Big wild cat manul. Steppe manul cat - description with photo. Steppe cat caracal

HELLO, DIMON PEOPLE!!!



PRICE-50-300RUR


PRICE-50R

[
PRICE-50R






10 tube of super glue

12 laser printer



chip LM2621

R2 150kOhm
R3 150kOhm
R4 500 Ohm

C2 100uF 6.3V any







So, everything is there??? LET'S GET STARTED

































HERE IS THE DIAGRAM FOR ASSEMBLY



(I can send you a drawing via PM)













100% LOSS OF VISION!




Sincerely, T3012, aka KILOVOLT.


DimonVideo DimonVideo

2010-10-14T21:00:57Z 2010-10-14T21:00:57Z

29 liked it

Today, I will tell YOU how to make a powerful laser pointer at home.

To do this, we need 17 things:
1- faulty (dead) DVD drive, speed 16-22X (the higher the speed, the more powerful the laser in it)
PRICE-50-300RUR
2- cheap Chinese flashlight (3 batteries)


PRICE-50R
3- cheap laser pointer "double-barrel" (laser pointer + LED flashlight)

[
PRICE-50R
4- soldering iron, power 40W (W), voltage 220V (V) with a thin tip.
5- low-melting solder (type POS60-POS61), pine rosin.
6-piece of one-sided fiberglass with dimensions 35X10mm
7- ferric chloride (sold in radio stores) price - 80-100 RUR
8-tool (tweezers, magnifying glass, small screwdrivers, pliers, long-nose pliers, etc.)
9- these are the terminal petals


(sold in any electrical store) cost from 10-35R
10 tube of super glue
11-alcohol (can be found at the pharmacy)
12 laser printer
13-page of any glossy magazine (necessarily glossy, smooth. You can also use photo paper)
14-electric iron (we take it at home. From mother, sister, grandmother, wife, they don’t see it yet)
15- radio components (you can grab some from the dead drive itself, in particular the Schottky diode, resistors, capacitors)
list of parts and their rating (ALL PARTS are SMD, i.e. for surface mounting (saving space))

chip LM2621
R1 needs to be selected... the current on the Laser Diode depends on it. I have 78kOhm current 250-300mA NO MORE!!! otherwise it will burn!!!
R2 150kOhm
R3 150kOhm
R4 500 Ohm
C1 0.1uF ceramics, for example k10-17
C2 100uF 6.3V any
C3 33uF 6.3V, preferably tantalum.
C4 33pF ceramics, for example k10-17
C5 0.1uF ceramics, for example k10-17
VD1 any 3-amp. For example
1N5821, 30BQ060, 31DQ10, MBRS340T3, SB360, SK34A, SR360
L1 in the photo you can see what it looks like... and so, 15 turns on a suitable ferrite ring or frame. You can disassemble either a computer power supply unit, an energy-saving light bulb, or a mobile phone charger, including a car mobile phone charger.
All this is not so important, the microcircuit will set everything up as it should.

16-type multimeter DT890G, allowing you to measure capacitance, resistance, voltage and so on.
17- and of course straight HANDS and “friendship with a soldering iron” or a friend who is friends with a soldering iron

So, everything is there??? LET'S GET STARTED
We take the keychain pointer and disassemble it (CAREFULLY, DO NOT DAMAGE THE INSIDE, we will need them)

we take out the batteries, and using pliers, gently rocking them to the sides, pull out the front plastic head (where the flashlight and laser are)
Next, through the side where this plug was, we take out the insides, pushing them with a pencil from the side of the battery compartment

Then, very carefully, using a small tool with a flat tip, unscrew the plastic nut in the collimator (the brass tube where the lens and the frameless laser itself are located). We take out the contents (the plastic nut itself, the lens, the spring)

Warming up the EMPTY collimator with a soldering iron, disconnect it from the board with the button.



We disassemble the drive and take out the laser device carriage

EXTREMELY carefully remove the LASER, having previously wrapped the legs of the Laser with wire to prevent static.
this is the Laser Diode itself.


