Test No. 2
On the topic “Political map of the world.”
Exercise:
1.Answer the test questions using paragraphs 19-22.
2.The work lasts 90 minutes.
3.Evaluation criteria: “excellent” - 54 – 45 points
“good” - 44 - 33 points
“satisfactory” - 32 - 20 points
Option 1
1. The main object of the political map of the world is:
1.The world's oceans; 2. Natural areas; 3.Climate; 4.States.
2. In the twentieth century, the number of countries and territories reached: 1,120; 2.230; 3.200; 4.320.
3. Politically independent states are called:
1.Colonies; 2.Sovereign; 3.Metropolises; 4. “Key” countries.
4. Arrange the following camps in descending order of area:
1.Canada; 2.Australia; 3. Russia; 4.China..
5. The following does not apply to microstates of Europe:
1.Vatican; 2.Monaco; 3.Brunei; 4.Portugal.
6.Indicate the correct option for ranking countries by population
1.China, India, USA; 2.India, Brazil, China; 3.China, USA, Indonesia.
7. Countries that do not have a coastal position:
1.China and Namibia; 2.Sweden and Chile;
3.Switzerland and Afghanistan; 4.Spain and Mauritania.
8.An archipelago country is:
1.Indonesia; 2.Japan; 3.Iceland; 4.Sri Lanka.
9. The country does not have a peninsular position:
1.France; 2.Italy; 3.Greece; 4.Norway.
10. Landlocked country of Foreign Europe:
1.Switzerland; 2.Germany; 3.Denmark; 4.Sweden;
11. An indicator characterizing the cost of all products produced in a given country for a year (in US dollars) is called: 1.WHO; 2.GDP; 3.ICT; 4.EU
12. The country not included in the G8 is:
1.USA; 2.Angola; 3.Japan; 4. Russia.
13. “Key countries” do not include:
1.India; 2.Brazil; 3.South Korea; 4.Mexico.
14. The following countries are not included in the NIS:
1.Singapore; 2.Taiwan; 3.Thailand; 4. Republic of Korea.
15. Oil exporting countries are located in the area:
1.Persian Gulf;2.Bay of Bengal; 3.Mediterranean Sea; 4. Arabian Sea.
16. Russia belongs to the countries:
1.“Key”; 2. NIS; 3.countries with economies in transition; 4.oil exporters.
17.What form of government provides for the transfer of power by inheritance:
1.Republic; 2. Monarchy; 3.Federation; 4. Unitary republic.
18.Which continent does not have a monarchy:
1.Eurasia: 2.Africa; 3.South America; 4.North America.
19.Which of the following countries is a constitutional monarchy:
1.Great Britain; 2.Vatican; 3.Finland; 4.Bangladesh.
20.Which country is an absolute monarchy:
1.Norway; 2.Belgium; 3.Saudi Arabia; 4.Hungary.
21. A theocratic monarchy is:
1.Monaco; 2.Romania; 3.Qatar; 4.Vatican.
22. In which part of the world did the largest number of new states appear at the end of the twentieth century:
1.In Africa; 2.In Asia; 3.In Europe; 4.In America.
23.Which state in the 20th century were the following countries part of: Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan?
1.USSR; 2. Russia; 3.USA; 4.CIS.
24. The form of administrative-territorial structure in which there are no self-governing state entities within the state is called:
1. Monarchy; 2.Federation; 3.Republic; 4.Unitary state.
25. A federal state is not:
1.France; 2.Belgium; 3. Russia; 4.USA.
26. NIS includes:
1.Serbia; 2. Russia; 3.Singapore; 4.China.
27. Establish a correspondence between the giant countries in terms of population and their capitals:
1.China; 2. USA; 3. India; 4.Indonesia.
1.Jakarta; 2. Washington; 3. Beijing; 4. Delhi.
28.Indicate the options in which the capital of the state is correctly indicated:
1.India - Bombay; 2.Great Britain - Manchester; 3. Italy – Rome; 4.Poland - Krakow.
29. Which of the following countries are developed states with a federal form of government?
1.Italy; 2.Germany; 3.UAE; 4.Belgium.
30.Which of the following countries are the least developed?
1.Egypt; 2.Indonesia; 3.UAE; 4.Chad.
31.More countries in the world include:
1. To developing ones; 2. Towards developed; 3.To countries with economies in transition; 4. To key countries.
32.Most monarchies are currently located:
1.In Africa; 2.In Europe; 3.In North America; 4.South America.
