Genital herpes is a type of herpes infection, manifested by damage to the skin of the genital organs and mucous membranes. In men, the treatment of such a disease is aimed at relieving symptoms. Unfortunately, it is impossible to completely eliminate the virus from the body.
But before you look for a cure, think about it: are you sure that you have herpes? Similar symptoms can occur with more dangerous diseases, such as syphilis. But if herpes eventually goes away on its own, then syphilis, in the absence of adequate treatment, leads to the development of severe complications. Therefore, if in doubt about the causes of the rash, consult a doctor.
Genital herpes in men: treatment with antiviral agents
If you know for sure that you don’t have other infections, and the rashes that appear are signs of herpes, you can start therapy with creams and ointments containing antiviral substances. Now the most optimal medicines for the treatment of herpes are such drugs that are produced in the form of ointments, such as Acyclovir, Famciclovir, Valaciclovir, Penciclovir. Therapy with them should begin as soon as possible, at the first symptoms of pain or itching. Before applying the product to the skin, wash it with soap and water and pat it dry with a towel. The ointment should be applied to the affected area with a thin layer, the procedure should be repeated every three hours for three to five days. Already on the second day, you should notice a positive trend: discomfort will subside, bubbles will decrease, and new ones will stop appearing. If there are no signs of improvement within a week, consult a doctor.
Genital herpes in men: treatment with folk remedies
The effectiveness of herbal remedies in the treatment of herpes in the laboratory has not been tested. But separate studies have shown that some medicinal plants are capable of blocking the reproduction of the virus: lemon balm, peppermint, aloe.
Genital herpes belongs to the group of sexually transmitted infections. It causes a lot of trouble to its "owners" - from uncomfortable sensations to severe psychological problems. Diagnosis and treatment of the disease have a number of features and require special attention of both the doctor and the patient.
What is genital herpes?
Genital herpes is an infectious disease that affects the mucous membranes and skin of the genitourinary organs and the anorectal zone. It manifests itself in the form of many bubbles with liquid contents, which, after a while, burst and turn into sores.
Genital herpes is a sexually transmitted disease. It affects both women and men equally
The course of the disease in men and women has its own characteristics.
Types of disease: urogenital, anogenital, vaginal, anal and others
Modern medicine distinguishes four forms of genital herpes infection:
- primary (the appearance of infection for the first time);
- secondary (the appearance of infection against the background of other diseases);
- recurrent (recurrence of infection);
- asymptomatic (no symptoms of infection);
- atypical (infection masquerades as other diseases of the genital organs).
Depending on the location in women, herpes is distinguished:
- vaginal (rashes are localized on the cervix, in the vagina and the area of its vestibule);
- urogenital (rashes are localized on the cervix, in the vagina, in the region of its vestibule and affect the area of the clitoris, urethra and urethra);
- anogenital (rashes are localized on the cervix, in the vagina, in the vestibule of the vagina and in the anorectal zone);
- covering the entire area of the perineum.
In men, the foreskin, glans, and shaft of the penis are most often affected. The occurrence of anal herpes is possible if a man had sexual intercourse with members of the same sex.
What you need to know about genital herpes: pathogen, transmission routes, signs, treatment - video
Causes of infection in the intimate area and ways of transmission
The causative agent of genital herpes in 90% of cases is the herpes virus of the second type (HSV-2), but there are exceptions when the herpes virus of the first type (HSV-1) is “guilty” of the infection, which accounts for the remaining 10%.
The causative agent of genital herpes is the herpes virus type 2
A sufficiently high resistance of the second type of herpes virus in the external environment is noted. He lives on the strength of half an hour, which is enough for reproduction and distribution. Dies at temperatures above +50 and below -70 degrees Celsius. The favorite location of the virus, where it "dozes", is the nervous tissue. It is the nerve cells that store the viral genes, which, under favorable conditions, are activated.
Risk factors for herpes infection type 2:
- promiscuity;
- having multiple sexual partners;
- neglect of observance of the general rules of hygiene (washing of hands);
- non-compliance with intimate hygiene;
- the presence of sexually transmitted diseases;
- weakening of the immune system;
- constant stress, psychological overstrain;
- overwork;
- intoxication;
- overheating or hypothermia;
- household contacts with the sick person.
Ways of transmission of herpes infection of the second type:
- Contact. Infection occurs through household contacts with a virus carrier or a sick person, when he touches common objects with unwashed hands, and a healthy person, in turn, touches them, forgets to wash his hands and touches the genitals.
- Autoinfection. A person himself spreads the infection with his hands from the infected to the unaffected areas of the mucous membranes and skin.
- Sexual. Infection occurs through sexual intercourse with an infected person. There are paths:
- genital;
- oral-genital;
- anogenital.
- Vertical. Infection of the fetus occurs from an infected mother:
- transplacental (when the virus is transmitted through the placenta);
- ascending (transmission of the virus to the fetus through the cervical canal into the uterus);
- generic (transmission of the virus to the child when passing through an infected birth canal).
Fortunately, the herpes virus type 2 is not transmitted by airborne droplets.
The risk group for contracting a herpes infection of the second type includes:
- persons with low socioeconomic status (especially those who lead a marginal lifestyle);
- women (they get sick more often);
- women and men aged 25–35 (the peak of sexual activity is noted at this age);
- persons of non-traditional sexual orientation, bisexuals.
Symptoms and signs of the disease: rashes on the genitals, buttocks in men and women, temperature and others
Signs differ depending on the type of pathology.
Primary infection: incubation period, manifestations
This is the first time I've been infected with the virus. The incubation period varies from person to person and lasts about a week. On the eighth to tenth day, rashes appear on the genitals, then vesicles with liquid contents form, which open on the second or third day after the appearance, forming ulcers. Further, these sores begin to dry out, forming crusts (16–19 days), after which the healing period begins (up to the thirtieth day).
In men, herpes is manifested by rashes on the skin and mucous membranes:
- head of the penis;
- foreskin;
- urethra;
- coronal sulcus;
- scrotum;
- perianal zone;
- inner surface of the thighs;
- buttocks.
In women, rashes appear on the skin and mucous membranes:
- vagina;
- cervix;
- vestibule of the vagina;
- urethra;
- small labia;
- large labia;
- perianal zone;
- perineum;
- inner surface of the thighs;
- buttocks.
There are common signs for men and women:
- rise in body temperature from 37.5 to 38.5 degrees;
- swollen lymph nodes in the groin area;
- burning sensation before the appearance of rashes;
- intolerable itching when bubbles appear, especially after they are opened;
- discharge from the genital tract, often purulent.
As a rule, the complete extinction of symptoms occurs after 4-5 weeks. Then the virus "goes" to the nerve ganglia (nodes), where it will wait for favorable conditions for activation again.
Secondary infection
With secondary infection, the clinical picture is not as stormy and bright as with the primary one. But the symptoms are the same. Secondary infection is considered when the infection re-enters the body and the presence of antibodies to the herpes virus of the second type.
Recurrent course
After infection, special antibodies of the herpes simplex virus of the second type are formed. They are an indicator that the infection is “sitting” somewhere in the human body and is waiting in the wings.
Under the influence of provoking factors (mainly a decrease in immunity), the virus passes from a latent state into an active one, begins to multiply intensively and manifest itself with clinical symptoms.
The herpes virus under the influence of provoking factors begins to multiply rapidly
Under adverse conditions (when everything is in order with the human body), it again "goes into hibernation" in the nerve cells. So the latent periods alternate with periods of exacerbation. The clinical picture is the same as in primary and secondary infection.
Asymptomatic course
Recognized only when using additional methods of examination. In 20% of cases of genital herpes (with secondary infection or recurrent course), the disease does not have any clinic. Sometimes it can be manifested by slight discomfort in the genital area. Patients with this type of herpes infection are especially dangerous in epidemiological terms, as they become a source of infection for healthy people without even knowing it.