We take a Chinese lantern and disassemble it. Roughly similar to a flashlight pointer.

Now, let’s put all the little things in a safe box, and we’ll make a heat sink for the Laser.
We take previously purchased terminals


and saw off them piece by piece, so that we get a type of washer, a length equal to the length of the collimator, and so that they (the washers fit tightly into each other, including the collimator itself) If they do not fit into each other, we drill them out with drills with a diameter of 5, 5-12mm for different washers, or boring.
It should look something like this:





We push the collimator itself a little further, about 5mm, this is important for fixing the Laser Diode.
Yes, we fix the washers themselves with super glue.
So, now we mount the Laser Diode by first inserting a 5mm drill into the collimator and pressing the collimator with pliers on the side of the slots where the board was.


Solder 2 wires to the LD legs. ATTENTION SOKOLEVKU L.D. We call the device with a multimeter type DT890G (it sounds like a regular diode.)




Next we need to assemble the driver circuit.
HERE IS THE DIAGRAM FOR ASSEMBLY

HERE is an approximate drawing of the conductors on the board

(I can send you a drawing via PM)
We transfer the board drawing onto glossy paper using a laser printer (laser-iron method, read on the Internet)
We make a board and solder parts onto it. It should look like this:



Assembly method, your imagination. I assembled the driver in the battery compartment, in place of the third battery.
used VARTA 800mA/H batteries



I used the lens from a flashlight pointer, but you can also use the original one from the drive

only its focal length is shorter, you will have to install another spring to prop the lens closer to the Laser Diode.
Attention! LASER RADIATION IS EXTREMELY DANGEROUS TO THE EYES!
NEVER TURN AWAY PEOPLE OR ANIMALS!
100% LOSS OF VISION!
This is the device I got:


DO NOT turn on the LD itself without a radiator, it gets very hot and will burn out. Set the current consumption of the Laser Diode to 250-300mA using resistor R1 (it is advisable to temporarily install a 100k resistor, and instead of the Laser Diode (so as not to burn the LD), a chain of 4 KD105 diodes connected in series)
Sincerely, T3012, aka KILOVOLT. ">

In every home there is old equipment that has fallen into disrepair. Someone throws it in a landfill, and some craftsmen try to use it for some homemade inventions. So an old laser pointer can be put to good use - it is possible to make a laser cutter with your own hands.

To make a real laser from a harmless trinket, you need to prepare the following items:

  • laser pointer;
  • flashlight with rechargeable batteries;
  • old, maybe not working CD/DVD-RW writer. The main thing is that it has a drive with a working laser;
  • a set of screwdrivers and a soldering iron. It is better to use a branded cutter, but if you don’t have one, a regular one may do.

Making a laser cutter

First you need to remove the laser cutter from the drive. This work is not difficult, but you will have to be patient and pay maximum attention. Since it contains a large number of wires, they have the same structure. When choosing a drive, it is important to consider the presence of a writing option, since it is in this model that you can make notes with a laser. Recording is done by evaporating a thin layer of metal from the disc itself. In the case when the laser is working for reading, it is used half-heartedly, illuminating the disk.

When dismantling the upper fasteners, you can find a carriage with a laser located in it, which can move in two directions. It should be carefully removed by unscrewing; there are a large number of detachable devices and screws that are important to carefully remove. For further work, a red diode is required, with the help of which burning is carried out. To remove it, you will need a soldering iron, and you also need to carefully remove the fasteners. It is important to note that the irreplaceable part for making a laser cutter should not be shaken or dropped, therefore, it is recommended to be careful when removing the laser diode.

Once the main element of the future laser model is removed, you need to carefully weigh everything and figure out where to place it and how to connect the power supply to it, since the diode of a writing laser requires much more current than the diode from a laser pointer, and in this case you can use several ways.

