Anemia is a serious disease that is associated with a decrease in the level of hemoglobin in the blood. It is a protein found in red blood cells and is responsible for transporting oxygen in the body. Anemia of the 1st degree is especially dangerous, since there are no clinical manifestations yet, and changes are already beginning to develop.

Degrees of anemia

According to their classification, all anemias are divided into 3 degrees of severity:

• light;
• average;
• heavy.

Anemia of the first degree refers to a mild variant of the course of the disease. Laboratory indicators are reduced to 90 g / l. Almost always, this is the only symptom of anemia, and the patient may not know anything about it. Any changes in the state occur only with physical exertion that exceeds daily norms.

Serious symptoms appear already at more severe stages of the disease. With moderate anemia, fatigue and shortness of breath begin to bother with the usual load for the body. In a clinical blood test, the amount of hemoglobin will be from 70 to 90 g / l.

With a severe degree of the disease, laboratory indicators become less than 70 g / l.

Causes of anemia

Conditions leading to iron deficiency:

• prolonged bleeding;
• intestinal disorders that lead to a decrease in digestible iron;
• increased need for iron during pregnancy and lactation;
• diet violation.

Folic acid deficiency is associated with the following reasons:

• the use of sulfa drugs;
• increased alcohol consumption.

The development of hemolytic anemia is possible:

• when transfusing incompatible blood;
• with autoimmune diseases;
• with tumors;
• with heavy metal poisoning;
• with Rh-conflict between mother and child.

Aplastic anemia appears in the following cases:

• insufficiency of stem cells in the bone marrow;
• changes in the normal functioning of stem cells;
• hepatitis A;
• mononucleosis.

signs

There are 4 types of anemia, each of which is characterized by its own symptoms.

Iron-deficiency anemia

With a lack of iron or IDA, the patient begins to experience general malaise, weakness. Against this background, there is a decrease in efficiency. Iron deficiency anemia in the initial stage does not greatly affect the functioning of the body, although characteristic signs can already be detected:

• dry skin;
• tingling sensation on the tongue;
• increase in heart rate;
• shortness of breath with little physical exertion;

• pale skin color;
• hair loss;
• fragility of nails;
• there may be a desire to eat only a certain type of food.

Anemia due to lack of folic acid and vitamin B12

With this variant of anemia, the initial stage of development is characterized by the appearance of mild itching on the extremities. In addition, there are "goosebumps", numbness and tingling. The skin itself changes its color and becomes yellow.

A striking symptom is a change in the mucous membrane of the tongue. The papillae become inflamed and cause a tingling sensation.

The general condition also changes. Irritability and depressive mood appear, appetite worsens.

Hemolytic anemia

At the first degree of the disease, the patient's condition changes. Weakness appears, and efficiency decreases. Dizziness, shortness of breath and tachycardia may occur. Sometimes this type of anemia is confused with liver disease, since the resulting pain in the right hypochondrium is very similar to the manifestations of hepatitis.

aplastic anemia

With aplastic anemia, a lack of oxygen and tachycardia are added to the general change in the patient's condition. The key symptom of this disease is bruising, which occurs spontaneously. In the oral cavity, there is increased bleeding of the gums. The patient himself looks pale.

Manifestations during pregnancy

Anemia of the 1st degree very often develops in pregnant and lactating women. This is due to the increased need for vitamins and minerals in the body. The most common is iron deficiency anemia or B12 deficiency.

This disease is detected after the delivery of a general blood test. Until the results are obtained, the patient may not feel any changes. Although the fetus is already experiencing a lack of nutrients and oxygen. The risk of placental abruption, premature birth and bleeding increases.

All pregnant women should carefully monitor their diet. Balanced nutrition is the basis for the full development of the baby. Maintaining a diet will prevent the transition to a more severe stage of the disease.

Must be consumed

• language;
• turkey;
• cocoa;
• fruits and berries, apricots are especially recommended;
• nuts, in particular almonds;
• dried fruits;
• buckwheat porridge;
• legumes.

If any signs of anemia are found, these products should be in the diet from the first trimester of pregnancy. The prescribed diet is maintained until the very birth.

Anemia in pregnancy

Anemia treatment

The main aspect of the treatment of anemia is the elimination of the underlying cause that led to the development of the disease.

With a lack of iron, drugs are used: Zhektofer, Conferon, Feramide and others. In addition to medicines, it is recommended to eat more meat, legumes and fresh herbs.

