The drug Actovegin (lat. Actovegin) is an extract deproteinized (released) from protein, obtained from the blood of calves. In medical practice, it is commonly called gemoderivate.

Features of the impact on the body

Taking the medicine helps to activate the metabolic process at the cellular level. This is due to the ability to increase the volume of transmission and accumulation of oxygen and glucose in cells, which in turn contributes to their intracellular utilization. As a result, there is an acceleration of the metabolism of adenosine triphosphoric acid (ATP), as well as an increase in the energy resources of cells.

The effectiveness of the drug is relevant if it is necessary to improve metabolism (the process of metabolism in the body) and anabolism (the process of assimilation of incoming substances). As an additional positive effect, it is worth highlighting the strengthening of the function of blood supply in the body.

The doctor can prescribe Actovegin intravenously or intramuscularly when diagnosing:

• hypoxia (oxygen starvation of cells due to insufficient supply or disruption of the assimilation process);
• the need for accelerated wound healing, regeneration (recovery) of tissues.

Indications for the use of the drug

Actovegin for intravenous administration or any other method of administration is allowed after consulting a doctor. He also controls the dosage of the drug and the total duration of the treatment course. Among the main indications for the use of the drug, it is worth highlighting:

1. Insufficiency of blood circulation in the region of the brain.
2. Postponed ischemic stroke, provoked by a lack of oxygen supplied to the tissues and disorders of the circulatory process.
3. Existing traumatic brain injury.
4. Failures of the process of blood circulation of the peripheral form (both venous and arterial).
5. Trophic disorders (in the processes of supplying the skin with essential substances).
6. Angiopathy is a violation of the tone in the work of the vascular system.
7. Manifestation of varicose veins on the legs.
8. Ulcers of various forms.
9. Burns and bedsores.

Taking the drug is also evaluated as an effective prevention of radiation damage to the body and their direct therapy.

Rules for preparing the drug for further use

The main rule for the successful introduction of the drug into the patient's body concerns the ban on the independent implementation of the procedure. Either a doctor or a nurse should administer the injection. The drug must be administered at a slow pace, no more than 2 ml for one minute. Even before the procedure is done, it is necessary:

• prepare a syringe and the medicine itself in an ampoule or in the form of a solution;
• over the biceps in the area of ​​​​the elbow joint, tighten the tourniquet and find a vein;
• in order for the veins to swell, you need to do a few clenching with your fist;
• the injection site is treated with a disinfectant, for example, alcohol;
• the needle is slowly inserted into the vein against the direction of blood flow;
• the tourniquet is removed;
• the medicine is administered slowly and in equal volumes;
• after the needle is pulled out, cotton or a napkin with a disinfectant is applied to the injection site;
• after the injection, the arm should be bent at the elbow for 2-5 minutes.

The procedure must be performed by medical personnel, since an incorrectly delivered injection can cause the manifestation and development of many different diseases and unpredictable consequences.

As for the dose and the rules for preparing the solution, it all depends on the nature of the diagnosed diseases and their severity. The drug can be administered orally in the form of a dragee, as a solution for droppers, or by injection. When taken orally, it is extremely important not to chew the tablets and drink plenty of water. The dosage is provided, as a rule, 1-2 pieces three times during the day.

Intravenously, the drug is administered in 10-20 ml initially, and then the amount should decrease to 5 ml. Injections are given once a day.

To prepare the solution, it is allowed to use 200-300 ml of saline or glucose. The dosage of Actovegin is determined by the doctor and can be 10, 20 or 50 ml. The duration of the general course with intramuscular injections and dosage is determined solely by the attending physician.

Possible side effects of the drug and contraindications for taking

It is impossible to prick or use Actovegin inside if the patient has an increased sensitivity to the components of the drug. According to the instructions, the medicine is contraindicated during pregnancy and lactation, as well as with the simultaneous use of alcohol. Of the side effects of use, it is worth paying attention to the manifestation of itching, urticaria, excessive sweating, as well as an uncharacteristic increase in body temperature. Caution in the use of a medicinal substance should be observed in the treatment of elderly patients.

Features of intravenous use of the drug

Intravenously, the medication can be administered by jet or drip. The first option is rather an exception and is prescribed if necessary to quickly eliminate the manifesting pain symptoms. Before use, the drug is dissolved in saline or in 5% glucose concentration. If Actovegin is administered intravenously, then the daily dose should not exceed 20 mg of the drug substance.

The optimal dosage option and the duration of the treatment itself is determined by the doctor individually in each individual case. As a rule, intravenous administration of the drug is carried out daily for a week. In cases of complications and at more serious stages of the disease, the capacity of the administered drug can be increased to 20-50 ml for the first few days in order to improve the patient's condition.

An increase in intravenous doses is also allowed during exacerbation of chronic ailments. In this case, the drug is administered in containers of 5–20 ml for 14 days. Actovegin can be prescribed for planned intake by the patient. In this case, it is planned to introduce 2-5 ml of the substance for 24 hours. The duration of the treatment course, as a rule, is a month and a half.

The exclusive administration of the drug intravenously is observed when diagnosing diabetes mellitus in a patient. The instruction in this case provides for the need to administer the drug once a day for 4 months, at least.

Purpose of intramuscular injections

If there is no need to immediately eliminate the pain syndrome, the drug can be administered intramuscularly. The exact dosage and duration of the therapeutic course is determined by the attending physician and directly depends on the patient's current condition. Depending on the purpose of the drug, Actovegin can be dissolved in a 5% glucose concentration or in 0.9% sodium chloride. The medication can be taken 1 to 3 times a day. The duration of treatment is controlled exclusively by the doctor.

Alternatively, the drug can be used in the form of tablets for oral use or medicated gels and ointments. Before using the drug in any of the forms of release, you must get a clear consultation from your doctor.

Actovegin is an effective modern drug used in many branches of medicine. With its help, they improve nutrition and cell regeneration, eliminate oxygen starvation, circulatory failure. The drug is available in different forms: ointment, cream, tablets, solution for injection and infusion.

Which form to choose or combine several is decided jointly by the doctor and the patient, depending on the expected effect of the treatment. Each form has its own characteristics.

The effect of Actovegin on the body

Actovegin is made from natural ingredients and has practically no contraindications. Widely used in medicine, cosmetology and sports. Promotes saturation of tissues with oxygen and absorption of glucose, stimulates metabolic processes.

Used in the treatment of:

• circulatory disorders in the vessels of the brain (including after a stroke);
• ulcers of various origins;
• peripheral nerves;
• varicose veins;
• thrombophlebitis;
• endarteritis;
• diseases of the retina.

In addition, the drug is used for skin grafting, radiation damage, for healing wounds, burns and bedsores.

Features of intravenous use of the drug

Actovegin is available in ampoules of 2 ml, 5 ml and 10 ml. 1 ml contains 40 mg of active ingredient. Intravenously, it is injected into a vein by drip or jet (in cases where you need to urgently relieve pain). With drip administration, the drug is mixed with saline or glucose. It is allowed to administer no more than 10 ml of Actovegin per day, in severe cases - up to 50 ml. The number of injections and dose is determined by the attending physician based on the patient's disease and the body's response. The course is at least a week and reaches 45 days.

In diabetes, treatment is prescribed only by drip of 2 ml. The therapy lasts about 4 months.

The order of injections:

1. Prepare a syringe, cotton wool, disinfectant, tourniquet, medicine.
2. Tighten the tourniquet over the elbow - while the patient clenches his fist. Palpate the vein.
3. Treat the injection site with alcohol and insert it.
4. Remove the tourniquet and inject or adjust the operation of the dropper.
5. After the procedure, remove the needle and apply sterile cotton wool.
6. The patient keeps the elbow flexed for about 4 minutes.

The injection is simple, but it must be performed by a specialist in order to avoid unpleasant consequences and infection into the bloodstream.

For drip administration, mixing Actovegin with other drugs, except for saline and glucose 5%, is prohibited.

Purpose of intramuscular injections

When using Actovegin injections, you need to make sure that the liquid in the ampoule is clear and does not contain sediment. The medicine from the ampoule after opening can no longer be used; do not buy high dosage ampoules for injection.

The injection can be done in the buttock, shoulder, thigh and abdomen. Enter Actovegin should be slow, because. sensations are painful.

Before conducting a course of treatment, a test for an allergic reaction is carried out. To do this, make a test injection and observe the patient's condition for several hours.

Assign intramuscular injections of 5 mg for 10 days for the treatment of wounds and against exacerbation of chronic diseases. According to the therapeutic effect, they are considered less effective than intravenous.

How best to take Actovegin: intravenously or intramuscularly

Each type of Actovegin injection (intravenous or intramuscular) has its own indications. Intravenous injections should be performed by a qualified medical worker, and intramuscular injections - by any person at home after familiarization with simple rules.

After intramuscular injection, the drug is gradually absorbed through the network of vessels into the bloodstream. The action of the injection will be gradual and prolonged. And after the introduction of the drug intravenously, the action is instantaneous and short, the effect is more pronounced.

Actovegin is best taken intravenously, because. intramuscular injections are quite painful. But if it is not possible to visit the clinic for treatment or call a nurse at home, you can inject the drug into the buttock.

Intramuscular injection ( V/m) is a parenteral method of administering drugs, in which the drug enters the body by injecting an injection solution through a syringe into the thickness of the muscle tissue.

After an intramuscular injection, the drug enters the bloodstream by absorption of the drug in the vascular bed of the skeletal muscles.

The muscular system is better supplied with blood than the subcutaneous tissue, then, with intramuscular injection, the effect of the drug usually begins faster than with subcutaneous, but slower than with intravenous administration.

Intramuscular injections are used when it is necessary to introduce both an aqueous and an oily solution of drugs into the muscle, or, in volume no more than 10 ml. Intramuscularly, vaccinations against infectious diseases are also carried out by introducing into the body or.

The use of intramuscular injection

The use of intramuscular injection is the most common type of parenteral administration of drugs due to good vascularization of the skeletal muscles, promotes rapid absorption of drugs, and also due to the simplicity of the administration technique, which allows this method to be used by people without special medical training, after mastering the appropriate skills.

Intramuscular injection can also be used to administer oily solutions of medicinal substances or suspensions ( subject to the condition that the oil solution or suspension does not enter the bloodstream). Usually, the drug is administered intramuscularly when there is no need to obtain an immediate effect from the administration of the drug (absorption of the drug after intramuscular injection occurs within 10-30 minutes after administration), when the administration causes the occurrence of phlebitis or thrombophlebitis, and subcutaneous administration causes the formation of infiltrates and abscesses at the injection site.

Intramuscular injections are also predominantly used in the provision of emergency medical care to patients in a state of excitement or patients with convulsions (due to the difficulty of subcutaneous or intravenous drug administration in such patients).

When carrying out an injection, it is recommended to administer drugs in a volume of no more than 10 ml, in order to avoid overstretching of muscle tissues and the formation of an infiltrate.