33.The countries that predominate by form of government are:
1. Monarchies; 2.Republics; 3.Federations; 4. Unitary.
34. Match:
1.Oil exporting countries 1.Brazil, India
2. New industrial 2. Iran, Algeria
3. Key states 3. Taiwan, Singapore
4.Countries included in the NATO bloc 4.USA, Canada
35.Economically developed countries include:
1.Japan, USA, Norway; 2.Spain, France, China; 3.Germany, Poland, Ukraine; 4.Finland, Czech Republic, Albania.
36. Most NIS are located:
1.In Europe; 2.In South-West Asia; 3.In Southeast Asia; 4.In Africa.
37.The group of least developed countries includes:
1.Chile, Argentina, Brazil; 2.Sudan, Bhutan, Afghanistan; 3.Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Kuwait; 4.Singapore, South Korea, China.
38.Choose the correct statement:
1. USA – republic, unitary state;
2. Italy – monarchy, unitary state;
3.India is a republic, a federal state
4.Saudi Arabia is an absolute monarchy.
39. Match:
1.Hungary; 2.Canada; 3.Germany; 4.Belarus.
1.Country within the CIS; 2. State within the Commonwealth; 3.The country is part of the G8; 4.A country with a “transition” economy.
40. Which of the following countries is both giant in area and population:
1.USA; 2 Australia.; 3.Indonesia; 4.Nigeria.
41.Which country does not have access to the World Ocean:
1.Canada; 2.Norway; 3.Korea; 4.Slovakia.
42.Select an island state:
1.Venezuela; 2.Australia; 3.Morocco; 4.Indonesia.
43.The northernmost country listed is:
1.Nigeria; 2.Chile; 3.Philippines; 4.Turkey.
44.One of the least developed countries in the world is:
1.Ethiopia; 2. Malaysia; 3. Iran; 4.Albania.
45. Identify a state whose territory is located in two parts of the world at once:
1.Egypt; 2.Panama; 3.China; 4.Brazil.
46.Indicate the correct statement:
1. There are more monarchies in the world than unitary states;
2. There are fewer unitary states than federations.
3. There are more federations in the world than republics.
4. There are more republics in the world than monarchies.
47. Select a federal state in Asia:
1.India; 2.Turkey; 3.Indonesia; 4.Saudi Arabia.
48.The capital of Denmark is:
1.Amsterdam; 2.Oslo; 3.Stockholm; 4. Copenhagen.
49.Find an error in the list of European unitary states:
1.France; 2.Switzerland; 3.Greece; 4.Denmark.
50. Identify the country that ranks one of the first countries in the world in terms of oil reserves:
1.England; 2.Iran; 3.Australia; 4.Brazil.
Key to test No. 2
answer | answer | answer | answer | answer |
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Goal: to form a concept about the objects of the political map of the world.
Tasks:
Introduce the concept of a political map of the world, objects of the political map of the world, independent states.
Develop skills in working with reference literature, the ability to isolate the main thing, and analyze.
Foster a culture of educational work.
Forms of work: frontal, individual, in pairs.
Methods:
Conversation
Explanatory and illustrative
Partial search
Teaching aids: scientific literature, multimedia presentation, Internet resources.
Org moment.
Entering the lesson.
Parable of the Pebbles
Three nomads were settling down for the night in the desert, when suddenly the sky lit up with a magical light, and the voice of God was heard:
Go to the desert. Collect as many pebbles and stones as you can. And tomorrow you will be raptured.
That's all. The light faded and there was complete silence. The nomads were furious.
What kind of God is this? - they said. – He invites us to collect garbage?! A real God would tell us how to eliminate poverty and suffering. He would give us the key to success and teach us how to prevent wars. He would reveal great secrets to us.
But still, the nomads went to the desert and collected several stones. Carelessly throwing them at the bottom of travel bags. And then we went to bed. In the morning they set off. Not immediately, one of them noticed something strange in his bag. He put his hand in there, and in his palm was - no, not a useless stone! - a magnificent diamond. The nomads began to take out other stones and discovered them. That they all turned into diamonds. They were delighted - until they realized how few stones they had collected the previous evening.
Introductory conversation.
Studying a new topic.
What is a political map of the world?