If vitamin B12 deficiency has led to the development of anemia, then its intramuscular administration is prescribed up to 500 mcg per day. But it is also necessary to increase the consumption of the following products:

• liver;
• seafood;
• milk;
• eggs;
• hard cheeses.

Folic acid deficiency is corrected by taking medications. The recommended dose is 5 mg per day. Be sure to use the following products:

• fruit;
• fresh greens;
• broccoli;
• cauliflower;
• cereal porridge.

Symptoms affect the treatment of hemolytic anemia. If there are practically no signs of the disease, then therapy is not prescribed. For preventive purposes, drugs are prescribed that improve the flow of bile, for example, Allochol and other antispasmodics.

Aplastic anemia is treated only in a hospital, as it is caused by quite serious diseases. The patient is hospitalized regardless of the degree of symptoms.

A more specific treatment can only be prescribed by a doctor after a complete examination of the whole body and the identification of the underlying cause.

With timely access to a specialist, anemia will not develop further, and a mild degree will not turn into a more severe one. In the initial stage, it is much easier to stop the progression of the disease and completely restore the normal functioning of the body.

Video: How to treat anemia?

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) used to be better known as anemia (now this term is outdated and is used by our grandmothers out of habit). The name of the disease is clear indicates a deficiency in the body of such a chemical element as, the depletion of reserves of which in the organs that deposit it, leads to a decrease in the production of an important for the body complex protein (chromoprotein) - (Hb), which is contained in red blood cells -. Such a property of hemoglobin as its high affinity for oxygen underlies the transport function of erythrocytes, which hemoglobin delivers oxygen to breathing tissues.

Although the erythrocytes themselves in the blood with iron deficiency anemia may be sufficient, but, circulating through the bloodstream "empty", they do not bring the main component to the tissues for breathing, which is why they begin to experience starvation (hypoxia).

Iron in the human body

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) the most common form of all currently known anemia, which is due to a large number of causes and circumstances that can lead to iron deficiency, which will lead to various disorders that are unsafe for the body.

Iron (ferrum, Fe) is a very important element for ensuring the normal functioning of the human body.

In men (of average height and weight), it contains approximately 4 - 4.5 grams:

• 2.5 - 3.0 g is in the Hb heme;
• in tissues and parenchymal organs, from 1.0 to 1.5 g (approx. 30%) is deposited in reserve, this is a reserve - ferritin;
• and respiratory enzymes take on themselves 0.3 - 0.5 g;
• some proportion is present in ferrum-transporting proteins (transferrin).

Daily losses in males, of course, also take place: about 1.0-1.2 g of iron is lost through the intestines every day.

In women, the picture is somewhat different (and not only because of height and weight): their iron content is in the range of 2.6 - 3.2 g, only 0.3 g is deposited, and losses are not only daily through the intestines. Losing 2 ml of blood during menstruation, the female body loses 1 g of this important element, so it is clear why such a condition as iron deficiency anemia, more common in females.

In children, hemoglobin and its iron content change with age, however, in general, up to a year of life they are noticeably lower, and in children and adolescents up to 14 years of age they approach the female norm.

The most common form of anemia is IDA due to the fact that our body is not able to synthesize this chemical element at all and, except from animal products, we have nowhere else to take it. It is absorbed in the duodenum and a little along the small intestine. Ferrum does not enter into any interaction with the large intestine and does not react to it, therefore, once there, it transits and is excreted from the body. By the way, you don’t have to worry that by consuming a lot of iron with food, we can “overeat” it - a person has special mechanisms that will stop the absorption of excess iron in a timely manner.

iron metabolism in the body (scheme: myshared, Efremova S.A.)

Reasons, shortcomings, violations ...

In order for the reader to understand the important role of iron and hemoglobin, we will try, often using the words “cause”, “deficiency” and “violations”, to describe the relationship of various processes that constitute the essence of IDA:

erythrocyte and hemoglobin molecules

Thus, the cause of these disorders is iron deficiency and lack of it in the reserve (ferritin), which hinders the synthesis of heme and, accordingly, the production of hemoglobin. If the hemoglobin formed in the bone marrow is not enough to fill the young red blood cells, then the blood cells will have no choice but to leave the “birthplace” without it. However, circulating in the blood in such an inferior state, red blood cells will not be able to provide oxygen to the tissues, and they will experience starvation (hypoxia). And it all started with an iron deficiency…

Reasons for the development of IDA

The main prerequisites for the development of iron deficiency anemia are diseases, as a result of which iron does not reach a level that can ensure the normal synthesis of heme and hemoglobin, or due to some circumstances, this chemical element is removed along with red blood cells and already formed hemoglobin, which occurs during bleeding.