Next, the diode in the pointer is replaced. To create a powerful laser, the original diode must be removed from the pointer, and a similar one from the CD/DVD-RW drive must be installed in its place. The pointer is disassembled in accordance with the sequence. It must be untwisted and divided into two parts, with the part that needs to be replaced on top. The old diode is removed and the required diode is installed in its place, which can be secured with glue. There are times when difficulties may arise when removing the old diode; in this situation, you can use a knife and shake the pointer a little.

The next step is to make a new case. To make the future laser convenient to use, connect power to it and use a flashlight body to give it an impressive look. The converted upper part of the laser pointer is installed into the flashlight and power is supplied to it from rechargeable batteries, which is connected to the diode. It is important not to confuse the polarity of the power supply. Before assembling the flashlight, the glass and parts of the pointer must be removed, as it will poorly conduct the direct path of the laser beam.

The last step is preparation for use. Before connecting, you need to check that the laser is securely fastened, that the polarity of the wires is connected correctly, and that the laser is installed level.

After completing these simple steps, the laser cutter is ready for use. This laser can be used to burn paper, polyethylene, and to light matches. The scope of application can be vast, everything will depend on your imagination.

Additional points

It is possible to make a more powerful laser. To make it you will need:

  • DVD-RW drive, can be inoperative;
  • capacitors 100 pF and 100 mF;
  • resistor 2-5 Ohm;
  • three rechargeable batteries;
  • wires with a soldering iron;
  • collimator;
  • steel LED flashlight.

This is a simple kit that is used to assemble a driver that, using a board, will drive the laser cutter to the required power. The current source cannot be connected directly to the diode, as it will instantly deteriorate. It is also important to take into account that a laser diode must be powered by current, but not voltage.

A collimator is a body equipped with a lens, thanks to which all rays converge into one narrow beam. Such devices can be purchased at radio parts stores. They are convenient because they already have space for installing a laser diode, and as for the cost, it is quite small, only 200-500 rubles.

You can, of course, use the body of a pointer, but it will be difficult to attach a laser to it. Such models are made of plastic material, and this will cause the case to heat up and it will not be cooled enough.

The manufacturing principle is similar to the previous one, since in this case a laser diode from a DVD-RW drive is also used.

During production it is necessary to use antistatic bracelets.

This is necessary to remove static from the laser diode, it is very sensitive. If there are no bracelets, you can make do with improvised means - you can wind a thin wire around the diode. Next, the driver is assembled.

Before assembling the entire device, the operation of the driver is checked. In this case, it is necessary to connect a non-working or second diode and measure the strength of the supplied current with a multimeter. Considering the speed of the current, it is important to select its strength according to the standards. For many models, a current of 300-350 mA is applicable, and for faster ones, 500 mA can be used, but for this a completely different driver must be used.

Of course, such a laser can be assembled by any non-professional technician, but still, for beauty and convenience, it is most reasonable to build such a device in a more aesthetic case, and which one to use can be chosen to suit every taste. It would be most practical to assemble it in the housing of an LED flashlight, since its dimensions are compact, only 10x4 cm. However, you still do not need to carry such a device in your pocket, since the relevant authorities may file a claim. It is best to store such a device in a special case to avoid dust on the lens.

In every home there is old equipment that has fallen into disrepair. Someone throws it in a landfill, and some craftsmen try to use it for some homemade inventions. So an old laser pointer can be put to good use - it is possible to make a laser cutter with your own hands.

To make a real laser from a harmless trinket, you need to prepare the following items:

  • laser pointer;
  • flashlight with rechargeable batteries;
  • old, maybe not working CD/DVD-RW writer. The main thing is that it has a drive with a working laser;
  • a set of screwdrivers and a soldering iron. It is better to use a branded cutter, but if you don’t have one, a regular one may do.

Making a laser cutter

First you need to remove the laser cutter from the drive. This work is not difficult, but you will have to be patient and pay maximum attention. Since it contains a large number of wires, they have the same structure. When choosing a drive, it is important to consider the presence of a writing option, since it is in this model that you can make notes with a laser. Recording is done by evaporating a thin layer of metal from the disc itself. In the case when the laser is working for reading, it is used half-heartedly, illuminating the disk.