Do not administer intramuscularly drugs that have a locally irritating effect or that can cause necrosis (necrosis) and abscesses at the injection site. Intramuscular injection is also not used to administer the solution due to the formation of hematomas at the injection site.

Intramuscular injections of drugs are not recommended for patients who are on a permanent basis.

For intramuscular injection, it is necessary to have a sterile medical instrument - (syringe) and a sterile form of the drug.

By intramuscular injection, medicines can be administered both in medical institutions (outpatient and inpatient departments) and at home (if the patient does not have the appropriate skills, the medical worker is invited to the house), as well as when providing emergency medical care - in an ambulance help, including

Intramuscular injection technique

The algorithm (techniques) for performing intramuscular injection may vary depending on the situation. This section describes the general rules.

Intramuscular injection of the drug is most often carried out in the outer upper quadrant of the gluteal region, since it is in this area that the layer of muscles is well developed, as well as the network of lymphatic and blood vessels is well developed, in addition, large vessels are removed from this area (primarily the upper gluteal artery) and sciatic nerve, which makes it impossible to risk damage to them.

Intramuscularly, the injection can be performed in the middle third of the anterior surface of the thigh, in an area with a well-developed layer of muscles and the absence of large vessels and nerve trunks in this area, as well as in the deltoid muscle (2.5-5 cm below the acromial process of the scapula) and subscapular site R03, (in the same area such drugs as toxoids and vaccines are most often introduced, used to prevent and treat infectious diseases).

Before performing an intramuscular injection, drugs ( especially in the form of an oil solution) must be heated to a temperature of 30-37 ° C.

Before starting the procedure for intramuscular injection of the drug, the medical worker treats his hands with a disinfectant solution, and then puts on rubber gloves. The injection site is treated with an antiseptic solution (usually ethyl alcohol).

When performing an injection of the drug into the outer upper quadrant of the gluteal region, the syringe is inserted at 90° to the surface of the body, when a drug or vaccine is injected into the femoral area, subscapularis or deltoid muscle, the syringe is installed at 70°. The syringe needle, after piercing the skin, is inserted into the muscle approximately 2/3 of the length (to prevent breakage of the needle, it is recommended to leave it above the skin surface at least 1 cm needle). After a skin puncture, immediately before the injection of the drug, the syringe plunger must be pulled back to check that the needle has entered the vessel. After checking the correct location of the needle, the drug is injected into the muscle in full.

After the procedure for administering the drug is completed, the injection site is treated with an antiseptic again.

Advantages and disadvantages of intramuscular use of drugs

The advantages of intramuscular use of drugs is that the active substances, when introduced into the body, do not change at the site of contact with tissues, therefore, drugs that are destroyed by the digestive system can be used intramuscularly.

In most cases, the use of intramuscular injection provides the advantage of a rapid onset of action of the drug.

If prolonged action is necessary, drugs are usually administered intramuscularly in the form of oily solutions or suspensions, which cannot be done with intravenous administration.

The advantage of intramuscular injection is that the rate of absorption of the drug is not affected by food intake and much less influenced by the individual characteristics of the biochemical reactions of the organism of a particular person, the state of the enzymatic activity of the human body, and the intake of other drugs. The procedure for performing intramuscular injection is relatively simple, which makes it possible to carry out this manipulation even for a non-specialist.

The disadvantages of intramuscular use is that often with the introduction of drugs intramuscularly there is pain and the formation of infiltrates at the injection site (less often - the formation of abscesses) (although less often than with subcutaneous injections). With poor development of blood vessels at the injection site, the rate of absorption of the drug may decrease. With intramuscular administration of drugs, as with other types of parenteral use of drugs, there is a risk of infection of a healthcare worker or patient with blood-borne pathogens.

The disadvantages of intramuscular administration include an increased likelihood of side effects of drugs due to the high rate of entry into the body and the absence of biological filters of the body along the route of the drug - the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract and (although the rate is lower than with intravenous use).

When using intramuscular injections, it is not allowed to administer more than 10 ml of the drug once due to the likelihood of muscle tissue overstretching and reducing the likelihood of infiltrate formation. Drugs that have a local irritant effect can also cause the formation of necrosis and abscesses at the injection site.

Possible complications with intramuscular injections

The most common complication of intramuscular injection is the formation of infiltrates at the injection site. Usually, infiltrates are formed when the drug is injected into the area of ​​\u200b\u200bdensification or edema formed after previous injections. Infiltrates can also form with the introduction of oil solutions that are not heated to the optimum temperature, as well as when the maximum injection volume (10 ml) is exceeded.

One of the possible complications that arise when the technique of intramuscular injection is violated is the formation of abscesses and. These complications most often occur against the background of incorrectly treated post-injection infiltrates, or if the rules of asepsis and antisepsis are violated during the injection.

Treatment of such abscesses or phlegmon is carried out by a surgeon.

In case of violation of the rules of asepsis and antisepsis during intramuscular injections, it is possible for patients or medical workers to be infected with pathogens of infectious diseases transmitted through the blood, as well as the occurrence of a septic reaction as a result of bacterial infection of the blood.

When conducting an intramuscular injection with a blunt or deformed needle, subcutaneous hemorrhages may occur. If bleeding occurs during the injection, it is recommended to apply a cotton swab moistened with alcohol to the injection site, and later - a half-alcohol compress.

If the injection site is chosen incorrectly during the administration of drugs, damage to the nerve trunks can be observed. This complication can lead to the formation and paralysis.

Treatment of this complication is carried out by a doctor, depending on the symptoms and severity of the lesion.

If the needle is inserted too deep into the tissues, damage to the periosteum (connective tissue that covers the bone) is possible. With this complication, persistent pain is observed at the injection site. If damage to the periosteum occurs, it is recommended to pull the needle away from the injury site by at least 1/3 of the length, and put a heating pad on the injury site.

If a hypertonic solution (10% sodium chloride or calcium chloride solution) or other locally irritating substances are erroneously injected into the muscle, tissue necrosis may occur. When this complication occurs, the affected area should be pricked with a solution of adrenaline, 0.9% sodium chloride solution and novocaine solution. After chipping, a cold pressure dry bandage is applied to the injection sites, later (after 2-3 days) a heating pad is applied.

When using a defective injection needle, when the needle is inserted too deeply into the thickness of the muscle tissue, as well as when the technique for administering the drug is violated, the needle may break. With this complication, it is necessary to try to independently remove the fragment of the needle from the tissues, if an unsuccessful attempt is made, the fragment is removed surgically.

When performing intramuscular injections (most often in a standing position), the patient may lose consciousness (fainting). If this complication occurs, it is recommended to lay the patient down with his head slightly lowered and his legs raised, unfasten his clothes, give a sniff of the ammonia solution, and if necessary, introduce a parenteral solution or.

An extremely serious complication of intramuscular injection is medication. This complication occurs rarely, its occurrence is associated with a violation of the injection technique. A complication occurs when a medical worker, when injecting an oily solution of a drug or suspension, did not check the position of the needle and the possibility of getting this drug into the vessel. This complication can be manifested by bouts of shortness of breath, the appearance of cyanosis, and often ends in the death of the patient. Treatment in such cases is symptomatic.

Denial of responsibility

The article on intramuscular injections of drugs of the medical portal "My Pills" is a compilation of materials obtained from authoritative sources, a list of which is located in the "Notes" section. Despite the fact that the reliability of the information presented in the article " Intramuscular drug injections» checked by qualified specialists, the content of the article is for reference only, is not guidance for independent(without contacting a qualified medical specialist, doctor) diagnostics, diagnosis, choice of means and methods of treatment.

The editors of the My Pills portal do not guarantee the truth and relevance of the materials presented, since the methods for diagnosing, preventing and treating diseases are constantly being improved. To get full medical care, you should make an appointment with a doctor, a qualified medical specialist.

Notes

Notes and explanations to the article "Intramuscular injections of drugs".

• Suspension- a liquid dosage form, which is a dispersed system containing one or more solid medicinal substances suspended in a liquid. Suspensions are used for internal (oral) and external use, as well as for injection.
• Vaccine- a medical or veterinary drug intended to create immunity to infectious diseases. Vaccination is usually done by injection.
• Anatoxin, toxoid - a drug based on a toxin (poison of biological origin), which does not have pronounced toxic properties, but at the same time is capable of inducing the production of antibodies to the original toxin. Anatoxins are used for active immunoprophylaxis of toxinemic infections: staphylococcus toxin poisoning, gas gangrene, tetanus, including diphtheria.
• Vascularization- this is the supply of blood vessels and, as a result, organs, areas and parts of the body with blood.
• Phlebitis- an inflammatory disease that affects the walls of blood vessels.
• Thrombophlebitis- inflammation of the venous walls with the formation of blood clots in the lumen of the inflamed vein. Thrombophlebitis affects exclusively the veins of the lower extremities and, as a rule, is a complication of varicose veins of the legs.
• Infiltrate- accumulation in the tissues of the human body of cellular elements with an admixture of lymph and blood. The most common tumor and inflammatory infiltrate.
• Abscess- purulent inflammation of tissues with their melting and the formation of a purulent cavity, developing in the subcutaneous tissue, bones, muscles, as well as in organs or between them. An abscess can occur on its own or be a complication of another disease. A classic example of an abscess is angina (pharyngeal abscess).
• Heparin- direct anticoagulant, a substance that prevents blood clotting.
• Dialysis– purification of colloidal solutions and substances of high molecular weight substances from low molecular weight compounds dissolved in them using a semipermeable membrane. Dialysis in medicine hemodialysis- a method of extrarenal blood purification in acute and chronic renal failure. With hemodialysis, toxic metabolic products are removed from the body, and electrolyte and water balance disorders are normalized.
• Superior gluteal artery- the most powerful branch of the internal iliac artery, divided into two branches - superficial (located between the gluteus maximus and medius muscles, supplying them with blood) and deep (located between the gluteus medius and minimus, supplying them with blood) branches.
• sciatic nerve- the nerve that fully provides the mobility of the legs. The sciatic nerve is the largest nerve in the human body, originating at five different levels in the spinal cord. Branches of the sciatic nerve go to the thigh, knee, lower leg, feet and phalanges of the fingers.
• Enzymes, enzymes - as a rule, protein molecules or ribozymes (RNA molecules) or their complexes that catalyze (accelerate) chemical reactions in living systems. Enzymes, like all proteins, are synthesized as a linear chain of amino acids that coagulate in a certain way. Each amino acid sequence folds in a special way, resulting in the resulting protein globule (molecule) has unique properties. Enzymes are present in all living cells and contribute to the transformation of some substances into others. Enzymatic activity can be regulated by inhibitors and activators (inhibitors decrease, activators increase). According to the type of catalyzed reactions, enzymes are divided into six classes: oxidoreductases, transferases, hydrolases, lyases, isomerases, and ligases.
• Cordiamin- a drug that stimulates metabolism in the central nervous system.
• Embolism (from the ancient Greek O52, _6, ^ 6, _9, _5, ^ 2, - “invasion”) is a typical pathological process due to the presence and circulation in the blood or lymph of particles that are not found in them under normal conditions (embolus). Embolism often causes blockage of the vessel (occlusion) with subsequent disruption of the local blood supply. Medical embolism can occur with subcutaneous or intramuscular injections of oily solutions if the needle accidentally enters a blood vessel. The oil trapped in the artery clogs it, leading to malnutrition of the surrounding tissues and necrosis.

