Sinus tachycardia is characterized by an increase in pulse beats up to 100 per minute. The disease is a type in which the heart rate in the sinus node is disrupted.

General characteristics, classification

There are two main types of sinus tachycardia:

• If a person has increased heart contractions in the absence of any disease, then this is physiological form sinus tachycardia. Such an adaptive reaction occurs against the background of an emotional outburst and physical activity. Tachycardia can also be caused by taking certain groups of drugs. In such cases, the heartbeat rhythm is restored after calming down and resting.
• If the cause of the increase in heart rate is a disease, then this pathological form tachycardia, which occurs even in a calm state, when there are no prerequisites for accelerating the rhythm.

Types of pathological sinus tachycardia:

• The neurogenic type is characterized by frequent stress, which causes cardiac neurosis. In this case, an attack of tachycardia can begin even with one memory of an unpleasant situation.
• The endocrine appearance occurs against the background of pathologies of the endocrine system.
• The toxic form occurs with the abuse of substances such as ethyl alcohol, drugs, nicotine grass, caffeine, adrenaline or atropine. The cause may be infection of the body, in which body temperature rises and blood pressure decreases, causing anemia.
• The cardiogenic type develops due to the presence of diseases of the cardiovascular system.
• Orthostatic appearance occurs with prolonged bed rest or certain disorders in the nervous system. Heart contractions increase when getting out of bed, that is, from a horizontal to a vertical position.

Causes

Causes of the physiological type of sinus tachycardia:

• active sports, physical activity;
• mental overstrain, manifestation of emotions: fears, worries, worries, stress;
• being in a stuffy room;
• sudden temperature change;
• air temperature is too high.

Causes of the pathological type of sinus tachycardia:

• from the cardiovascular system: heart disease, chronic and acute heart failure, ischemia, heart attack, cardiosclerosis, aneurysm, atherosclerosis, hypertension, cardiomyopathy;
• from the endocrine system: thyrotoxicosis, hormonal imbalance, hormone-producing neoplasm in the adrenal glands;
• from the nervous system: neurosis, psychosis, vegetative-vascular dystonia;
• from the respiratory system: bronchial asthma, bronchitis, pneumonia, emphysema;
• blood loss and severe anemia;
• infection of the body;
• high body temperature, low blood pressure;
• obesity;
• partial dehydration;
• a sharp decrease in blood glucose levels;
• taking hormonal drugs, antidepressants, antihypertensive drugs, adrenergic agonists, aminophylline group, caffeine-containing medications.

Quite often, sinus tachycardia occurs due to abuse, smoking, taking drugs, drinking strong tea and coffee. At the initial stages, this seems harmless, because tachycardia has a physiological form. But over time, concomitant pathologies arise that are considered life-threatening.

The main symptoms are:

• increased pulse and heartbeat: the patient may notice a fluttering of the heart and at the same time feel discomfort in the sternum;
• a feeling of lack of air, which causes shortness of breath;
• , up to fainting and loss of consciousness;
• fatigue and weakness, even with little physical activity;
• with diseases of the heart and circulatory system, pain always occurs in the chest area;
• insomnia and anxiety;
• increased irritability or, conversely, a depressive state;
• convulsions in the limbs;
• paleness of the skin;
• a sharp drop in blood pressure and panic attack;
• decrease in the amount of urinary fluid produced.

Only with sinus tachycardia does the attack begin slowly, which makes it difficult to determine the exact time of the heart rhythm failure. Symptoms increase gradually and the longer it occurs, the more pronounced the symptoms.

Diagnostics

Diagnostic measures for suspected sinus tachycardia are as follows:

• after the patient contacts the clinic, the doctor will collect an anamnesis;
• Blood pressure must be measured and the number of heart contractions determined;
• the patient takes blood tests to conduct a hematology test;
• the cardiologist will prescribe auscultation, through which a heart murmur is detected;
• electrocardiography, which helps determine the strength, frequency, and rhythm of heart contractions;
• if cardiac pathologies are suspected, echocardiography and ultrasound examination of the heart are performed, due to which all pathological abnormalities are detected;
• to eliminate the risk or confirm the presence of a hormonal etiology for the occurrence of sinus tachycardia, a urine test is taken;
• it is possible to perform bicycle ergometry to study the heart: for this, an exercise bike is used that records heart rate readings after and during physical activity;
• EEG (electroencephalography) is used to study the central nervous system.

Drug therapy includes the following steps:

• taking antiarrhythmic drugs to reduce the number of heart contractions: Verapamil, Propranolol, Flecainide, Adenosine;
• beta receptor blockers: Atenolol, Timolol, Esmolol;
• to stabilize sleep and calm the nervous system, sedatives and tranquilizers are prescribed;
• to normalize the mineral content for adequate heart function, the doctor prescribes potassium and magnesium supplements;
• Calcium antagonists and cardioselective beta blockers may also be prescribed.

Additionally, therapy is used to eliminate the underlying cause. For example, for thyrotoxicosis, drugs intended to treat the endocrine system are used. The patient must definitely change his lifestyle, eliminating certain foods from the diet and getting rid of bad habits. A nutritionist should prescribe. In many cases, the patient must visit a physical therapy office and engage in moderate exercise.

Surgery used in cases where drug therapy does not produce a positive result. Catheter ablation is used, in which the sinus node is destroyed. An electrical pacemaker is installed in its place. If sinus tachycardia occurs against the background of serious heart pathologies, an appropriate operation is performed.