What objects do you think are depicted on the political map of the world? (states, territories, countries)
What states do you know?
Conclusion: A political map is a geographical map that shows states, their borders and capitals.The political map, like any other, shows states, their borders, administrative-territorial divisions, and largest cities. What is understood from all this is something much more - the patterns of distribution of forms of government in the countries of the world, relationships between states, territorial conflicts associated with the drawing of state borders.The political map of the world is in the process of constant changes occurring as a result of wars, treaties, the collapse and unification of states, the formation of new independent states, changes in forms of government, loss of statehood / political sovereignty /, changes in the area of states / countries / - territories and waters, their borders, replacement of capitals, changes in the names of states / countries / and their capitals, changes in forms of government, if they are shown on this map.
Acquaintance with the objects of the political map of the world. (slides)
Work on compiling a glossary. Students work in pairs using encyclopedic literature.
Glossary:
Independent states
Self-proclaimed territories
Colonies
Dominions
Protectorates
Mandatory territories
Associated States
Overseas territories
Departments
Independent work. Assignment: study the list of independent states. Determine: what form of government and territorial-state structure prevails in them, where the most independent states are located.
193 independent states
1. Australia - Commonwealth of Australia
2. Austria - Republic of Austria
3. Azerbaijan - Republic of Azerbaijan
4. Albania - Republic of Albania
5. Algeria - Algerian People's Democratic Republic
6. Angola - Republic of Angola
7. Andorra - Principality of Andorra
8. Antigua and Barbuda - Antigua and Barbuda
9. Argentina - Argentine Republic
10. Armenia - Republic of Armenia
11. Afghanistan - Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
12. Bahamas - Commonwealth of the Bahamas
13. Bangladesh - People's Republic of Bangladesh
14. Barbados - Barbados
15. Bahrain - Kingdom of Bahrain
16. Belarus - Republic of Belarus
17. Belize - Belize
18. Belgium - Kingdom of Belgium
19. Benin - Republic of Benin
20. Bulgaria - Republic of Bulgaria
21. Bolivia - Republic of Bolivia
22. Bosnia and Herzegovina - Bosnia and Herzegovina
23. Botswana - Republic of Botswana
24. Brazil - Federative Republic of Brazil
25. Brunei - Brunei Darussalam
26. Burkina Faso - Democratic Republic of Burkina Faso
27. Burundi - Republic of Burundi
28. Bhutan - Kingdom of Bhutan
29. Vanuatu - Republic of Vanuatu
30. Vatican City - Vatican City State
31. Great Britain - United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
32. Hungary - Republic of Hungary
33. Venezuela - Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela
34. East Timor) - Democratic Republic of East Timor
35. Vietnam - Socialist Republic of Vietnam
36. Gabon - Gabonese Republic
37. Haiti - Republic of Haiti
38. Guyana - Cooperative Republic of Guyana
39. Gambia - Republic of Gambia
40. Ghana - Republic of Ghana
41. Guatemala - Republic of Guatemala
42. Guinea - Republic of Guinea
43. Guinea-Bissau - Republic of Guinea-Bissau
44. Germany - Federal Republic of Germany
45. Honduras - Republic of Honduras
46. Grenada - Grenada
47. Greece - Hellenic Republic
48. Georgia - Republic of Georgia
49. Denmark - Kingdom of Denmark
50. Djibouti - Republic of Djibouti
51. Dominica - Commonwealth of Dominica
52. Dominican Republic - Dominican Republic
53. Egypt - Arab Republic of Egypt
54. Zambia - Republic of Zambia
55. Zimbabwe - Republic of Zimbabwe
56. Israel - State of Israel
57. India - Republic of India
58. Indonesia - Republic of Indonesia
59. Jordan - Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
60. Iraq - Republic of Iraq
61. Iran - Islamic Republic of Iran
62. Ireland - Republic of Ireland
63. Iceland - Republic of Iceland
64. Spain - Kingdom of Spain
65. Italy - Italian Republic
66. Yemen - Republic of Yemen
67. Cape Verde - Republic of Cape Verde
68. Kazakhstan - Republic of Kazakhstan
69. Cambodia - Kingdom of Cambodia
70. Cameroon - Republic of Cameroon
71. Canada - Canada
72. Qatar - State of Qatar
73. Kenya - Republic of Kenya
74. Cyprus - Republic of Cyprus
75. Kyrgyzstan - Kyrgyz Republic