When writing an article on intramuscular injection of drugs (medicines), materials from information and reference Internet portals, news sites Drugs.com, BD.com, HealthLine.com, ScienceDaily.com, RSMU.ru, KurskMed.com, Wikipedia as well as the following publications:

• Struchkov V. I., Gostishchev V. K., Struchkov Yu. V. “Surgical infection”. Publishing house "Medicine", 1991, Moscow,
• Medina F. (compiler) "Great Medical Encyclopedia". Publishing house "AST", 2002, Moscow,
• Abaev Yu. K. “Handbook of the surgeon. Wounds and wound infection. medicine for you. Phoenix Publishing House, 2006, Rostov-on-Don,
• Pokrovsky V. M., Korotko G. F. (editors) “Human Physiology. Educational literature for students of medical universities. Publishing house "Medicina", 2007, Moscow,
• Erofeeva L. G., Urakova G. N. "A popular guide to women's diseases." Phoenix Publishing House, 2010, Rostov-on-Don,
• Sokolova N. G., Obukhovets T. P., Chernova O. V., Barykina N. V. “Pocket reference book of a nurse”. Phoenix Publishing House, 2015, Rostov-on-Don,
• Tolmacheva E. (editor) “Vidal 2015. Vidal's Handbook. Medicines in Russia. Publishing house "Vidal Rus", 2015, Moscow. (1 votes, average: 5,00 out of 5)
  

There are people who do not perceive vitamins in the form of drugs that you need to drink. These substances, useful and necessary for the body of each person, are not always digestible by the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, no matter how you deprive yourself of these vital elements, you have to administer vitamins intramuscularly or intravenously.

It is good if it is possible for a specialist to carry out the injection procedures, but if this is not possible, you can inject vitamins yourself, but the main thing is to know how and where. And many people have a question: how to inject vitamins and when is it necessary?

What vitamins can be injected and when is it necessary?

Often, in the treatment of many diseases, it is recommended to drink several vitamins together at once, this mainly applies to B vitamins, so doctors prescribe vitamins in the form of injections. Sometimes a dietary restriction can serve as a reason for an injection - this is when a person is a vegetarian or follows a diet in which vitamins of one group or another, and in particular B, do not enter the body.

It is also necessary to administer vitamins intramuscularly, and not drink, when a person takes certain medications (anti-tuberculosis drugs, etc.), or after an operation on the gastrointestinal tract. If the body has been exposed to toxic substances, it is very important to undergo acupuncture of B vitamins. Sometimes the reason for the introduction of vitamins intramuscularly are some genetic diseases, as well as a number of neurological diseases.

It is most effective to inject vitamins to make up for their deficiency and in case of illness, diabetic polyneuropathy, as well as for the treatment of pain syndromes.

What vitamins to drink, and what to inject?

• All B vitamins;
• Vitamin C;
• Vitamin E;
• Vitamin K;
• PP (nicotinic acid).

These vitamins can be both injected and drunk, but group B drugs are better to inject. But vitamins: D, F, H and P, are taken orally in the form of preparations and externally in the form of ointments and creams.

How to inject vitamins intramuscularly?

Intramuscular injection does not pose a danger to the human body, so you can do it yourself at home. Almost anyone can do it, the main thing is to understand how. For this you will need:

• Syringe and with a needle from 3-4 cm, for intramuscular injections;
• Cotton swab;
• Alcohol or cologne.

It is advisable to have another needle to take the medicine, this is because the needle that comes with the syringe must be opened at the very last moment, no matter what the infection is.

First you need to open the syringe and remove the native needle without removing the plastic cap from it, but instead put on a needle to take the medicines. After that, you need to open the ampoule with the drug, cut a little with a special nail file and break off its tip. Then you need to go to the intake of the drug, inserting a syringe into the ampoule, mainly with a needle, this is so that no matter what air gets in when the drug is taken.

As a result, bubbles are formed, which, if they get under the skin, cause discomfort. If bubbles still get into the syringe, they must be disposed of. After that, you need to remove the needle to take the drug and put on your own, make a control injection and the syringe is ready for injection.

An intramuscular injection is usually given in the buttock, but it is inconvenient for oneself to do this, the best option in this case is the thigh, the injection is injected into its upper half. Since muscle mass and subcutaneous tissue, together with fat, are much thinner than on the buttocks, the skin needs to be pulled back a little, where to prick so that the needle does not hit the bone or periosteum, thereby causing injury.

The injection site must be disinfected with a cotton swab dipped in alcohol. After that, you should check if air is coming out of the syringe and then you can safely proceed to the procedure itself. The syringe must be held like a pen, inserting a few millimeters of the needle and leaving some part outside, in case it breaks, so that it can be reached, although this happens very rarely.

After inserting the needle, the drug should be injected slowly, if there are sensations of pain, you can pause the process, and then continue. The injection site of the syringe must be treated with an alcohol solution.

How to inject vitamins intravenously?

Intravenous injections are more difficult to do than intramuscular injections, so it is better if a specialist does it.. If this is not possible, the procedure can be carried out independently, but you must strictly follow the rules of antiseptics:

• Sterility of syringes;
• Skin disinfection;
• Washing hands before the procedure;

The optimal site for injection is the veins of the elbow, due to their relatively large size. These veins are clearly visible because the layer of skin covering them is rather thin. Often, injections are made into the veins of the hand, as well as the forearm. But in theory, vitamins can be injected into any vein in the body. It depends on the degree of palpation of the veins. There are several types of veins:

• Uncontoured vein - it is not palpable and not visible, sometimes it happens, but very badly;
• Weakly contoured vein - this type of vein is palpable and visible. It almost does not protrude above the skin;
• A well-contoured vein is clearly visible, fairly thick, and clearly protrudes from under the skin.

The procedure for administering the drug intravenously

It will be more convenient if someone will help you to give an intravenous injection, since it is rather problematic to carry out the procedure yourself.

First of all, the person who will perform this procedure needs to wash their hands thoroughly with soap and then put on rubber gloves treated with alcohol. To carry out the procedure you will need:

• Rubber band;
• Cotton balls soaked in alcohol;
• drug for administration.

Procedure sequence

• The patient should take a comfortable position for him (sitting, lying), and then bend his arm to the maximum at the elbow;
• A tourniquet must be applied to the middle of the patient's shoulder (over clothing or a napkin);
• To make the vein better filled with blood, you should squeeze and unclench your fist several times;
• Draw a solution for injection into the syringe and check for the presence of air in it, then put a cap on the needle;
• Treat the patient's skin with a cotton swab dipped in alcohol;
• Use your free hand to fix the skin in the puncture area;
• Direct the syringe parallel to the vein and pierce the skin, inserting the needle with the cut up a third of its length (while the fist is clenched);
• Change the direction of the needle, without stopping the fixation of the vein, and pierce it until it feels like it is in a void;
• Untie the tourniquet by pulling on the free end, while the patient must unclench the brush;
• Carefully, slowly inject the vitamin without changing the direction of the syringe;
• Press the place where the injection was made with a cotton swab, then remove the needle from the vein;
• Put a cotton ball soaked in alcohol in the injection site and bend the arm at the elbow joint. Stay in this position for a few minutes;
• Discard syringe and unused materials.

If any complications arise, you should immediately consult a doctor.

It is popularly believed that such a course of injections is more effective than taking drugs inside, and "does not act" on the liver. Today I will try to explain why this opinion is not entirely true.

What are the ways to administer drugs?

Methods of drug administration are divided into 2 large groups: enteral route of administration and parenteral path. Separately allocate local the use of medicines.

Enteral route (from the Greek enteron - intestine) is associated with the gastrointestinal tract (gastrointestinal tract):

• ingestion (swallowing through the mouth - per os);
• through the rectum (per rectum) - this way they are introduced rectal suppositories(rectal suppositories), especially for young children;
• under the tongue (sublingually, from lat sub - under, lingva- language),
• on the cheek (buccal, from lat. bucca - cheek), tablets of medicine are placed and adhered to the oral mucosa, this is how nitrates are used to treat angina pectoris.

When they say " the drug is taken 3 times a day”, usually mean reception INSIDE.

Parenteral route of drug administration (from Greek para - near) has nothing to do with the gastrointestinal tract. There are many parenteral routes of administration, I will list only the most famous:

• externally (cutaneously - transdermally) - in the form of ointments or patches with medicine,
• intramuscularly,
• intravenously,
• subcutaneously,
• intraosseously - since the bone marrow is well supplied with blood, this route of administration is used in pediatrics and for emergency care when it is not possible to administer the drug intravenously,
• intradermally (intradermally) - for the Mantoux test, vaccination against the herpes simplex virus,
• nasally (intranasally - into the nasal cavity) - IRS-19 vaccine, cromoglycic acid; nasal administration can also be attributed to topical application,
• intra-arterial - usually used in chemotherapy of malignant tumors,
• epidurally - in the space above the dura mater,
• intrathecally (endolumbally) - into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) under the arachnoid membrane of the brain in diseases of the central nervous system.

Intravenous administration is:

• in the form of a bolus (Greek bolos - lump) - jet injection of the drug in a short period of time (3-6 minutes),
• in the form of an infusion - a slow, long-term administration of a drug at a certain rate,
• mixed - first bolus, then infusion.

People call injection injection, infusion - " dropper».

There are local and systemic effects of drugs.

• When applied topically, the drug acts mainly at the site of contact with tissues (for example, instillation of the nose, injection of the drug into the abscess cavity, etc.).
• The drug has a systemic effect after it enters the systemic circulation, that is, when it is distributed throughout the body (and not isolated in some limited place).
• When applied topically, part of the drug is able to be absorbed through the mucous membranes (subject to resorption, from lat. resorbeo - absorb), carried with the blood and affect the entire body, such an action is called resorptive.

What is the best way to administer the drug?

1. naturally,
2. cheap (no syringes needed, dosage forms are cheaper),
3. simple and affordable (relevant qualifications and equipment are not required),
4. less risk of inflammatory complications (after intramuscular injection, an abscess or abscess may occur, and after intramuscular injection of an irritating drug, thrombophlebitis, or inflammation of the vein),
5. less risk of fatal allergic reactions (when taken orally, they develop more slowly than when administered parenterally),
6. sterility is not required (it will not be possible to become infected with HIV or parenteral hepatitis B and C),
7. a large selection of dosage forms (tablets, capsules, dragees, powders, pills, decoctions, potions, infusions, extracts, tinctures, etc.).

Differences between tinctures and infusions:

• tinctures contain alcohol,
• infusions are alcohol-free.

Who needs parenteral drug administration?