Atypical course
As well as with an asymptomatic course, it is recognized only with additional examination methods. It does not have a typical clinic of genital herpes, but disguises itself as other infectious and inflammatory diseases of the female and male genital area.
Manifestations of genital herpes: what does a rash look like on the labia in women, on the penis in men - photo gallery
Diagnosis of genital herpes: what examinations will the doctor recommend?
The diagnosis of genital herpes is quite easily made (with a pronounced picture of the disease) on the basis of the patient's complaints and his examination. If clinical signs are erased or absent, it is advisable to conduct additional examination methods.
For laboratory studies, blood and biomaterial are taken from the affected areas (not only from a certain place, but from all affected areas). Analyzes are given several times with an interval of several days. In women, they will be the most informative when taking biomaterials in the first phase of the menstrual cycle. In men, the period of testing does not matter.
Only laboratory tests will determine for sure if you have a herpes infection.
Laboratory diagnostics includes:
- Enzyme immunoassay (ELISA). The patient takes venous blood. Conduct a study of the level of antibodies and immunoglobulins M and G, based on the detection of which determine whether the herpes virus is present in the body or not. IgM is an indicator of primary infection, with secondary infection and chronic infection, IgG is detected.
- PCR (polymerase chain reaction). The biomaterial (liquid) from herpetic vesicles is examined. The method allows to detect the pathogen at the earliest stages of the infectious process with the possibility of quantitative determination of the virus. It is the most informative in diagnosing this disease.
- Virological method (cultural). It is possible only with a bright clinical picture. The virus is grown in tissue culture, after which its properties are studied under a microscope.
Deciphering an enzyme immunoassay for herpes simplex virus type 2 - table
| Study | Result | Interpretation of indicators |
| IgM | Not found |
|
| IgG | Not found | |
| IgM | Not found |
|
| IgG | Discovered | |
| IgM | Discovered |
|
| IgG | Not found | |
| IgM | Discovered |
|
| IgG | Discovered |
How to treat genital herpes in men and women: is it possible to get rid of the problem completely?
Genital herpes is treated by dermatovenereologists. For the first time, the symptoms of the disease can be detected at the appointment with a gynecologist or urologist.
As already mentioned, if a person has ever had a herpes infection, the virus remains in the body for life. Therefore, therapy is not aimed at destroying it completely (it is simply impossible to do this). The main objective of treatment is to relieve symptoms and alleviate the patient's condition.
Antibiotics for genital herpes are not prescribed, as they do not act on viruses.
During exacerbation and treatment, sex should be abandoned. In remission, it is possible, but with protective equipment (condom).
Antiviral tablets and ointments: how long does therapy last?
The mainstay of treatment for genital herpes infection are antiviral drugs. They act directly on the causative agent of herpes. The earlier treatment is started, the more effective it will be.
The effectiveness of antiviral agents is about 80-90%.
The most commonly used drug is Acyclovir (analogues of Zovirax, Valtrex, Gerperax, Virolex). Treatment should be started as soon as the slightest symptoms appear. The drug is used simultaneously externally (cream or ointment) and internally (tablet form or solution for intravenous administration). As a rule, the duration of therapy does not exceed ten days.
If treatment is started late or the case is neglected, then the drug is continued until recovery (disappearance of symptoms). With a relapsing course, in some cases, antiviral agents are prescribed for life.
In case of severe side effects (dyspepsia, diarrhea, itching, headache, etc.), it is necessary to consult a specialist, he will adjust the dosage of the drug or replace it with another one.
With the ineffectiveness of acyclovir drugs, famciclovir drugs (Famciclovir, Famfir and others) are prescribed. They are fairly well tolerated and rarely cause side effects. The treatment regimen is similar to Acyclovir therapy.
Antiviral drugs: Acyclovir, Valtrex, Zovirax and others - gallery
Acyclovir is the drug of choice in the treatment of genital herpes 
Zovirax is a complete analogue of Acyclovir 
Valtrex is an analogue of Acyclovir. Second generation drug 
Famvir is used when acyclovir is ineffective or intolerant
Immunostimulating agents
It is known that one of the main reasons for the appearance of genital herpes infection is again considered to be a decrease in overall defenses. Therefore, interferon preparations are prescribed, which increase and strengthen the immune system. They help the body cope with infection, have immunostimulating and direct antiviral properties. They can be administered both internally and locally.
These drugs are quite successfully used in the treatment of herpes in combination with antiviral drugs, thereby causing a "double blow" to the virus.
Such means include rectal suppositories Viferon, tablet forms Amiksin, Cycloferon and others. The occurrence of side effects is minimized.
Immunostimulating drugs: Viferon, Amiksin and others - photo gallery
Oxolin and Viferon in the form of an ointment have a good local effect 
Viferon is most often used in the complex treatment of herpes infection. 
Amiksin - a powerful immunomodulator with antiviral action 
Cycloferon restores immunity well, protecting against viral infection
What symptomatic agents are used?
To reduce pain and relieve inflammation, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as Ibuprofen, Paracetamol, Nise are prescribed. Against itching, as well as to reduce the risk of allergic reactions to medications taken, antihistamines are prescribed, representatives of which are Zirtek, Feksadin, Suprastin and others.
Symptomatic remedies - photo gallery
Ibuprofen relieves pain 
Paracetamol lowers fever and relieves pain 
Zyrtec prevents the development of allergic reactions
Supportive care
As mentioned above, antiviral agents can be taken for life. Basically, such treatment is necessary for severe relapsing course of the disease, when the frequency of exacerbations of the infection exceeds five times a year. Drugs are prescribed during periods of remission in minimal doses so that the virus cannot become active. For the effectiveness of such treatment, they are combined with interferon agents or alternated with other antiviral drugs in order to avoid the development of resistance of the herpes virus to these drugs.
Important in maintenance therapy is:
- compliance with hygiene rules;
- fortified, nutritious food;
- healthy lifestyle.
Physiotherapy treatments
Physiotherapy has a good therapeutic effect at the onset of the disease. It well eliminates the external manifestations of the infection and such unpleasant symptoms as pain, burning and discomfort.
Physiotherapy is used only in combination with the main treatment!
Widely used UHF-therapy, infrared and laser irradiation of the affected areas of the mucous membranes and skin. Sometimes at an early stage (in the absence of bubbles with liquid) it is possible to stop the process.
Traditional medicine and homeopathy: is it possible to cure herpes with such remedies?
The effectiveness of homeopathic and folk remedies in the treatment of herpes infection has not been proven. Nevertheless, these methods are used, but only in combination with the main therapy, since they in no way affect the cause of the disease (herpes simplex virus type 2). They can only mitigate the manifestations of herpes, have a general strengthening effect, but nothing more. Before use, you should consult with your doctor in order to avoid unpleasant consequences.
Widely used:
- Eleutherococcus. It improves tone, improves the functioning of the nervous system, strengthens the immune system, and has anti-inflammatory properties. Use extract and tincture, which are sold in pharmacies. They are taken 2-3 times a day, 1 teaspoon before meals.
- Aloe. It has bactericidal (which is good for the prevention of bacterial infection), anti-inflammatory and regenerating properties. The leaves of the plant are washed well with boiled (cold) water, cut in half (along the leaf) and applied to the affected areas of the skin and mucous membranes. Change the sheet to a new one every 4 hours until the symptoms disappear completely. It has an astringent and emollient effect, relieving discomfort in the genital area.
- Mumiyo. Its powder is sold in every pharmacy. It has antibacterial, antiviral, analgesic and regenerating properties. It is necessary to regularly powder the areas of mucous membranes and skin affected by herpes. A special effect is noted in the early stages of the manifestation of infection.