Folk remedies are always included in the complex treatment of any tachycardia, because they contain completely safe components. But you can use traditional medicine recipes only after the permission of the attending physician, because Not every product is ideal for a particular case.

When treating sinus tachycardia, the following recipes are effective:

• Decoctions of medicinal herbs. Pharmaceutical chamomile, valerian, mint, lemon balm and motherwort must be present. To prepare a mixed decoction, you need to combine all the ingredients in equal quantities, take 1 tbsp. l. mixture and pour a glass of boiling water over it. Let it brew, take 100 ml three times a day.
• Mint and lemon balm are used as a sedative. Herbs can be combined or brewed separately. Prepare and drink as a tea drink.
• Make an alcohol tincture from lemon balm. For 50 grams of dry leaves you will need 125 ml of food alcohol. Combine the ingredients and pour into a glass container with a tight-fitting lid. Leave for about 2 weeks. Then the tincture should be strained and taken daily, a teaspoon three times a day. If you find it unpleasant to take such liquid in its pure form, you can add the tincture to natural juice.
• Buy valerian root and calendula herb at the pharmacy. Combine in equal proportions, pour 1 tbsp. l. mixture with a glass of boiling water. Leave for 20-30 minutes and drink 50 ml 2 times a day.
• Take 1 tbsp. l. coriander, pour boiling water. Leave for 2-3 hours, preferably in a thermos. Take 1 tbsp. l. twice a day.
• Brew oregano and motherwort. The recipe is indicated on the pharmacy packaging.
• Boil the rose hips. For 400 ml of water you will need a couple of tablespoons of fruit. Drink as a compote throughout the day.
• You can brew hawthorn in the same way.
• A universal recipe that is used for all pathologies of the cardiovascular system. Wash 0.5 kg of lemons. Cut the fruit to remove the seeds. Without removing the zest, pass through a meat grinder. Add a glass of natural honey and, if desired, some almonds. For 3 weeks, take the mixture 1 tbsp. l. 2-3 times a day. The first dose must be on an empty stomach. Remember that if the acidity of the gastric juice is high, this remedy is not recommended.
• Black radish juice combined with the same amount of liquid honey helps. Take 1 tablespoon 2 times a day.

Prognosis, complications

With sinus tachycardia, if it is treated in a timely manner, the prognosis is quite favorable, and the quality of life does not change. However, the prognosis largely depends on the cause of tachycardia. Thus, with heart failure and other pathologies of the heart and blood vessels, death is possible.

If you do not receive timely treatment, the following complications are possible:

• development of heart diseases (failure, stroke, heart attack, etc.);
• severe swelling in the lungs;
• arrhythmic shock;
• cardiac and respiratory arrest;
• thrombophlebitis, thromboembolism, atherosclerosis;
• local or partial damage to parts of the brain, followed by dementia and death.

Prevention

The following should be done as preventive measures:

• Strengthen your immune system, as the speed of development of pathologies depends on it. To do this, your daily diet should include healthy vitamins and minerals.
• You need to eat right, excluding spicy, over-salted, fried, smoked foods.
• Do moderate physical exercise, which will prevent stagnation in the internal systems of the body. This prevents the development of many diseases.
• Drink at least one and a half liters of water a day.
• Stop smoking and drinking alcoholic beverages.
• Pay attention to any deterioration in your health in a timely manner and go to the hospital immediately. This will eliminate the risk of developing sinus tachycardia.

Preventive measures are necessary not only to prevent the formation of tachycardic attacks, but also after undergoing therapeutic measures to eliminate the disease.

Sinus tachycardia can be fraught with a number of serious complications, so it is important to diagnose it in a timely manner in order to prescribe adequate treatment. If you are predisposed to this pathology, you should visit a cardiologist annually and follow preventive measures.

Sinus tachycardia can occur in different age groups. ECG (electrocardiogram) is the main diagnostic method with which it is possible to detect heart rhythm disturbances. Refusal of timely therapy can lead to the development of dangerous complications. The most unpleasant thing is severe heart failure.

Description of the pathological process

Sinus tachycardia is a type of arrhythmia in which the frequency and regularity of heart contractions are significantly impaired. The development of a pathological process is indicated if the sinus rhythm exceeds 100 beats per minute. The sinus node is the main element that ensures the rhythm of the heart. If its work is disrupted, the entire body suffers. Blood flow is reduced and the systems do not receive enough oxygen to function properly.

Tachycardia is a normal variant during significant physical exertion or emotional shock (excitement). If tachycardia is observed in calm situations, you need to seek help from a cardiologist. Unpleasant symptoms may indicate the development of serious diseases of the cardiovascular system. Manifestations of tachycardia can be observed with a lack of oxygen (in a poorly ventilated area), after drinking a large amount of coffee. In preschool children, the sensation of their own heartbeat is a normal variant.

Healthy people may also experience sinus tachycardia. An ECG can detect a disturbance at the moment a large amount of adrenaline is released into the blood. This situation is observed against the background of activation of the sympathetic nervous system against the background of exposure to an external factor. Once its effect wears off, your heart rate gradually returns to normal.

What does sinus tachycardia mean on an ECG? This means that the patient needs to undergo additional examination by a cardiologist. Deviation from the indicators does not always mean that you had to deal with the disease. Violations can be observed against the background of fear. Diagnosis problems are especially common in young patients. The ECG procedure itself is already an emotional test for a child. A preliminary diagnosis is made if the heart rate exceeds 120 beats per minute. If the readings are slightly lower, the ECG procedure is repeated after some time.