The treatment of the vast majority of chronic diseases was specially developed with the expectation of long-term regular intake of drugs by mouth (arterial hypertension, coronary artery disease, etc.).

• insulin with type 1 diabetes,
• albumin and antibodies(immunoglobulins),
• enzymes in lysosomal storage diseases, etc.

Insulin, antibodies, many enzymes are useless to take orally, because, being proteins in chemical structure, they are simply digested in the gastrointestinal tract under the action of the patient's digestive enzymes.

Thus, most chronic diseases do not require a planned course of parenteral drug administration. Enough to take them regularly. Often, "preventive" injection courses are useless or even harmful. They take time from the patient (to get to the treatment room of the polyclinic) and resources from the healthcare system. Since obese people get sick more often and have to be treated, and their veins are “bad” (hard to reach), after an unnecessary course of intravenous infusions, the veins will be punctured or many subcutaneous hematomas will appear around due to the release of blood from the damaged vessel. If after some time the patient develops a complication that requires intensive treatment, then it will be more difficult for healthcare workers to get venous access (the ambulances are skilled, but experience does not come immediately). In some cases (for example, fatal arrhythmias), this will cost the life of an unintelligent patient.

This is what the skin looks like after intravenous injections of a highly irritating substance (in this case, the drug "crocodile"). You can enter this substance into a specific vein only once, after which the vein is severely (often irreversibly) damaged. There are not enough veins, and drug addicts have to inject into any visible veins in the arms and legs.

Photo source: http://gb2.med75.ru/pages/page/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BB/

This is perhaps the "softest" photo. People with iron nerves can, if they wish, independently find on the Internet other (shocking) photos of people after the parenteral administration of this drug - with deep festering wounds to the bone and hanging pieces of meat.

Parenteral administration of drugs is justified in the following situations:

1. if you need a quick effect in acute diseases or exacerbation of chronic ones (treatment of myocardial infarction, hypertensive crisis, etc.),
2. if the patient has impaired consciousness (cannot swallow consciously),
3. if the swallowing process is impaired (muscle weakness or damage to the nervous system),
4. if the absorption of the drug in the gastrointestinal tract is impaired,
5. if the drug, due to the peculiarities of its chemical structure, is fundamentally unable to be absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract,
6. if the exact dosage is important, which will not depend on the characteristics of the patient's gastrointestinal tract.

Answers to other people's arguments

Fans of parenteral treatment have their own arguments, which I want to answer.

"no stress on the stomach"

It is not entirely clear what kind of "load" on the stomach is meant. Most likely, the irritating effect of drugs or their ability to cause damage to the gastric mucosa is implied. For instance, aspirin or diclofenac can cause gastritis and even ulcers. However, this side effect is due to the very mechanism of action of drugs in this group, so the parenteral route of administration diclofenac will not protect you from an ulcer, and taking enteric-coated aspirin will only marginally reduce your risk. Much better to replace diclofenac to a more modern drug from the NSAID group (selective COX-2 inhibitor), which has minimal effect on the stomach ( nimesulide, meloxicam, celecoxib etc.) or at least parallel reception of a proton pump blocker.

In general, highly irritating substances are not administered parenterally (sometimes only as a long-term slow infusion), because they can cause irritation and necrosis (necrosis) of surrounding tissues, including the walls of the veins with the development of inflammation - thrombophlebitis. In other words, if the drug is normally tolerated in the form of an injection, then in the oral dosage form it will not cause local irritation.

"does not affect the liver"

Our body is designed so that all the outflowing blood from the stomach and intestines (with the exception of the lower half of the rectum) first passes through the liver barrier. The liver checks this blood for safety and sends it to the systemic circulation (into the inferior vena cava, which leads to the heart). Part of the systemic circulation always passes through the liver, and the drug is gradually biotransformed there by the action of liver enzymes. Therefore, over time, the effect of the drug decreases, and you have to take the next dose of the drug. Thus, there is little difference between injections and tablets: when absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, any drug must initially pass through the hepatic barrier in order to enter the systemic circulation. And with injections, the drug immediately enters the bloodstream, bypassing the liver, but then it is still forced to repeatedly pass through the hepatic barrier.

All venous blood from the gastrointestinal tract is collected in the portal vein (lat. vena portae - porte vein) and enters the liver.

If you have serious problems with the liver, then it is advisable, together with your doctor, to select drugs that are minimally metabolized (destroyed) there. For example, among ACE inhibitors it is lisinopril.

Refusing necessary treatment for fear of " plant a liver”, remember: although an artificial liver has not yet been invented, the average risk of dying from cardiovascular disease is much higher than from liver disease.

"does not cause dysbacteriosis"

It's a delusion. Antibiotics when administered parenterally enter the intestinal tissue from the blood. Magazine " Therapist with reference to Vanderhoof J. A., Whitney D. B., Antonson D. L., Hanner T. L., Lupo J. V., Young R. J. Lactobacillus GG in the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in children // J Pediatr 1999; 135:564-568 writes that when administered parenterally amoxicillin/clavulanate, erythromycin and other antibiotics from the groups macrolides, cephalosporins and penicillins the risk of developing diarrhea due to dysbacteriosis is equal to the same risk when taking these antibiotics orally.

Thus, the parenteral route of administration of antibiotics, compared with the oral route (per os - through the mouth), does not reduce the incidence of dysbacteriosis and diarrhea as complications.

Read more: « Mechanisms of development and ways of correction of antibiotic-associated diarrhea”, http://www.lvrach.ru/2014/06//

Can be used to prevent antibiotic-associated diarrhea enterol, probiotics, lactulose in bifidogenic doses. It has been proven that enterol reduces the frequency of diarrhea while taking antibiotics by 2-4 times (prescribed 1 capsule or 1 powder 1-2 times a day during the course of antibiotic treatment). More about enterole Read more about treating diarrhea.

“in the hospital they treat mainly with injections”

If the hospital does not prescribe parenteral injections, it turns out that you are kept there in vain. With the same success (taking all medicines inside) you could be treated at home. However, not all patients in the hospital are diligently treated. There is an anecdote: Doctor, my sick leave quickly ends from your pills! I don't want to take them.". Pills may not be taken or thrown away, unlike injections given by a nurse. For example, my mother claims that when I was alone in the hospital at preschool age, I secretly collected the pills that they gave me to take in the hospital bedside table until it was discovered. Good thing I didn't think to drink them all at once.

Are injections really more effective than pills?

There are many ways to introduce drugs into the body, but most often we use oral forms or injections. How is it better? Both options have both adherents and opponents. But more often you hear that injections are much more effective and have fewer side effects than tablets or other oral forms. Let's try to figure out whether injections are really superior to tablet forms in everything, or is this another myth.

Why is an injection better than a pill?

Most often, defenders of the injection method of administering drugs recall that pills can harm the stomach and digestive tract, as, for example, aspirin and other popular drugs. In addition, no less often they talk about the harm to the liver and kidneys, which have to remove the medicine that has entered the gastrointestinal tract. Indeed, the use of pills increases the load on these organs.

vaccinated patient

Also, opponents of oral forms argue their position, remembering antibiotics that can cause dysbacteriosis and digestive disorders, stool and the entire work of the gastrointestinal tract. And many more medicines have a frankly disgusting taste and it can be difficult to swallow them.

Of course, against the background of such disadvantages, the advantages of injections become more obvious, because their use frees you from the need to swallow something tasteless. In this case, the mucous membrane of the stomach and digestive tract will not suffer. And the medicine, administered by injection, begins to act much faster. In addition, this method is suitable for patients who are unconscious or in a coma.

Cons of injections

Unfortunately, injections also have a lot of disadvantages, and the first of them is pain when the medicine is injected. Everyone who has tried the antibiotic Ceftriaxone on water, and not on Lidocaine, will confirm that dysbacteriosis and stool disorders after tablets are much easier to tolerate. And after injections, abscesses and infiltrates often remain. By the way, with intramuscular administration of antibiotics, a person's own microflora suffers in the same way as with oral administration.

Injections are not for everyone

The fact that antibacterial agents harm the body less, since they do not burden its organs, is also nothing more than a myth, since with any method of drug administration, it is sooner or later excreted by the kidneys and liver. In addition, with intramuscular, and even more so intravenous administration of drugs, the likelihood of severe allergic reactions increases many times over - for example, anaphylactic shock.

What to choose?

What is the method of drug administration to choose? It depends on the condition of the patient and the characteristics of the drug itself.

If the patient is conscious and able to swallow, then in most cases, preference should be given to forms for oral administration, if, of course, those exist. For example, insulin is only given by injection, as it is broken down in the stomach. Contrary to popular belief, most intramuscular drugs are no more effective than any other.

Injections or pills?

Moreover, injections are often less effective. It is not necessary to administer intramuscularly NSAIDs, muscle relaxants and chondroprotectors, since in tablets they have the same bioavailability, they are also well absorbed and act. Given that treatment with such drugs is often lengthy, injecting a person for several months would be a real mockery.

Nothing more than a myth and the absolute harmfulness of tablets for the digestive tract. Most of the drugs that are potentially unfavorable for the mucosa have long been learned to be released in tablets coated with a special coating that protects the surface of the digestive tract from negative effects.

The effectiveness of injections in the treatment of any chronic diseases is low. Usually in such a situation it is required that the drug acts gradually and for a long time, and after injection it enters the bloodstream and then is excreted too quickly.

When are injections more effective?

Undoubtedly, intramuscular injections are necessary when the patient simply cannot swallow the medicine: for example, he is unconscious or in an inadequate state. In this case, an injection is the only way to quickly deliver the necessary medicine into the bloodstream. But for any chronic diseases or mild acute, it is necessary to give preference to oral medication.

Consultation at the sick bed

Another situation when you need to choose injections is if you need to deliver the medicine to a specific place. This is, for example, used when performing local injection therapy or blocking the area of ​​inflammation with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. But such treatment is rarely performed today.

There is a version that the legend about the exceptional effectiveness of injections was created at a time when doctors had to fulfill the plan for hospital beds by any means. The need for systematic injections forced even those patients who could easily be treated at home to stay in the hospital.

There are few situations when injections work better than tablets, so it can be said with confidence that the notorious high effectiveness of drugs when injected is nothing more than a myth.

Is the effect of intravenous drug administration and intramuscular injection the same?

Injections are intramuscular, subcutaneous, intravenous, etc. Each type of injection has its own indications.

Some drugs, when administered subcutaneously, cause pain and are poorly absorbed, which leads to the formation of infiltrates. When using such drugs, as well as in cases where they want to get a faster effect, subcutaneous administration is replaced by intramuscular.

Intravenous administration of drugs requires the presence of a highly qualified nurse, it is not recommended to do them at home.

Intramuscular injections can be done at home. Moreover, any person can and should learn to do them, especially if there are sick or old people in the family. After all, you will not call a health worker at home every time or go to the clinic.

Some even learn to give intramuscular injections to themselves.