- Fir oil. Has antiviral properties. They lubricate herpetic eruptions 3 times a day.
- Chamomile. It has an analgesic, anti-inflammatory and regenerating effect. Two tablespoons of chopped chamomile are brewed with a glass of boiling water, insisted for an hour under the lid, and then applied to the affected areas of the skin and mucous membranes.
Scientists have studied in detail the use of folk methods in the treatment of the second type of herpes simplex virus, since many patients claimed that the use of various biologically active additives, infusions and herbal extracts helped alleviate the unpleasant symptoms of the disease. As a result of research, it was proved that some methods are really effective, while others were completely useless.
The experiment with echinacea tincture and the so-called pacifier (placebo) is very indicative. Many believe that echinacea extracts and tinctures increase the body's immune forces and help them fight the herpes virus, reducing the frequency of relapses and the severity of the disease. Scientists from the UK "treated" those who fell ill with echinacea for six months, and for the next six months they gave them a "dummy" to drink. No difference was found in the results of using the funds.
In addition to echinacea, which is considered a panacea for almost all diseases associated with a decrease in immunity, the effect of propolis ointment, which is used to heal herpetic sores, has been studied. In subjects using a propolis-based remedy, they healed much faster than those who used antiviral ointments.
Traditional medicine for home treatment - photo gallery
Mumiyo has an antiviral effect
Fir oil has a softening and antiviral effect 
Chamomile relieves pain and promotes healing of affected areas Possible consequences and complications
In general, the prognosis for genital herpes is favorable. But if treatment is neglected, complications may arise in the form of a bacterial infection, a violation of the microflora of the genital organs (thrush).
Women develop chronic dryness of the mucous membranes of the vagina, non-healing cracks appear, which causes pain and discomfort.
Men experience the following complications:
- herpetic cystitis (accompanied by inguinal pains of a spastic nature, burning and pain at the beginning and at the end of urination);
- herpetic proctitis (accompanied by false urge to defecate with constipation, burning sensations in the rectum);
- herpetic prostatitis (accompanied by burning and cutting at the beginning of urination, difficulty urinating and defecation).
Herpes also leads to:
- depletion of the body's immune system, resulting in a tendency to colds, which very often become chronic;
- the formation of genital warts in the presence of the human papillomavirus (in combination with herpes, it can cause the development of cancer);
- chronic pain in the inguinal, rectal and perineal areas;
- spread of infection to other organs.
Prevention of an infectious disease
There are two types of prevention of the herpes virus of the second type:
- specific prophylaxis. It consists in the introduction of a vaccine that protects against infection. It is advisable to vaccinate people who are promiscuous or have several sexual partners. But the vaccine does not give a 100% guarantee of protection against the virus.
- nonspecific prophylaxis. It consists in excluding casual sexual contacts, observing the rules of general and personal hygiene, increasing immunity through a healthy lifestyle and rational nutrition.
Genital herpes is a serious problem for the sick person, and also poses a real threat to the people around him. In no case should the disease be left to chance, since there is a high risk of developing serious complications that drastically reduce the patient's quality of life. At the slightest suspicion of a viral infection, you should contact a specialist for help. And in order to protect yourself from infection, you must follow all preventive measures.
- not only one of the most common venereal diseases in the world, but also one of the most "stubborn": it cannot be cured, but you can learn to control it. It is caused by herpes simplex viruses type I (HSV I) and type II (HSV II). The most common manifestation of the first type of virus is a sore on the lip that is familiar to many, less often rashes appear on the face or torso. Type 2 virus usually affects the groin, genitals, and pelvic organs. However, genital herpes in men and women can be caused by its first subspecies, and the second, and sometimes by a combination of them.
Some people believe that genital herpes is not as dangerous for men as it is for women, but this is not entirely true. In both women and men, it can provoke inflammatory diseases of the internal organs and even cause infertility. The most unpleasant "male" complications of herpes are prostatitis and urethritis with ulceration of the mucous membrane of the urethra. Diagnosing and treating them is quite difficult, since in most cases they are caused by bacteria, and the doctor may not immediately suspect another cause and refer for additional tests.
At-risk groups
Like most viruses, HSV lives outside the human body for no more than an hour - it dies from high or low temperatures or from direct sunlight. But herpes is one of the so-called highly contagious infections, that is, it is very easy to get infected with it. It is transmitted from person to person through direct contact or through things that the patient used. It is impossible to get infected by airborne droplets!
The easiest way to catch an infection is during unprotected intercourse, oral sex, or kissing. Less commonly, a person infected with the type 1 virus transfers it to their genitals if they touch them after touching an itchy "lip sore". Men infect themselves in this way more often than women.
The second way is infection through hygiene items: towels, clothes, bedding, dishes and cutlery. It is believed that from 80 to 90% of people carry a dormant virus, but a person becomes contagious only during an exacerbation, especially at the stage of ulcers. Unfortunately, the representatives of the stronger sex do not always notice unpleasant symptoms in time and become a source of infection for their family and loved ones.
But if almost all of us are carriers of the herpes simplex virus, why do some people get sick and some don't? The main causes of vulnerability to viruses are a decrease in immunity. Low immunity occurs in older people, so two-thirds of men over 50 suffer from herpes or its complications, and it is much more difficult for them than for young people. The risk increases:
- in the presence of chronic diseases;
- in the treatment of hormonal preparations with corticosteroids, which are used for rheumatism, rheumatoid arthritis, asthma; pancreatitis, viral hepatitis and other diseases;
- with lifelong use of drugs to suppress the immune system after organ transplant;
- during chemotherapy in oncology.
The body of healthy men resists infections worse during hypothermia, stress, and overwork. Smoking and alcohol abuse do not benefit the immune system. Men 20-29 and 35-40 years old who are promiscuous and practice sex without a condom are at risk of getting sick or re-infected. Homosexuals are a special risk group. Almost half of them are infected with the herpes virus!
Symptoms
In men, genital herpes often begins suddenly, and its first signs are similar to the flu: a headache, aching muscles and aches in the lower back, sometimes a fever. These symptoms are more or less inherent in any viral infection, but with herpes, itching in the groin, slight tingling, burning or pain in the perineum and scrotum are also disturbing, and after sleep or prolonged sedentary work, the pelvic area becomes numb. Another clue is an increase and sometimes soreness of the inguinal lymph nodes.
Such vivid symptoms are rare, and some men go to the doctor only after noticing redness and itchy swelling on the mucous membrane of the genitals or on the skin. After a few hours or the next day, small transparent vesicles appear at the site of redness and swelling - vesicles. They look exactly like "colds on the lips."
As a rule, the rash appears:
- on the foreskin, glans penis;
- on the inner surface of the thighs, in the groin, on the skin of the scrotum;
- on the pubis;
- if the infection occurred during anal sex - on the buttocks, in the anus, on the sacrum;
- in severe cases - in the urethra (urethra).
After 5-7 days, the vesicles burst almost simultaneously, and within a few hours the surface of the mucous or skin is covered with small, painful, weeping sores with a yellowish-white coating. If they are not combed, after a while they become covered with a crust. Even without treatment, after 1-2 weeks, the crust will peel off, and there will be normal healthy skin under it. But this does not mean that the disease is gone!
Complications
Doctors distinguish between two types of genital herpes: primary and recurrent, that is, recurring. Primary occurs about a week after infection, and if the treatment was correct, the disease subsides for a long time and does not give complications. But as soon as the immune system weakens, herpes will return.
One of the main features of recurrent herpes is that each time the rash appears in the same places where they appeared for the first time. The second feature is the dim symptoms of the disease, even in those people whose primary manifestation was quite difficult. It is possible that several bubbles will appear on the skin or mucous membrane, but the redness is almost not noticeable and itching is almost not felt. It may also be that the itching and redness will disappear after a while, and the bubbles will not appear.