76. Kiribati - Republic of Kiribati
77. China - People's Republic of China
78. Comoros - Federal Islamic Republic of Comoros
79. Congo - Republic of the Congo
80. DR Congo) - Democratic Republic of the Congo
81. Colombia - Republic of Colombia
82. DPRK
83. Republic of Korea
84. Costa Rica - Republic of Costa Rica
85. Cote d'Ivoire - Republic of Cote d'Ivoire
86. Cuba - Republic of Cuba
87. Kuwait - State of Kuwait
88. Laos - Lao People's Democratic Republic
89. Latvia - Republic of Latvia
90. Lesotho - Kingdom of Lesotho
91. Liberia - Republic of Liberia
92. Lebanon - Lebanese Republic
93. Libya - Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
94. Lithuania - Republic of Lithuania
95. Liechtenstein - Principality of Liechtenstein
96. Luxembourg - Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
97. Mauritius - Republic of Mauritius
98. Mauritania - Islamic Republic of Mauritania
99. Madagascar - Republic of Madagascar
100. Macedonia - Republic of Macedonia
101. Malawi - Republic of Malawi
102. Malaysia - Federation of Malaya
103. Mali - Republic of Mali
104. Maldives - Republic of Maldives
105. Malta - Republic of Malta
106. Morocco - Kingdom of Morocco
107. Marshall Islands - Republic of the Marshall Islands
108. Mexico - United Mexican States
109. Mozambique - Republic of Mozambique
110. Moldova - Republic of Moldova
111. Monaco - Principality of Monaco
112. Mongolia - Republic of Mongolia
113. Myanmar - Union of Myanmar
114. Namibia - Republic of Namibia
115. Nauru - Republic of Nauru
116. Nepal - Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal
117. Niger - Niger Republic
118. Nigeria - Federal Republic of Nigeria
119. Netherlands - Kingdom of the Netherlands
120. Nicaragua - Republic of Nicaragua
121. New Zealand - New Zealand
122. Norway - Kingdom of Norway
123. UAE - United Arab Emirates
124. Oman - Sultanate of Oman
125. Pakistan - Islamic Republic of Pakistan
126. Palau - Republic of Palau
127. Panama - Republic of Panama
128. Papua New Guinea - Independent State of Papua New Guinea
129. Paraguay - Republic of Paraguay
130. Peru - Republic of Peru
131. Poland - Republic of Poland
132. Portugal - Portuguese Republic
133. Russia - Russian Federation
134. Rwanda - Republic of Rwanda
135. Romania - Romania
136. El Salvador - Republic of El Salvador
137. Samoa - Independent State of Samoa
138. San Marino - Republic of San Marino
139. Sao Tome and Principe - Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe
140. Saudi Arabia - Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
141. Swaziland - Kingdom of Swaziland
142. Seychelles - Republic of Seychelles
143. Senegal - Republic of Senegal
144. Saint Vincent and the Grenadines - Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
145. Saint Kitts and Nevis - Saint Kitts and Nevis
146. Saint Lucia - Saint Lucia
147. Serbia - Republic of Serbia
148. Singapore - Republic of Singapore
149. Syria - Syrian Arab Republic
150. Slovakia - Slovak Republic
151. Slovenia - Republic of Slovenia
152. USA - United States of America
153. Solomon Islands - Solomon Islands
154. Somalia - Somalia
155. Sudan - Sudanese Republic
156. Suriname - Republic of Suriname
157. Sierra Leone - Republic of Sierra Leone
158. Tajikistan - Republic of Tajikistan
159. Thailand - Kingdom of Thailand
160. Tanzania - United Republic of Tanzania
161. Togo - Togolese Republic
162. Tonga - Kingdom of Tonga
163. Trinidad and Tobago - Republic of Trinidad and Tobago
164. Tuvalu - Tuvalu
165. Tunisia - Tunisian Republic
166. Turkmenistan - Turkmenistan
167. Türkiye - Republic of Turkey
168. Uganda - Republic of Uganda
169. Ukraine - Ukraine
170. Uzbekistan - Republic of Uzbekistan
171. Uruguay - Eastern Republic of Uruguay
172. Federated States of Micronesia - Federated States of Micronesia
173. Fiji - Republic of Fiji Islands
174. Philippines - Republic of the Philippines
175. Finland - Republic of Finland
176. France - French Republic
177. Croatia - Republic of Croatia
178. CAR - Central African Republic
179. Chad - Republic of Chad
180. Montenegro - Republic of Montenegro
181. Czech Republic - Czech Republic
182. Chile - Republic of Chile
183. Switzerland - Swiss Confederation
184. Sweden - Kingdom of Sweden
185. Sri Lanka - Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka
186. Ecuador - Republic of Ecuador
187. Equatorial Guinea - Republic of Equatorial Guinea
188. Eritrea - State of Eritrea
189. Estonia - Republic of Estonia