Muscles have a wider network of blood and lymphatic vessels, which creates the conditions for rapid and complete absorption of drugs. With intramuscular injection, a depot is created, from which the drug is slowly absorbed into the bloodstream, and this maintains the required concentration in the body, which is especially important in relation to antibiotics.

Another advantage of injections is that the medicine does not irritate the stomach, it does not have digestive effects.

If this drug can be administered both intravenously and intramuscularly, then:

If you need emergency care, it is better to do it intravenously, the effect will be strong but short. And with intramuscular injection - the effect will be gradual and prolonged.

Can Actovegin be injected intramuscularly?

Actovegin is a drug that activates metabolism, improves trophism, reduces tissue hypoxia and stimulates regeneration. Actovegin is used intramuscularly, intravenously, orally and externally. For each method of application there is a separate dosage form.

Characteristics of the drug

For the production of Actovegin, the blood of dairy calves is used, from which deproteinized hemoderivat is obtained by dialysis and ultrafiltration. It contains amino acids, macronutrients, microelements, fatty acids, oligopeptides and other important physiological components.

Having received a doctor's prescription for therapy with an ampoule form of the drug, many are wondering whether it is possible to inject Actovegin intramuscularly or whether an intravenous infusion is needed. The answer can be obtained both from a doctor or pharmacist, and by reading the leaflet to the medicine - the drug is used for intramuscular use.

Actovegin is produced in several dosage forms: injection solution, ointment, tablets, cream, infusion solution and gel. This allows each patient to choose the ideal remedy.

In particular, injections of Actovegin intramuscularly are carried out using an injection solution. It is a clear liquid that has a yellowish color or is completely colorless. The drug is sold in ampoules with a volume of 2, 5 and 10 ml. The active component in the solution is included in the amount of 40 mg per ml. Thus, 2 ml contains 80 mg of gemoderivate, 5 ml - 200 mg, and 10 ml - 400 mg. The excipients are water for injection and sodium chloride.

Medication indications

The drug has a complex mechanism of action, providing a variety of its pharmacological effects, therefore it is used in the treatment of many diseases in various fields of medicine. Its purpose is justified, if necessary, to improve the nutrition of body tissues, increase their resistance to hypoxia, which ensures the minimum amount of damage to body cell structures in conditions of oxygen deficiency.

Actovegin according to the instructions for intramuscular injection is used for:

• abnormal dilation of cerebral vessels;
• damage to the retina;
• dyscirculatory encephalopathy;
• ischemia and oxygen starvation of organs;
• vascular atherosclerosis;
• ischemic strokes;
• vascular angiopathy;
• extensive burns of a chemical and thermal nature;
• cerebral insufficiency;
• wounds and bedsores;
• diabetic polyneuropathies;
• frostbite;
• craniocerebral injuries;
• radiation and radiation damage to the skin and mucous membranes.

How to apply

Depending on the severity of the course of the disease, intramuscular or infusion medication is prescribed. The decision on this, as well as on the dosage of the drug, is made by the doctor.

Instructions on how to administer injections intramuscularly:

• Before carrying out the manipulation, you should thoroughly wash your hands with soap and treat with an antiseptic;
• The ampoule should be slightly warmed in the hand before administration;
• Holding the ampoule vertically and having lightly tapped on it so that the entire solution is in the lower part, break off its tip along the line with a red dot;
• The medicine is drawn with a sterile syringe, then turned upside down and a drop of solution is released to make sure that all the air is out;
• Visually divide the buttock into 4 parts and insert the needle into the upper outer square, after treating the skin with a cotton swab with alcohol;
• Enter the drug slowly;
• After the injection, the injection site is clamped with cotton wool or a napkin moistened with alcohol.

In injections, according to the instructions for use, Actovegin is used at 2-5 milliliters per day. The introduction can be carried out from 1 to 3 times a day.

The attending physician, based on the presence of indications, the severity of the course of the disease and the effectiveness of the treatment, can change the recommended doses in one direction or another. If it is necessary to administer the drug in doses exceeding 5 ml, it is recommended to use Actovegin intravenously.

The following doses of the drug are usually prescribed:

• In case of circulatory insufficiency of the brain, 5 ml of the drug is used for 14 days. Next, a tablet form is prescribed to support the effect;
• To speed up the process of tissue regeneration in wounds, frostbite and other damage to the epidermis, daily injections of 5 ml of Actovegin solution are indicated. Additionally, local forms of the drug are used - ointment, cream or gel.

Intramuscular administration is used for mild to moderate disease, while in more complex cases, infusion into a vein is required.

Precautionary measures

To ensure maximum efficiency and safety in the treatment with Actovegin in injections, it is necessary to follow the rules for its use.

Prior to the start of full-fledged therapy, the presence of individual intolerance should be determined. For this, 2 ml of the drug is injected intramuscularly for 1-2 minutes. Long-term administration allows you to observe the body's response to the drug and, with the development of anaphylaxis, you can stop the injection in time and start resuscitation of the patient.

From the above, the following admission rule follows - injections should be given in a medical institution, where, if necessary, emergency care can be obtained. If home treatment is nevertheless assumed, then at least the first dose should be administered in a hospital under the supervision of medical staff.

Intramuscularly, Actovegin is allowed to be administered at a dose not exceeding 5 ml, since the solution is hypertonic and can provoke a sharp jump in blood pressure.

It is important to create the most sterile conditions when administering the drug. An open ampoule should be used immediately, as there are no preservatives in the medicine that would provide longer storage. Therefore, the drug should be purchased in ampoules of the volume that needs to be injected at a time. After all, storage of an opened ampoule is prohibited.

Actovegin should be stored in the refrigerator, therefore, before use, the ampoule should be slightly warmed in the hands to ensure a more comfortable administration.

A solution with a visible precipitate or cloudy should not be used. The contents of the ampoule should have a yellowish color and transparency.

It is allowed to include Actovegin in complex treatment regimens for diseases, since no negative interaction reactions with other drugs have been established. It should be borne in mind that mixing it with other drugs in the same vial or syringe is strictly prohibited. The exception is solutions of sodium chloride and glucose, which are recommended for the preparation of infusion solutions. It is also forbidden to drink alcohol during treatment with the drug.

Side effects

Actovegin is well tolerated. The most frequent negative effect during its treatment are allergic reactions, including angioedema. Much less common are:

• redness or pallor of the skin;
• dizziness;
• chest pain;
• indigestion;
• quickening and difficulty breathing;
• general weakness;
• increased blood pressure;
• pain in muscles and joints;
• increased heart rate;
• fever;
• paresthesia;
• bouts of suffocation.

If any adverse reactions of the body to the use of the drug appear, Actovegin therapy should be discontinued and symptomatic treatment should be prescribed.

When using Actovegin injections intramuscularly, it must be borne in mind that this is a rather unpleasant and painful procedure. Therefore, its intravenous drip administration is preferable along with a solution of glucose or sodium chloride.

Contraindications

Actovegin has a high safety profile, which allows it to be used in a wide range of patients. However, there are exceptions. Injections of Actovegin intramuscularly are prohibited when:

• hypersensitivity to the components of the remedy;
• heart failure;
• violations of the outflow of urine;
• pulmonary edema;
• kidney diseases.

The use of the drug in special groups of patients

According to the instructions, the drug should not be prescribed in pediatrics due to the lack of a sufficient number of relevant studies. But in practice, many doctors use Actovegin to treat infants and children.

Intramuscular injections of the drug are practically not used in this category of patients due to the painfulness of the procedure. An exception are infants with the consequences of intrauterine hypoxia. But such injections are administered only in a hospital under constant medical supervision.

Pregnant women Actovegin is prescribed with caution, after assessing the possible consequences for the fetus. If it is necessary to administer the drug to such patients, preference is given to intravenous administration at the beginning of treatment with a further transition, when the condition improves, to intramuscular administration or taking tablets.

Indications for the appointment are: the threat of abortion, feto-placental insufficiency, placental abruption, Rhesus conflict, slowing down weight gain by the fetus or its low physical activity.

The use of the drug during lactation is also allowed, but only if its therapeutic effect on the mother's body exceeds the potential risk to the baby.

In geriatrics, the drug is used quite often. At the same time, judging by the reviews, it is in the elderly and senile age that the positive effect of Actovegin manifests itself best.

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Actovegin /

Actovegin activates cellular metabolism (metabolism) by increasing the transport and accumulation of glucose and oxygen, enhancing their intracellular utilization. These processes lead to an acceleration of the metabolism of ATP (adenosine triphosphoric acid) and an increase in the energy resources of the cell. Under conditions that limit the normal functions of energy metabolism (hypoxia /insufficient supply of oxygen to the tissue or violation of its absorption/, lack of substrate) and with increased energy consumption (healing, regeneration /tissue repair/), Actovegin stimulates the energy processes of functional metabolism (the process of metabolism in body) and anabolism (the process of assimilation of substances by the body). The secondary effect is increased blood supply.

Indications for use:

Insufficiency of cerebral circulation, ischemic stroke (insufficient supply of oxygen to the brain tissue due to acute cerebrovascular accident); traumatic brain injury; violations of peripheral circulation (arterial, venous); angiopathy (impaired vascular tone); trophic disorders (malnutrition of the skin) with varicose veins of the lower extremities (changes in the veins characterized by an uneven increase in their lumen with the formation of a protrusion of the wall due to a violation of the function of their valvular apparatus); ulcers of various origins; bedsores (tissue necrosis caused by prolonged pressure on them due to lying down); burns; prevention and treatment of radiation injuries.

Doses and route of administration depend on the type and severity of the course of the disease. The drug is administered orally, parenterally (bypassing the digestive tract) and topically.

Inside designate 1-2 pills 3 times a day before meals. Dragee is not chewed, washed down with a small amount of water.

For intravenous or intra-arterial administration, depending on the severity of the disease, the initial dose is ml. Then appoint 5 ml intravenously slowly or intramuscularly, 1 time per day, daily or several times a week. Intravenously, 250 ml of solution for infusion is administered intravenously at a rate of 2-3 ml per minute 1 time per day, daily or several times a week. You can also use 10, 20 or 50 ml of injection diluted in ml of glucose or saline. Total per course of treatment. It is not recommended to add other drugs to the infusion solution.

The cream is used to improve wound healing, as well as weeping wounds. Use after the formation of bedsores and the prevention of radiation injuries.

Eye gel. Squeeze 1 drop of gel directly from the tube into the affected eye. Apply 2-3 times a day. After opening the package, the eye gel can be used for no more than 4 weeks.

Allergic reactions: urticaria, a feeling of a rush of blood, sweating, fever. Itching, burning in the area of ​​application of the gel, ointment or cream; when using the eye gel - lacrimation, injection of the sclera (redness of the sclera).

Hypersensitivity to the drug. Prescribe the drug with caution during pregnancy. During lactation, the use of actovegin is undesirable.