These symptoms do not cause much trouble, so not all men pay attention to them in time. There is also the so-called asymptomatic form of recurrent herpes, in which a person remains a carrier of the virus, but does not know about it and can infect other people. Also, just because a disease doesn't cause symptoms doesn't mean viruses aren't doing their devastating job!
The most dangerous complications of genital herpes in men are:
- herpetic prostatitis, difficult to treat;
- herpetic cystitis or urethritis (inflammation of the urethra);
- inflammation in the anus and rectum.
It is with a herpetic lesion that non-healing cracks in the anus are often associated, which from time to time become aggravated against the background of herpes. In some men, hemorrhoids become irritated, inflamed and bleed, itching and pain occur in the sphincter area. It is impossible to deal with these problems if the cause is not determined -.
Diagnosis and treatment
It is not difficult to determine the primary infection with genital herpes, since most people come to the appointment when a rash or erosion appears. The doctor will examine the external genitalia, anus, buttocks and thighs, and if necessary, take a swab from the urethra or anus. However, if the symptoms are not obvious, he will recommend special tests for the genital herpes virus.
Usually this is an ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) or PCR - polymerase chain reaction. In this case, liquid from the papules is taken for analysis. This study helps not only to establish the presence, but also the specific type of virus that caused it, which means prescribing the appropriate treatment. Less commonly used is the cultural method - sowing, for which various biological fluids are used: samples of semen, prostate juice and urine.
It is impossible to completely get rid of genital herpes, so its treatment is reduced to alleviate the patient's condition and prevent relapses. To soothe itching and inflammation, painkillers ointments and creams are used, with general malaise - antipyretic drugs. Specific treatment includes antiviral drugs that suppress HSV and prevent it from multiplying. The most effective of them are:
- Acyclovir (Zovirax®);
- Penciclovir (Denavir®);
- Valaciclovir (Valtrex®);
- Famaciclovir (Famvir®).
They should be started to be applied when the first familiar signs appear, without waiting until rashes appear. It is possible that redness and itching will disappear, and papules will not appear, and the exacerbation will end. If relapses occur more than once every six months, the patient may be prescribed long-term antiviral therapy that lasts several months. In severe cases, antiviral drugs in prophylactic doses are prescribed for life, regardless of whether a relapse has begun. This approach keeps the virus under control and reduces the risk of infection to other people.
Genital herpes is an infectious disease caused by viruses of the simple herpes 1 or 2 types and manifested by multiple bubble rashes in the genital area. It is because of the localization of the lesion in the genital area that genital herpes is also called sexual or genital herpes.
Despite the high prevalence of this infection (according to the World Health Organization, about 90% of the world's population is infected), genital herpes is a fairly safe disease, in the vast majority of cases it does not cause serious complications. However, during the period of active flow, genital herpes significantly reduces the quality of life and creates inconvenience for a person.
Genital herpes is transmitted from an infected person to a healthy person through any type of sexual contact - vaginal, oral and anal. Moreover, a person can be a source of infection, even if he does not have any manifestations of the disease. In addition, in rare cases, a baby can become infected with genital herpes during childbirth, if the mother had an active infection at that moment.
General characteristics of the disease
Genital herpes belongs to the group of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Moreover, genital herpes is the most common infection of this group in the adult population in all countries of the world. According to various estimates, from 60 to 90% of the adult population in various countries is currently infected with genital herpes. Such a spread of genital herpes is due to the peculiarities of its transmission and the course of the disease.The fact is that the infection is sexually transmitted, but not life-threatening, and once having had genital herpes, a person becomes a life-long carrier of the herpes virus. Occasionally, in an infected person, the herpes virus is activated and secreted into the secretion of the genital organs, and most often this occurs without any accompanying clinical manifestations. Accordingly, a person does not know that the genital herpes virus is present in the secretions of his genital organs and leads his usual sex life. As a result, during sexual intercourse, the virus is transmitted to a partner. Moreover, the transmission of the genital herpes virus occurs with any type of sexual contact - vaginal, oral and anal. Thus, many carriers of the genital herpes virus periodically turn out to be a source of infection for other people, without even knowing it. Accordingly, the spread of infection occurs very quickly and on a large scale. But, due to the non-danger of genital herpes for life, they are not actively involved in the detection of infection.
Genital herpes is caused herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 or 2. HSV-1 is the cause of genital herpes in 20% of cases, and HSV-2, respectively, in 80%. At the same time, type 2 virus is traditionally considered a "true" provocateur of genital herpes, since type 1 herpes virus is the cause of herpetic eruptions on the lips and face. However, during oral sexual intercourse, a person infected with the herpes simplex virus type 1 can pass it on to a partner in whom the pathogenic microbe will provoke genital herpes, since it was, figuratively speaking, "transferred" to the genitals. In principle, the type of HSV that caused genital herpes is completely unimportant, since the infection proceeds and is treated in exactly the same way. The only category of people for whom it is important to know the type of HSV virus that caused genital herpes is pregnant women, because based on this information they will be able to guess when and how the infection occurred.
The virus that causes genital herpes enters the human body through intact mucous membranes and damaged areas of the skin during sexual intercourse. Therefore, the only effective way to prevent infection with genital herpes is to use a male condom for any type of sexual intercourse (vaginal, oral and anal). In addition, in rare cases, genital herpes can be transmitted from mother to newborn or fetus if a woman first became infected during pregnancy.
The herpes virus after entering the body does not always cause an active course of infection, at least in half of the cases a person does not get sick at all, but becomes only a latent carrier. Such latent carriage does not harm a person and does not reduce his quality of life, however, occasionally leads to the release of the virus into the secrets of the genital organs, as a result of which it can become a source of infection for other people without knowing it.
But still, in half of the cases, after the virus enters the body, a person develops symptoms of genital herpes, and the infection is active. In such situations, a person is concerned about multiple small blisters on the skin in the genital area, as well as on the mucous membranes of the genitourinary tract (urethra, vagina, etc.), which are very itchy and very painful. After some time, the blisters pass, and the infection passes into a latent carriage, in which the virus is also occasionally secreted into the secretion of the genital organs without any symptoms and can infect other people during sexual intercourse without using a condom.
With latent carriage, regardless of whether there were active manifestations of genital herpes during the initial infection, any infected person can develop so-called relapses. During the period of recurrence, genital herpes is manifested by clinical symptoms, that is, a person develops itchy, painful, fluid-filled blisters on the skin or mucous membranes of the genital organs. Such relapses usually go away on their own, and the person again becomes only a latent carrier of the infection. Relapses of genital herpes are usually caused by a sharp decrease in immunity, for example, during stress, after overwork, a serious illness, etc.
The peculiarity of herpes simplex viruses of types 1 and 2 is that, once they enter the human body, they remain in the tissues for life, never completely being removed. This is what causes asymptomatic lifelong virus carrying and episodic recurrences of genital herpes. Once in the body through the mucous membranes, the herpes simplex virus with the flow of blood and lymph penetrates into the nerve nodes, in which it remains in a latent inactive state throughout the subsequent life of a person. And in the event of situations that cause a decrease in immunity (stress, hormonal imbalance, the effect of radiation, strong ultraviolet radiation, etc.), the virus is activated, exits the nerve nodes, penetrates the skin and mucous membranes of the genital organs and causes a recurrence of the infection.
Attempts to completely remove the herpes simplex virus from the body are useless, so they should not be attempted. This means that in the absence of recurrences of genital herpes, asymptomatic virus carriers do not need to be treated. Moreover, you should not be afraid of such a virus carrier either, since it is not dangerous for human life.
Treatment of genital herpes is performed only in the presence of an active course of infection, that is, with rashes on the skin and mucous membranes of the genital organs. Usually, treatment is aimed at eliminating painful symptoms - pain and itching, as well as the speedy transfer of the virus to a latent, inactive state in which it will not bother a person.