When dismantling the upper fasteners, you can find a carriage with a laser located in it, which can move in two directions. It should be carefully removed by unscrewing; there are a large number of detachable devices and screws that are important to carefully remove. For further work, a red diode is required, with the help of which burning is carried out. To remove it, you will need a soldering iron, and you also need to carefully remove the fasteners. It is important to note that the irreplaceable part for making a laser cutter should not be shaken or dropped, therefore, it is recommended to be careful when removing the laser diode.

Once the main element of the future laser model is removed, you need to carefully weigh everything and figure out where to place it and how to connect the power supply to it, since the diode of a writing laser requires much more current than the diode from a laser pointer, and in this case you can use several ways.

Next, the diode in the pointer is replaced. To create a powerful laser, the original diode must be removed from the pointer, and a similar one from the CD/DVD-RW drive must be installed in its place. The pointer is disassembled in accordance with the sequence. It must be untwisted and divided into two parts, with the part that needs to be replaced on top. The old diode is removed and the required diode is installed in its place, which can be secured with glue. There are times when difficulties may arise when removing the old diode; in this situation, you can use a knife and shake the pointer a little.

The next step is to make a new case. To make the future laser convenient to use, connect power to it and use a flashlight body to give it an impressive look. The converted upper part of the laser pointer is installed into the flashlight and power is supplied to it from rechargeable batteries, which is connected to the diode. It is important not to confuse the polarity of the power supply. Before assembling the flashlight, the glass and parts of the pointer must be removed, as it will poorly conduct the direct path of the laser beam.

The last step is preparation for use. Before connecting, you need to check that the laser is securely fastened, that the polarity of the wires is connected correctly, and that the laser is installed level.

After completing these simple steps, the laser cutter is ready for use. This laser can be used to burn paper, polyethylene, and to light matches. The scope of application can be vast, everything will depend on your imagination.

Additional points

It is possible to make a more powerful laser. To make it you will need:

  • DVD-RW drive, can be inoperative;
  • capacitors 100 pF and 100 mF;
  • resistor 2-5 Ohm;
  • three rechargeable batteries;
  • wires with a soldering iron;
  • collimator;
  • steel LED flashlight.

This is a simple kit that is used to assemble a driver that, using a board, will drive the laser cutter to the required power. The current source cannot be connected directly to the diode, as it will instantly deteriorate. It is also important to take into account that a laser diode must be powered by current, but not voltage.

A collimator is a body equipped with a lens, thanks to which all rays converge into one narrow beam. Such devices can be purchased at radio parts stores. They are convenient because they already have space for installing a laser diode, and as for the cost, it is quite small, only 200-500 rubles.

You can, of course, use the body of a pointer, but it will be difficult to attach a laser to it. Such models are made of plastic material, and this will cause the case to heat up and it will not be cooled enough.

The manufacturing principle is similar to the previous one, since in this case a laser diode from a DVD-RW drive is also used.

During production it is necessary to use antistatic bracelets.

This is necessary to remove static from the laser diode, it is very sensitive. If there are no bracelets, you can make do with improvised means - you can wind a thin wire around the diode. Next, the driver is assembled.

Before assembling the entire device, the operation of the driver is checked. In this case, it is necessary to connect a non-working or second diode and measure the strength of the supplied current with a multimeter. Considering the speed of the current, it is important to select its strength according to the standards. For many models, a current of 300-350 mA is applicable, and for faster ones, 500 mA can be used, but for this a completely different driver must be used.

Of course, such a laser can be assembled by any non-professional technician, but still, for beauty and convenience, it is most reasonable to build such a device in a more aesthetic case, and which one to use can be chosen to suit every taste. It would be most practical to assemble it in the housing of an LED flashlight, since its dimensions are compact, only 10x4 cm. However, you still do not need to carry such a device in your pocket, since the relevant authorities may file a claim. It is best to store such a device in a special case to avoid dust on the lens.