Causes of the disease

Sinus tachycardia can be detected on an ECG in any patient. But most often the diagnosis is made to older people or those who already suffer from certain heart disorders. Tachycardia may be an early sign of heart failure. If you suspect this disease, you must undergo a comprehensive medical examination. In elderly patients, tachycardia can develop against the background of myocarditis, cardiometry, or angina.

In young and middle-aged patients, sinus tachycardia may develop against the background of a bacterial infection. An ECG often reveals abnormalities in bacterial endocarditis. This is an inflammation of the connective lining of the heart. The disease is manifested by symptoms of general intoxication, chills, and chest pain. Endocarditis often develops in weakened patients with immunodeficiency. In this case, chronic foci of infection are most often present in the body.

In some patients, sinus tachycardia (S-type) may be a normal variant. An ECG reveals a slight increase in heart rate at rest. However, the patient feels absolutely normal, and other studies also do not reveal any abnormalities. In this case, tachycardia is an individual feature of a particular organism.

Neurogenic arrhythmias deserve special attention. Sinus tachycardia on the ECG occurs with primary dysfunction of the cerebral cortex, as well as disorders of the autonomic nervous system. Pathology often develops in young people prone to neuroses and depression.

In acute diseases, temporary sinus tachycardia of the heart may be observed. An ECG will show abnormalities if the patient has a fever. The heart rate increases against the background of tonsillitis, pneumonia, tuberculosis, sepsis, or any focal infection. As body temperature rises, the circulatory system wears out. As a result, the heart rate increases. The situation returns to normal after complete recovery.

Some medications can also affect the sinus node. Antihypertensive medications, diuretics, and some hormonal medications will help increase the heart rate.

Sinus tachycardia in children

Rapid heartbeat is a common occurrence in babies. Therefore, sinus tachycardia of the heart may not always be a cause for panic. What it is? Why does a child feel a heart rate even in a calm state? Only a qualified pediatric cardiologist can answer this question accurately after a thorough examination of the little patient.

There is no reason to panic if symptoms of tachycardia are observed after the child’s active games or fright. When your body temperature rises due to the flu or cold, you will also experience an increased sinus rhythm (tachycardia). As soon as the irritating factor passes, the child’s heartbeat returns to normal.

What should you do if, during a preventive examination, your baby has sinus tachycardia on the ECG in a calm state? Signs of this type may indicate heart defects that were not previously identified in a young patient. Most often, tachycardia in children is caused by congenital defects that lead to disruption of the heart and great vessels. Disorders develop in utero. Statistics show that various forms of heart defects occur in 1% of newborns. In most cases, children can lead a full life. However, you will have to see a pediatric cardiologist.

Against the background of other pathological processes in the child’s body, sinus tachycardia of the heart can also develop. What it is? This means that the heart rhythm disturbance is caused by the presence of infection in other organs and systems of the baby. Tachycardia often develops against the background of anemia, endocrine pathologies, and diseases of the nervous system.

Tachycardia and heart failure

If attacks of sinus tachycardia recur periodically, treatment should be started immediately. It must be remembered that an increase in the number of heartbeats is one of the first signs of heart failure. The pathological process, in the absence of timely treatment, can lead to the development of dangerous complications, including death.

Heart failure is a condition in which the contractility of the myocardium (the main heart muscle) is significantly reduced. As a result, stagnation appears in the blood circulation, accompanied by a significant deterioration in the patient’s well-being. Heart failure is rarely an independent disease. Most often this is a consequence of other disorders of the vascular system. In adults, pathology can develop against the background of ischemic disease. can rapidly progress against the background of congenital malformations of the organ.

With arterial hypertension, the development of heart failure occurs over many years. In this case, sinus tachycardia may be noticeable after exercise on the ECG. In a calm state at the initial stage, disturbances are not yet noticeable.

Negative factors such as excess body weight, alcoholism, and smoking will provoke the rapid progression of tachycardia and heart failure.

Diagnostic measures

The main diagnostic method is an ECG for sinus tachycardia. The picture that appears after the study can be seen below. A non-invasive electrophysiological test makes it possible to assess the bioelectric potentials of the heart. All manipulations are carried out using skin electrodes. ECG is an accessible method that has been used in cardiology for decades.

If serious cardiac dysfunction is suspected, 24-hour ECG monitoring is performed. With this study, the work of the heart is observed over a long period. The patient is amenable to physical activity or is in a calm state. Particular attention is paid to the work of the heart in a state of sleep. To carry out monitoring, a special portable device is used, which is fixed on the patient’s body and does not limit his actions. All types of heart rhythm disturbances are detected using a computer program. Such diagnostics are quite informative and completely safe for the patient.

Echocardiography is another popular method that is widely used in the study of heart disease. This is a non-invasive way to study the activity of the heart using ultrasound. Such a study makes it possible to identify disorders of the vascular system that are not noticeable on the ECG and do not manifest themselves clinically. In this way, it is possible to study the structures of the heart muscle and the surrounding space.

To identify intracardiac pathology, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging may be prescribed. The method is based on scanning organ tissue with radio waves. Thanks to high resolutions, it is possible to examine the detailed structure of the cavities and valves of the heart muscle. MRI is the main diagnostic method to determine the type of heart defect.

In the process of examining patients with tachycardia, it is important to exclude blood diseases, endocrine disorders, and pathologies of the nervous system. Therefore, additional consultation with related specialists may be required. In addition, the patient must undergo general blood and urine tests.