190. Ethiopia - Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
191. South Africa - Republic of South Africa
192. Jamaica - Jamaica
193. Japan - Japan
3.5. Conversation based on the results of independent work.
4. Summing up the lesson. d/z- Know the objects of the political map, records.
The main objects of the political map are sovereign states And non-self-governing territories.
Sovereign states These are states that have sovereignty. The number of such states is growing. Thus, in 1900 there were only 55 sovereign states on the globe. On the eve of the Second World War there were 71 of them, in 1947 - 81, and by 2000 more than 190 countries already had sovereignty.
State sovereignty means the fullness of the legislative, executive and judicial power of the state on its territory, excluding any foreign power. It also implies disobedience to the authorities of foreign states in the sphere of international communication, except in cases of explicit and voluntary consent on the part of the state to limit its sovereignty.
In principle, the sovereignty of a state is always complete and exclusive. The concept of sovereignty underlies such generally recognized principles of international law as the principle of sovereign equality of states, the principle of mutual respect for state sovereignty, the principle of non-interference of states in each other’s internal affairs, etc.
Along with sovereign states in the modern world there are also about 30 non-self-governing territories. They can be divided into two groups:
colonies officially included in the UN list (a list of territories that are specifically subject to the UN requirement for independence);
territories not included in the UN list, because, according to the states governing them, they are “overseas departments”, “overseas territories” or states “freely associated” with them, etc.
Some non-self-governing territories on the modern political map of the world:
- 1. British possessions: Gibraltar (disputed territory with Spain); Virgin (British) Islands and Cayman Islands (Caribbean Sea); Falkland Islands (Malvinas) (disputed territory of Great Britain and Argentina) and Bermuda (Atlantic Ocean), etc.
- 2. French possessions: ("overseas departments" are administered by a commissioner or prefect of the French Republic appointed by the government): French Guiana (South America); Guadeloupe and Martinique (Caribbean Sea); Reunion Island (Indian Ocean, near Madagascar); "overseas territories" in Oceania: o. New Caledonia; French Polynesia: Society Islands, Tuamotu, Marquesas Islands, Tubuai, Bass, etc.
- 3. Possessions of the Netherlands: Antilles (Dutch) islands: Bonaire, Curacao, Saba, etc. (Caribbean Sea); O. Aruba (possibly gaining sovereignty in the near future).
- 4. US possessions: Virgin (US) Islands (in the northern part of the Lesser Antilles, Caribbean Sea); Since 1952, Puerto Rico has been a state “freely associated” with the United States (Caribbean Sea); Eastern Samoa is an "unincorporated (unincorporated) territory" of the United States (Oceania); military bases on the Pacific islands: Guam, Midway Johnston and Sand, Palmyra, Jarvis, Kingman Reef, Howland and Baker (Oceania); Federated States of Micronesia, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands and the Republic of the Marshall Islands, Republic of Palau (Oceania) - " states associated" with the USA.
The formation and development of states is a complex historical process, determined by many internal and external factors: political, social, economic, ethnic. Experts on international issues currently count more than 200 objects around the globe that are subject to disputes: territorial, ethnic, religious, border, including several dozen where there is an acute conflict situation. In many sovereign states there are hotbeds of separatism. Currently, experts note the presence of about 50 such conflicts.
The most acute conflicts of our time:
In Europe
Northern Ireland;
Basque Country, Galicia and Catalonia in Spain;
Corsica and Wallonia in France, etc.
Balkan conflict.
In Asia:
Kurdistan (the territory of this mountainous region in South-West Asia, which has no fixed borders, is part of Turkey, Iran, Iraq and Syria);
Mountain Badakhshan in Tajikistan;
Pakistani province of Balochistan;
South Yemen;
Chittagong region in Bangladesh;
Indian states of Punjab, Jammu and Kashmir;
Northern regions of Sri Lanka;
Tibet and Xinjiang (Uyguristan) in China, etc.