Meanwhile, IDA should not be attributed acute posthemorrhagic anemia that occurs with massive blood loss (severe injuries, childbirth, criminal abortions and other conditions, the cause of which was mainly damage to large vessels). With a favorable set of circumstances, BCC (volume of circulating blood) will be restored, red blood cells and hemoglobin will rise and everything will fall into place.

The cause of iron deficiency anemia can be the following pathological conditions:

Obviously, iron deficiency anemia is most of all a “female” disease, since it often develops due to or frequent childbirth, as well as an “adolescent” problem that creates intensive growth and rapid sexual development (in girls in puberty). A separate group is made up of babies whose iron deficiency was noticed even before the age of one.

At first, the body still copes

In the formation of iron deficiency states the speed of development of the process, the stage of the course of the disease and the degree of compensation are of great importance, after all, IDA has different causes and may come from another disease (for example, repeated bleeding with a stomach or duodenal ulcer, gynecological pathology or chronic infections). Stages of the course of the pathological process:

1. Hidden (latent) deficiency does not turn into IDA in an instant. But in a blood test, it is already possible to detect a lack of an element if serum iron is examined, although hemoglobin will still be within normal values.
2. For tissue sideropenic syndrome, clinical manifestations are characteristic: gastrointestinal disorders, trophic changes in the skin and derivatives (hair, nails, sebaceous and sweat glands);
3. With the depletion of one's own reserves of the element, IDA can be determined by the level of hemoglobin - it begins to fall.

stages of development of IDA

Depending on the depth of iron deficiency, there are 3 severity levels of IDA:

• Light - hemoglobin values ​​​​are in the range of 110 - 90 g / l;
• Average - the content of Hb ranges from 90 to 70 g / l;
• Severe - the hemoglobin level falls below 70 g / l.

A person begins to feel bad already at the stage of latent deficiency, but the symptoms will become clearly visible only with sideropenic syndrome. Before the appearance of the clinical picture of iron deficiency anemia in full, it will take another 8-10 years, and only then a person who is little interested in his health will know that he has anemia, that is, when hemoglobin will noticeably decrease.

How does iron deficiency manifest itself?

The clinical picture at the first stage usually does not manifest itself, the latent (hidden) period of the disease gives minor changes (mainly due to oxygen starvation of tissues), which have not yet been identified with clear symptoms. Circulatory-hypoxic syndrome: weakness, with physical exertion, sometimes ringing in the ears, cardialgia - many people make similar complaints. But few people would think of taking a biochemical blood test, where, among other indicators, serum iron will appear. And yet, at this stage, the development of IDA can be suspected if stomach problems appear:

1. The desire to eat food disappears, a person does it rather out of habit;
2. Taste and appetite become perverted: instead of normal food, you want to try tooth powder, clay, chalk, flour;
3. There are difficulties with swallowing food and some vague and incomprehensible sensations of discomfort in the epigastrium.
4. Body temperature may rise to subfebrile values.

Due to the fact that in the initial stage of the disease, symptoms may be absent or mild, in most cases people do not pay attention to them until the development of sideropenic syndrome. Is it possible that at some professional examination a decrease in hemoglobin will be found and the doctor will begin to ascertain the anamnesis?

Signs of sideropenic syndrome already give reason to assume an iron deficiency state, since the clinical picture begins to acquire a color characteristic of IDA. The skin and its derivatives suffer first, a little later, due to constant hypoxia, internal organs are involved in the pathological process:

• The skin is dry, flaky on the arms and legs;
• Exfoliating nails are flat and dull;
• Jamming in the corners of the mouth, cracks on the lips;
• Salivation at night;
• Hair splits, grows poorly, loses its natural shine;
• The tongue hurts, wrinkles appear on it;
• The slightest scratches heal with difficulty;
• Low resistance of the body to infectious and other adverse factors;
• Weakness in the muscles;
• Weakness of physiological sphincters (urinary incontinence when laughing, coughing, straining);
• Nested atrophy along the esophagus and stomach (esophagoscopy, fibrogastroduodenoscopy - FGDS);
• Imperative (sudden desire that is difficult to contain) urge to urinate;
• Bad mood;
• Intolerance to stuffy rooms;
• Drowsiness, lethargy, swelling of the face.