Signs of sinus tachycardia

Symptoms of the disease depend on its severity. The general condition of the patient, the presence of chronic pathologies, and the full functioning of the entire cardiovascular system are also important. At the initial stage, the patient may not even suspect that he is developing sinus tachycardia. Symptoms, as a rule, appear when an irreversible process has begun and the heart muscle does not work properly.

You should consult a cardiologist if you periodically hear your heart beating in a calm state, or if you have a feeling of heaviness or pain in the chest area. Alarming signs also include the following: a feeling of lack of air (shortness of breath), weakness, increased anxiety, insomnia, decreased performance and appetite, worsening mood. These symptoms may indicate that insufficient oxygen is entering the blood due to improper functioning of the heart muscle. It is possible that a diagnosis of “sinus tachycardia of the heart” will be made. What it is has already been described above.

The manifestation of tachycardia also depends on the degree of sensitivity of the nervous system of a particular patient. In some cases, the disease may be accompanied by attacks of angina. This is a sharp pain in the chest area caused by a lack of blood supply. If such a phenomenon develops, assistance should be provided to the patient immediately. Against the background of tachycardia, signs of heart failure may also worsen, such as liver enlargement, swelling in the arms and legs, swelling of the saphenous veins, etc.

With severe sinus tachycardia, the blood supply to various body systems is disrupted. As a result, the patient experiences frequent dizziness and fainting. When cerebral vessels are damaged, seizures may occur. Prolonged tachycardia leads to the development of hypotension (lowering blood pressure).

First aid for tachycardia

Help for the patient is necessary in case of pronounced tachycardia with pain. Self-control of the patient himself is of great importance. During an attack of tachycardia, you need to calm down and try to call someone for help. You should ensure a flow of fresh air - open a window or go outside. Tight clothing should be removed and the collar of the shirt should be unbuttoned. Nothing should interfere with normal breathing.

The drug Corvalol will help quickly restore normal heart activity. This is a plant-based soothing drug with an antispasmodic effect. The drug helps normalize the patient’s condition and relieves unpleasant manifestations of tachycardia. But you should not count on a long-term therapeutic effect. The doctor will prescribe the correct therapy. Therefore, during an attack of severe tachycardia, it is necessary to call an ambulance.

Already at home, a diagnosis of “sinus tachycardia” can be made. Full treatment begins only after a thorough examination in the cardiology department.

Even before the ambulance arrives, a cold compress on the forehead will help normalize the patient’s condition. You can also wash your face with cool water. A strong artificial cough also helps normalize the heart rate.

It is important to promptly find and establish the cause of tachycardia. The signs described above may also indicate myocardial infarction. Therefore, you should never try to carry out therapy yourself at home.

Drug treatment of sinus tachycardia

The principles of disease therapy are determined primarily by the causes of the development of the pathological process. The doctor must find out what sinus tachycardia means on the ECG and what other disorders of the cardiovascular system are present. Therapy is carried out by a cardiologist together with other specialists. Treatment of secondary tachycardia should be aimed at eliminating the underlying disease.

Particular attention is paid to sinus tachycardia caused by heart failure. Cardiac glycosides are required. Digoxin is widely used. The medication has a vasodilator and moderate diuretic effect. The drug helps normalize the functioning of the heart - it reduces the heart rate and increases the stroke volume of the heart muscle. When taken orally, the drug is quickly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. The therapeutic effect is noticeable within half an hour.

In the complex treatment of sinus tachycardia, sedatives, tranquilizers and antipsychotics are widely used. With their help, it is possible to gradually normalize well-being, reduce the symptoms of insomnia, and normalize the heart rate.

After the ECG concludes “sinus tachycardia,” the patient will have to reconsider his lifestyle. This is especially true for patients whose tachycardia is accompanied by other dangerous diseases of the cardiovascular system. First of all, you have to forget about bad habits. Smoking and drinking alcohol are strictly prohibited.

Tachycardia and heart failure are not a reason to limit your social contacts and normal lifestyle. The patient can attend work and do what he loves. And moderate physical activity will only be beneficial. Of course, you can't be overtired. Gymnastics, cycling, walking in the fresh air - all this should be fun.

Proper physical activity increases heart performance. A training program can be developed individually for the patient to strengthen the cardiovascular system and the body’s defenses as a whole. It is recommended to perform a stress ECG before starting training. Sinus tachycardia is a reason to develop the correct training program, taking into account the patient’s disease.

People with heart disease should pay special attention to their diet. A patient with tachycardia needs to eat regularly and avoid starvation. Portions should be minimal. Excessive stress on the gastrointestinal tract can also cause heart rhythm disturbances. Eating food before bedtime is not recommended. Preference should be given to low-calorie foods high in magnesium and potassium.

After studying sinus rhythm on an ECG, tachycardia may not always be detected. However, the described diet will also benefit healthy patients. For those who adhere to it, the likelihood of developing cardiovascular diseases is minimized.

For sinus tachycardia, it is useful to eat foods high in fiber. These are nuts, fresh vegetables and fruits. The diet should definitely include raisins, dried apricots, cherries, pomegranates, grapefruits, dates, grapes, figs, peaches, dogwoods, etc. Baked vegetables - eggplants, potatoes, carrots, beets - will benefit. The diet should also include porridge with milk, vegetable soups, and fermented milk products.

You should be careful when choosing meat. Preference should be given to low-fat products. Chicken and rabbit are ideal. It is worth including low-fat sea fish in your diet, which contains large quantities of iron, magnesium, potassium and other useful microelements.