It is important not to forget that the device is a weapon of its kind, which should be used with caution and should not be pointed at animals or people, as it is very dangerous and can cause harm to health, the most dangerous is when pointed at the eyes. It is dangerous to give such devices to children.

The laser can be equipped with various devices, and then a fairly powerful sight for weapons, both pneumatic and firearms, will come out of a harmless toy.

Here are some simple tips for making a laser cutter. By slightly improving this design, you can make cutters for cutting acrylic material, plywood and plastic, and carry out engraving.


Man has learned many technical inventions by observing natural phenomena, analyzing them and applying the acquired knowledge in the surrounding reality. This is how man gained the ability to kindle fire, created a wheel, learned to generate electricity, and gained control over the nuclear reaction.

Unlike all these inventions, the laser has no analogues in nature. Its emergence was associated exclusively with theoretical assumptions within the framework of the emerging quantum physics. The existence of the principle that formed the basis of the laser was predicted at the beginning of the twentieth century by the greatest scientist Albert Einstein.

The word “laser” appeared as a result of the reduction of five words describing the essence of a physical process to the first letters. In Russian, this process is called “light amplification by stimulated emission.”

By its operating principle, a laser is a quantum photon generator. The essence of the phenomenon underlying it is that, under the influence of energy in the form of a photon, an atom emits another photon, which is identical to the first one in the direction of movement, its phase and polarization. As a result, the emitted light is enhanced.

This phenomenon is impossible under conditions of thermodynamic equilibrium. To create induced radiation, various methods are used: electrical, chemical, gas and others. Lasers used in domestic conditions (laser disk drives, laser printers) use semiconductor method stimulation of radiation under the influence of electric current.

The principle of operation is that air flows through the heater into the hot air gun tube and, having reached the set temperatures, enters the part being soldered through special nozzles.

If malfunctions occur, the welding inverter can be repaired with your own hands. Repair tips can be read.

In addition, a necessary component of any full-fledged laser is optical resonator, the function of which is to amplify a beam of light by reflecting it multiple times. For this purpose, laser systems use mirrors.

It should be said that creating a real powerful laser with your own hands at home is unrealistic. To do this, you need to have special knowledge, carry out complex calculations, and have a good material and technical base.

For example, laser machines that can cut metal get extremely hot and require extreme cooling measures, including the use of liquid nitrogen. In addition, devices operating on the basis of the quantum principle are extremely capricious, require the finest tuning and do not tolerate even the slightest deviations from the required parameters.

Required components for assembly

To assemble a laser circuit with your own hands you will need:

  • DVD-ROM with rewritable (RW) function. It contains a red laser diode with a power of 300 mW. You can use laser diodes from BLU-RAY-ROM-RW - they emit violet light with a power of 150 mW. For our purposes, the best ROMs are those that have faster write speeds: they are more powerful.
  • Pulse NCP1529. The converter produces a current of 1A, stabilizes the voltage in the range of 0.9-3.9 V. These indicators are ideal for our laser diode, which requires a constant voltage of 3 V.
  • Collimator for obtaining an even beam of light. There are now numerous laser modules on sale from various manufacturers, including collimators.
  • Output lens from ROM.
  • A housing, for example, from a laser pointer or flashlight.
  • Wires.
  • Batteries 3.6 V.

To connect the parts, it will be necessary to determine which cable is phase and where the neutral and ground are. A tool like this will help with this.

This way you can assemble the simplest laser. What can such a homemade “light amplifier” do:

  • Light a match from a distance.
  • Melt plastic bags and tissue paper.
  • Emit a beam over a distance of more than 100 meters.

This laser is dangerous: it will not burn through skin or clothing, but it can damage the eyes.