This course can last up to 10 years, the treatment of iron deficiency anemia from time to time can slightly raise hemoglobin, from which the patient calms down for a while. Meanwhile, the deficiency continues to deepen if the root cause is not affected and gives a more pronounced clinic: all of the above symptoms + severe shortness of breath, muscle weakness, constant tachycardia, decreased ability to work.

Iron deficiency anemia in children and pregnant women

IDA in children under 2-3 years of age is 4-5 times more common than other deficient conditions. As a rule, it is caused by nutritional deficiency, where improper feeding, unbalanced nutrition for the baby leads not only to a lack of this chemical element, but also to a decrease in the components of the protein-vitamin complex.

In children, iron deficiency anemia often has a latent (latent) course, reducing the number of cases by the third year of life by 2-3 times.

The most prone to developing iron deficiency are premature babies, twins or triplets, babies who are heavier and taller at birth, and who gain weight rapidly in the first months of life. Artificial feeding, frequent colds, a tendency to diarrhea are also factors that contribute to the reduction of this element in the body.

How IDA will proceed in children depends on the degree of anemia and compensatory possibilities child's body. The severity of the condition is determined, mainly, not by the level of Hb - to a greater extent it depends on speed fall in hemoglobin. Without treatment, iron deficiency anemia, with good adaptation, can last for years without showing significant impairment.

The main signs in the diagnosis of iron deficiency in children can be considered: pallor of the mucous membranes, waxy color of the auricles, dystrophic changes in the false integument and skin derivatives, indifference to food. Symptoms such as weight loss, growth retardation, low-grade fever, frequent colds, enlarged liver and spleen, stomatitis, fainting may also be present with IDA, but are not mandatory for it.

In women, iron deficiency anemia is most dangerous during pregnancy: mainly for the fetus. If the poor health of a pregnant woman is due to oxygen starvation of tissues, then one can imagine what suffering the organs and, first of all, the central nervous system of the child () have. In addition, with IDA in women who are expecting a baby, there is a high likelihood of preterm birth and a high risk of developing infectious complications in the postpartum period.

Diagnostic search for the cause

Bearing in mind the patient's complaints and information about a decrease in hemoglobin in history, IDA can only be assumed, therefore:

1. The first stage of the diagnostic search will be proof the fact that in the body there really is a lack of this chemical element, which is the cause of anemia;
2. The next stage of diagnosis is the search for diseases that have become prerequisites for the development of an iron deficiency state (the cause of deficiency).

The first stage of diagnosis, as a rule, is based on various additional (except for the hemoglobin level) laboratory tests, proving that there is not enough iron in the body:

• : low Hb level - anemia, an increase in the number of red blood cells that have an unnaturally small size, with a normal number of red blood cells - microcytosis, a decrease in color index - hypochromia, the content of reticulocytes is likely to be increased, although it may not go away from normal values;
• Serum iron, the norm of which in men is in the range of 13 - 30 μmol / l, in women from 11 to 30 μmol / l (with IDA, these figures will decrease);
• Total iron-binding capacity (OZHSS) or total (norm 27 - 40 µmol / l, with IDA - the level increases);
• The saturation of transferrin with iron in the deficiency of the element decreases below 25%;
• (reserve protein) in iron-deficient conditions in men becomes below 30 ng/ml, in women - below 10 ng/ml, which indicates the depletion of iron reserves.

If an iron deficiency has been identified in the patient's body with the help of analyzes, then the next step will be to search for the causes of this deficiency:

1. History taking (perhaps the person is a strict vegetarian or has been on a weight loss diet for too long and unwisely);
2. It can be assumed that there is bleeding in the body, which the patient does not know or knows about, but does not attach much importance to it. In order to detect the problem and fix the status of the cause behind it, the patient will be offered to undergo a lot of various examinations: FGDS, sigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy, bronchoscopy, the woman will definitely be sent to the gynecologist. There is no certainty that even these, by the way, rather unpleasant procedures, will clarify the situation, but you will have to look until the source of the piled up grief is found.

The patient must go through these stages of diagnosis before prescribing ferrotherapy. There is no random treatment for iron deficiency anemia.

Make iron stay in the body

In order for the impact on the disease to be rational and effective, one should adhere to the basic principles of the treatment of iron deficiency anemia:

• It is impossible to stop iron deficiency anemia with nutrition alone. without the use of iron preparations (limited absorption of Fe in the stomach);
• It is necessary to follow the sequence of treatment, consisting of 2 stages: the 1st - the relief of anemia, which takes 1 - 1.5 months (an increase in hemoglobin levels begins from the 3rd week), and the 2nd, designed to replenish the Fe depot (it will continue 2 months);
• Normalization of hemoglobin levels does not mean the end of treatment - the entire course should last 3-4 months.