Folk remedies for treating tachycardia

Even if sinus tachycardia is not accompanied by an ECG, the recipes described below will help restore normal well-being and strengthen the functioning of the entire cardiovascular system. Traditional methods of treatment can be used in combination with traditional treatment. Before starting therapy, you should definitely consult with your cardiologist.

Hawthorn is widely used for many heart diseases. This plant is especially useful in stressful situations. With the help of hawthorn you can quickly calm the nervous system and normalize sleep. The plant has a positive effect on the heart and blood vessels. The chemical composition of hawthorn includes fructose, calcium, magnesium, Vitamins A, C, E. Most often, hawthorn inflorescences and fruits are used, less often - leaves.

For sinus tachycardia, therapy with hawthorn tincture for 25 days will come to the rescue. To prepare the medicine, 150 g of dried fruits are poured with a liter of vodka. The product should sit for a week in a cool, dry place. A teaspoon of tincture should be consumed twice a day after meals.

Hawthorn-based tea will also be beneficial. Dry fruits are poured with boiling water, a little sugar is added to taste. This drink is especially useful before bed. You will be able to forget about insomnia.

Valerian has long been recognized as a sedative. The plant is also widely used in the complex therapy of sinus tachycardia. A tablespoon of chopped roots (can be purchased at a pharmacy) is poured with boiling water and left in a thermos for several hours. This infusion should be consumed three times a day, 100 ml. The course of therapy is three weeks. This therapy is especially useful for tachycardia provoked by stressful situations.

Motherwort also calms the heart rate well. This plant is the first competitor of valerian. Pour a teaspoon of motherwort into a glass of boiling water and leave until it cools (15-20 minutes). You need to drink three mugs of this tea a day. You can add sugar to taste.

Widely used as a medicine against tachycardia and the following recipe. Ten cloves of garlic are thoroughly ground and mixed with the juice of ten lemons. The finished mixture is added to half a liter of fresh honey. The ingredients are thoroughly mixed and allowed to brew for 24 hours. The medicine is taken several teaspoons once a day.

Treatment prognosis

There is no need to panic if sinus tachycardia is detected on the ECG. Deciphering by a qualified specialist will make it possible to understand what is causing the heart rhythm disturbance. In any case, if you seek help in a timely manner, the prognosis will be favorable. But refusal of treatment will lead to the development of heart failure and other unpleasant complications.

Sinus tachycardia is not a disease, but a symptom. With this disorder, the heart muscle begins to function at an accelerated rate. It runs idle, wears out, and the ventricles are not completely filled with blood. At the same time, the pressure drops sharply, the heartbeat becomes rapid, and the internal organs do not receive enough oxygen. Oxygen starvation causes the development of ischemia of the brain and heart. All this leads to ventricular fibrillation, uncoordinated contraction and disruption of the heart. In adults, sinus tachycardia is diagnosed much more often than in children.

• Show all

  The essence of pathology

  One of the dangerous heart rhythm disorders is sinus tachycardia. This disease is characterized by an increase in heart rate (HR), resulting in problems with the heart and blood vessels.

  Heart rate in normal mode varies from 65 to 80 beats per minute. Indicators from 80 to 100 are considered acceptable, although the norm in such cases is exceeded. Moderate tachycardia (90 beats per minute) is considered normal for a healthy person subjected to physical exertion. With sinus tachycardia, the heart rate is more than 100 beats per minute.

  Similar symptoms are mainly observed in men and women in old age. Although in practice it occurs in younger people and teenagers. Its cause may be cardiac hypertrophy, a disease that is most often diagnosed in athletes. Pathology in young people is accompanied by rapid fatigue, headaches, increased heart rate and shortness of breath. Similar symptoms are observed in adolescents who are diagnosed with a “small heart.”

  The development of sinus tachycardia and, in some cases, arrhythmia occurs when the functioning of the cardiovascular system fails, when the sinus node generates electrical impulses more often than necessary. The mechanism of this process is shown in the picture.

  
  

  This condition in cardiology is regarded as a symptom of a number of other diseases. Among them are:

  • coronary heart disease;
  • myocarditis;
  • chronic heart failure.

  An increased heart rate is a normal reaction of the body to physical activity and stressful situations. It indicates the body’s increased need for nutrients and oxygen. In such cases, there is no talk of a stable form of sinus tachycardia; the manifestations pass without a trace and are not accompanied by alarming symptoms.

  The need for diagnosis and treatment arises when the frequency and duration of such disorders increases. This problem is solved by specialized specialists: a cardiologist and a neurologist.

  

  Causes

  Sinus tachycardia very rarely manifests itself. Most often it is secondary, a sign of some pathology or occurs against the background of another disease. The causes of sinus tachycardia may be:

  • arterial hypotension or hypertension;
  • diseases of the cardiovascular system, not excluding heart defects and heart attacks;
  • pulmonary diseases of a chronic nature;
  • endocrine disorders;
  • infectious diseases;
  • high body temperature;
  • being overweight;
  • alcohol abuse;
  • smoking;
  • gastrointestinal bleeding accompanied by significant blood loss;
  • sudden weight loss as a result of heart failure or cancer;
  • psychoses, neuroses;
  • anemia.

  Disturbances can also be caused by stress and physical activity.