Dragee forte in a package of 100 pieces. Solution for injection in ampoules of 2.5 and 10 ml (1 ml - 40 mg). Solution for infusion 10% and 20% with saline in 250 ml vials. Gel 20% in tubes of 20 g. Cream 5% in tubes of 20 g. Ointment 5% in tubes of 20 g. Eye gel 20% in tubes of 5 g.

In a dry place at a temperature not higher than +8 * C.

Released from protein (deproteinized) extract (hemoderivat) from the blood of calves. Contains 1 ml of 40 mg of dry matter.

Which injections are more difficult - intramuscular or intravenous?

Injections are intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous.

Each type of manipulation has its own algorithm.

If we consider the complexity, the most difficult, of course, are intravenous, since not everyone has a well-developed subcutaneous venous peripheral network. Sometimes it seems that the veins are "swollen, bumpy", well-defined, but so mobile, with an elastic wall, that it is very difficult for a nurse to "catch" the wall of the vein with a needle and pierce it. Sometimes the wall of the vein is so sclerotic that it pierces with a crunch. With a drop in blood pressure, peripheral veins collapse, then technically such manipulation is very difficult.

If the technique of intravenous injection is not followed, blood (hematoma) will enter the subcutaneous space, the drug, which dissolves painfully, infiltrate occurs. And if calcium chloride is ingested, in general, necrosis of the subcutaneous tissue occurs.

If the rules of asepsis and antiepsis are not observed, phlebitis of the cubital vein may occur, which is fraught with a formidable complication - thrombosis. Intravenous injection requires experience, dexterity and proper technique.

With intramuscular injection (in the upper outer quadrant of the gluteal muscle), there may also be painful infiltrates, which can sometimes result in suppuration, phlegmon. The same goes for subcutaneous injections.

Well, in general, everything can be moved and endured. Vasokanes are now widely used - a peripheral catheter, in urgent and severe cases, resuscitators perform CPV - catheterization of the subclavian vein, commonly called the "subclavian".

Is it possible to inject Actovegin intramuscularly

Is it possible to administer Actovegin intramuscularly and how to do it correctly is a common question of people who have been prescribed this remedy as a course of injections for the treatment of a particular pathology. It is especially important to know the answer when it comes to treating pregnant women or children.

Is it possible to administer Actovegin intramuscularly and why are these injections prescribed at all? Actovegin is one of those drugs that are available in various pharmaceutical forms. It can be dragees, capsules, ointment, gel and injection ampoules. As a rule, the latter are prescribed when the disease has passed into a severe stage and other forms of the drug are no longer effective. Or the patient's condition is very serious and needs immediate help.

It is believed that this medicine is safe, since the raw material for it is a natural bioproduct.

The main components of the drug:

• extract from the blood of calves;
• purified water;
• sodium chloride.

Injections of the drug can be given even to children and pregnant women. But, like any medication, Actovegin can cause unwanted side effects, in rare cases it causes severe allergies.

The effect of the drug on the body of a child or expectant mother has not yet been fully studied. Therefore, it is understandable that patients are interested in whether Actovegin can really be administered intramuscularly and how to do it correctly.

When are injections needed?

Actovegin in solution for injection intramuscularly is an ampoules with a clear or slightly yellowish liquid. The ampoule can be 2.5 or 10 ml. The main property of the drug is to accelerate metabolic processes in cells, due to which oxygen and glucose are better absorbed. It is prescribed for the treatment and prevention of oxygen starvation, for wound healing after injury or surgery. It is also used in neuralgia.

The main indications for the introduction of Actovegin intramuscularly are:

• oxygen starvation of tissues and organs, including in pregnant women and children;
• serious metabolic disorders;
• cerebrovascular insufficiency;
• diabetes mellitus and its complications;
• extensive burns;
• bedsores;
• poorly healing wounds;
• radiation damage to the skin or mucous membranes;
• ulcers of any origin.

How to administer the drug correctly

You can do intramuscular injections with this drug, intravenous and intra-arterial infusions. Infusions can only be carried out by a doctor in a medical institution. Many patients do injections on their own at home.

Important: before starting therapy, the doctor must conduct trial testing. For this, 2 ml of the drug is injected for one minute. This length allows you to monitor the reaction of the patient's body to the drug and, in the event of adverse events, immediately stop the administration of the drug. That is why you should not start giving injections on your own at home - the first injection is always done by a medical worker.

Basic rules for Actovegin injections:

• a single daily dose should not exceed 5 ml;
• the maximum duration of the course of treatment is 20 procedures and no more.

The algorithm for administering the drug intramuscularly is as follows:

1. First, wash your hands thoroughly with warm water and soap.
2. Remove the ampoule from the refrigerator and warm it in your hands.
3. Bring the ampoule to a vertical position and tap the bottom with your finger so that the liquid sinks to the bottom.
4. Prepare a disposable syringe, break off the upper tip of the ampoule and carefully draw the medicine into the syringe.
5. Turn the syringe upside down and slowly press the plunger until a drop of the drug hangs on the needle.
6. Prepare the patient's buttock. Divide it conditionally into four parts. Injections are made in the upper quarter closer to the outside.
7. Wipe the skin with alcohol, stretch it with two fingers and insert the needle three-quarters at a right angle.
8. Slowly inject the drug - the rate of administration should not exceed 2 ml per minute.
9. Quickly withdraw the needle after insertion is complete and rub the injection site with a cotton swab.

Contraindications and application features

With great care, this drug is prescribed to pregnant women and children under the age of three years. The decision on the advisability of using Actovegin is always made by the doctor, based on the severity of the disease and the patient's well-being.

• acute heart failure;
• difficulty removing fluid from the body;
• serious pathologies of the kidneys;
• pulmonary edema;
• drug intolerance.

If intramuscular injections are allowed at home, the patient must follow certain rules so as not to harm his health. Actovegin in any form, and especially intramuscularly or intravenously, is incompatible with alcoholic beverages. The action of these two substances is completely opposite, therefore the most unpredictable reaction can occur.

Ampoules should be stored strictly in the refrigerator on the door or bottom shelf. If flakes appear in the solution or a precipitate forms, it can no longer be used. It is also important to monitor the patient's electrolyte metabolism - edema is one of the most common side effects in the treatment of this drug.

The drug is rarely prescribed to children in the form of injections due to the high risk of an allergic reaction and pain. It is used in obstetrics to prevent fetal hypoxia, but the course of treatment is carried out only in a hospital under constant medical supervision.

Actovegin is generally well tolerated by patients of any age. But this does not mean that you can use it uncontrollably for injections at home. If you want to get a good effect and not harm the body even more, it is better to entrust the injection to a specialist in a medical institution - it will be wiser and safer.

What is the best way to use Actovegin intravenously or intramuscularly?

Intravenously. So the drug will quickly enter the bloodstream and begin its therapeutic effect. The only difficulty here is that not everyone can do such injections. To do this, you need to go to the clinic. This is not always possible.

The drug Actovegin is available in various forms: a gel for external use, a dragee for oral use, a solution for intravenous infusion, a solution for intravenous and intramuscular injections, as well as an eye gel for rapid healing of the retina and cornea.

If you inject intramuscularly, then you need to keep in mind that the injection is quite painful, but tolerable. If you inject intramuscularly, then the effect occurs quite quickly, but with intravenous administration, the effect will be more pronounced.

Actovegin is better to inject into a vein, and even better to put a dropper. The problem is that at home it is difficult to do it yourself. It is much easier to inject intramuscularly.

Actovegin should not be combined with other drugs.

Almost any drug is best taken intravenously (if there is a choice). Actovegin is no exception, this drug is better and faster transferred through the vessels. Therefore, the effect of it will be achieved faster. In addition, Actovegin is very painful if injected intramuscularly. Although, it is prescribed even for newborns in / m.

It is better to use actovegin as prescribed by the doctor. Only he, after collecting all your complaints, having looked at the survey data, can decide how and in what dosage the medicine should be used.

The doctor told me that the best effect will be achieved if actovegin is injected into a vein, supposedly it passes through the vessels faster and gets to the right place. I pierced the course, well, I don’t know if there is any effect from this actovegin.

It is better not to use if you value your health. It has long been banned in many countries, and here we are still discussing how to inject it. Look at least on the website of its manufacturers, where they sell it - only to China, South Korea, and to us. Prion disease may not develop immediately, but after many years of using the drug with animal components, which is Actovegin.

Actovegin is best administered intravenously. Then the drug is injected in a jet, in the form of droppers. Previously, I came across not only ampoules with Actovegin, but already diluted Actovegin in vials. Intramuscularly, it is impossible to inject more than 5 ml of the solution. It is best to administer only a trial dose intramuscularly in order to make sure that a person does not experience allergic reactions due to Actovegin.

Mexidol

The description is current as of 09/04/2014

• Latin name: Mexidolum
• ATX code: N07XX
• Active ingredient: Ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate (Aethylmethylhydroxypyridini succinas)
• Manufacturer: Ellara LLC, Armavir Biofactory, Moscow Endocrine Plant, Mir-Pharm, ZiO-Health, ALSI Pharma (Russia)

Compound

The composition of the drug in the form of a solution for injection includes ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate as an active substance (50 mg per 1 ml) and auxiliary components:

The composition of one Mexidol tablet includes 125 mg of the active substance ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate, as well as a number of auxiliary components:

• lactose monohydrate;
• sodium carboxymethylcellulose (sodium carmellose);
• magnesium stearate.

Each tablet is coated with a white or creamy white coating, consisting of:

• opadra II white (macrogol polyethylene glycol);
• polyvinyl alcohol;
• talc;
• titanium dioxide.

Release form

The drug Mexidol has two forms of release: in ampoules and in tablets.

Mexidol in ampoules is intended for infusions and intramuscular injections. The solution is available in colorless or light-protected glass ampoules, on which the breaking point is indicated in blue or white and with three marking rings, the top of which is yellow, the middle is white, the bottom is red.

Ampoules have a capacity of 2 or 5 ml and are packed in 5 pieces in blisters. The carton package is completed with 1 or 2 contour packs, as well as instructions for the medical use of the drug.

For hospitals, Mexidol solution is packed in 4, 10 or 20 blisters.

One tablet of the drug Mexidol has a mass of 125 mg and is intended for oral administration. Tablets are available in packs of 10 pieces in blister packs made of PVC film and aluminum foil, or 90 pieces in plastic jars made of food-grade plastic.

For hospitals of medical institutions, tablets are produced in plastic jars made of food-grade plastic, 450 or 900 pieces each.

Description of the drug in the form of a solution for injection

Mexidol in ampoules has the appearance of a clear liquid, which can be either colorless or slightly yellowish.

Description of the tablet form of Mexidol

Tablets are biconvex, round, film-coated, the color of which can vary from white to white with a slightly creamy tint.

pharmachologic effect

The drug Mexidol belongs to the pharmacological group of drugs that affect the nervous system.

In addition, it has a pronounced stress-protective effect (that is, it increases the body's resistance to stress), improves memory, has the ability to prevent or stop seizures, and also reduces the concentration of certain lipid fractions (in particular, low-density lipoprotein) in various tissues. and body fluids.

Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

Pharmacodynamics

The pharmacological properties of Mexidol are due to the activity of ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate, which is part of it.

According to Wikipedia, this substance belongs to the category of drugs that prevent or slow down the processes of peroxidation of membrane lipids in cells.

Ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate belongs to the class of 3-hydroxypyridines and is a pyridine derivative of the general formula C5H4_nN(OH)n.

The substance has the form of colorless crystals, which are characterized by the ability to easily dissolve in ethanol and acetone, moderately soluble in water and limitedly in diethyl ether, benzene and naphtha.

The mechanism of action of ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate is determined by its antioxidant and membrane-protective properties.

Acting as an antioxidant, it slows down and suppresses oxidative chain reactions involving active free radicals represented by peroxide (RO2*), alkoxy (RO*) and alkyl (R*) forms of oxygen.

Due to this, against the background of the use of Mexidol:

• the activity of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) increases;
• indicators of the ratio of proteins and lipids increase;
• the viscosity of cell membranes decreases and, accordingly, their fluidity increases.

The drug regulates and normalizes the activity of membrane-bound enzymes (in particular, the main enzyme of the cholinergic system of acetylcholinesterase, the enzyme of the lyase class of adenylate cyclase and calcium-independent PDE (phosphodiesterase)), as well as the activity of receptor complexes (for example, the GABA-benzodiazepine receptor complex).

• membrane-binding enzymes and receptor complexes have an increased ability to bind with sligands;
• normal indicators of the structural and functional organization of biological membranes are maintained;
• the processes of transport of neurotransmitters are normalized;
• indicators of synaptic transmission of neurotransmitters improve.

Tablets and injections of Mexidol can increase the body's resistance to the influence of various aggressive factors and pathological conditions associated with oxygen deficiency.

The drug effectively eliminates symptoms caused by oxygen starvation, shock, ischemia, circulatory disorders of the brain, as well as symptoms of general poisoning of the body with drugs (in particular, antipsychotics) or alcohol.

After a course of treatment with Mexidol (intravenously, intramuscularly or orally):

• the content of dopamine in the brain increases;
• the course of metabolic processes in the brain is normalized;
• cerebral blood supply is normalized;
• improves blood microcirculation;
• rheological parameters of blood improve;
• reduced platelet aggregation;
• the membranes of post-cellular blood structures (erythrocytes and platelets) are stabilized during hemolysis;
• indicators of the content of total cholesterol are reduced;
• indicators of LDL content are reduced;
• the severity of symptoms of pancreatogenic toxemia (general blood poisoning) decreases;
• the severity of the syndrome of endogenous intoxication due to acute pancreatitis decreases;
• the compensatory activity of aerobic glycolysis is enhanced;
• under conditions of oxygen starvation, the degree of inhibition of oxidative processes in the tricarboxylic acid cycle (Krebs cycle) decreases;
• the content of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and creatine phosphoric acid (creatine phosphate) increases;
• synthesis of energy by cellular mitochondria is activated;
• cell membranes are stabilized;
• the course of metabolic processes in the areas of the myocardium affected by ischemia is normalized;
• the area of ​​the necrosis zone decreases;
• the electrical activity of the heart and its contractility are restored and improved (in patients with reversible type of cardiac dysfunction);
• blood flow increases in ischemic areas of the myocardium;
• the severity of the consequences of the reperfusion syndrome caused by acute coronary insufficiency decreases.

Treatment with Mexidol in / in or / m allows you to save ganglion cells, as well as nerve fibers of sensitive cells of the retina in patients with progressive forms of neuropathy caused by ischemic disease and hypoxia.

At the same time, patients have a significant increase in the functional activity of the retina and optic nerve, and visual acuity increases.

The anti-stress effect of treatment with Mexidol tablets is expressed as:

• normalization of behavior after stress;
• disappearance of symptoms of somatovegetative disorders;
• normalization of sleep and wake cycles;
• restoration (partial or complete) of impaired learning abilities;
• memory recovery;
• reducing the severity of dystrophic and morphological changes in various parts of the brain.

Mexidol is also a remedy that effectively eliminates the symptoms that occur during withdrawal conditions.

It removes the manifestations of intoxication caused by alcohol withdrawal (both neurological and neurotoxic), restores behavioral disorders, normalizes vegetative functions, removes or reduces the severity of cognitive impairments provoked by prolonged alcohol use or a sharp rejection of it.

Pharmacokinetics

After intramuscular injection, the active substance of Mexidol is determined in the blood plasma for another four hours. The time during which the maximum plasma concentration is reached is from 0.45 to 0.5 hours.

Mexidol is quickly absorbed from the bloodstream into various tissues and organs and is also quickly excreted from the body: the average retention time of ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate varies from 0.7 to 1.3 hours.

Biotransformation of ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate occurs in the liver. As a result, phosphate-3-hydroxypyridine, glucuron conjugates and other metabolic products are formed. Moreover, some of them are characterized by pharmacological activity.

The drug is excreted mainly in the urine and mainly in the glucuron-conjugated form. A small amount of it is displayed unchanged.

According to the annotation to Mexidol, there are no significant differences in the pharmacokinetic profiles of ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate when taking a single dose and undergoing course treatment.

After oral administration of the tablet, Mexidol ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate is rapidly absorbed, rapidly distributed in various tissues and organs, and rapidly excreted from the body.

After 4.9 to 5.2 hours after taking the tablet, its active substance is no longer detected in the patient's blood plasma.

After biotransformation in the liver, five metabolites are formed by conjugation with glucuronic acid. In particular, phosphate-3-hydroxypyridine, which then decomposes under the influence of alkaline phosphatase into 3-hydroxypyridine and phosphoric acid.

In addition, a pharmacologically active substance is formed in large quantities, which is determined in the patient's urine even hours after taking the drug, two glucuron conjugates and a substance that is excreted from the body in large quantities with urine.

The half-life of Mexidol after oral administration varies from 2 to 2.6 hours.

The substance is excreted mainly in the urine in the form of metabolites (this process is especially intense in the first four hours after ingestion), and only a small part of it is excreted unchanged.

Indicators of urinary excretion of the drug in unchanged form and in the form of metabolic products are characterized by individual variability.

Indications for the use of Mexidol

Indications for the use of Mexidol injections (intravenously or intramuscularly):

• acute circulatory disorders in the brain;
• traumatic brain injury (also injections of the drug are prescribed to relieve or reduce the severity of the effects of traumatic brain injury);
• slowly progressing insufficiency of cerebral blood supply (dyscirculatory encephalopathy);
• syndrome of neurocirculatory (vegetovascular) dystonia;
• mild forms of disorders of cognitive function of an atherosclerotic nature of origin;
• anxiety disorders that accompany neurotic and neurosis-like (pseudo-neurotic) conditions;
• acute myocardial infarction (the drug is prescribed from the first days in the form of droppers or intramuscular injections as part of a complex of therapeutic measures);
• open-angle glaucoma of the primary type (Mexidol in ampoules is intended for the treatment of the disease at various stages, while complex therapy is considered to be the most effective);
• alcohol withdrawal syndrome, characterized by a predominance of pseudoneurotic and vegetative-vascular disorders;
• symptoms of intoxication of the body with antipsychotic agents;
• purulent-inflammatory processes in the abdominal cavity in an acute form (including necrotizing pancreatitis or peritonitis; the drug is prescribed as part of a complex of therapeutic measures).

Indications for the use of Mexidol tablets:

• the consequences of acute circulatory disorders in the brain, including the consequences of TIA (transient ischemic attack), as well as a prophylactic agent at the stage of decompensation of diseases caused by cerebrovascular accident;
• minor traumatic brain injuries and their consequences;
• non-inflammatory diseases of the brain (encephalopathy) of various origins (for example, dyscirculatory or post-traumatic);
• anxiety disorders that accompany neurotic and pseudoneurotic states;
• ischemic disease (as part of a complex of therapeutic measures);
• alcohol withdrawal syndrome, manifested mainly in the form of pseudoneurotic, vegetative-vascular and post-withdrawal disorders;
• symptoms of poisoning with antipsychotic drugs;
• asthenic syndrome.

Also, an indication for the use of the drug in tablet form is the presence of a symptom complex in the patient, due to the impact of stress factors on the body.

In addition, as a preventive measure, Mexidol is indicated for patients who have a high risk of developing somatic diseases due to exposure to extreme factors and stress.

The mechanism of action of Mexidol is determined by its antihypoxic, antioxidant and membrane-protective properties. Therefore, to the questions “What Mexidol tablets are from?” and “When is Mexidol solution effective?”, experts answer that the most appropriate and successful is the appointment of the drug for:

Contraindications for Mexidol

Contraindications to the appointment of the drug are:

• hypersensitivity to ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate or any of the auxiliary components;
• acute liver failure;
• acute renal failure.

Side effects of Mexidol

The drug is well tolerated and rarely provokes certain undesirable effects.

Side effects, which in some cases may occur after taking Mexidol in the form of a solution:

Side effects that are potentially possible after taking Mexidol tablets include:

Also, the drug sometimes increases or lowers blood pressure, provokes emotional reactivity, distal hyperhidrosis, impaired coordination and the process of falling asleep.

Instructions for use Mexidol: method and dosage

Mexidol injections, instructions for use. How to administer intramuscularly and intravenously

The drug in the form of a solution for injection is intended for intramuscular or intravenous administration (by jet or drip infusion). If Mexidol is prescribed for intravenous administration, the contents of the ampoule should be diluted in isotonic sodium chloride solution.

Jet infusion involves the introduction of a solution for five to seven minutes, the drip method is administered at a rate of forty to sixty drops per minute. In this case, the maximum allowable dose should not exceed 1200 mg per day.

Before injecting intramuscularly or injecting the drug intravenously, you should read the instructions. The optimal dosage of Mexidol in ampoules is selected individually in each case, depending on the patient's diagnosis and the nature of the course of his disease.

Dosing of Mexidol in the form of a solution

Acute circulatory disorders of the brain: from 200 to 500 mg by drip into a vein two to four times a day during the day.

Further, the drug should be administered intramuscularly. As indicated in the instructions, this method of treatment is the most effective. Intramuscularly, the solution is administered for two weeks, twice or once a day, at a dose of 200 to 250 mg.

Elimination of the consequences of traumatic brain injury: the drug is administered by drip at a dose of 200 to 500 mg. The frequency of injections is from 2 to 4, the duration of the course of treatment is from 10 to 15 days.

Slowly progressive insufficiency of cerebral blood supply at the stage of decompensation: the drug is administered by drip or jet method once or twice a day for two weeks.

The dose is selected individually and varies from 200 to 500 mg. Further treatment involves the appointment of intramuscular injections: over the next 14 days, the patient is administered from 100 to 250 mg of Mexidol per day.

As a prophylactic against dyscirculatory encephalopathy: the drug is prescribed for injection into the muscle, the daily dose is from 400 to 500 mg, the frequency of injections is 2, the duration of the therapeutic course is two weeks.