At the first stage (5 - 8 days) of the treatment of iron deficiency anemia, the so-called reticulocyte crisis- a significant increase (by 20 - 50 times) in the number of young forms of erythrocytes ( - norm: approx. 1%).

When prescribing iron preparations for oral administration (by mouth), it is important to remember that only 20-30% of the dose taken will be absorbed, the rest will be excreted through the intestines, so the dose must be calculated correctly.

Ferrotherapy must be combined with a diet rich in vitamins and protein. The patient's diet should include lean meats (veal, beef, hot lamb), fish, buckwheat, citrus fruits, apples. Ascorbic acid at a dose of 0.3 - 0.5 g per dose, an antioxidant complex, vitamins A, B, E, the doctor usually prescribes separately in addition to ferrotherapy.

Iron preparations differ from other medicines in special rules for taking:

• Ferrum-containing short-acting preparations are not consumed immediately before meals and during it. The medicine is taken 15-20 minutes after a meal or in a pause between doses, prolonged drugs (ferrogradum, ferograd, tardiferron-retard, sorbifer-durules) can be taken before meals and at night (1 time per day);
• Iron preparations are not washed down with milk and milk-based drinks (kefir, fermented baked milk, curdled milk) - they contain calcium, which will inhibit the absorption of iron;
• Tablets (with the exception of chewables), dragees and capsules are not chewed, swallowed whole and washed down with plenty of water, rosehip broth or clarified juice without pulp.

Small children (up to 3 years) are preferably given iron supplements in drops, slightly older (3-6 years) in syrups, and children over 6 years old and adolescents are well “led” on chewable tablets.

The most common iron preparations

Currently, a wide range of drugs that increase the iron content in the body is presented to the attention of doctors and patients. They are available in various pharmaceutical forms, so their oral administration does not cause any special problems, even in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia in young children. Some of the most effective medications for increasing iron levels include:

The list of ferrum-containing drugs is not a guide to action; it is up to the attending physician to prescribe and calculate the dose. Therapeutic doses are prescribed until the hemoglobin level normalizes, then the patient is transferred to prophylactic doses.

Preparations for parenteral administration are prescribed for violation of iron absorption in the gastrointestinal tract (gastric resection, peptic ulcer of the stomach and 12 duodenal ulcer in the acute phase, resection of large areas of the small intestine).

When prescribing drugs for intravenous and intramuscular administration, first of all, you need to remember about allergic reactions(feeling hot, palpitations, pain behind the sternum, in the lower back and calf muscles, metallic taste in the mouth) and possible development anaphylactic shock.

Preparations for parenteral use in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia are prescribed only if there is full confidence that it is IDA, and not another form of anemia in which they can be contraindicated.

Indications for blood transfusion in IDA are very limited (Hb below 50 g/l, but surgery or childbirth is expected, intolerance to oral and allergy to parenteral therapy). Only thrice-washed erythrocyte mass is transfused!

Prevention

In the zone of special attention, of course, are small children and pregnant women.

Pediatricians consider nutrition to be the most important measure to prevent IDA in children under one year old: breastfeeding, iron-fortified formulas (for “artists”), fruit and meat complementary foods.

iron sources for a healthy person

As for pregnant women, even those with normal hemoglobin levels in the last two months before giving birth should take iron supplements.

Women of childbearing age should not forget about the prevention of IDA in early spring and devote 4 weeks to ferrotherapy.

When signs of tissue deficiency appear, without waiting for the development of anemia, it will be useful for other people to take preventive measures ( get 40 mg of iron per day for two months). In addition to pregnant women and nursing mothers, blood donors, adolescent girls and both sexes who are actively involved in sports resort to such prevention.

Video: iron deficiency anemia, RIA Novosti story

Video: lecture on IDA

Video: Komarovsky about iron deficiency

Bearing a child is often accompanied by negative changes in the female body. More often they are characteristic of those expectant mothers who had low immunity before pregnancy. Indeed, in the first trimester of bearing a child, there is a tendency to weaken it even more. One of the signs of this is. What characterizes such a pathology? What should future mothers know about its effect on the fetus and treatment? Let's look into the issue.

Why does anemia develop?