  

  Symptoms

  The main symptoms of sinus tachycardia:

  • feeling of heart activity at any time, not excluding night;
  • pain in the heart area;
  • dizziness;
  • decreased blood pressure;
  • constant weakness;
  • increased fatigue;
  • malaise;
  • the occurrence of panic attacks, phobias;
  • shortness of breath due to constant lack of oxygen;
  • sleep disturbance;
  • poor appetite;
  • decline in mood;
  • deterioration in general health.

  A separate subgroup can be divided into signs indicating insufficient blood supply to organs. Among them:

  • falling into unconsciousness;
  • dizziness;
  • convulsions.

  Prolonged sinus tachycardia leads to the development of arterial hypotension, the main signs of which are a decrease in blood pressure, coldness of the extremities and a decrease in diuresis.

  In women and men, the pathology manifests itself equally.

  

  Tachycardia during pregnancy

  Causes of sinus tachycardia in pregnant women:

  • increased load on the maternal body, including the central nervous system;
  • compression of internal organs as a result of fetal growth;
  • hormonal changes in the body;
  • increased stress on the heart;
  • acceleration of metabolic processes in the body.

  If a pregnant woman, being in a calm state, feels an increased heartbeat, then most likely she has a disorder in the sinus region. A slight tachycardia during this period is considered normal. An increase in heart rate can go away as suddenly as it occurs. Such manifestations are due to the additional load on the heart of the expectant mother. More pronounced symptoms can be observed at the beginning of the last trimester of pregnancy, when the fetus is already formed.

  Signs of pathological tachycardia are periodic attacks of nausea and vomiting. If the manifestations become regular, the woman will need to seek advice from a specialist.

  During pregnancy, women should avoid worries, get upset and not overload the body with physical work. If tachycardia attacks occur, all activity should be stopped. In this way, symptoms can be eliminated.

  In most cases, such manifestations can be dealt with with the help of sedative tablets and drugs with potassium, phosphorus and calcium ions.

  Diagnostics

  If the first signs of sinus tachycardia occur, you should immediately contact your doctor.

  Assessment of this condition involves identifying the causative factor acting as the underlying disease. The basis for diagnosis is the patient’s complaints, external signs and examination results.

  The patient is prescribed general and additional blood and urine tests to obtain basic indicators and study hormonal levels to exclude endocrine diseases.

  Instrumental treatment methods include:

  • ECG and Holter ECG. The methods make it possible to assess the heart rate and identify ventricular tachycardia, the treatment of which has its own characteristics.
  • Ultrasound of the heart. It is carried out to assess the functionality of the heart valves and heart muscle. Allows you to identify ischemia, hypertension, heart disease and other chronic ailments.

  First aid for an attack

  A sudden attack of tachycardia poses a certain danger to human life. In this case, emergency measures will be required. First aid consists of the following:

  • There is an urgent need to provide fresh air. To do this, it is recommended to go outside or open a window and stand near it.
  • Get rid of tight clothing items: loosen your belt, unbutton your shirt collar.
  • Wet a towel and apply it to your forehead.
  • You can reduce your heart rate using the following technique: tighten your abdominal muscles while holding your breath.

  If after first aid there is no relief, you must call an ambulance. If you are diagnosed with “sinus tachycardia,” you cannot resort to self-treatment, since the occurrence of an attack can be due to various reasons.

  Therapy

  Treatment of sinus tachycardia requires an integrated approach. The therapeutic regimen is developed individually for each patient. The underlying disease should be treated first.

  The patient is prescribed medications to relieve signs of sinus tachycardia. These medications can be divided into two groups:

  

  In some cases, beta blockers and beta blockers are prescribed to slow the heart rate.

  Conservative treatment may not be effective. In this case, there is a need for surgical intervention. Cardiac surgery is advisable for congenital heart defects, complications of rheumatism, ischemia and the presence of tumors resulting from hormonal disorders.

  Folk remedies

  Treatment of sinus tachycardia with folk remedies is carried out using decoctions and tinctures based on medicinal herbs. Many of them show high efficiency, so they cannot be ignored. Recipes:

  • Mood from variegated knitting. Used for palpitations and shortness of breath. Prepare like this: you need to take 2 tsp. dry herbs and pour 200 ml of boiling water. Then leave to infuse until completely cooled, filter and take 1/4 cup three times a day. The course of treatment is 1 month.
  • Alcohol tincture of elecampane. Stimulates heart activity. It is prepared as follows: 100 grams of crushed elecampane roots must be poured with 500 ml of 70% alcohol and left to infuse in a dark place for two weeks. Take 1 tsp. three times a day after meals for a monthly course of treatment.
  • Infusion of adonis. Helps with arrhythmia. Cooking recipe: you need to put an enamel pan with water on the fire, boil it, pour in 1 tsp. dry herbs, simmer over low heat for three minutes and leave to steep until cool. Then filter with gauze and take 1 tbsp. l. four times a day after meals for three weeks.

Sinus tachycardia is characterized by rapid heartbeat and occurs in almost all age categories. It is often determined during routine examinations in adolescents and even young children. How dangerous is sinus tachycardia and what does modern medicine offer to treat the disease?

During anxiety, physical exertion, and emotional stress, the heart beats rapidly. Some reported palpitations after a heavy dinner or strong coffee. All these factors can actually cause sinus tachycardia, which normally goes away over time. This is due to the fact that a healthy heart copes with the tested load, while blood circulation in other organs and systems is not impaired.

Tachycardia- this is a healthy reaction of the body caused by certain factors. It is necessary in order to compensate for the increased work of organs and systems that require a constant supply of blood.