Mild cognitive impairment in elderly patients and anxiety disorders: the solution is injected into the muscle, the daily dose varies from 100 to 300 mg, the duration of the therapeutic course is from two weeks to one month.

Acute myocardial infarction (in combination with other therapeutic measures): the drug is injected into a muscle or vein for two weeks in combination with traditional measures that are taken to treat patients with myocardial infarction.

In the first five days of the therapeutic course, the drug is recommended to be administered intravenously by drip infusion, then you can switch to intramuscular injections (injections continue to be given for nine days).

With the infusion method of administration, Mexidol is diluted in an isotonic sodium chloride solution or in a 5% glucose solution. The recommended volume is from 100 to 150 ml, the infusion time can vary from half an hour to an hour and a half.

In cases where this is necessary, the introduction of a solution by drip is allowed (in this case, the duration of the infusion should be at least five minutes).

Both intravenously and intramuscularly, the drug should be administered three times a day with an interval of eight hours. The optimal dose is from 6 to 9 mg per day for every kilogram of the patient's body weight. Accordingly, a single dose is 2 or 3 mg per kilogram of body weight.

In this case, the maximum allowable daily dose should not exceed 800 mg, and a single dose.

Open-angle glaucoma (for various stages of the disease in combination with other therapeutic measures): the drug is administered intramuscularly for two weeks, the daily dose varies from 100 to 300 mg, the frequency of injections is from 1 to 3 during the day.

Alcohol withdrawal: method of administration - drip infusion or intramuscular injection, the daily dose varies from 200 to 500 mg, the frequency of injections is 2 or 3 per day. The duration of the therapeutic course is from 5 to 7 days.

Intoxication with antipsychotic drugs: method of administration - intravenously, daily dose - from 200 to 500 mg, duration of the therapeutic course - from one to two weeks.

Acute purulent inflammatory processes of the abdominal cavity: the drug is indicated for use both on the first day before surgery and on the first day after the operation. Method of administration - intravenous drip and intramuscularly.

The dose is selected depending on the severity and form of the disease, the extent of the lesion, the characteristics of the clinical picture. It varies from 300 (for mild necrotizing pancreatitis) to 800 mg (for extremely severe disease) per day.

Cancellation of the drug should be carried out gradually and only upon reaching a stable positive clinical and laboratory effect.

Mexidol tablets, instructions for use

Mexidol tablets are intended for oral administration. The daily dose varies from 375 to 750 mg, the multiplicity of doses is 3 (one or two tablets three times a day). The maximum allowable dose is mg per day, which corresponds to 6 tablets.

The duration of the course of treatment depends on the disease and the patient's response to the prescribed treatment. As a rule, it is from two weeks to one and a half months. In the case when the drug is prescribed to relieve the symptoms of alcohol withdrawal, the duration of the course is from five to seven days.

In this case, abrupt withdrawal of the drug is unacceptable: treatment is stopped gradually, reducing the dose within two to three days.

At the beginning of the course, the patient is prescribed to take one or two tablets per dose once or twice a day. The dose is gradually increased until a positive clinical effect is obtained (while it should not exceed 6 tablets per day).

The duration of the therapeutic course in patients diagnosed with coronary disease is from one and a half to two months. If necessary, according to the doctor's prescription, a second course can be prescribed. The optimal time for the appointment of a second course is autumn and spring.

Overdose

The instruction warns that a medicine such as Mexidol, if the recommended dose is exceeded, can provoke the development of drowsiness.

Interaction

The drug is compatible with all drugs that are used to treat somatic diseases.

When used simultaneously with benzodiazepine derivatives, antidepressants, neuroleptics, tranquilizers, anticonvulsants (for example, carbamazepine) and antiparkinsonian (levodopa) drugs enhances their effect on the body.

This allows you to significantly reduce the doses of the latter, as well as reduce the likelihood of development and severity of unwanted side effects (for which Mexidol is prescribed to certain categories of patients).

The drug reduces the severity of the toxic effects of ethanol.

Mexidol and Piracetam: compatibility

Piracetam as an active ingredient is part of the drug Nootropil, which is used to improve the cognitive (cognitive) processes of the brain.

The joint appointment of Nootropil and Mexidol allows to achieve better results in increasing mental abilities in children, recovering patients after suffering an ischemic stroke or coma, treating chronic alcoholism, psychoorganic syndrome (including in elderly patients with reduced memory, mood lability, behavioral disorders) etc..

However, it should be noted that, in contrast to nootropic drugs (and, in particular, Nootropil), Mexidol does not have an activating effect on the body, does not provoke sleep disturbances and increase convulsive activity.

In terms of its therapeutic efficacy, it is significantly superior to Piracetam.

Compatibility Mexidol and Actovegin

Mexidol and Actovegin have a similar mechanism of action, so they are often prescribed in combination with each other. However, since Actovegin is made from calf blood, it provokes certain side effects more often than Mexidol.

Actovegin at the molecular level accelerates the processes of utilization of oxygen and glucose, thereby increasing the body's resistance to hypoxia and contributing to an increase in energy metabolism.

Compatibility Cavinton and Mexidol

As an active component of Cavinton, Vinpocetine is used, which is synthesized from vincamine, an alkaloid of the perennial Periwinkle plant. The substance has the ability to dilate blood vessels, improve blood circulation in the brain, and has a pronounced antiaggregatory and antihypoxic effect.

In addition, Vinpocetine is able to influence the metabolic processes occurring in the brain tissues, and reduces the aggregation (or, in other words, adhesion) of platelets, thereby improving its rheological properties.

Terms of sale

The drug belongs to the category of prescription drugs.

Storage conditions

Mexidol should be stored in a dry, dark place and out of the reach of children at a temperature not exceeding 25°C.

Best before date

Mexidol tablets and solution are suitable for use within 3 years. After the period indicated on the package, it is forbidden to use them.

special instructions

Solution for intramuscular and intravenous administration

In patients with a predisposition to allergic reactions, with increased sensitivity to sulfites, as well as in people with bronchial asthma, severe hypersensitivity reactions may develop during treatment.

Tablets Mexidol

During the course of treatment with Mexidol tablets, special care should be taken when driving and performing work that is hazardous to health and life. This is due to the fact that the drug has the ability to slow down the speed of psychomotor reactions and reduce concentration.

Mexidol's analogs

For many patients, the question often arises: “How can I replace the drug prescribed by the doctor and are there cheaper analogues?”.

Mexidol's analogs in tablets:

Analogues of the drug in ampoules are:

Quite often, patients have a question: which of the analogues of the prescribed drug is better, cheaper, where there are fewer side effects, etc. Therefore, it is worth considering this topic in detail.

Which is better: Actovegin or Mexidol?

The drugs are used in similar fields of medicine. For this reason, in order to achieve a more pronounced clinical effect, patients are prescribed them in combination.

Which is better: Cavinton or Mexidol?

Both Cavinton and Mexidol are complementary drugs, so they are often prescribed in combination to eliminate the effects of circulatory disorders in the brain.

The main requirement in this case is that the drugs should not be mixed in one dropper or in one syringe.

Which is better: Mexidol or Mexicor?

Mexicor is a generic (synonymous) of Mexidol. Therefore, the drug is used in the same areas of medicine as Mexidol. It is available in the form of gelatin capsules, tablets and solution for injection.

Mexicor effectively relieves anxiety, relieves fears and improves mood, improves memory, attention, increases efficiency and learning abilities, eliminates the symptoms of alcohol intoxication and reduces the pathological consequences of a stroke.

The drug belongs to the group of metabolic cardiocytoprotectors. The mechanism of its action is due to the fusion in its composition of the antihypoxant succinate and the antioxidant emoxipin, which is characterized by a wide spectrum of action.

In combination with other therapeutic measures, Mexicor is indicated for the treatment of myocardial ischemia and ischemic stroke. It is also recommended to prescribe it in the treatment of mild and moderate cognitive disorders and to reduce the severity of symptoms of discirculatory encephalopathy.

Mexiprim and Mexidol - which is better?

Mexiprim is a German analogue of Mexidol. Its manufacturer is STADA Arzneimittel AG. The main difference between the drugs is the composition of the auxiliary components of the core and shell of the tablets. The mechanism of action and indications for use are similar.

Mexidol or Mildronate - which is better?

Mildronate belongs to a group of drugs that improve metabolism and energy supply of tissues. It is available in the form of gelatin capsules, solution for injection and syrup for oral administration.

The active substance of the drug is meldonium (trimethylhydrazinium propionate), which is similar in structure to gamma-butyrobetaine (a substance present in every cell of a living organism).

Mildronate is used as a vasodilator. In addition, the drug improves the supply of organs and tissues with oxygen, improves humoral and tissue immunity, and reduces blood pressure.

Mexidol and Mildronate, at the discretion of the doctor, may be prescribed as part of combination therapy for the treatment of patients with:

Synonyms

• film-coated tablets and solution for intravenous and intramuscular administration Medomexi;
• solution for intravenous and intramuscular administration Meksidant;
• film-coated tablets and solution for intravenous and intramuscular administration of Mexiprim;
• solution for injections and tablets Meksifin;
• solution for intravenous and intramuscular administration Neurox;
• solution for injections and tablets Mexipridor;
• solution for intravenous and intramuscular administration and capsules Mexicor.

Prescribing the drug Mexidol to children

The drug is not prescribed for children and adolescents due to insufficient knowledge of the effect of ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate on the children's body.

Mexidol and alcohol

Mexidol is a drug with a powerful antioxidant effect. For this reason, it is widely used in a wide variety of fields of medicine, including surgery, psychiatry, neurology, etc.

To the question "What is the medicine Mexidol for?" an experienced specialist will answer that the latter effectively restores the function of the neurological and psychological spheres and, in addition, contributes to the renewal and maintenance of the functional activity of liver cells.

Due to the ability of the drug to have a hepatoprotective and nootropic effect, the appointment of Mexidol is one of the most common methods of treating alcohol withdrawal syndrome, which develops against the background of intoxication of the body with ethyl alcohol.

It is believed that Mexidol and alcohol are compatible. Some are inclined to believe that the drug partly even neutralizes the effect of the latter. However, this opinion is erroneous, since the active substance of Mexidol, penetrating the tissues of the brain and liver, only relieves the existing symptoms of intoxication and eliminates the pathology, but does not protect the cells.

That is, the drug does not prevent the occurrence of unwanted symptoms of alcohol intake, but only eliminates its consequences:

• reduces the severity of headache;
• reduces the severity of symptoms of intoxication;
• accelerates the processes of excretion from the liver of residues of toxic substances and fusel oils contained in alcohol.

However, Mexidol cannot protect against liver cirrhosis or irreversible mental disorders if a person continues to drink alcohol at the same doses.

Mexidol during pregnancy and lactation

Pregnancy and lactation are contraindications to the appointment of Mexidol. This is due to the fact that strictly controlled studies of the effect of the drug on pregnant and lactating women have not been conducted.