Therefore, you need to use such a device carefully: do not shine it into reflective surfaces (mirrors, glass, reflectors) and in general be extremely careful - the beam can cause harm if it hits the eye even from a distance of one hundred meters.

DIY laser on video

Have you decided to make something incredible using simple details? Laser is not considered a new product these days, but making it at home is not difficult. We will tell you how to make a laser yourself using a disk drive and a regular flashlight.

Attention! The laser power reaches up to 250 MilliWatts. Before starting the experiment, take care of your safety and wear safety glasses (welder safety glasses). Never point the laser beam at people or animals, especially their eyes. Lasers can injure people.

In order to make a laser ourselves, we will need:

1. Device for recording DVD discs.
2. AixiZ laser pointer (you can take another one).
3. Screwdriver.
4. Flashlight.

How to find out the power of a laser diode?

The laser power can be determined by the recording speed characteristics of dual-layer discs:

1. Speed ​​10X, laser power 170-200 MilliWatts.
2. Speed ​​16X, laser power 250-270 MilliWatts.

Instructions. How to make a laser?

Step #1. Unscrew and open the lid. We release and remove the carriage (the structure of the drive may differ, but each drive has two guides along which the carriage moves) and disconnect all the cables.

Step #2. Having freed the carriage, we begin to unscrew the screws and parts to free the diode itself. The drive can have two diode lasers:

1. For disc reading (infrared diode).
2. For recording a disc (red diode).

The board is attached to the desired diode (red), use a regular soldering iron to release the diode.

Step #3. After a short process, we should get a diode in this form.

Many radio amateurs have wanted to make a laser with their own hands at least once in their lives. It was once believed that it could only be collected in scientific laboratories. Yes, this is true if we talk about huge laser installations. However, you can assemble a simpler laser, which will also be quite powerful. The idea seems very complicated, but in reality it is not difficult at all. In our article with video we will talk about how you can assemble your own laser at home.

DIY powerful laser

DIY laser circuit

It is very important to follow basic safety rules. Firstly, when checking the operation of the device or when it is already fully assembled, under no circumstances should you point it at the eyes, other people or animals. Your laser will be so powerful that it can light a match or even a sheet of paper. Secondly, follow our scheme and then your device will work for a long time and with high quality. Thirdly, do not let children play with it. Finally, store the assembled device in a safe place.

To assemble a laser at home, you will not need too much time and components. So, first you need a DVD-RW drive. It can be either working or non-working. This is not important. But it is very important that it is a recording device, and not a regular drive for playing discs. The drive's write speed should be 16x. It can be higher. Next, you will need to find a module with a lens, thanks to which the laser can focus at one point. An old Chinese pointer may well be suitable for this. It is best to use an unnecessary steel flashlight as the body of the future laser. The “filling” for it will be wires, batteries, resistors and capacitors. Also, do not forget to prepare a soldering iron - without it, assembly will be impossible. Now let's see how to assemble a laser from the components described above.

DIY laser circuit

The first thing you need to do is disassemble the DVD drive. You need to remove the optical part from the drive by disconnecting the cable. Then you will see a laser diode - it should be carefully removed from the housing. Remember that the laser diode is extremely sensitive to temperature changes, especially cold. Until you install a diode in the future laser, it is best to rewind the diode leads with thin wire.

Most often, laser diodes have three terminals. The one in the middle gives a minus. And one of the extreme ones is a plus. You should take two AA batteries and connect them to the diode removed from the case using a 5 Ohm resistor. In order for the laser to light up, you need to connect the negative battery to the middle terminal of the diode, and the positive one to one of the outer terminals. Now you can assemble the laser emitter circuit. By the way, the laser can be powered not only from batteries, but also from a battery. This is everyone's business.

To ensure that your device is assembled to a point when turned on, you can use an old Chinese pointer, replacing the laser from the pointer with one you assembled. The entire structure can be neatly packed into a case. This way it will look more beautiful and last longer. The body can be an unnecessary steel lantern. But it can also be almost any container. We choose a flashlight not only because it is stronger, but also because it will make your laser look much more presentable.