In some cases, tachycardia is a pathological condition that causes certain clinical manifestations. It can be either an independent disease or associated with other organs - the brain, pancreas or thyroid gland, lungs, intestines. In such cases, a correctly established diagnosis and timely treatment will avoid complications directly related to tachycardia.

Description of sinus tachycardia

It is a form of arrhythmia with supraventricular localization (in the atria). The main feature of the manifestation is an accelerated sinus rhythm, in which its regularity and balance of the work of the ventricles and atria are maintained. The average heart rate for sinus tachycardia is 115 beats per minute, although sometimes the rate reaches 220 beats per minute.

In adults, tachycardia is considered a rapid heartbeat of 100 beats per minute, in children - from 120 beats per minute.

Symptoms of sinus tachycardia

Subjective sensations may not be noted if the condition of the heart, valves and blood vessels is close to normal. Also, signs such as slight discomfort in the chest, infrequent pain in the heart that does not cause fatigue, and weakness that does not affect performance are not cause for concern.

It is worth considering whether sinus tachycardia is dangerous if the following symptoms occur:

• heartbeat is defined as pronounced and frequent;
• in a calm state, shortness of breath is felt and there is a feeling of lack of air;
• weakness prevents you from working normally;
• possible loss of consciousness;
• irritability, restlessness, anxiety and fear appeared;
• Heart pain appears in a calm state and does not go away for a long time.

In addition to subjective signs, a prolonged attack of sinus tachycardia is characterized by objective manifestations - pallor of the skin, mild excitability. Urine formation is scanty, blood pressure decreases.

Causes of sinus tachycardia

There are two types of tachycardia - physiological and pathological. The first form most often occurs due to external factors, which can be represented by physical work, psycho-emotional stress, and the use of tonic substances (caffeine, alcohol, energy drinks). Upon cessation of the influence of the factors that caused the tachycardia, normalization of the general condition is noted.

Pathological sinus tachycardia is of clinical significance, since the symptoms of the disease do not go away in a calm state. A person cannot fully rest and work, so medical intervention is required. Several groups of causes, conventionally divided into extracardiac and cardiac, play an important role here. The first group includes the following influencing factors:

• Neurogenic disorders that contribute to the development of so-called vagal arrhythmia, vegetative-vascular and intercostal tachycardia.
• Endocrine disorders, which due to hormonal imbalance lead to accelerated heart function. This is especially common in thyrotoxicosis and adrenal tumors. Diabetes mellitus can also cause pancreatic arrhythmia.
• Other extracardiac causes include: injuries with severe blood loss, prolonged febrile states, hypoxia, anemia of various origins, taking medications (caffeine, sympathomimetics).

Cardiac causes are associated with disruption of the cardiovascular system. Of these, the main ones are:

• Cardiomyopathies.
• Inflammatory diseases of the myocardium.
• Heart failure, most often chronic.
• All forms of coronary heart disease.
• Heart defects (acquired and congenital).

Types of sinus tachycardia

In children In a normal state, an accelerated heartbeat is observed. The occurrence of sinus tachycardia in childhood can be associated with fever, acute infectious processes, and disorders of the nervous system. The state of the pulse mainly depends on the age of the child, so you need to check the heart rate table calculated by age:

Table: Normal ranges for sinus tachycardia

Video - sinus tachycardia in children

In teenagers The most common is functional tachycardia, which develops against the background of emotional lability and is characterized by neurogenic disorders. It manifests itself as increased fatigue, weakness, irritability, there are signs of an imbalance of the vegetative-vascular system - sweating, dizziness, a feeling of trembling, frequent urination.

In pregnant women Often there are attacks of palpitations, which occur even in those who have not previously felt this. This is associated with an increase in blood volume in a woman’s body, an increase in the load on the heart muscle, and changes in the hormonal state in the body. Also, an enlarging uterus increases pressure in the abdominal cavity, which also contributes to the development of palpitations. To avoid complications in the form of gestosis, antenatal clinics closely monitor the progress of pregnancy.

Video - sinus tachycardia during pregnancy

In older people Due to the weakening of many processes in the body, the risk of developing sinus angina increases. As a rule, at this age there are already many diseases that more or less provoke its development.

Complications and consequences of the pathological form of sinus tachycardia

It may be complicated by congestion in the circulatory system, resulting in acute and chronic heart failure. If tachycardia developed against the background of other heart diseases, their course is more complex. For example, angina becomes more severe, and recurrent myocardial infarction is possible. Rhythm disturbances involve other internal organs in the pathological process. Pulmonary edema may develop or blood supply to the brain may deteriorate.

Diagnosis of sinus tachycardia

The examination of the patient begins with his questioning and objective examination. Next, laboratory and instrumental tests are prescribed - electrocardiography, echocardiography, ultrasound of the heart, blood biochemistry, urine analysis, and hormonal parameters are determined.

Electrocardiography is the main method for diagnosing sinus tachycardia, available at any level of patient care. The key ECG signs are:

• correct sinus rhythm is maintained;
• Heart rate is more than 90 per minute;
• the P wave is defined as positive in all major leads;
• there is a shorter distance (interval) between the P waves;
• The T wave may be enlarged or reduced.

Prevention of pathological sinus tachycardia

Is in the organization healthy lifestyle And proper diet. Mainly worth:

• Do not abuse alcohol and do not smoke;
• Play sports and spend every day as actively as possible;
• Take food slowly and in small portions;
• Sleep should be complete and refreshing;
• Maintain a positive mood in yourself and others;
• Do not overwork at work and alternate between workload and rest.