Genital herpes - causes
The cause of genital herpes is the herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 or type 2. Moreover, in 20% of cases, genital herpes is provoked by HSV type 1, and in the remaining 80% - HSV type 2. It should be noted that the herpes simplex virus is typical for the genital organs type 2, and therefore most of the infections are provoked by it. And HSV type 1 is usually localized in the mucous membranes and skin of the face, and it is he who provokes the widespread and almost universally known "herpes" on the lips. But if HSV type 1 gets on the mucous membranes or skin of the genital organs, then it will provoke not labial (labial), but genital herpes. This usually occurs during oral sex, when HSV type 1 is transmitted from a partner suffering from labial herpes.It is also necessary to know that infection of the genital tract with HSV type 1 often causes an active course of infection. And when infected with HSV type 2, genital herpes in a large number of cases does not develop, and the virus immediately goes into a latent state. But, as a rule, after the end of the active phase of genital herpes, provoked by type 1 HSV, the virus goes into a latent state for a long time, and a person very rarely suffers from a relapse of the infection. If HSV type 2 infection has occurred, then a person is much more likely to develop relapses of genital herpes, even if after the initial infection, clinical symptoms did not appear, and the virus immediately went into an inactive state. That is why, in order to predict relapses, it is important to know the type of herpes virus with which this particular person is infected.
Infection with genital herpes
Infection with genital herpes can occur in two ways: - sexual way;
- Vertical path (through the placenta from mother to fetus or during the passage of the baby through the birth canal).
However, if a person has herpetic sores, but the condom does not completely cover them, then during sexual intercourse the likelihood of transmitting the virus is also very high. That is why it is recommended to refrain from sexual activity during the period of the appearance of herpetic eruptions on the genitals until their complete disappearance.
The entrance gate of infection is an intact mucous membrane or damaged skin in the genital area, groin, anus and oral cavity. That is, the virus, getting on the mucous membranes of the vagina, rectum or oral cavity, along with the secretions of the genital organs, quickly invades the cells, as a result of which infection occurs.
A person becomes a source of infection for other people a few days after being infected himself. This infectious period lasts 10-14 days. If a person periodically has herpetic eruptions in the genital area, then he becomes contagious to others immediately after the formation of bubbles and remains so for 8 to 9 days. After 8 - 9 days, even if the rash has not yet passed, the person ceases to be a source of infection for others.
In addition, against the background of asymptomatic carriage, periodically, throughout life, the virus is released into the secrets of the genital organs for 1 to 2 days, which are not accompanied by any clinical manifestations. During these periods, a person also becomes contagious to sexual partners. Unfortunately, it is impossible to identify such periods, since they do not differ in any symptomatology.
Infection with genital herpes of the fetus during pregnancy or infant during childbirth(when passing through the birth canal) is very rare. As a rule, intrauterine infection of the fetus occurs only in cases where a woman is first infected with herpes during pregnancy. If, before the onset of pregnancy, a woman was already infected with genital herpes, then the infection is transmitted to the fetus in exceptionally rare cases, even if the expectant mother periodically develops exacerbations of genital herpes during childbearing. Indeed, during exacerbations of genital herpes, the virus is effectively destroyed by the woman's immune system, and therefore does not penetrate the placenta to the fetus.
Infection with herpes of the baby during childbirth occurs only in two cases. Firstly, if the infection of the woman herself occurred for the first time in her life during the last 2 to 3 weeks of pregnancy. Secondly, if at the time of childbirth a woman had herpetic eruptions on her genitals, that is, there was a recurrence of the infection.
Genital herpes: causative virus, types, routes of transmission, virus carriers, risk groups, incubation period - video
Analysis for genital herpes
Currently, to clarify the type of virus that caused genital herpes, as well as to identify the form of the infection, the following types of tests are performed: - Sowing a smear from rashes on a culture;
- Determination of the presence of antibodies to the herpes virus type 1 or 2 (IgM, IgG);
- Determination of the presence of active viral particles in the blood by PCR.
Determination of antibodies to the herpes virus in the blood or genital secretions is a common analysis and allows you to establish whether the infection has occurred long ago or recently. Also, the determination of antibodies allows you to determine whether a person is infected in principle with the herpes simplex virus. Accordingly, for this analysis, you need to donate blood from a vein or genital discharge (the sampling is usually performed by medical personnel).
Typically, these tests are used in preparation for pregnancy, because the doctor needs to know if a woman has antibodies to the herpes virus in her blood. After all, if there are antibodies, then the woman is already “familiar” with the virus and, therefore, during the entire pregnancy she may not be afraid of infection and recurrence of genital herpes, since her own, already formed immunity will reliably protect the fetus from infection. If there are no antibodies in the woman’s blood, then throughout the pregnancy she will have to be careful not to become infected with the virus, since primary infection during childbearing can lead to infection and serious complications, up to the death of the fetus.
Currently, the presence of two types of antibodies in the blood is determined - IgM and IgG. At the same time, for each type of herpes simplex virus, antibodies of both types are determined separately, that is, there are antibodies of the IgM type for HSV-1 and IgM for HSV-2, as well as IgG for HSV-1 and IgG for HSV-2. Accordingly, if antibodies to a certain type of virus are detected, then the person is infected with it. If there are antibodies to both types of the virus, then this means that he is infected with both.
If only IgG is detected in the blood or genital secretions, this means that infection with the herpes virus occurred a long time ago (more than 1 month ago), and the person is reliably protected from re-infection. Women who have IgG against the herpes virus in their blood and genital secretions can safely plan a pregnancy, since the infection occurred a long time ago, and their immune system will not allow the virus to cross the placenta and infect the fetus.
If there are antibodies of the IgM or IgM + IgG type in the blood or genital secretions, this means that the infection with the virus occurred no more than 1 month ago. In this case, the body is actively developing immunity against infection. At the same time, nothing threatens an adult, but women planning a pregnancy are advised to postpone it for 1 month so that the immune system is fully formed and reliably protects the unborn baby from infection with the herpes virus.
However, it should be remembered that the detection of antibodies to the herpes virus is not a very accurate analysis.
Detection of viral particles in the blood, genital secretions or fluid from rashes by the method PCR is a fairly accurate method, which, however, has limited information content. The fact is that this method allows you to accurately determine the type of virus that causes genital herpes. PCR does not provide information on the stage or activity of the infectious process, as well as on the risk of recurrence. Moreover, if a person has a positive PCR test for the herpes virus, but there are no clinical manifestations, then this is the norm and does not require treatment, since it only indicates asymptomatic carriage, which is present in more than 80% of people. If the herpes virus is detected by PCR in a pregnant woman who was already infected before conception, then this is also the norm for her and no treatment is needed in the absence of rashes on the genitals. If a pregnant woman was not infected with the herpes virus before conception, and at some point in the gestation of the fetus, viral particles were detected by PCR, then this is an alarming signal, since in this case she should receive antiviral treatment that will prevent infection of the child.
Genital herpes - symptoms
General symptoms
According to various statistics, infection with the herpes virus does not cause the development of genital herpes infection in 75 - 80% of cases, but simply passes into an asymptomatic carriage. In the remaining 20-25% of cases, the virus that has entered the human body causes the development of genital herpes. The incubation period (the time from the entry of the virus into the body until the onset of symptoms of the disease) is usually 4 days, but can last 1 to 26 days. In addition, in rare cases, genital herpes can lead to difficulty urinating, decreased sensitivity, and severe pain on the skin of the genitals. In very rare cases, a herpes infection can lead to destruction of the brain, lungs, liver, or joints, and cause bleeding disorders that often lead to death.