Conflict between Israel and the Palestinian Authority.
Afghanistan.
Conflict in the Persian Gulf (Iraq, Kuwait).
Taiwan Strait.
On the American continent:
Canadian province of Quebec.
Mesquican Chiapas;
self-governing territory of Denmark, the island of Greenland.
On the African continent:
West Sahara.
Dispute between Spain and Great Britain over sovereignty over Gibraltar.
In South America:
There was an armed conflict (1982) between Great Britain and Argentina over ownership of the Falkland Islands (Malvinas) off the coast of Argentina.
Military operations took place on the border between Peru and Ecuador.
Currently, the main objects of the political map are the world's sovereign states and non-self-governing territories. There are about 230 countries and territories, of which more than 190 are sovereign, i.e. these states are politically independent and have independence in all their affairs (external, internal).
Countries are grouped according to certain characteristics. Currently, countries are classified according to population, size of territories, and characteristics of their geographical location. Based on the size of the territory, the 7 largest countries are distinguished: Russia, China, USA, Canada, Brazil, India, Australia. Their area is more than 3 million km2. These countries together occupy approximately half of the earth's landmass. In terms of population, there are 10 largest countries, in which the number of inhabitants is over 100 million people: China, India, USA, Indonesia, Brazil, Russia, Japan, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nigeria. Together, these countries account for about 60% of the world's population.
The political map of the world is dominated by large (discussed above), medium and small countries. Microstates are the smallest countries: Luxembourg, Monaco, Liechtenstein.
Under sovereignty of the state understand the fullness of the legislative, executive and judicial power of the state on its territory, which excludes any foreign power.
The sovereignty of the state must always be complete and exclusive - this is one of the main properties of the state.
The principle of sovereign equality of states, the principle of mutual respect for state sovereignty, and the position of non-interference of countries in each other’s internal affairs is based on the concept of state sovereignty.
The most complex historical processes are the formation and development of states, which is determined by many external and internal factors: social, political, economic, ethnic, etc.
There are more than 30 non-self-governing territories in the modern world. They can be divided into groups:
1) colonies that were officially included in the UN list;
2) the territories are actually colonies, but not included in the UN list, since, according to the states governing them, they can be “overseas territories”, “overseas departments”, “freely associated states”, etc.
The colony- a territory or country that is under the authority of a foreign state, deprived of economic and political independence and governed on the basis of a special regime.
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All topics in this section:
A political map of the World
The political map displays the form of government, government structure, major political and geographical changes and much more.
The main content of the political map
Stages of formation of the political map of the world
The process of forming the political map of the world took a long time, approximately several thousand years.
Ancient period (from the era of the emergence of the first forms of state to
Territory and borders
The concept of “territory” differs from the concept of “space” in its specificity, reference to certain coordinates on the earth’s surface.
Under the territory
Types of territories
Currently, there are state territories, territories with international and mixed regimes.
By state we mean the territory
Forms of government
The political system of any country is characterized by its form of government.
The following forms of government exist.
In ancient times, a republican form of government arose -
Form of government
The administrative-territorial structure of the state is the most important element of the political map, associated with the nature of the political system and the form of state government
Form of government regime
Mineral resources are minerals that are extracted from the depths of the earth. Minerals are understood as natural mineral substances of the earth's crust, which can be
Energy resources
Primary energy resources are oil, natural gas, hard and brown coal, oil shale, peat (non-renewable resources of the lithosphere); wood (renewable resource), gy
Land resources
Land resources are among those natural resources without which human life is unthinkable. There are as many land resources on the planet as there are dry land.
Land resources
Water resources. World Ocean
Most of the water on the globe is the waters of the World Ocean (96% by volume). Groundwater accounts for about 2%, glaciers - approximately 2%, and only 0.02% is surface
World population
Demography is the science of the patterns of population reproduction, its size and natural increase, sex and age composition. Studying population geography
Population composition
The planet's population is a kaleidoscope of numerous races and peoples. Humanity is divided into four main races: 1) Caucasian (42.9% of the planet's population);
2) mon
Age and sex composition of the world population
Age is the main criterion of a person’s ability to work. People are divided by age into the following categories: 1) based on reproductive qualities: up to 15 years - the generation of children, 15–49 years -
Religions of the world
Knowledge of the religious affiliation of the population helps to better understand the characteristics of the economic and social geography of different countries of the world. The role of religion in society remains significant.