Treatment of pathological sinus tachycardia

It is compiled on the basis of collected complaints, an objective examination, instrumental and laboratory tests. An assessment of disorders of the cardiovascular system and other organs is carried out.

Physiological sinus tachycardia does not require specific treatment. If a person experiences periodic palpitations that do not cause discomfort and go away on their own, then it is enough to carry out basic prevention of the disease.


The pathological form is considered primarily in the context of the underlying disease. To begin with, drug treatment is prescribed. If these are endocrine disorders, then sinus tachycardia is treated by the treating endocrinologist. Treatment of palpitations in combination with cardiovascular diseases is carried out by a cardiologist, taking into account the medications allowed for taking. Neurogenic disorders that cause heart palpitations should be corrected by a neurologist.

There are non-drug treatments for sinus tachycardia. First of all, this is physical therapy. Water treatments in the form of a swimming pool and relaxing baths, and massage can also be prescribed. For neurogenic arrhythmias, consultations with a psychotherapist help, since it is important for patients to cope with their fears and experiences.

Drugs

These are mainly antiarrhythmic medications. A number of them improve innervation of the heart (magnesium sulfate, potassium preparations, membrane stabilizers, calcium ion antagonists), others directly affect the heart muscle (sympathomimetics, β-blockers and β-adrenergic agonists). There are also combination medications, such as cardiac glycosides, which affect the innervation of the heart and myocardium at the same time.

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Materials science in orthopedic dentistry. Propaedeutics of dental diseases. Workbook for self-preparation of students and control of mastering the competence of the module - Arutyunov S.D.




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2 290 R




The book briefly presents information on the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the nervous system in a form adapted for general practitioners. It includes the most common neurological diseases and conditions and provides approximate patterns of examination and treatment of patients. All sections are presented in the form of visual materials - structural logical blocks, diagrams, tables and figures. The form of the book and its index will allow you to use a keyword to find the desired disease, syndrome or condition, as well as the necessary medications for prescribing treatment.

549 R




The textbook briefly outlines practical issues of clinical diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the thyroid and parathyroid glands. A point of view is reflected, argued by almost 40 years of experience in endocrine surgery, which includes more than 30 thousand operations. Therefore, the recommendations are intended both for young specialists studying in residency, just starting to practice in therapy, surgery, endocrinology, pediatrics, urology, and for experienced doctors.

1 390 R




Particular emphasis is placed on analyzing the logic of sequential analysis and the use of additional ultrasound techniques (CD, ED, 3D, elastography and elastometry modes) in addition to the standard gray-scale examination of mammary tissue. The need for a multiparametric approach to ultrasound assessment of the condition of the glands is substantiated. The use of the BI-RADS system in the final summary assessment of the risks of malignancy of breast tumors is shown

Mucogingival surgery around teeth and implants: Working on mistakes - A. Yu. Fevralev




All clinical cases are richly illustrated with magnificent photographs. The book-album is an excellent navigation aid not only for beginners, but also for experienced dental surgeons and periodontists.

3 930 R




Answers on questions! Ways and methods of attracting new patients to the clinic. Ways and methods of properly organizing the work of a clinic administrator. Methods for presenting clinic staff to patients. How to increase motivation among clinic employees. Methods for retaining existing clinic patients.

3 790 R




Necessary information about the syndrome, instructions (actually protocols) for clinical diagnosis, the use of additional research methods, differential diagnosis, as well as recommendations for observation and treatment. Separate chapters provide information on pneumonia, lesser-known diseases (Kawasaki syndrome, periodic fevers), as well as febrile seizures. Because fevers often accompany infections, a separate chapter provides recommendations for the use of antimicrobial agents. The Appendix provides a list of drugs registered in Russia, including indications and dosages.

2 190 R




National Immunoprophylaxis Calendar and Immunoprophylaxis Calendar for epidemiological indications, as well as detailed information on possible vaccination schedules using domestic and imported vaccines. The description of the clinical picture of post-vaccination complications, as well as pathological conditions coinciding with vaccination, which often serve as a reason for accusations against immunoprophylaxis, has been expanded.

1 890 R




The manual presents more than 100 clinical observations with 220 illustrations of X-ray, computed tomography, magnetic resonance bronchography and ultrasound studies. Brief data on the morphological and functional features of the child’s respiratory system, semiotics, as well as clinical, visualization and functional methods for studying the respiratory organs are presented.




The issues of pathogenesis, clinical course, diagnosis and treatment of atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma are considered; Particular attention is paid to the algorithm of the doctor’s actions in emergency allergic conditions. Diagnostic criteria for the main forms of immunodeficiency and principles of their treatment are presented.

2 190 R




This textbook is devoted to a description of the topographical and anatomical structure, etiology, pathogenesis, clinical picture, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of the development of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases of the salivary glands, as well as their complicated forms. A separate chapter discusses issues of mechanical damage to the salivary glands. The manual is intended for maxillofacial surgeons, dentists and senior students.

550 R




The textbook addresses the clinical issues of injuries to the bones of the facial part of the skull and the resulting post-traumatic complications. Their classification is presented. The pathogenesis of all types of emerging complicated forms of the bone wound healing process is outlined. The problems of diagnosing post-traumatic osteomyelitis, malunion of bone fragments, and formed false joints are discussed and a method for predicting their development is outlined. The results of treatment of all types of complicated forms of bone wounds of the facial part of the skull are presented.

550 R