Signs of the development of complications of genital herpes, with the appearance of which you should immediately consult a doctor, are:
- Strong headache ;
- Tension of the occipital muscles, as a result of which it is painful and difficult to press the chin to the chest;
- severe weakness;
- High body temperature;
- Sensation of strange, non-existent in reality smells and tastes;
- Loss of the ability to smell;
- Weakness of the muscles of the arm and leg on one side;
- restlessness and confusion;
Genital herpes: symptoms in men and women, where does herpes occur - video
Relapse (exacerbation of genital herpes)
Relapses of genital herpes can develop episodically in a person throughout life if he is infected with PVH-1 or HSV-2. The theoretical probability of recurrence is due to the lifelong presence of the virus in the body and its periodic activation when favorable conditions occur. That is, the herpes simplex virus is normally in the body in a dormant state, which is supported by the human immune system, as if suppressing the activity of a pathogenic microorganism. But if the immune system for some reason weakens and ceases to effectively suppress the herpes simplex virus, then it will activate and provoke a recurrence of genital herpes.As a rule, the activation of the herpes virus in the body occurs during periods of weakened immunity, which are provoked by stress, hypothermia, hormonal disruptions or rearrangements, overwork, severe illness, etc. This means that when any event occurs that negatively affects immune system, significantly increases the risk of recurrence of genital herpes in a person who is a carrier of the virus.
Relapses of genital herpes usually present with the same symptoms as the initial episode of infection. That is, a person develops characteristic multiple, small, itchy, painful, fluid-filled blisters on the skin of the genital organs. If the bubbles, in addition to the skin, are also present on the mucous membrane of the urethra, then the person suffers from pain when urinating. If there are bubbles in the vagina in women, then they may have abundant, mucous, whitish discharge. Additionally, a recurrence of herpes may be accompanied by symptoms of general distress, such as:
- Enlarged inguinal lymph nodes;
- Increase in body temperature;
- General weakness.
In addition to the typical form described, recurrence of herpes can take place in the so-called atypical form most characteristic of women. The atypical form of herpes recurrence is characterized by the appearance of only one stage of vesicles. That is, a person may experience redness and itching of the genitals, but the bubbles will not form. Or bubbles will form, but quickly collapse and dry without crusting, etc.
Relapses of genital herpes develop more often, the closer the current moment is to the time of infection. That is, people who have recently become infected with genital herpes may experience recurrences of the infection more often compared to those infected several years ago. The more time has passed since infection with genital herpes, the less often a person has relapses. It should also be noted that relapses are milder than the initial episode.
Chronic genital herpes
The diagnosis of "chronic genital herpes" is made to people who suffer from recurrences of infection at least 3 to 4 times a year. If relapses of genital herpes occur less than 3 times a year, then we are talking about episodic exacerbations, but not about a chronic process.In chronic genital herpes, periods of remission, when a person is not bothered by symptoms of infection, alternate with relapses. During relapses, a person develops characteristic rashes on the genitals and the whole complex of accompanying symptoms. Chronic genital herpes usually develops in people whose immune system, for one reason or another, is unable to keep the virus in an inactive state for a long time. As a rule, this is typical for people suffering from severe chronic diseases, under the influence of progressive constant stress, malnourished, etc.
Depending on the number of recurrences of genital herpes during the year, the following degrees of severity of the chronic process are distinguished:
- Mild severity of chronic genital herpes- relapses develop 3-4 times a year with periods of remission not shorter than 4 months;
- Moderate severity- relapses develop 4 - 6 times a year with periods of remission not shorter than 2 - 3 months;
- Severe degree- relapses develop monthly with periods of remission from a few days to 6 weeks.
Genital herpes during pregnancy
The problem of genital herpes is often faced by women who are just planning a pregnancy and undergoing an examination, during which they reveal the presence of certain infections that can potentially be dangerous to the fetus. In addition, another category of those who face the problem of genital herpes are already pregnant women who first have symptoms of the infection or have developed a relapse. Consider the problem of genital herpes for each category of women separately, so as not to confuse the various aspects of the issue. At the planning stage of pregnancy many women in the blood find "traces" or the herpes virus itself in the blood. Traces of the herpes virus are detected when analyzing for the presence of antibodies (IgM and IgG), and the virus itself is detected by PCR. In connection with the discovery of the virus or its traces, many women are frightened and postpone pregnancy planningbecause they believe that this may pose a danger to the fetus. However, such an opinion is incorrect and the fears associated with it are completely unfounded.
The fact is that the presence of a virus or its traces in the blood is not only not a threat to pregnancy, but on the contrary, it indicates a low risk of infection of the fetus with a herpes infection. After all, if a woman has become infected with the herpes virus even before pregnancy, then her immune system has already managed to develop antibodies to it and therefore reliably protects her and the fetus from attacks by the most pathogenic microorganism. That is why, in the presence of antibodies (traces) in the blood or the herpes virus itself, you can safely become pregnant and be calm, since the immune system is already in a state of "combat readiness", destroying viral particles when trying to penetrate the placenta to the developing fetus. Antibodies to the herpes virus circulating in the blood throughout her life protect the woman herself from the spread of infection to various organs, and during pregnancy - from the ingress of viral particles to the fetus.
But the absence of antibodies or the herpes virus itself in the blood of a woman before pregnancy is a signal of potential danger. The fact is that in such a situation, the woman's body is not yet familiar with the virus, and the immune system does not produce antibodies that destroy it and protect her and the unborn fetus. In this case, if a woman becomes infected herpes during pregnancy, then there will be a very high risk of infection of the fetus with sad consequences, since the virus can have time to penetrate the placenta, while the immune system has not yet had time to develop antibodies against it. Infection of the fetus with herpes can provoke its death or the development of various deformities. This means that a woman who does not have traces or the herpes virus itself in the blood must be very careful throughout pregnancy and take all preventive measures so as not to become infected.
Therefore, women who do not have traces of the herpes virus in their bodies or the virus itself are at greater hypothetical risk during pregnancy compared to those who have either traces or the virus itself in the blood. That is, women who have antibodies or the herpes virus itself in the blood can plan a pregnancy and not worry about the negative effect of the microorganism on the fetus. And women who do not have antibodies or the herpes virus in their blood must be careful throughout their pregnancy not to become infected.
The second category of those facing the problem of genital herpes is already pregnant women suffering from recurrent infections. Since immunity decreases during pregnancy, women may develop recurrences of genital herpes. However, if a woman was already infected with the herpes virus before pregnancy, then recurrence of the infection during gestation is not dangerous, since the antibodies in her blood reliably protect the child, preventing viral particles from passing through the placenta. That is, with the appearance of recurrences of genital herpes during pregnancy, you just need to carry out symptomatic treatment and not worry about the health and development of the fetus. Even if the recurrence of genital herpes occurred at the expected time of conception, this does not indicate any danger to the fetus, since the available antibodies reliably protect it from infection.
The only situation in which the risk of infection of the fetus against the background of a recurrence of genital herpes is high is childbirth a few days after the onset of the next exacerbation of the infection. That is, if a woman developed a recurrence of herpes and within a few days after that she gave birth to a child, then he could become infected when passing through the genital tract. In other cases, recurrences of genital herpes in a pregnant woman who was already infected with an infection before conceiving a child are not dangerous to the fetus.
The maximum danger of the herpes virus is, paradoxically, for those women who were not infected with it before pregnancy. That is, if infection with herpes first occurred during pregnancy, then this is very dangerous, since the risk of infection of the fetus is high. In this case, if the infection occurred in the first 13 weeks of pregnancy, the herpes virus can cause fetal death or malformations. If a woman first becomes infected with genital herpes in the second half of pregnancy, the virus can cause fetal growth retardation, premature birth and herpes infection in the newborn. Herpes in newborns is very dangerous, because in 60% of cases it leads to death.