When a new life is born in the uterus, the body of the future mother rebuilds its work. Now it functions with a double load, supplying the fetus with nutrients, oxygen, protecting it. The increase in the load on all organs and systems is the main reason for the decrease in the protective forces of the female body. As a result of this, various complications arise, including anemia, which is characterized by a decrease in the rate of red blood cells (erythrocytes) in the blood. Pathology occurs because the fetus actively “takes” iron from the mother, without which the formation of red blood cells is impossible.

The diagnosis of "iron deficiency anemia" is made by an obstetrician-gynecologist to his patient if her level is below the norm of 110 g / l. The first degree of anemia is characterized by a hemoglobin index of 90-110 g/l; the second - 70-90 g / l; the third - below 70 g / l. If, according to the results of a blood test, the level of red blood cells is below 40 g / l, then they speak of a severe degree of iron deficiency anemia. But this condition is not typical for pregnant women, because with low hemoglobin, it is sometimes not possible to conceive a child.

During the period of fetal formation, its active growth and iron consumption, it often becomes necessary to replenish the substance in the mother's body with food. When this does not happen, iron deficiency anemia occurs. Most often this is her first degree. This pathology is more typical for women who have a genetic predisposition to its appearance. Also, the condition occurs in expectant mothers with chronic or infectious diseases of internal organs, in those who have repeatedly given birth, who bear twins, and who suffer from toxicosis during pregnancy. Anemia of the first degree may be characteristic of women with heavy periods before pregnancy; minors; over thirty years of age; having bad habits.

Symptoms of anemia of the first degree

It is worth noting that iron deficiency anemia is diagnosed according to the results of a general blood test. At the beginning of pregnancy, it is manifested by rapid fatigue, increased irritability, drowsiness, and low performance. A woman complains of weakness, weakness in the body, dizziness, tinnitus, the appearance of "flies" before her eyes. With minor physical exertion, for example, climbing stairs, the expectant mother experiences heart palpitations, shortness of breath. Sometimes symptoms of anemia of the first degree are dryness and peeling of the skin, stratification of nails, loss of hair on the head.

Anemia treatment

Most often, obstetricians-gynecologists prescribe drugs with iron content. These are Tardiferon, Sorbifer, Ferroplex, Aktiferin, as well as vitamin B12 (cobalamin) in injections. The dosage of drugs and the scheme is determined individually, based on the general condition of the expectant mother. Doctors emphasize that the tablet forms of the above drugs should be taken with juices, because the latter are rich in ascorbic acid, which promotes the absorption of iron.

What is the danger of anemia of the first degree

It is worth noting that the initial form of pathology today is well treatable. It is enough to follow the doctor's prescriptions, adjust the diet - and in a week the expectant mother will already feel much better.

And if iron deficiency anemia is not given importance, then its first degree will develop into the second and can complicate the course of pregnancy. At the same time, the baby will not receive enough nutrients, will begin to suffer from hypoxia (oxygen starvation), which is fraught with placental abruption, premature onset of labor, and bleeding. The normal level of hemoglobin in the blood of a pregnant woman is the basis for a healthy gestation.

Unfortunately, the number of patients with anemia is increasing every year. According to statistics, about 1/4 of the world's population suffers from anemia. In most cases, the disease is formed against the background of a deficiency of iron and other vitamins in the body. Much less often, the formation of an ailment is associated with an imbalance. Anemia of the 1st degree - practically does not threaten the patient's health. First-degree anemia responds wonderfully to outpatient treatment. In a fairly short period of time, specialists manage to completely and without any damage to the health of the patient, restore the function of blood formation

Probably, many people know what anemia is, since the disease occurs in almost every 6-7 inhabitants of the planet. Anemia is characterized by a sharp decrease in the concentration of hemoglobin and (red blood rings). For men and women, all indicators are different.

• Anemia that formed after significant blood loss.
• Diseases caused by a violation of the ratio of red blood cells and their components (aplastic, megaloblastic, sideroblastic, and those associated with chronic forms of diseases).
• Anemia, the formation of which is due to a significant destruction of red blood cells.

Depending on the complexity and severity of the disease, three stages of anemia can be distinguished:

• Light. If the hemoglobin level is in the range of 110-90 g/litre.
• Average. The amount of hemoglobin can fluctuate around 90-70 g / liter.
• Heavy. critically low rates (below 70-75 g / liter).