Thus, you have seen for yourself that assembling a sufficiently powerful laser at home does not require either deep knowledge of science or prohibitively expensive equipment. Now you can assemble the laser yourself and use it for its intended purpose.

Many people know about the possibilities of laser technologies and their benefits. They are used not only in industry, but also in cosmetology, medicine, everyday life, art and other areas of human life. However, not everyone knows how to make a laser at home. But it can be built from scrap materials. To do this, you will need a non-working DVD drive, a lighter or a flashlight.

Before starting at home, you need to collect all the necessary elements. First of all, you need to disassemble the DVD drive. To do this, unscrew all the screws that hold the top and bottom covers of the device. Next, the main cable is disconnected and the board is unscrewed. The protection of diodes and optics must be broken. The next step is to remove the diode, which is usually done with pliers. To prevent static electricity from damaging the diode, its legs must be tied with wire. You must remove the diode carefully so as not to break the legs.

Next, before making a laser at home, you need to make a driver for the laser, which is represented by a small circuit that regulates the power supply to the diode. The fact is that if the power is set incorrectly, the diode can quickly fail. You can use AA batteries or a mobile phone battery as a power source.


Before you make a laser at home, you need to take into account the fact that the burning effect is provided by optics. If it is not there, then the laser will simply shine. As optics, you can use a special lens from the same drive from which the diode was taken. To set the focus correctly, you need to use a laser pointer.

In order to build a regular pocket laser, you can use a regular lighter. However, before you make a laser from a lighter, you need to know the construction technology. It is best to purchase a high-quality incendiary element. It needs to be disassembled, but the parts should not be thrown away, as they will still be useful in the design. If there is gas left in the lighter, it must be released. Then the insides must be turned out using a drill with special attachments. Inside the lighter body there is a diode from the drive, several resistors, a switch and a battery. All elements of the lighter need to be installed in their places, after which the button that previously lit the flame will turn on the laser.


However, to construct the device, you can use not only a lighter, but also a flashlight. Before you make a laser from a flashlight, you need to take the laser block from the CD drive. In principle, the structure of a homemade laser in a flashlight is no different from the structure of a laser in a lighter. You just need to take into account the power supply, which almost never exceeds 3 V, and it is also advisable to build an additional voltage stabilizer. It will increase the life. It is very important to take into account the polarity of the diode and stabilizer.

All assembled filling must be placed in the body of the disassembled flashlight. First, not only the inner part, but also the glass is removed from the flashlight. After installing the laser unit, the glass is installed in place.

Laser pointers are portable devices that contain emitters that generate waves of electromagnetic coherent and monochromatic origin in the visible range in beam form. The emitters can be laser diodes or full-fledged solid-state lasers.

There are several types of laser pointers, which differ in the types of emitters and come in the following colors:

  • Reds;
  • Greens;
  • Blue;
  • Turquoise;
  • Blue;
  • Violet;
  • Yellow;
  • Orange.

LU red color

These LUs are the cheapest and most common. They operate from a conventional button cell battery, based on red laser diodes with a radiation spectrum of 650-660 nm. They are equipped with driver boards that control power. To emit radiation in the form of a narrow beam, lenses convex on both sides, called collimators, are used.

Red LUs are mostly low-power up to 1-100 mW. Their characteristic feature is that the red diodes “burn out” quite quickly, reducing the intensity of the radiation, which is why most of these pointers, after a couple of months of operation, begin to shine worse, regardless of the battery charge.

Green laser

During the day, the human eye is more sensitive to green colors than to red colors (about 6-10 times). Thanks to this, green laser shines more brightly. However, at night the opposite happens.

Green laser diodes are extremely expensive, so solid-state lasers with diodes are used to create green laser. They are not as expensive as green laser diodes, but more valuable than red ones. Green laser wavelength is 532 nm, with an efficiency of approximately 20%. Green LUs are more energy-consuming than red ones; as a result, it is difficult to select units powered by button batteries.