Genital herpes in children
Genital herpes in children is much less common than in adults, because they have not yet had sexual intercourse. Unlike adults, genital herpes infection in children is usually caused by herpes simplex virus type 1, which usually causes rashes on the lips and face. Infection occurs, of course, not sexually, but by contact. Children, touching herpetic eruptions on the face with their hands, can transfer the virus to the genitals, where it penetrates the tissues and causes genital herpes. The course of infection in children is usually the same as in adults. But in some cases, rashes can be localized not only in the genital area, but also over the entire surface of the body. Genital herpes in children must be treated to prevent the spread of the virus and damage to internal organs.Genital herpes: diagnostic methods - video
Genital herpes in children and women during pregnancy (opinion of a dermatovenereologist): what is the danger of genital herpes at various stages of pregnancy, complications, treatment, risks of infection of the newborn - video
Genital herpes - treatment
Principles of therapy
The herpes virus cannot be completely removed from the body by currently available methods, therefore, once it enters it, the microorganism remains in the cells of the human body for life. In connection with this feature, the treatment of genital herpes is aimed at suppressing the activity of the virus and its "leaving" in a dormant state, in which a person does not develop periodic relapses. Treatment consists in the use of antiviral drugs inside and out. Outwardly, antiviral agents (ointments, gels, creams, etc.) are applied to the areas of rashes to accelerate their healing and relieve the pain and itching associated with them. Inside, antiviral drugs are taken to suppress the activity of the virus and ensure the maximum duration of the remission stage.If genital herpes is not chronic, and relapses occur no more than 3 times a year, then only external antiviral agents are recommended for the treatment of episodic rashes. If relapses bother 3-6 times a year, then it is recommended during exacerbations not only to treat rashes with external agents, but also to take antiviral drugs inside in short courses. In this case, drugs are taken orally only during relapses. With the development of relapses of herpes more than 6 times a year, long courses of antiviral drugs should be taken orally in order to achieve a stable transition of the virus to an inactive state. In this case, drugs are taken for a long time, regardless of the presence or absence of relapses.
- Acyclovir (Acyclostad, Acyclovir, Vivorax, Virolex, Gerperax, Herpetad, Zovirax, Provirsan);
- Valacyclovir (Valacyclovir, Valtrex, Vatsireks, Vairova, Virdel, Valvir, Valzikon, Valavir, Valogard, Valmik);
- Famciclovir (Minaker, Famvir, Famacivir, Famciclovir, Familar).
- Acyclovir - 200 mg 5 times a day for 5 days;
- Valaciclovir - 500 mg 2 times a day for 5 days;
- Famciclovir - 250 mg 3 times a day for 5 days.
Antiviral drugs for the treatment of frequently recurrent genital herpes (more often than 6 times a year) are taken for a long time, for several weeks in a row. At the same time, Acyclovir 200 mg 4 times a day is used, and Valaciclovir 500 mg 2 times a day. The duration of therapy is determined by the doctor.
External antiviral agents are used only during periods of exacerbation, applying them to the area of rashes. The most effective external agents containing the following antiviral active ingredients:
- Acyclovir (Acigerpin, Acyclovir, Acyclostad, Vivorax, Virolex, Gervirax, Gerperax, Herpetad, Zovirax);
- Penciclovir (Fenistil Pencivir).
In addition to antiviral ointments, herpetic eruptions can be treated externally with 4% Propolis ointment and gel with 0.5% Aloe Vera, which accelerate the healing of the vesicles.
Ointment for genital herpes
Currently, the following preparations are available on the pharmaceutical market in the form of ointments, creams or gels that effectively dry herpetic eruptions, relieve itching and pain and contribute to their speedy disappearance: - Acyclovir;
- Acigerpin;
- Acyclostad;
- Biopin;
- Vivorax;
- Virolex;
- Viru-Merz serol;
- Gervirax;
- Herpetad;
- Hyporamine;
- Zovirax;
- Lomagerpan;
- Tromantadine;
- Fenistil Pencivir;
- Khelepin D.
Genital herpes: duration of treatment with antiviral drugs, which antiviral drugs are the best in the treatment of genital herpes, the best ointments, interferon preparations (opinion of a dermatovenereologist) - video
Treatment of genital herpes (primary and recurrent, type 1 and 2 virus): antibiotics, immunomodulators for herpes on the lip and genital herpes, homeopathy, folk remedies (garlic, tea tree) - video
Infection prevention
Prevention of genital herpes consists of using condoms, limiting the number of partners, and not having sex with people who have suspicious rashes in the genital area.Types of genital herpes: symptoms and characteristics of acute and chronic, primary and recurrent genital herpes, complications (herpetic keratitis, etc.), prevention measures, herpes vaccination - video
Before use, you should consult with a specialist.Swelling, redness, itching, burning and rashes in the perineum, perianal area and genital mucosa are signs of a viral disease caused by the herpes virus of the second, less often of the first type. The clinical picture of herpetic eruptions on the genitals depends on the stage of its development and the form in which the disease proceeds.
Causes of genital herpes
Factors that provoke the development of herpes on the genitals:
- Excessive consumption of spicy, salty, fried, smoked foods.
- Abuse of alcoholic beverages.
- Conducting a promiscuous sexual life.
- Failure to comply with the basic rules of intimate hygiene.
- Wearing synthetic underwear.
- Women's use of synthetic-coated pads.
- Decreased immunity.
- Avitaminosis.
Quite often, genital herpes develops in expectant mothers. This is due to the fact that during pregnancy, the hormonal background of a woman changes, while reducing the resistance of her body to the vital activity of pathogenic bacteria.
How does genital herpes manifest in men and women
The clinical picture of the disease can be strikingly different in each individual case, it all depends on gender, the individual characteristics of the organism and the person's lifestyle.
Common signs of herpes in the groin in men and women are characterized by itching and burning in the genital area. Moreover, the process of development of the disease begins with the usual redness. If therapy is not started in time, small blisters appear, which tend to subsequently merge with each other, forming large groups of vesicles with a clear liquid inside, which is the main source of infection.
Stages and their symptoms
There are 4 main stages of genital herpes, each of which differs from the others in its symptoms and ways of manifestation.
- The initial stage or 1 stage of development. During this period, there is a slight reddening of the mucous membrane of the external genital organs. Soon there is itching, burning, discomfort. If urgent treatment is not started, the disease passes into the second stage.
- Second phase. It is characterized by the appearance of bubbles with a clear liquid inside. They cause itching and discomfort. It is not worth squeezing them out to avoid infection of other parts of the body.
- Third stage. At this time, the blisters begin to open spontaneously, releasing the infected contents. After that, ulcers form on the affected area of the skin, which do not heal for a long time, causing severe pain.
- Fourth or last step. The period of complete wound healing is a long process that can last from 2 weeks to 1.5 months (it all depends on the individual characteristics of the body and its ability to regenerate cells). At this time, a person needs to be extremely careful, since the risk of recurrence of the disease is especially high.
Genital herpes can be confused with diseases of both an infectious nature and non-infectious etiology:
- Behçet's syndrome;
- chancroid;
- syphilis.
Genital herpes in men (photo)
Clinical manifestations can be divided into 2 phases:
- primary disease. In the first case of the disease in a male, the main symptoms are redness of the external genital organs, their swelling, burning and pain, followed by a rash on the penis and foreskin.
- Relapse. With repeated manifestation, the symptoms of the disease are not so pronounced. The first signs are more like the flu - fever, weakness, malaise. After 1-2 days, blistering rashes appear.
What genital herpes looks like in men can be seen in the photo.
Genital herpes in women (photo)
In women, the disease is more acute, delivering a lot of discomfort and pain. Sometimes it is difficult for them to walk, sit, even do daily household chores. Against the background of painful sensations, the patient becomes more irritable and aggressive, signs of fatigue are noticeably manifested.