Peculiarities

Almost every person who has even the slightest idea of ​​the importance of blood in the body knows what grade 1 anemia means in an adult. This ailment can be diagnosed in most patients, because the slightest deviations from the norm indicate the presence of anemia of the 1st degree.

There are a number of criteria by which anemia of the first type can be detected:

• The level of hemoglobin is below the norm by about 20% (in adults 95-115 g / liter of blood, in infants and children under 10 years old - 100-120 g / liter).
• A significant decrease in the concentration of iron in (for men - 10-30 microns / mol, for women less by 10-20%).
• Decrease in the number of red blood cells (for men 3.9-5.5 * 1012 / l, for women - 3.5-4.5 * 1012 / l, for children - 2.5-3.0 * 1012 / l.).
• below 0.8-0.9.

Causes

There are a lot of causes of anemia, due to which anemia is formed. They are different for every age group. In addition, the factors that contribute to the development of anemia differ by gender.

But still, there are some common causes of anemia of 1 degree:

• Unbalanced diet (vegetarianism, various diets).
• Chronic disease and inflammatory processes of the digestive system, which are accompanied by ulcerative neoplasms on the mucous membranes (ulcer, enterocolitis, etc.).
• Various injuries and injuries that are accompanied by extensive bleeding and lead to significant blood loss.
• Surgical interventions.

Among women

For women, it is worth adding a couple more causes of anemia:

• Frequent childbirth (1 time for 2 years). The female body simply does not have time to recover from significant blood loss.
• Early / late birth (up to 18 years and after 30-35 years).
• Fetal miscarriage.
• Long-term and with fibroma.

In pregnant women

During pregnancy, you need to carefully monitor your well-being. Anemia in a pregnant woman can lead to:

• A woman can even periodically lose consciousness.
• To the manifestation of early toxicosis.
• The placenta can peel away from the walls of the uterus.
• To hypoxia () and other disorders during the formation of the fetus.
• Increased risk of bleeding during/after childbirth.
• to premature birth.

In men

Causes of anemia in men:

• Excessive physical activity (sports training or military service).
• Long-term and in diseases of the urinary system.

The child has

For children, especially infants, the cause of anemia can be:

• Prematurity.
• Violations of the absorption of iron and other micro- and macroelements of the blood.
• Incorrect work of the circulatory system, or rather its defective formation.
• Worms (impact on the child's body of toxins that are released during the life of the worms).
• Dietary disorders (early/late complementary foods, unbalanced foods, etc.).
• Frequent .
• Health effects of a polluted environment on a toddler.

Symptoms

Common signs and symptoms of anemia:

• Feelings of weakness, fatigue. The person becomes more irritable. There may be a feeling of drowsiness. As a result, this significantly reduces performance.
• Dizziness may appear. Often the patient is disturbed, sometimes there may be tinnitus or flashing points before the eyes.
• Increased heart rate even with slight exertion.
• Appear at rest or with minor physical exertion.

Symptoms for different types of anemia and may differ from each other. The symptoms of anemia are also affected by the individual characteristics of the organism. After all, each person is unique, and can react to a particular disease in different ways. The patient's immune system also plays an important role, which creates resistance to the disease. Therefore, do not self-diagnose. If you have any health concerns, seek the advice of a specialist.

In children with anemia of the first degree, pallor of the skin may appear. The child begins to eat poorly. In addition, he is lethargic, he is no longer interested in games. A child with anemia can fall asleep on his own during the day (not according to the regimen). Nails are brittle and brittle. The baby may experience shortness of breath even with minor exertion. A child who has anemia often begins to get sick with infectious and viral diseases. Older children may complain of severe headaches, dizziness, heart palpitations.

Diagnosis and treatment

In order to identify anemia, the patient must undergo a number of certain examinations:

• Doctor's examination.
• (on the number of red blood cells, reticulocytes, platelets and, of course, platelets; hemoglobin and hematocrit levels; MCV (mean volume of red blood cells), etc.).

Additionally, the specialist may prescribe other types of examinations in order to confirm or refute the diagnosis.

The tactics of treating anemia (anemia) should be prescribed exclusively by a doctor, after your diagnosis is confirmed by tests and other examinations. With iron deficiency anemia, it is recommended to use drugs with a high iron content (Fenuls, Totem and others). It is advisable to use the medicine inside, since if the drug is administered subcutaneously or intravenously, there is a high risk of an allergic reaction. Additionally, it is recommended to use ascorbic acid, which promotes the rapid absorption of iron.