Population migration
Migration is the movement of people between separate territories and settlements associated with a temporary, permanent or seasonal change of their place of residence.
Main reasons
Main types of migrations
External migrations differ in their nature, reasons, territorial scope, duration, etc. Depending on the nature, voluntary and forced migrations are distinguished.
International organizations
International organizations are one of the most important forms of multilateral cooperation between states. They are created on the basis of an agreement between the participants, their activities are regulated
Mechanical engineering is a particularly important branch of the manufacturing industry in the world, reflecting the level of scientific and technological progress and the defense capability of the country, determining
Chemical industry
The chemical industry is a young branch of global industry.
Its composition includes basic chemistry and chemistry of organic synthesis, mining and chemical industry
Forestry industry
The forest industry is the harvesting, mechanical processing and chemical processing of wood. Mechanical processing is sawmilling, plywood production, etc.
Food industry
The world's food industry in economically developed and developing countries is diverse. The production of products in this industry is constantly growing, providing the population with food
Agriculture
Agriculture is an important sector of the world economy, but its importance in the economies of different countries and regions varies.
Agriculture as a business sector
general characteristics
Europe Europe is a part of the world.
Together with Asia, Europe makes up a single continent called Eurasia.
There are more than 40 countries in Europe
General characteristics of America
America is a part of the world consisting of two continents (North and South America), connected by the Isthmus of Panama.
Most of continental North America
Africa political map
The continent occupies 1/5 of the landmass of the globe; there are 55 sovereign states on the continent, most of which existed before the 20th century. were colonies. Population – over 600 million people.
General geographical characteristics of Asia
The largest part of the world is Asia, which is home to over half of the total population of our planet.
Many independent states of foreign Asia are republics
Political map of Australia and Oceania
Federal Law No. 191-FZ dated December 2, 1998 “On the exclusive economic zone of the Russian Federation” determines the status of the exclusive economic zone of the Russian Federation, suv
Population of Russia
The population of the Russian Federation in 2000 was 145.6 million people. Russia is ranked seventh in the world in terms of population after China, India, the USA, and Indonesia.
Economy of the Russian Federation
The Russian Federation is the largest sovereign republic with enormous natural, economic and scientific potential.
Russia has a very complex structure.
Oil industry of Russia
In terms of oil reserves, Russia ranks sixth in the world, after Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, the UAE, Iraq and Iran.
Oil has played and will continue to play a significant role in Russia. Oil industry
Gas industry of Russia
Russia ranks one of the first in the world in terms of natural gas reserves, and first in explored fields and production. Natural gas production in Russia has been carried out since 1990, and is
Coal industry of Russia
The importance of coal as fuel and raw material for the chemical industry is great.
Mining of hard and brown coal is carried out. The most productive and cheapest method of coal mining is open-pit, dry
Mechanical engineering in the Russian Federation
Mechanical engineering is one of the leading sectors of the Russian economy, consisting of a large number of sub-sectors and production.
In Russia in recent years the situation in cars
Chemical industry of Russia
The chemical industry plays a special role; it includes the mining chemical industry, basic chemistry, basic organic synthesis, and the production of polymer materials
Agriculture of Russia
Russia has a huge land fund - it is 1707.5 million hectares, but the areas used for agriculture - arable land, pastures and perennial plantings - amount to 208.4 million hectares
Transport of Russia
Economic development without transport is practically impossible.
Federal structure of the Russian Federation
According to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the constituent entities of the Russian Federation are part of the Russian Federation.
Republic of Adygea (Adygea), Republic of Altai, Republic of Bashkortostan, Republic
Central region of Russia
The Central region includes: Moscow, Moscow, Bryansk, Vladimir, Ivanovo, Kaluga, Kostroma, Oryol, Ryazan, Smolensk, Tversk, Tula, Yaroslavl
Northern region of Russia
The Northern region includes: Arkhangelsk, Murmansk, Vologda regions, Republics: Karelia and Komi, Nenets Autonomous Okrug.
Is a northern region in Europe
Volga region of Russia
It includes: Astrakhan, Volgograd, Samara, Saratov, Ulyanovsk, Penza regions, Republics: Tatarstan and Kalmykia.
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