LU blue color

They began to be produced in 2006, the action scheme is similar to green laser. The wavelength of blue is 490 nm, turquoise is 473 nm, and blue is 445 nm. The emitter is a solid-state high-power laser. Blue LUs are very expensive, diodes are not so expensive, but are not widely used. Blue LU radiation is extremely dangerous for the eyes. Efficiency approximately 3%.

LU yellow color

The wavelength of yellow LUs is 593.5 nm. There are also their orange “colleagues” with a wavelength of 635 nm. Efficiency is just over 1%.

LU purple color

LUs with violet laser diodes have a wavelength of 400-410 nm. This is almost the limit in the range that the human eye perceives, so this light is seen as dim.

The light from violet lasers causes fluorescence, and the brightness of luminous objects becomes more intense than in the laser itself. The LU series was introduced with the advent of a drive for Blu-ray optical media, in which a laser diode with a corresponding wavelength of radiation was used.

LU: application

  • LUs are often used by educational institutions, for example, for physics experiments, as well as for presentations;
  • The point of light produced by the laser beam attracts the attention of pets. Cats and dogs react especially to them, which often leads people to play with these pets;
  • Green LUs are used in both amateur and professional astronomical research. Green LUs are used to determine the directions of stars and constellations;
  • LUs are used as laser target designators for precise aiming of firearms or pneumatic weapons;
  • LUs are used by radio amateurs as a communication element within visible boundaries;
  • Red LUs with disconnected collimators are used when creating amateur holographs;
  • Laboratory practice uses LUs (especially green ones) to detect in liquids, gases or any transparent substances in small quantities impurities or suspensions of mechanical origin that are invisible to the naked eye.

Laser Safety

Laser radiation is dangerous if it comes into contact with the eyes.

Ordinary LUs have a power of 1-5 mW, they are classified as hazard classes 2-3A. They can be dangerous when the beam is directed into people's eyes for fairly long periods or using optical instruments. LUs with a power of 50-300 mW are classified as class 3B. They are dangerous because they cause severe damage to the retina of the eyes, even with short-term exposure to a direct laser beam.

You should be aware that low power green DPSS pointers use significantly high power IR lasers which do not guarantee sufficient IR filtering. These types of radiation are invisible and, as a result, much more dangerous to the eyes of people and animals.

In addition, LUs can have extremely irritating effects. Especially if the beam hits the eyes of drivers or pilots, which can distract their attention or even lead to blindness. In some countries, such acts entail criminal liability. For example, in 2019, one American was sentenced to almost two years in prison for briefly blinding a pilot in a police helicopter with a powerful laser.

In recent years, there have been an increasing number of “laser incidents” in developed countries, caused by requirements to limit or prohibit drug use. Currently, New South Wales legislation provides for a fine for possession of medicinal drugs, and for committing a “laser attack” - imprisonment for up to 14 years.

The use of LU is prohibited according to the rules during football matches. For example, the Algerian Football Federation was fined 50,000 Swiss francs because fans used a laser pointer to blind the Russian national team goalkeeper Igor Akinfeev during the 2014 World Cup.

The most powerful laser pointer

Not long ago it became known about the appearance of the most powerful pocket laser, the “king” of the LU or the “Jedi sword”. The small, powerful laser can burn through thin plastics, explode children's balloons, set paper on fire, and blind people. The device from the Chinese manufacturer Wicked Lasers only superficially resembles popular LUs, but has a larger body.

Often, a laser pointer with a tiny cylinder that emits a red laser beam is used by children for games or for presentations at school. However, Wicked Lasers' new generation pointer will not be a toy for children. And this is no coincidence, because the output power of a Chinese laser pointer is tens and hundreds of times greater than that of conventional inexpensive laser pointers.

It is surprising that the Chinese “green supermodel” with a beam power of 0.3 watts reaches an “exposure range” of up to 193 kilometers.

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