Depending on the type and severity of anemia, different treatment regimens are prescribed, the result of which may appear in 2-3 months, or even later. In addition, after complete recovery, an additional prophylactic course of taking drugs for 3 months (at lower doses) is additionally carried out.

If there are minor deviations from the norms, do not panic! You can correct the level of hemoglobin in the blood not only with pills, but also with food. In addition, walking in the fresh air will help you feel much better.

Since in most cases anemia is formed against the background of iron deficiency in the body, many experts recommend that patients consume more with a high iron content. In addition, the anemia patient's diet should be enriched with many other vitamins, as it has been proven that iron itself is not absorbed.

• Egg yolk.
• Liver, beef heart, tongue dishes.
• Turkey meat.
• Dairy products.
• Nuts.
• Apples and peaches.
• Broccoli cabbage.
• Whole grain cereals.
• Dried fruits.

It is advisable to cook all dishes in a double boiler or eat them fresh!

Babies under 6 months of age should not be introduced to complementary foods. The baby receives iron and other vitamins from mother's milk or a special infant formula. From 7-8 months, the child can be introduced into the diet of meat and fruit purees. Additionally, give juices from fresh fruits.

Traditional medicine recipes

Traditional medicine recipes for anemia of the 1st degree have been known since ancient times. All methods were tested by ordinary people. Therefore, it is not strange that many patients turn to old recipes to this day.

There are several ways to help cure anemia in adults and children at home:

• Rowan tea. You need 2 tsp. berries pour 2 cups boiling water. Leave to infuse (about 30-40 minutes). Drinking tea is recommended for ½ cup 2-3 r. for a day. According to this recipe, you can brew blueberries or rose hips.
• It is recommended to brew soup from young nettle leaves. You will need a few young leaves, throw in boiling water and let them boil for about 5-10 minutes. It is recommended to eat such a healthy soup 1r. for 2-3 days.
• Mix in equal proportions juices from pomegranate, carrot, lemon, apple and beetroot. Add 1-2 tbsp. honey. Keep the juice in a cool and dark place. Use 2 tbsp. 3 p. for a day.

There are many more folk remedies that will help to cope with anemia. But still, before using them, consult a doctor. After all, you do not know how this or that recipe can affect your well-being.

Arguing about whether anemia of the 1st degree is dangerous is pointless. Like any other disease, anemia can cause irreversible processes in the body. It is not necessary to treat the disease on your own in any case.

Anemia is a pathological condition in which there is a decrease in the hemoglobin content in the blood, as well as a decrease in the number of red blood cells per unit volume of blood.

Symptoms of anemia

Grade 1 anemia can present with symptoms such as weakness, dizziness, and fatigue. However, it is worth noting that the patient may not feel any discomfort with health. Severe conditions may be accompanied by fainting and pre-fainting sensations.

There may also be problems with the cardiovascular system - this is palpitations during physical exertion, shortness of breath and exacerbation of coronary heart disease.

The severity of the disease

Iron-rich foods should be present in abundance in the diet of a pregnant woman. These include chicken eggs (yolks), liver, heart and tongue (beef or veal), turkey meat, dairy products, cocoa, apricots, almonds and other products.

The closer to childbirth, the larger portions you need to eat iron-containing foods. It is recommended to use this diet as a prophylaxis, starting from the first weeks of pregnancy.

Treatment of anemia 1 degree

You can find out about it from the information below:

• For effective treatment of anemia, it is not enough just to follow a diet. Iron from drugs is absorbed by the body 15-20 times more, so it is very important to take these drugs.
• If symptoms persist after prolonged use of iron supplements, the doctor looks for other causes of anemia. Intravenous iron or injections may also be given.
• you may need to take vitamins for anemia if the body is deficient in vitamin B-12. When the desired level of the content of this vitamin is reached, the symptoms of the disease are significantly weakened. Vitamin B-12 can be obtained from foods such as liver, kidneys, any fish, shellfish, oysters, milk, eggs, and hard cheese.
• Folic acid deficiency can also cause grade 1 anemia. In this case, the doctor prescribes folic acid supplements. In addition, it is important to make your diet complete - it should include fresh fruits, greens, broccoli, cauliflower, whole grain cereals. Steam vegetables or eat them raw.
• anemia caused by complications of the bone marrow and stem cells can become chronic and almost untreatable.

Some types of anemia do not require treatment at all, while there are cases where a blood transfusion may be needed. Usually goes into remission and yet patients with this condition almost always need a bone marrow transplant.