Primary genital herpes
The duration of incubation development leaves from 2 days to 2 weeks and is asymptomatic.
- In the prodromal period, general and local symptoms gradually increase - fever, malaise, chills, white discharge.
- With rashes, grouped vesicles 1-3 mm are formed, sometimes they spread to healthy areas.
- The period of reverse development and stabilization is characterized by turbidity of the bubbles and their opening, in place of which weeping erosions and ulcers 1 mm deep are formed.
- Healing period. Extinction of all signs and symptoms. Erosions are covered with a crust, which fall off and do not leave scars behind.
All stages of development last up to 1.5 months.
What genital herpes looks like in women can be seen in the photo.
recurrent
It proceeds both in a typical form - the formation of vesicles and erosions in the area of the external genitalia, and in an atypical form - swelling and enlargement of the vulva, itching of the mucosa. If a woman has previously received a herpes vaccine, some stages of the disease may be excluded, and papules may be present for about 3 days. Also, herpes in the intimate area can be limited to microsymptoms - itching and superficial cracks.
Symptoms of diseases that are accompanied in parallel:
- copious discharge;
- lumbosacral sciatica;
- chronic, burning pain in the vulva;
- condylomas of the vulva and vagina;
- hepatitis;
- urinary retention.
The atypical form of genital herpes is most characteristic of relapses, the chronic course of the disease.
What doctor treats?
If unpleasant symptoms appear on the male and female genital organs (rashes on the labia, pubis, anus, in the urethra, vagina), a specialist consultation is required.
An obstetrician-gynecologist examines women, and a urologist-andrologist will help men recognize the disease and prescribe treatment. You can also seek help from a dermatovenereologist or immunologist.
Herpes in the intimate area: photo
Bubbles with a transparent liquid - the second stage of development 
Penis affected by herpes virus 
Opening of the vesicles is the third stage in the development of genital herpes Diagnostics
To confirm or refute the diagnosis of "genital herpes", an anamnesis is collected and the affected areas are examined.
Men show their penis, testicles, anus and bare their head. Gynecological examination of the urethra and vagina in the female is carried out using a mirror.
For diagnosis use:
- Virological research. Determination of virus DNA by PCR analysis.
- Type-specific serological tests. Serological examination is based on the detection of glycoproteins IgG-1, IgG-2 specific for the herpes simplex virus. It is relevant for relapses and atypical forms of genital herpes, but at the same time received a negative PCR.
How to treat genital herpes in children and adults?
Treatment takes place in 2 stages:
- Identification of the cause.
- The appointment of antiviral drugs for external use, as well as drugs that stop other provoking factors that contribute to the progression of the disease (avitaminosis, food allergies, etc.).
Only in this case, the therapy will be effective, because herpes is a dangerous disease that can cause a number of complications leading to the development of serious sexual and genitourinary diseases (cervical and prostate cancer).
Genital herpes is treated with special ointments, in parallel with which antihistamines and vitamin preparations can be prescribed. In some cases, it is necessary to impose restrictions on certain foods that have become the root cause of the development of herpes infection in the human body.
Medical therapy
The most effective drugs to combat herpes viruses are antiviral ointments and tablets that have a high selective effect on herpes viruses with the active ingredient acyclovir, valaciclovir, famciclovir, penciclovir, allostatin:
- Atsik;
- Zovirax;
- Gerpevir;
- Fenistil Pencivir;
- Famvir;
- Valtrex;
Ointments penetrate deep into the underlying tissues, acting directly on the causative agent of the disease. Medicines in pill form fight the virus inside the body.
Ointments, gels and creams are applied in a thin layer 3-5 times a day, although the exact dosage and amount of application of the ointment to the affected areas of the genital organs can only be prescribed by the attending physician.
In more severe cases, the doctor may prescribe immunomodulators that help strengthen the immune system.
Treatment with folk remedies
Folk methods for the treatment of genital herpes are very popular. Often they are used to prevent further development of the disease (that is, at the initial stage), and show pretty good results.
The use of this remedy is advisable in case of primary symptoms of genital herpes (redness, itching, slight tingling and tingling).
Apply the paste exclusively on the skin. If signs of the disease were seen on the mucous membrane of the genital organs, then the use of this method of treatment is dangerous!
It is necessary to spread the toothpaste in a thin layer, then wait until it dries completely, and gently remove it with a cotton swab or cosmetic disc dipped in an antiseptic solution. Do the manipulation until the alarm signs disappear completely.
Cut a clove of garlic in half and rub the reddened skin in the intimate area until the primary symptoms disappear completely.
It cannot be used to treat herpes if it appears on the head of the penis in men and on the vaginal mucosa in women.
Decoction of tansy for oral administration
Tansy relieves inflammation, promotes healing and prevents the appearance of new rashes.
How to prepare a decoction:
- 2 tbsp. l. crushed dry plant pour 1 tbsp. boiling water;
- put on a small fire and boil for a quarter of an hour;
- after cooling, strain the resulting broth.
- take 3 times a day, 50 ml.
It is used to wipe the affected areas. It also works great in the first stage of the development of genital herpes.
Infusion of sweet clover
Good remedy for profuse herpetic eruptions.
Cooking method:
- 1 st. l. fresh grass (1.5 dried) pour 500 ml of boiling water;
- insist 2 hours;
- filter the cake;
- take three times a day, 50 ml.
Nutrition for genital herpes
Preference should be given to: seafood, dairy products, vegetables and herbs (onion, lemon, garlic, ginger, potatoes), meat, fish, eggs, soy and wheat foods, as well as seaweed.
Do not attempt to open the vesicles yourself. In some cases, it is indeed possible to achieve a speedy recovery, but this increases the risk of infection in other parts of the body.
If you nevertheless resorted to such a technique, then you must immediately apply cotton wool or a special sterile napkin moistened with alcohol or an alcohol tincture of medicinal plants (mint, chamomile, motherwort, hawthorn) to the wound, and carry out the procedure itself with gloves.
Possible consequences and complications
Common complications include:
- weakening of the immune system;
- susceptibility of the body to viruses, fungi, bacteria;
- dysfunction of the peripheral nervous system;
- bowel problems.
Genital herpes negatively affects the excretory system, negatively affects the reproductive function:
- For women. Damage to the uterus, appendages, bladder, intestines, purulent discharge with fever. Frequent relapses lead to cancer of the internal organs.
- For men. Damage to the urethra, head, foreskin of the penis, scrotum and inner thigh. There are problems with bowel movements, constipation.
- For pregnant. During pregnancy, primary herpes is especially dangerous for the fetus. This leads to termination of pregnancy and intrauterine infection of the unborn child with an infection, followed by damage to the internal organs and the central nervous system. In chronic forms, the mother develops immunity.
Prevention of genital herpes
To prevent this unpleasant phenomenon from becoming a constant companion of a person, it is necessary to carefully and responsibly approach the issue of its prevention. The disease is much easier to prevent than to cure, so take a few simple tips into service:
- Monitor the state of the immune system. If necessary, take a course of immunotherapy.
- Exclude from the diet (or reduce to a minimum) the use of spicy, salty, smoked, fried foods.
- Drink alcohol as little as possible (especially beer).
- Use gentle intimate hygiene products (special intimate gels and shampoos for genital care).
- Wear comfortable underwear made from natural fabrics.
- Female genital herpes can be caused by the use of synthetic-coated pads, so it is worth giving preference to intimate hygiene products made from natural ingredients.
- Treat beriberi and anemia in a timely manner, because they cause a decrease in immunity.
- Timely carry out the prevention of SARS and influenza. Do not allow a significant increase in body temperature in any disease.
The periods of exacerbation of the herpes virus are spring and autumn, so during these times of the year, try to take extra care of your health, because no one can do it better than you.
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