in it in the summer season, for the winter the bushes are added dropwise in order to protect against frost.

Cherries, sea buckthorn or apples are grown in specially designated garden plots. You will need to purchase seedlings, a special film for shelter for the winter. Harvest from young trees you will wait at best for the next year. Business on fruits and berries is profitable at the level of about 60-100%.

How to register your activity

How to start a farm in legal terms? Every business needs to be registered, and agricultural business is no exception. The stages of the procedure consist in paying the state duty, notarizing the relevant application, preparing and submitting a package of documents to the IFTS. Next, you should wait for the issuance of ready-made documents, go through the registration procedure in the necessary funds and receive a letter from Rosstat, which will contain statistics codes. Of course, you should also take care of opening a bank account.

We rent land

You can take care of the lease of a land plot even before the legal registration procedure. The lease application is submitted to the local administration. After the case is considered, you will receive information about where the proposed site is located. There you will need to call representatives of the land management organization. They will survey and determine the exact boundaries of the site. Then the land is put on the cadastral register, an appropriate passport is issued.

After that, the documents are again sent to the administration, which issues a decision on the transfer of the site. In addition, registration of the lease agreement is required.

The state will help us

In recent years, assistance to young farms has been a priority for the state. Now it is easy to get a grant for the development of such a business, the amount of which can be from one to four million rubles. It can be designed specifically for the creation of a farm or have a one-time payment procedure for a household appliance.

This money is purposefully issued to a novice farmer for renting or buying land, developing a project, acquiring the necessary equipment, conducting the required utilities, as well as buying materials for planting, animals, feed and fertilizers.

Who can apply for such a payment

Money is paid to citizens of the Russian Federation of working age, heads of farms and peasant farms, whose registration period is less than 24 months. At the same time, it is necessary to have an education and at least three years of experience in the field of agriculture.

The package of documents that need to be prepared consists of a business plan for the farm, a breakdown of costs with prices. The amount of own funds that will need to be invested in this case must be at least 10% of the grant amount. The person who receives it is obliged to create three or more jobs and spend the issued funds within 12 months from the date of issue.

Grants are issued based on the results of competitions, during which young entrepreneurs must prove the profitability and relevance of the future business. Such support can be considered a wonderful way to solve the problem of initial investment. In the case when the payment is denied, there are other options for assistance from the state - in particular, in the form of a loan for farming. In addition, various options for government subsidies are possible.

Summing up

The modern business in the field of agriculture is not at all the idea of ​​​​which is firmly rooted in the minds of many (hard and dirty work, low-income and ungrateful). Today, farms are equipped with the most advanced equipment. The most advanced technologies are used in growing animals and plants. It is quite possible to maintain cleanliness and the right microclimate in premises for breeding birds and livestock. Most operations can be automated, which will greatly facilitate farm work.

Especially important is the financial support of the state in the current crisis. It allows farmers to develop their business. In addition, due to the wide development of a network of cafes, restaurants and numerous private shops, as a rule, there are no problems with the sale of finished products.